Thiết kế kit điều khiển nhiệt độ

8/12/2019 Thit k kit iu khin nhit

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Luan An Tot Nghiep Thiet Ke Kit ieu Khien Nhiet o

GVHD TS:(co)Nguyen Th Phng Ha 1 SV:Vo Quang Hau

LI CAM N

Trc khi vao luan van nay em xin camn cac thay co cua bo mon ieu khien t onga truyen at cho em cac kien thc trong suotthoi gian qua.Em xin cam n co Nguyen ThPhng Ha a giup em trong thi gian lamluan van qua .va em cung xin cam n ban bea giup em khi lam luan van

Em xin chan thanh cam n cacthay co


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MUC LUCChng1:gii thieu ve he thong ieu khien nhiet o --------------------- 1

I / khai niem ve he thong ieu khien nhiet o ----------------------- 1II/ cac nguyen tac ieu khien nhiet o ------------------------------- 1III/cac loai cam bien nhiet o ------------------------------------------ 2IV/mo hnh tong quat va cac phng phap o nhiet o ------------ 3

Chng 2:cam bien nhiet ------------------------------------------------------ 6I/ cac thong so cam bien ------------------------------------------------- 6II/cac loai cam bien thong dung ---------------------------------------- 6

Chng 3:gii thieu vi x ly AT89C57 ------------------------------------- 11

I/gii thieu cau truc phan cng ho MCS51 -------------------------- 11II/khao sat s o chan 8952,va chc nang tng chan -------------- 13III/cau truc ben trong vi ieu khien ----------------------------------- 15IV/hoat ong timer cua 8952 ------------------------------------------- 23V/hoat ong Port noi tiep ---------------------------------------------- 32VI/tap lenh ho 8952 ------------------------------------------------------ 39

Chng 4:m rong port dung 8255 ------------------------------------------- 45I/cau truc phan cng ----------------------------------------------------- 45II/ cau truc phan mem --------------------------------------------------- 47III/ Giao tiep 8255 vi vi x ly ---------------------------------------- 47

Chng 5 :thiet ke mach ------------------------------------------------------ 49I/ gii thieu cac linh kien chnh ---------------------------------------- 51II/thiet ke kit vi x ly --------------------------------------------------- 54III/ thiet ke mach ieu khien cong suat ------------------------------ 58IV/ thiet ke mach ban phm -------------------------------------------- 60V/ thiet ke mach nguon ------------------------------------------------ 61VI/ thiet ke mach hien th ---------------------------------------------- 63VII/ thiet ke khoi hieu chnh zieger Nichol -------------------------- 64VIII/ thiet ke mach x ly ADC ---------------------------------------- 68

Chng 6: lu o giai thuat --------------------------------------------------- 72Chng 7:chng trnh phan mem ------------------------------------------- 80


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PHAN M AU

Ngay nay ky thuat vi ieu khien a tr nen quen thuoc trong cac nganh kythuat va trong dan dung. T cac day chuyen san xuat ln en cac thiet b giadung, chung ta eu thay s hien dien cua vi ieu khien. Cac bo vi ieu khienco kha nang x ly nhieu hoat ong phc tap ma ch can mot chip vi mach nho,no a thay the cac thiet b ieu khien ln va phc tap bang nhng mach iengon nhe, de dang thao tac s dung.Chnh v cac ly do tren, viec tm hieu, khao sat vi ieu khien la ieu ma cacsinh vien nganh ien ma ac biet la chuyen nganh ieu khien t ong phai het

sc quan tam.Cac bo ieu khien s dung vi ieu khien tuy n gian nhng e van hanh vas dung c lai la mot ieu rat phc tap. Phan cong viec x ly chnh van phuthuoc vao con ngi, o chnh la chng trnh hay phan mem. Tuy chung tathay cac may tnh ngay nay cc ky thong minh, giai quyet cac bai toan phctap trong vai phan trieu giay, nhng o cung la da tren s hieu biet cua conngi. Neu khong co s tham gia cua con ngi th he thong vi ieu khiencung ch la mot vat vo tri. Do vay khi noi en vi ieu khien cung giong nhmay tnh bao gom 2 phan la phan cng va phan mem.Cac bo vi ieu khien theo thi gian cung vi s phat trien cua cong nghe bandan a tien trien rat nhanh, t cac bo vi ieu khien 4 Bit n gian en cac bo

vi ieu khien 32 Bit. Vi cong nghe tien tien ngay nay cac may tnh co the ien viec suy ngh, tri thc cac thong tin a vao, o la cac may tnh thuoc thehe tr tue nhan tao.Mac du vi ieu khien a i c nhng bc dai nh vay nhng e tiep canc vi ky thuat nay khong the mot van e n gian mot sm mot chieu Viechieu c c che hoat ong cua bo vi ieu khien 8 Bit la c s e chung ta tmhieu va s dung cac bo vi ieu khien toi tan hn, ay chnh la bc i au tienkhi chung ta muon xam nhap sau hn vao lnh vc nay.e tm hieu bo vi ieu khien va tao nen tan cho viec nghien cu sau nay thviec trang b nhng kien thc ve vi ieu khien cho sinh vien la het sc can

thiet. Nen em chon e tai Thiet ke va thi cong he thong Kit Vi ieu Khien8952 ng dung vao viec ieu khien nhiet o


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Chng I:

GII THIEU HE THONG IEU KHIENNHIET O

I.Khai niem ve he thong ieu khien nhiet o:Nhiet o la ai lng vat ly hien dien khap moi ni va trong nhieu lnh

vc, ac biet la trong cong nghiep v moi san pham , thiet b hay ieu kien lamviec can nhng nhiet o khac nhau .Muon co c nhiet o phu hp can phaico mot he thong ieu khien.Tuy theo tnh chat ,yeu cau cua qua trnh ma nooi hoi cac phng phap ieu khien thch hp

He thong ieu khien nhiet o co the phan lam hai loai :He thong ieukhien hoi tiep (feedback control system) va he thong ieu khien tuan t(sequence control system) ieu khien hoi tiep thng c xac nh va giam sat ket qua ieu khien ,

so sanh no vi yeu cau thc thi va t ong ieu chnh ung . ieu khien tuan t thc hien tng bc ieu khien tuy theo hoat ong ieu

khien trc khi xac nh tuan t.II/ cac nguyen tac ieu khien :1.Nguyen tac thong tin phan hoi:

Trong cac qua trnh ieu khien ,ton tai hai dong thong tin mot t c quanchu quan en oi tng va mot t oi tng i ngc ve c quan ieu khien ,c goi la lien ket ngc hay hoi tiep .

a) Qua trnh ieu khien theonguyen tac bu nhieu:

Tac ong vao oi tng laluat ieu khien u theo nguyen tacbunhieu e at au ra c mongmuon,nhng khong quan sat tnhieu ra c .

Ve nguyen tac ,oi vi hephc tap th ieu khien theo mach h khong cho ket qua tot .

b) ieu khien theo sai lech:C quan ieu khien quansat c, so sanh vi nh chuanieu mong muon r e chon luatieu khien u.

Nguyen tac ay laieu chnh linh hoat ,loai sai

n

ieu khien

oi tngu c

rieu khien

e u

n

c

- oi tng


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3.ieu khien theo doi:

Neu tn hieu tac ong vao he thong r(t) la mot ham khong bet trc theothi gian ,yeu cau ieu khien ap ng ra c(t) luon bam sat c r(t) ,ta co hethong theo doi.ieu khien theo doi c s dung rong rai trong cac he thongieu khien vu kh ,he thong lai tau ,may bay

4.ieu khien toi u ham muc tieu at cc tr: V du cac bai toan qui hoach ,van tru trong kinh te ,ky thuat eu la cac

phng phap ieu khien toi u.IV.Mo hnh tong quat va cac phng phap o nhiet o:1.Mo hnh he thong ieu khien:

He thong o va ieu khien nhiet o la mot ang cua he thong thu thap

d lieu .Nhn chung mot he thong thu thap d lieu ay u co nhng thanh phansau: Phan thu thap d lieu t oi tng ben ngoai vao he thong vi x ly-may

tnh. Phan nay gom cac cam bien ,mach gia cong tn hieu ,bo chuyen oitn hieu tng ong sang tn hieu so (ADC) va cac thiet b ngoai vi khacnh nguon, ng day truyen d lieu

Phan ieu khien : bao gom he vi x ly , may tnh va he thong tac ong vaooi tng .

Phan mem: la chng trnh cho kt x ly tai cho va chng trnh cho maytnh nham thu nhan d lieu va ieu khien nhiet o cung nh giao tiep vi

ngi s dung .Cac thanh phan tren lien quan chat che vi nhau ,tao thanhmot he thong hp nhat .T phan tch tren mot he thong thu thap d lieu(ADS)se co nhng thanh phan cau truc sau:

N

ADC

DigitalControll

HTD

C

CAM BIEN

+

-

y(t)u(kt)e(kt)


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2.Chc nang cac khoi trong he thong ieu khien:2.1.Kt chu vi x ly:

Kit s dung mot chip vi x ly ,la n v master nhan yeu cau t ngi sdung va truyen d lieu cho cac slave khac , ay s dung ky thuat truyen

thong a x ly e giao tiep kit chu va cac kit x ly slave,gia kit chu va maytnh, ch co the giao tiep khi tac ong phm t kit .Kit chu co thiet ke phan cng nh cac kit slave, duy ch co them ve

phan cng mang truyen va phan chng trnh quan ly cac thong so cua cac nv slave.2.2.khoi thu thap d lieu

Khoi thu thap d lieuco nhiem vu thu nhan cac gia tr o t cam bienva bien oi sang tnh hieu so e kt co the x ly2.4. Chng trnh ieu khien:

Thc hien viec giao tiep gia cac vi x ly va kit chu ,gia kit chu vamay tnh ,at tr.3.Cac phan t trong thiet b o va phng phap o nhiet o:3.1.Cac phan t trong thiet b o: CAM BIEN

Phan t bien oi cac ai lng khong ien sang ai lng ien,bo phannay thng dung thermocouple. BO CHE BIEN TN HIEU

Kenh n

Kenh 1 DON

KENH

TNG

T

KT

LU

TR

VA

IEU

KHIEN

ADC

Mach oi tng 1

MachGia cong n

BOPHAN

KENH

Maytnhchu

Mach oi tng n

MachGia cong 1


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Bien oi tn hieu ien thu c t thermocouple cho phu hp vi mc

vao mach bien oi tn hieu A/D. BO HIEN TH KET QUA

Hien th ket qua thu c di dang hien th so. BO IEU KHIEN

Thc hien ieu khientheo phng phap PID hay ON/OFF. MACH KHUYECH AI CONG SUAT

Khuech ai tn hieu ieu khien e ieu chnh nhiet o.3.2.Cac phng phap o:

Hien nay co rat nhieu phng phap o khac nhau :t n gian en phctap, t loai co o chnh xac va en loai chnh xac cao. o nhiet o bang cot thuy ngan. o nhiet o bang ien tr. o nhiet o bang cap nhiet ien. o nhiet o bang diode va transistor . Dung cu o nhiet theo nhiet nong chay cua cac chat. Dung cu o nhiet o theo dong ien bc xa. o nhiet o bang IC cam biem nhiet. o nhiet o bang cam bien thach anh.

o nhiet o dung cam bien thach anh co u iem hn so vi cac phngphap khac ,v no co o chnh xac cao ,viec chuyen oi dang so rat de dang oivi thong tin lien quan en tan so.

V du: ac tnh o lng cua tinh the thach anh do hang Heulett Packard chetao co: Khoang o -80oC 250oC. Khoang tuyen tnh 0.05% khoang o. o nhay 1000HZ oC . Kha nang o 0.0001oC.

Tuy nhien co han che la kho che tao ,cac mach dao ong thach anh khotinh chnh.a) Cach lap at bo cam ng nhiet:

V tr cua cam ng nhiet anh hng rat ln en viec o ac va ieukhien nhiet o cua vat the .Cam ng nhiet cang xa nguon nhiet th cang vot locao do o tuy theo yeu cau cu the ma ta lap at v tr thch hpb) Quan he gia cac thang o nhiet o:

ToC =T(oK)-273.15ToC ={T(oF)-32}5/9


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10/84



Chng II:CAM BIEN NHIET O

Cam bien nhiet o la dung cu chuyen oi ai lng nhiet thanh cac ailng vat ly khac chang han nh ien, ap suat, o gian n dai, o gian nkhoi, ien tr, Cam bien nhiet o la phan t khong the thieu trong bat kyhe thong o lng ieu khien nhiet o nao. Cam bien nhiet o co kha nangnhan biet c tn hieu nhiet o mot cach chnh xac, trung thc va chuyen oithanh tn hieu co the o lng c nh ien ap, dong ien, ien tr, the tchap suat

I.CAC THONG SO CAM BIEN:1.Thong so cau tao: c quyet nh do nha san xuat va phu thuoc vao tngloai cam bien.2.Thong so s dung: bao gom cac yeu to sau:

Khoang lam viec : la khoang nhiet o ma cam bien co kha nang khicha b bao hoa . Khoang lam viec cao hay thap la do tnh chat cau taova tnh ly hoa cua tng loai cam bien qui nh.

o nhay: c nh ngha:

df: s thay oi ai lng o cua cam biendx : s thay oi ai lng vat ly.

Ngng o nhay: la mc thap nhat ma cam bien co the phat hien c. Tnh tre: con goi la quan tnh cua cam bien. Tnh tre cua cam bien tao

ra sai so cua phep o. Toc o thay oi cua ai lng o phai phu hpvi tnh tre cua cam bien. Neu ai lng o thay oi qua nhanh maquan tnh cua cam bien ln th khong the o chnh xac c. Moi cambien eu co tnh tre do anh hng cua vo bao ve.

II.CAC LOAI CAM BIEN THONG DUNG:

1.Cap nhiet ien :Cap nhiet ien la dung cu o nhiet o thng c s dung rong raitrong cong nghiep.C s che tao cap nhiet ien da tren cac nguyen ly sau: Hieu ng Thomson: qua mot day dan co dong ien I va hieu nhiet tren day

la T1-T2 th se co mot s hap thu hay toa nhiet. Hieu ng Pentier: khi co dong ien i qua mot moi noi cua hai day dan th

tai v tr moi noi se co s hap thu hay toa nhiet

dx

dfs


11/84



Hieu ng Seebeck: trong mot day dan bat ky , khi co s chenh lech nhiet

o tai mot iem th ngay tai iem o se xuat hien mot suat ien ong nh luat Macmut: trong mot mach ien kn cua day dan ong nhat bat ky

s phan bo nhiet o ra sao, suat ien ong tong cong cua mach luon bangkhong. Nguyen tac:

Nguyen tac cau tao cua cap nhiet ien da theo c s thc nghiem sau:Khi nung nong mot day kim loai hay mot oan day ,tai o tap trung ien t tdo va co khuynh hng khuech tan t ni tap trung nhieu en ni tap trung t .Co ngha la au nong (+)sang au nguoi(-) (hieu ng seebeck). oan dayxuat hien mot suat ien ong Thomson phu thuoc vao ban chat cua day kimloai.

Ro rang ay neu ta dung hai day kim loai ong chat a ,noi vi nhauqua hai iem T1 va T2 trong mach se xuat hien hai suat ien ong bang nhaunhng ngc chieu nhau nen tong suat ien ong bang khong.

Nhng neu mach kn tren c cau tao bi hai day kim loai khac nhau ava b th tong suat ien ong xuat hien trong mach nay bang suat ien ongThomson phu thuoc vao nhiet o tuyet oi T1,T2 hai au moi ghep cua daydan .Ngoai ra trong mach con co suat ien ong Seebeck ,ieu nay c giaithch la do s tap trung khac nhau cua ien t t do hai au moi ghep . Matkhac ,do s xuat hien the nang tiep xuc tai khu vc moi ghep bi hai day dankhong ong chat . ly thuyet tren c the hien bang cong thc:

Eab(T1,T2)=Eab(T2)-Eab(T1)

Trong o:+ Eab(T1,T2) : tong suat ien ong trong mach kn khi hai au moi ghepco nhiet o T1,T2.+Eab(T1) : suat ien ong Thomson xuat hien trong mach tai moi ghepco nhiet o T1.+Eab(T2) : suat ien ong Thomson xuat hien trong mach tai moi ghepco nhiet o T2.

Cong thc tren chnh la c s che tao cap nhiet ien .Neu e chuan motau co nhiet o T1=0oC th suat ien ong hai au cap nhiet tai moi ghep khiT2=T la:

32

2

1

2

1CTBTATEO

A,B,C la cac hang so phu thuoc vao vat lieu che tao. Nh vay suat ienong E0 la ham phi tuyen oi vi nhiet o .Noi cach khac o nhay cua cap


12/84



nhiet thay oi trong tng khoang o.Hoac ve mat toan hoc ham Eo c xem

la tuyen tnh vi nhiet o khi B,CA.Tom lai: suat ien ong c xem la tuyen tnh vi nhiet o trong

khoang lam viec nao o tuy theo cau tao cua tng loai kim loai e lam capnhiet. Cau tao:

Cap nhiet ien c che tao bang hai si kim loai khac nhau ,va co tnhat la hai moi noi.Mot au c gi nhiet o chuan goi la au ra au conlai tiep xuc vi oi tng o.

Cap nhiet ien co cc dng va cc am,cc dng thng anh daumau o

Tuy theo vat lieu che tao ,cap nhiet ien c phan thanh cac loai sau:

Vat lieu cau taoVe nguyen tac ,khi ot nong moi han cua hai kim loai bat ky eu phat

sinh mot suat ien ong nhiet .Nhng khong phai tat ca cac kim loai va hp

kim nao cung eu dung lam cap nhiet c.Vat lieu lam cap nhiet ien oi hoimot so yeu cau sau: o tinh khiet cao tnh chong an mon tot o nong chay cao hn nhiet moi trng can o mot so tnh chu yeu nh dan ien ,dan nhiet tot tnh lap lai trong khoang mot thi gian dai

20

40

30

50

10

180014001000600200

60

T (0C)

70

E(mV)

R

J

T

K

S

E

B

E

JK

T

E: Chromel/constantanJ: Sat/constantanT: ong/constantanK: Chromel/AlumelR: Platin-Rodi(13%)/PlatinS: Platin-Rodi(10%)/PlatinB: Platin-Rodi(30%)/Platin-Rodi(6%)


13/84



Ngoai ra o chnh xac cua cap nhiet ien con phu thuoc vao o chnh

xac che tao va ly tnh cua moi trng o. Cach s dung:

e cap nhiet o co the lam viec tot va lau ben ,khi s dung can lu y:+ Cap nhiet ien can co vo bao ve e chong tac ong xam thc cua moitrng yeu cau oi vi vo boc la cach ien nhng khong cach nhiet.+ Phai at cap nhiet ni thch hp v thng la nhiet khong phan bo eu.+ V tr lap at phai tranh cho co t trng ,ien trng manh.+e cap nhiet thang ng e phong ong bao ve b bien dang do nhiet cao.+Nen lap at day bu vao ong sat noi at e tranh nhieu .

2.Nhiet ke ien tr:

Nguyen ly lam viec cua nhiet ke la da vao s thay oi ien tr theonhiet o cua cac vat lieu dan ien.2.1.Nhiet ien tr kim loai: Cau tao:

Vat lieu cau tao ien tr kim loai oi hoi cac yeu cau sau:+ He so nhiet ln+ ien tr suat ln+ Tnh on nh ly hoa tot+ Tnh thuan khiet

o nhay:o nhay S cua nhiet ien tr kim loai co dang sau:

RR

RS : la he so nhiet ien tr.Ro: la ien tr 0oC.

He so nhiet ien tr:He so nhiet ien tr cua kim loai se tnh nh sau:

dTRdR

He so nhiet phu thuoc vao tnh ong nhat cua kim loai .2.2.Nhiet ien tr ban dan:

Thay oi nhiet o c che tao bang chat ban dan thng goi la

ThermistorThanh phan chnh cua thermistor la bot cua cac oxyt kim loai nh Maynghien bi,Fe,Ni,hoac cac honhp tinh che nh MgAl2O4 ,Zn2TiO4 Phan loai:

Nhiet ien tr ban dan c chia than hai loai : Nhiet ien tr Pct :la loai nhiet ien tr co he so nhiet dng ,ngha la

nhiet o tang th R giam.


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Nhiet ien tr Nct: thanh phan chnh la bot kim loai nh: MnAl2O4 va

Zn2TiO4.o tin cay cua nhiet ien tr ban dan phu thuoc vao o tinh khietcua vat lie che tao .Nct thng co hnh dang nh:dang hat ,dang da ,dangkhoen. He so thu nhiet o:

Thermistor se b ot nong khi khi nhiet o moi trng xung quanh tangt nhiet o T0 en T ,nh vay la nhiet ien tr a tieu thu c mot cong suattheo cong thc nh sau:

W= C(T-T0)C : la he so thu nhiet cua ien tr :la nang lng can thiet e lam tang

nhiet o cua Thermistor len 1oC so vi nhiet o xung quanh,co n v lawm/oC . Cach s dung:

Khi s dung nhiet ke khong nen dung nhiet ien tr nhiet o qua caohay qua thap lam c cau tinh the kim loai thay oi ,cung khong nen e ni quaam se tao ieu kien cho ien tr r khong kiem soat c .Khong nen at ientr kim loai ni co chan ong rung hay va ap . Cac u iem:co o chnh xac cao,co the ket noi vi may tnh

3.IC cam bien nhiet o:ay la mach tch hp nhan tn hieu nhiet o chuyen oi thanh ien ,cho

phep o c dang bien ap hay dong.Mot so loai IC cam bien thong dung:LX5700, LX135, LM235, LM335,

AD590, LM134,


15/84



CHNG 3 :GII THIEU VI X LY AT 89C52

I. GII THIEU CAU TRUC PHAN CNG HO MSC-51 (8951):

-ac iem va chc nang hoat ong cua cac IC ho MSC-51 hoan toantng t nh nhau. ay gii thieu IC8951 la mot ho IC vi ieu khien do hang

Intel cua My san xuat. Chung co cac ac iem chung nh sau:

Cac ac iem cua 8952 c tom tat nh sau :

8 KB EPROM ben trong.

128 Byte RAM noi.

4 Port xuat /nhap I/O 8 bit.

Giao tiep noi tiep.

64 KB vung nh ma ngoai

64 KB vung nh d lieu ngoai.

X l Boolean (hoat ong tren bit n).

210 v tr nh co the nh v bit.

4 s cho hoat ong nhan hoac chia.

3 Bo nh thi timer.


16/84



S o khoi cua 8951:

INT1\

INT0\

OTHERREGISTER

128 byteRAM

128 byteRAM

8051\8052

ROM

4K: 8031

4K: 8051

EPROM

4K: 8951INTERRUPTCONTROL

SERIAL PORT

TIMER 0

TIMER 1

TIME 2

CPU

OSCILATOR

BUSCONTROL I/O PORT

SERIALPORT

EA\

RST

ALE\

PSEN\ P0P1P2P3

Address\Data TXD RXD

TIMER 2

TIMER1

TIMER1


17/84



II. KHAO SAT S O CHAN 89C52, CHC NANG TNG CHAN:1.S o chan 8951:

30pF

30pF

S o chan IC 8951

2. Chc nang cac chan cua 8951:- 8951 co tat ca 40 chan co chc nang nh cac ng xuat nhap. Trong

o co 24 chan co tac dung kep (co ngha 1 chan co 2 chc nang), moi ng co

the hoat ong nh ng xuat nhap hoac nh ng ieu khien hoac la thanhphan cua cac bus d lieu va bus a ch.a.Cac Port:Port 0 :

- Port 0 la port co 2 chc nang cac chan 32 39 cua 8951. Trong cac thietke c nho khong dung bo nh m rong no co chc nang nh cac ng IO. oivi cac thiet ke c ln co bo nh m rong, no c ket hp gia bus a ch vabus d lieu.

32 AD733 AD6

34 AD5

35 AD436 AD3

37 AD2

38 AD139 AD0

87

65

4

321

28 A15

27 A1426 A13

25 A12

24 A1123 A1022 A9

21 A8

40

Vcc

XTAL.1

XTAL.2

PSEN\

ALE

EA\

RST

Vss

P0.7

P0.6P0.5

P0.4

P0.3P0.2

P0.1P0.0

P1.7P1.6

P1.5

P1.4P1.3P1.2

P1.1P1.0

P2.7

P2.6

P2.5P2.4

P2.3P2.2P2.1

P2.0

18

19

12 MHz

P3.7

P3.6

P3.5P3.4

P3.3P3.2P3.1

P3.0

17

161514

1312

11

10

RD

WRT1T0

INT1

INT0TXD

RXD

8951

29

30

31

9

20


18/84



Port 1:

- Port 1 la port IO tren cac chan 1-8. Cac chan c ky hieu P1.0, P1.1,P1.2, co the dung cho giao tiep vi cac thiet b ngoai neu can. Port 1 khongco chc nang khac, v vay chung ch c dung cho giao tiep vi cac thiet bben ngoai.

Port 2:- Port 2 la 1 port co tac dung kep tren cac chan 21 - 28 c dung nh

cac ng xuat nhap hoac la byte cao cua bus a ch oi vi cac thiet b dungbo nh m rong.

Port 3:- Port 3 la port co tac dung kep tren cac chan 10 - 17. Cac chan cua port

nay co nhieu chc nang, cac cong dung chuyen oi co lien he vi cac ac tnhac biet cua 8951 nh bang sau:Bit Ten Chc nang chuyen oi

P3.0 RXT Ngo vao d lieu noi tiep.P3.1 TXD Ngo xuat d lieu noi tiep.P3.2P3.3P3.4P3.5P3.6P3.7

INT0\INT1\T0T1WR\RD\

Ngo vao ngat cng th 0.Ngo vao ngat cng th 1.Ngo vao cua TIMER/COUNTER th 0.Ngo vao cua TIMER/COUNTER th 1.Tn hieu ghi d lieu len bo nh ngoai.Tn hieu oc bo nh d lieu ngoai.

. Cac ngo tn hieu ieu khien: Ngo tn hieu PSEN (Program store enable):- PSEN la tn hieu ngo ra chan 29 co tac dung cho phep oc bo nh

chng trnh m rong thng c noi en chan 0E\ (output enable) cuaEprom cho phep oc cac byte ma lenh.

- PSEN mc thap trong thi gian Microcontroller 8951 lay lenh. Cacma lenh cua chng trnh c oc t Eprom qua bus d lieu va c chot vaothanh ghi lenh ben trong 8951 e giai ma lenh. Khi 8951 thi hanh chng trnhtrong ROM noi PSEN se mc logic 1.

Ngo tn hieu ieu khien ALE (Address Latch Enable ) : - Khi 8951 truy xuat bo nh ben ngoai, port 0 co chc nang la bus ach va bus d lieu do o phai tach cac ng d lieu va a ch. Tn hieu raALE chan th 30 dung lam tn hieu ieu khien e giai a hp cac ng ach va d lieu khi ket noi chung vi IC chot.

- Tn hieu ra chan ALE la mot xung trong khoang thi gian port 0ong vai tro la a ch thap nen chot a ch hoan toan t ong.


19/84



Cac xung tn hieu ALE co toc o bang 1/6 lan tan so dao ong tren chip va

co the c dung lam tn hieu clock cho cac phan khac cua he thong. ChanALE c dung lam ngo vao xung lap trnh cho Eprom trong 8951.

Ngo tn hieu EA\(External Access):- Tn hieu vao EA\ chan 31 thng c mac len mc 1 hoac mc 0. Neu mc 1, 8951 thi hanh chng trnh t ROM noi trong khoang a ch thap 8Kbyte. Neu mc 0, 8951 se thi hanh chng trnh t bo nh m rong. ChanEA\ c lay lam chan cap nguon 21V khi lap trnh cho Eprom trong 8951.

Ngo tn hieu RST (Reset):-Ngo vao RST chan 9 la ngo vao Reset cua 8951. Khi ngo vao tn

hieu nay a len cao t nhat la 2 chu ky may, cac thanh ghi ben trong c

nap nhng gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong. Khi cap ien mach t ongReset.Cac ngo vao bo dao ong X1, X2:

- Bo dao ong c tch hp ben trong 8951, khi s dung 8951 ngi thiet kech can ket noi them thach anh va cac tu nh hnh ve trong s o. Tan so thachanh thng s dung cho 8951 la 12Mhz. Chan 40 (Vcc) c noi len nguon 5V.

III. CAU TRUC BEN TRONG VI IEU KHIEN

1. To chc bo nh:

FFFF FFFF

FF

00

On - Chip 0000 0000Memory

External Memory

CODE

Memory

Enable

via

PSEN

DATA

Memory

Enable

via

RD & WR


20/84



Bang tom tat cac vung nh 8951.

7F FF

F0 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 B

RAM a dungE0 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 ACC

D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PSW

30 B8 - - - BC BB BA B9 B8 IP2F 7F 7E 7D 7C 7B 7A 79 782E 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 B0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 P.32D 6F 6E 6D 6C 6B 6A 69 682C 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 A8 AF AC AB AA A9 A8 IE2B 5F 5E 5D 5C 5B 5A 59 582A 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 A0 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 P229 4F 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 49 4828 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 99 khong c a ch hoa bit SBUF27 3F 3E 3D 3C 3B 3A 39 38 98 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98 SCON26 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 3025 2F 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 28 90 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 P1

24 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 2023 1F 1E 1D 1C 1B 1A 19 18 8D khong c a ch hoa bit TH122 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 8C khong c a ch hoa bit TH021 0F 0E 0D 0C 0B 0A 09 08 8B khong c a ch hoa bit TL120 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 8A khong c a ch hoa bit TL0

1F Bank 3 89 khong c a ch hoa bit TMOD

18 88 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 TCON17 Bank 2 87 khong c a ch hoa bit PCON10

0F Bank 1 83 khong c a ch hoa bit DPH08 82 khong c a ch hoa bit DPL07 Bank thanh ghi 0 81 khong c a ch hoa bit SP00 (mac nh cho R0 -R7) 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 P0

CAC THANH GHI CHC NANG AC BIET


21/84



- Bo nh trong 8951 bao gom ROM va RAM. RAM trong 8951 bao gom

nhieu thanh phan: phan lu tr a dung, phan lu tr a ch hoa tng bit, cacbank thanh ghi va cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet.- 8951 co bo nh theo cau truc Harvard: co nhng vung bo nh rieng

biet cho chng trnh va d lieu. Chng trnh va d lieu co the cha ben trong8951 nhng 8951 van co the ket noi vi 64K byte bo nh chng trnh va 64Kbyte d lieu.

Hai ac tnh can chu y la :Cac thanh ghi va cac port xuat nhap a c nh v (xac nh) trong

bo nh va co the truy xuat trc tiep giong nh cac a ch bo nh khac.Ngan xep ben trong Ram noi nho hn so vi Ram ngoai nh trong cac boMicrocontroller khac.RAM ben trong 8951 c Phan chia nh sau:Cac bank thanh ghi co a ch t 00H en 1FH.RAM a ch hoa tng bit co a ch t 20H en 2FH.RAM a dung t 30H en 7FH.Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet t 80H en FFH.

RAM a dung:- Mac du tren hnh ve cho thay 80 byte a dung chiem cac a ch t 30H

en 7FH, 32 byte di t 00H en 1FH cung co the dung vi muc ch tng t(mac du cac a ch nay a co muc ch khac).

- Moi a ch trong vung RAM a dung eu co the truy xuat t do dung kieu

a ch trc tiep hoac gian tiep. RAM co the truy xuat tng bit:- 8951 cha 210 bit c a ch hoa, trong o co 128 bit co cha cac byte co

cha cac a ch t 20F en 2FH va cac bit con lai cha trong nhom thanh ghico chc nang ac biet.

- Y tng truy xuat tng bit bang phan mem la cac ac tnh manh cuamicrocontroller x ly chung. Cac bit co the c at, xoa, AND, OR, . . . , vi 1lenh n. a so cac microcontroller x ly oi hoi mot chuoi lenh oc sa -ghi e at c muc ch tng t. Ngoai ra cac port cung co the truy xuatc tng bit.

- 128 bit truy xuat tng bit nay cung co the truy xuat nh cac byte hoac nhcac bit phu thuoc vao lenh c dung. Cac bank thanh ghi:- 32 byte thap cua bo nh noi c danh cho cac bank thanh ghi. Bo lenh

8951 ho tr 8 thanh ghi co ten la R0 en R7 va theo mac nh sau khi reset hethong, cac thanh ghi nay co cac a ch t 00H en 07H.


22/84



- Cac lenh dung cac thanh ghi RO en R7 se ngan hn va nhanh hn so vi

cac lenh co chc nang tng ng dung kieu a ch trc tiep. Cac d lieu cdung thng xuyen nen dung mot trong cac thanh ghi nay.- Do co 4 bank thanh ghi nen tai mot thi iem ch co mot bank thanh ghi ctruy xuat bi cac thanh ghi RO en R7 e chuyen oi viec truy xuat cac bankthanh ghi ta phai thay oi cac bit chon bank trong thanh ghi trang thai.

2. Cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet:- Cac thanh ghi noi cua 8951 c truy xuat ngam nh bi bo lenh.

- Cac thanh ghi trong 8951 c nh dang nh mot phan cua RAM tren chipv vay moi thanh ghi se co mot a ch (ngoai tr thanh ghi bo em chngtrnh va thanh ghi lenh v cac thanh ghi nay hiem khi b tac ong trc tiep).Cung nh R0 en R7, 8951 co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet (SFR:Special Function Register) vung tren cua RAM noi t a ch 80H en FFH.

Chu y: tat ca 128 a ch t 80H en FFH khong c nh ngha, ch co21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet c nh ngha san cac a ch.- Ngoai tr thanh ghi A co the c truy xuat ngam nh a noi, a so cacthanh ghi co chc nang ac biet SFR co the a ch hoa tng bit hoac byte.

Thanh ghitrang thai chng trnh (PSW: Program Status Word):


23/84



T trang thai chng trnh a ch D0H c tom tat nh sau:

BIT SYMBOL

ADDRESS DESCRIPTION

PSW.7 CY D7H Cary Flag

PSW.6 AC D6H Auxiliary Cary Flag

PSW.5 F0 D5H Flag 0

PSW4 RS1 D4H Register Bank Select 1

PSW.3 RS0 D3H Register Bank Select 0

00=Bank 0; address00H07H

01=Bank 1; address08H0FH

10=Bank 2; address10H17H

11=Bank 3; address18H1FH

PSW.2 OV D2H Overlow Flag

PSW.1 - D1H ReservedPSW.0 P DOH Even Parity Flag

Chc nang tng bit trang thai chng trnh

C Carry CY (Carry Flag):

- C nh co tac dung kep. Thong thng no c dung cho cac lenhtoan hoc: C=1 neu phep toan cong co s tran hoac phep tr co mn va ngclai C= 0 neu phep toan cong khong tran va phep tr khong co mn.

C Carry phu AC (Auxiliary Carry Flag):

- Khi cong nhng gia tr BCD (Binary Code Decimal), c nh phu ACc set neu ket qua 4 bit thap nam trong pham vi ieu khien 0AH 0FH.Ngc lai AC= 0.

C 0 (Flag 0):

C 0 (F0) la 1 bit c a dung dung cho cac ng dung cua ngi dung.


24/84



Nhng bit chon bank thanh ghi truy xuat:

- RS1 va RS0 quyet nh day thanh ghi tch cc. Chung c xoa sau khireset he thong va c thay oi bi phan mem khi can thiet.

- Tuy theo RS1, RS0 = 00, 01, 10, 11 se c chon Bank tch cc tngng la Bank 0, Bank1, Bank2, Bank3.

RS1 RS0 BANK

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 21 1 3

C tran OV (Over Flag) :

- C tran c set sau mot hoat ong cong hoac tr neu co s tran toanhoc. Khi cac so co dau c cong hoac tr vi nhau, phan mem co the kiemtra bit nay e xac nh xem ket qua co nam trong tam xac nh khong. Khi cacso khong co dau c cong bit OV c bo qua. Cac ket qua ln hn +127hoac nho hn 128 th bit OV = 1.

Bit Parity (P):

- Bit t ong c set hay Clear moi chu ky may e lap Parity chanvi thanh ghi A. S em cac bit 1 trong thanh ghi A cong vi bit Parity luonluon chan. V du A cha 10101101B th bit P set len mot e tong so bit 1 trongA va P tao thanh so chan.

- Bit Parity thng c dung trong s ket hp vi nhng thu tuc cuaPort noi tiep e tao ra bit Parity trc khi phat i hoac kiem tra bit Parity saukhi thu.

Thanh ghi B:

- Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dung cung vi thanh ghi A cho cacphep toan nhan chia. Lenh MUL AB se nhan nhng gia tr khong dau 8 bittrong hai thanh ghi A va B, roi tra ve ket qua 16 bit trong A (byte cao) vaB(byte thap). Lenh DIV AB lay A chia B, ket qua nguyen at vao A, so dat vao B.


25/84



- Thanh ghi B co the c dung nh mot thanh ghi em trung gian a

muc ch. No la nhng bit nh v thong qua nhng a ch t F0HF7H. Con tro Ngan xep SP (Stack Pointer) :

- Con tro ngan xep la mot thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H. No cha a ch cuabyte d lieu hien hanh tren nh ngan xep. Cac lenh tren ngan xep bao gomcac lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep (PUSH) va lay d lieu ra khoi Ngan xep(POP). Lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep se lam tang SP trc khi ghi d lieu valenh lay ra khoi ngan xep se lam giam SP. Ngan xep cua 8031/8051 c gitrong RAM noi va gii han cac a ch co the truy xuat bang a ch gian tiep,chung la 128 byte au cua 8951.

- e khi ong SP vi ngan xep bat au tai a ch 60H, cac lenh sauay c dung:

MOV SP , #5F

- Vi lenh tren th ngan xep cua 8951 ch co 32 byte v a ch cao nhatcua RAM tren chip la 7FH. S d gia tr 5FH c nap vao SP v SP tang len60H trc khi cat byte d lieu.

- Khi Reset 8951, SP se mang gia tr mac nh la 07H va d lieu autien se c cat vao o nh ngan xep co a ch 08H. Neu phan mem ng dungkhong khi ong SP mot gia tr mi th bank thanh ghi1 co the ca 2 va 3 sekhong dung c v vung RAM nay a c dung lam ngan xep. Ngan xepc truy xuat trc tiep bang cac lenh PUSH va POP e lu tr tam thi va laylai d lieu, hoac truy xuat ngam bang lenh goi chng trnh con ( ACALL,LCALL) va cac lenh tr ve (RET, RETI) e lu tr gia tr cua bo em chngtrnh khi bat au thc hien chng trnh con va lay lai khi ket thuc chng trnhcon

Con tro d lieu DPTR (Data Pointer):

-Con tro d lieu (DPTR) c dung e truy xuat bo nh ngoai la motthanh ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL: byte thap) va 83H (DPH: byte cao). Ba

lenh sau se ghi 55H vao RAM ngoai a ch 1000H:MOV A , #55H

MOV DPTR, #1000H

MOV @DPTR, A

- Lenh au tien dung e nap 55H vao thanh ghi A. Lenh th hai dunge nap a ch cua o nh can lu gia tr 55H vao con tro d lieu DPTR. Lenh


26/84



th ba se di chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A (la 55H) vao o nh RAM ben ngoai

co a ch cha trong DPTR (la 1000H). Cac thanh ghi Port (Port Register):

- Cac Port cua 8951 bao gom Port0 a ch 80H, Port1 a ch90H, Port2 a ch A0H, va Port3 a ch B0H. Tat ca cac Port nay eu cothe truy xuat tng bit nen rat thuan tien trong kha nang giao tiep.

Cac thanh ghi Timer (Timer Register):

- 8951 co cha hai bo nh thi/ bo em 16 bit c dung cho viec nhthi c em s kien. Timer0 a ch 8AH (TLO: byte thap ) va 8CH (THO:

byte cao). Timer1 a ch 8BH (TL1: byte thap) va 8DH (TH1: byte cao).Viec khi ong timer c SET bi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H vathanh ghi ieu khien Timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Ch co TCON c a chhoa tng bit .

Cac thanh ghi Port noi tiep (Serial Port Register) :

- 8951 cha mot Port noi tiep cho viec trao oi thong tin vi cac thietb noi tiep nh may tnh, modem hoac giao tiep noi tiep vi cac IC khac. Motthanh ghi em d lieu noi tiep (SBUF) a ch 99H se gi ca hai d lieutruyen va d lieu nhap. Khi truyen d lieu ghi len SBUF, khi nhan d lieu thoc SBUF. Cac mode van khac nhau c lap trnh qua thanh ghi ieu khienPort noi tiep (SCON) c a ch hoa tng bit a ch 98H.

Cac thanh ghi ngat (Interrupt Register):

- 8951 co cau truc 5 nguon ngat, 2 mc u tien. Cac ngat b cam sau khib reset he thong va se c cho phep bang viec ghi thanh ghi cho phep ngat(IE) a ch A8H. Ca hai c a ch hoa tng bit.

Thanh ghi ieu khien nguon PCON (Power Control Register):

- Thanh ghi PCON khong co bit nh v. No a ch 87H cha nhieubit ieu khien. Thanh ghi PCON c tom tat nh sau:

Bit 7 (SMOD) : Bit co toc o Baud mode 1, 2, 3 Port noi tiep khi set.

Bit 6, 5, 4 : Khong co a ch.

Bit 3 (GF1) : Bit c a nang 1.

Bit 2 (GF0) : Bit c a nang 2 .

Bit 1 (PD) : Set e khi ong mode Power Down va thoat e reset.


27/84



Bit 0 (IDL) : Set e khi ong mode Idle va thoat khi ngat mach hoac

reset.Cac bit ieu khien Power Down va Idle co tac dung chnh trong tat ca

cac IC ho MSC-51 nhng ch c thi hanh trong s bien dch cua CMOS.

Hoat ong Reset:

- 8951 co ngo vao reset RST tac ong mc cao trong khoang thigian 2 chu ky xung may, sau o xuong mc thap e 8951 bat aulam viec. RST co the kch bang tay bang mot phm nhan thng h,s o mach reset nh sau:

+ 5 V

Reset

Manual Reset

IV/ HOAT ONG TIMER CUA 8952:1. GII THIEU:

- Bo nh thi cua Timer la mot chuoi cac Flip Flop c chia lam 2,no nhan tn hieu vao la mot nguon xung clock, xung clock c a vao FlipFlop th nhat la xung clock cua Flip Flop th hai ma no cung chia tan so clocknay cho 2 va c tiep tuc.

- V moi tang ke tiep chia cho 2, nen Timer n tang phai chia tan soclock ngo vao cho 2n. Ngo ra cua tang cuoi cung la clock cua FlipFlop tran Timer hoac c ma no kiem tra bi phan mem hoac sinh ra

ngat. Gia tr nh phan trong cac FF cua bo Timer co the c nghnh em xung clock hoac cac s kien quan trong bi v Timer ckhi ong. V du Timer 16 bit co the em en t FFFFH sang 0000H.

- Hoat ong cua Timer n gian 3 bit c minh hoa nh sau:

RST

10 F

8.2 K

100


28/84



Timer Flip Flops.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

- Trong hnh tren moi tang la mot FF loai D phu nh tac ong canhxuong c hoat ong mode chia cho 2 (ngo ra Q\ c noi vao D). FF c lamot bo chot n gian loai D c set bi tang cuoi cung trong Timer. Trongbieu o thi gian, tang au oi trang thai tan so clock, tang th hai oitrang thai tan so tan so clock . . . So em c biet dang thap phan vac kiem tra lai de dang bi viec kiem tra cac tang cua 3 FF. V du so em4 xuat hien khi Q2=1, Q1=0, Q0=0 (410=1002).

- Cac Timer c ng dung thc te cho cac hoat ong nh hng. 8951

co 2 bo Timer 16 bit, moi Timer co 4 mode hoat ong. Cac Timer dung eem gi, em cac s kien can thiet va s sinh ra toc o cua toc o Baud bi sgan lien Port noi tiep.

- Moi s nh thi la mot Timer 16 bit, do o tang cuoi cung la tang th16 se chia tan so clock vao cho 216= 65.536.

- Trong cac ng dung nh thi, 1 Timer c lap trnh e tran motkhoang thi gian eu an va c set c tran Timer. C c dung e ong bochng trnh e thc hien mot hoat ong nh viec a ti 1 tang cac ngo vaohoac gi d lieu em ngo ra. Cac ng dung khac co s dung viec ghi gi eueu cua Timer e o thi gian a troi qua hai trang thai (v du o o rong

xung).Viec em mot s kien c dung e xac nh so lan xuat hien cua skien o, tc thi gian troi qua gia cac s kien.

- Cac Timer cua 8951 c truy xuat bi viec dung 6 thanh ghi chcnang ac biet nh sau :

-

D

Q

Q0

D

Q

Q1

D

Q

Q2

D

Q

Q3

Flag FF

Clock

Q0

Q1

Q2

Count

Flag


29/84



Timer SFR Purpose Address Bit-Addressable

TCON Control 88H YES

TMOD Mode 89H NO

TL0 Timer 0 low-byte 8AH NO

TL1 Timer 1 low-byte 8BH NO

TH0 Timer 0 high-byte 8CH NO

TH1 Timer 1 high-byte 8DH NO

2. CAC THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TIMER

2.1. Thanh ghi ieu khien che o timer TMOD (timer mode register) :

- Thanh ghi mode gom hai nhom 4 bit la: 4 bit thap at mode hoatong cho Timer 0 va 4 bit cao at mode hoat ong cho Timer 1. 8 bitcua thanh ghi TMOD c tom tat nh sau:


30/84



Bit Name Timer Description

7 GATE 1 Khi GATE = 1, Timer ch lam viec khi INT1=1

6 C/T 1 Bit cho em s kien hay ghi gi

C/T = 1 : em s kien

C/T = 0 : Ghi gi eu an

5 M1 1 Bit chon mode cua Timer 1

4 M0 1 Bit chon mode cua Timer 13 GATE 0 Bit cong cua Timer 0

2 C/T 0 Bit chon Counter/Timer cua Timer 0



Hai bit M0 va M1 cua TMOD e chon mode cho Timer 0 hoac Timer 1.

M1 M0 MODE DESCRIPTION

0 0 0 Mode Timer 13 bit (mode 8048)

0 1 1 Mode Timer 16 bit

1 0 2 Mode t ong nap 8 bit

1 1 3

Mode Timer tach ra :Timer 0 : TL0 la Timer 8bit c ieu khien bi cac bit cua Timer 0.TH0 tng t nhng c ieu khien bi cacbit cua mode Timer 1.

Timer 1 : c ngng lai.- TMOD khong co bit nh v, no thng c LOAD mot lan bi phan

mem au chng trnh e khi ong mode Timer. Sau o s nh gi co thedng lai, c khi ong lai nh the bi s truy xuat cac thanh ghi chc nangac biet cua Timer khac.


31/84




32/84



2.2. Thanh ghi ieu khien timer TCON (timer control register):- Thanh ghi ieu khien bao gom cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien

bi Timer 0 va Timer 1. Thanh ghi TCON co bit nh v. Hoat ong cua tngbit c tom tat nh sau :

Bit Symbol BitAddress

Description

TCON.7 TF1 8FH C tran Timer 1 c set bi phan cng s tran, c xoa bi phan mem hoac biphan cng khi cac vect x l en thu tuc

phuc vu ngat ISRTCON.6 TR1 8EH Bit ieu khien chay Timer 1 c set

hoac xoa bi phan mem e chay hoacngng chay Timer.

TCON.5 TF0 8DH C tran Timer 0(hoat ong tng t TF1)

TCON.4 TR0 8CH Bit ieu khien chay Timer 0 (giong TR1)

TCON.3 IE1 8BH C kieu ngat 1 ngoai. Khi canh xuong xuathien tren INT1 th IE1 c xoa bi phanmem hoac phan cng khi CPU nh hngen thu tuc phuc vu ngat ngoai.

TCON.2 IT1 8AH C kieu ngat 1 ngoai c set hoac xoabang phan mem bi canh kch hoat bi sngat ngoai.

TCON.1 IE0 89H C canh ngat 0 ngoai

TCON IT0 88H C kieu ngat 0 ngoai.

2.3. Cac nguon xung nhp cho timer (clock sources):

- Co hai nguon xung clock co the em gi la s nh gi ben trong va sem s kien ben ngoai. Bit C/T trong TMOD cho phep chon 1 trong 2 khiTimer c khi ong.


33/84



S bam gi ben trong (Interval Timing):

- Neu bit C/T = 0 th hoat ong cua Timer lien tuc c chon vao boTimer c ghi gi t dao ong tren Chip. Mot bo chia 12 c them vao egiam tan so clock en 1 gia tr phu hp vi cac ng dung. Cac thanh ghi TLxva THx tang toc o 1/12 lan tan so dao ong tren Chip. Neu dung thach anh12MHz th se a en toc o clock 1MHz.

- Cac s tran Timer sinh ra sau mot con so co nh cua nhng xungclock, no phu thuoc vao gia tr khi tao c LOAD vao cac thanh ghi THx vaTLx.

S em cac s kien (Event Counting) :

- Neu bit C/T = 1 th bo Timer c ghi gi t nguon ben ngoai trongnhieu ng dung, nguon ben ngoai nay cung cap 1 s nh gi vi 1 xung trens xay ra cua s kien. S nh gi la s em s kien. Con so s kien c xacnh trong phan mem bi viec oc cac thanh ghi Timer. Tlx/THx, bi v gia tr16 bit trong cac thanh nay tang len cho moi s kien.

- Nguon xung clock ben ngoai a vao chan P3.4 la ngo nhap cua xungclock bi Timer 0 (T0) va P3.5 la ngo nhap cua xung clock bi Timer 1 (T1).

- Trong cac ng dung em cac thanh ghi Timer c tang trong ap ng

cua s chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0 ngo nhap Tx. Ngo nhap ben ngoai cth trong suot S5P2 cua moi chu ky may: Do o khi ngo nhap a ti mc caotrong mot chu ky va mc thap trong mot chu ky ke tiep th bo em tang lenmot. Gia tr mi xuat hien trong cac thanh ghi Timer trong suot S5P1 cua chuky theo sau mot s chuyen oi. Bi v no chiem 2 chu ky may (2s) e nhan ras chuyen oi t 1 sang 0, nen tan so ben ngoai ln nhat la 500KHz neu daoong thach anh 12 MHz.

On Chip

Oscillator12

C/T

T0 or T1

pin

Timer

Clock

0 = Up (internal Timing)

1 = Down (Event Counting)

Crystal


34/84



2.4. s bat au, ket thuc va s ieu khien cac timer (starting, stopping

and controlling the timer) :- Bit TRx trong thanh ghi co bit nh v TCON c ieu khien bi phan

mem e bat au hoac ket thuc cac Timer. e bat au cac Timer ta set bitTRx va e ket thuc Timer ta Clear TRx. V du Timer 0 c bat au bilenh SETB TR0 va c ket thuc bi lenh CLR TR0 (bit Gate= 0). Bit TRxb xoa sau s reset he thong, do o cac Timer b cam bang s mac nh.

- Them phng phap na e ieu khien cac Timer la dung bit GATEtrong thanh ghi TMOD va ngo nhap ben ngoai INTx. ieu nay c dung eo cac o rong xung. Gia s xung a vao chan INT0 ta khi ong Timer 0 chomode 1 la mode Timer 16 bit vi TL0/TH0 = 0000H, GATE = 1, TR0 = 1. Nhvay khi INT0 = 1 th Timer c m cong va ghi gi vitoc o cua tan so1MHz. Khi INT0 xuong thap th Timer ong cong va khoang thi gian cuaxung tnh bang s la s em c trong thanh ghi TL0/TH0.

Timer Operating Mode 1.

2.5. S khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi timer:

- Cac Timer c khi ong 1 lan au chng trnh e at mode hoatong cho chung. Sau o trong chng trnh cac Timer c bat au, c xoa,cac thanh ghi Timer c oc va cap nhat theo yeu cau cua tng ng dungcu the.

INTO (P3.2)

On Chip

Oscillato

r12 TL0 TH0 TF0

C/T

TR0

GATE

12 MHzT0 (P3.4)


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- Mode Timer TMOD la thanh ghi au tien c khi gan, bi v at

mode hoat ong cho cac Timer. V du khi ong cho Timer 1 hoat ong mode 1 (mode Timer 16bit) va c ghi gi bang dao ong tren Chip ta dunglenh : MOV TMOD, # 00001000B. Trong lenh nay M1 = 0, M0 = 1 e vaomode 1 va C/T = 0, GATE = 0 e cho phep ghi gi ben trong ong thi xoa cacbit mode cua Timer 0. Sau lenh tren Timer van cha em gi, no ch bat auem gi khi set bit ieu khien chay TR1 cua no.

- Neu ta khong khi gan gia tr au cho cac thanh ghi TLx/THx thTimer se bat au em t 0000Hlen va khi tran t FFFFH sang 0000H no se batau tran TFx roi tiep tuc em t 0000H len tiep . . .

- Neu ta khi gan gia tr au cho TLx/THx, th Timer se bat au em tgia tr khi gan o len nhng khi tran t FFFFH sang 0000H lai em t 0000Hlen.

- Chu y rang c tran TFx t ong c set bi phan cng sau moi stran va se c xoa bi phan mem. Chnh v vay ta co the lap trnh ch saumoi lan tran ta se xoa c TFx va quay vong lap khi gan cho TLx/THx eTimer luon luon bat au em t gia tr khi gan len theo y ta mong muon.

- ac biet nhng s khi gan nho hn 256 s, ta se goi mode Timer tong nap 8 bit cua mode 2. Sau khi khi gan gia tr au vao THx, khi set bitTRx th Timer se bat au em gia tr khi gan va khi tran t FFH sang 00H

trong TLx, c TFx t ong c set ong thi gia tr khi gan ma ta khi gancho Thx c nap t ong vao TLx va Timer lai c em t gia tr khi gannay len. Noi cach khac, sau moi tran ta khong can khi gan lai cho cac thanhghi Timer ma chung van em c lai t gia tr ban au.

- 3. CAC CHE O TIMER VA C TRAN (TIMER MODES ANDOVERFLOW):

- 8951 co 2 Timer la Timer 0 va timer 1. Ta dung ky hieu TLx va Thxe ch 2 thanh ghi byte thap va byte cao cua Timer 0 hoac Timer 1.

3.1. Mode Timer 13 bit (MODE 0) :

Overflow

- Mode 0 la mode Timer 13 bit, trong o byte cao cua Timer (Thx) cat thap va 5 bit trong so thap nhat cua byte thap Timer (TLx) at cao e hpthanh Timer 13 bit. 3 bit cao cua TLx khong dung.

TLx (5 bit) THx (8 bit) TFxTimer Clock


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3.2. Mode Timer 16 bit (MODE 1) :

- Mode 1 la mode Timer 16 bit, tng t nh mode 0 ngoai tr Timernay hoat ong nh mot Timer ay u 16 bit, xung clock c dung vi s kethp cac thanh ghi cao va thap (TLx, THx). Khi xung clock c nhan vao, boem Timer tang len 0000H, 0001H, 0002H, , va mot s tran se xuat hienkhi co s chuyen tren bo em Timer t FFFH sang 0000H va se set c tran

Time, sau o Timer em tiep.- C tran la bit TFx trong thanh ghi TCON ma no se c oc hoac ghi

bi phan mem.

- Bit co trong so ln nhat (MSB) cua gia tr trong thanh ghi Timer la bit7 cua THx va bit co trong so thap nhat (LSB) la bit 0 cua TLx. Bit LSB oitrang thai tan so clock vao c chia 216= 65.536.

- Cac thanh ghi Timer TLx va Thx co the c oc hoac ghi tai bat kythi iem nao bi phan mem.

3.3. Mode t ong nap 8 bit (MODE 2) :

Overflow

Reload

-Mode 2 la mode t ong nap 8 bit, byte thap TLx cua Timer hoat ongnh mot Timer 8 bit trong khi byte cao THx cua Timer gi gia tr Reload. Khibo em tran t FFH sang 00H, khong ch c tran c set ma gia tr trong THxcung c nap vao TLx : Bo em c tiep tuc t gia tr nay len en schuyen trang thai t FFH sang 00H ke tiep va c the tiep tuc. Mode nay thphu hp bi v cac s tran xuat hien cu the ma moi luc ngh thanh ghi TMODva THx c khi ong.

TLx (8 bit) THx (8 bit) TFxTimer Clock

Timer ClockTL x (8 bit) TFx

TH x (8 bit)


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3.4 Mode Timer tach ra (MODE 3) :

- Mode 3 la mode Timer tach ra va la s khac biet cho moi Timer.

- Timer 0 mode 3 c chia la 2 timer 8 bit. TL0 va TH0 hoat ongnh nhng Timer rieng le vi s tran se set cac bit TL0 va TF1 tng ng.

- Timer 1 b dng lai mode 3, nhng co the c khi ong bi viecngat no vao mot trong cac mode khac. Ch co nhc iem la c tran TF1 cuaTimer 1 khong b anh hng bi cac s tran cua Timer 1 bi v TF1 c noivi TH0.

- Mode 3 cung cap 1 Timer ngoai 8 bit la Timer th ba cua 8951. Khi

vao Timer 0 mode 3, Timer co the hoat ong hoac tat bi s ngat no ra ngoaiva vao trong mode cua chnh no hoac co the c dung bi Port noi tiep nh lamot may phat toc o Baud, hoac no co the dung trong hng nao o ma khongs dung Interrupt.V. HOAT ONG PORT NOI TIEP1. Gii thieu

8951 co mot port noi tiep trong chip co the hoat ong nhieu che o trenmot day tan so rong. Chc nang chu yeu la thc hien chuyen oi song songsang noi tiep vi d lieu xuat va chuyen oi noi tiep sang song song vi dlieu nhap.

Port noi tiep cho hoat ong song cong (full duplex: thu va phat ong thi)va em thu (receiver buffering) cho phep mot ky t se c thu va c gitrong khi ky t th hai c nhan. Neu CPU oc ky t th nhat trc khi ky tth hai c thu ay u th d lieu se khong b mat.

Hai thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho phep phan mem truy xuat en portnoi tiep la: SBUF va SCON. Bo em port noi tiep (SBUF) ia ch 99H nhand lieu e thu hoac phat. Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON) ia ch98H la thanh ghi co ia ch bit cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien.

TL1 (8 bit) TH1 (8 bit)

TL1 (8 bit)

TH0 (8 bit)

TF0

TF1

Timer Clock

Timer Clock

Timer Clock

Overflow


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Cac bit ieu khien at che o hoat ong cho port noi tiep, va cac bit trang thai

Bao cao ket thuc viec phat hoac thu ky t . Cac bit trang thai co the c kiemtra bang phan mem hoac co the lap trnh e tao ngat.

2. Cac thanh ghi va cac che o hoat ong cua port noi tiep:2.1. Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep:

Che o hoat ong cua port noi tiep c at bang cach ghi vao thanh ghiche o port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H .Sau ay cac ban tom tat thanh ghiSCON va cac che o cua port noi tiep:

BitKyhieu a ch Mo ta

SCON.7SCON.6SCON.5

SCON.4SCON.3

SCON.2SCON.1

SCON.0

SM0SM1SM3

RENTB8

RB8TI

RI

9FH9EH9DH

9CH9BH

9AH99H

98H

Bit 0 cua che o port noi tiep

Bit 1 cua che o port noi tiepBit 2 cua che o port noi tiep . Cho pheptruyen thong x ly trong cac che o 2 va 3,RI se khong b tac ong neu bit th 9 thuc la 0Cho phep bo thu phai c at len 1 e thucac ky tBit 8 phat, bit th 9 c phat trong che o 2va 3, c at va xoa bang phan mem.B it 8 thu, bit th 9 thu cC ngat phat. at len 1 khi ket thuc phat ky

t, c xoa bang phan memC ngat thu. at len 1 khi ket thuc thu ky t,c xoa bang phan mem

Tom tat thanh ghi che o port noi tiepSM0 SM1 Che o Mo ta Toc o baud001

1

010

1

012

3

Thanh ghi dchUART 8 bitUART 9 bit

UART 9 bit

Co nh (Fosc /12 )Thay oi ( at bang timer )Co nh (Fosc /12 hoac Fosc/64 )

Thay oi ( at bang timer )Cac che o port noi tiep

Trc khi s dung port noi tiep, phai khi ong SCON cho ung che o. Vdu, lenh sau:

MOV SCON, #01010010BKhi ong port noi tiep cho che o 1 (SM0/SM1=0/1), cho phep bo thu

(REN=1) va c ngat phat (TP=1) e bo phat san sang hoat ong.


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2.2. Che o 0 (Thanh ghi dch n 8 bit):

Che o 0 c chon bang cac thanh ghi cac bit 0 vao SM1 va SM2 cuaSCON, a port noi tiep vao che o thanh ghi dch 8bit. D lieu noi tiep vaova ra qua RXD va TXD xuat xung nhp dch, 8 bit c phat hoac thu vi bitau tien la LSB. Toc o baud co nh 1/12 tan so dao ong tren chip.

Viec phat i c khi ong bang bat c lenh nao ghi d lieu vao SBUF.D lieu dch ra ngoai tren ng RXD (P3.0) vi cac xung nhp c gi rang TXD (P3.1). Moi bit phat i hp le (tren RXD) trong mot chu ky may,tn hieu xung nhap xuong thap S3P1 va tr ve cao S6P1.

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2P1

ALE

I.

Viec thu c khi ong khi cho phep bo thu (REN) la 1 va bit ngatthu (RI) la 0. Quy tac tong quat la at REN khi bat au chng trnh e khiong port noi tiep, roi xoa RI e bat au nhan d lieu. Khi RI b xoa, cac xungnhp c a ra ng TXD, bat au chu ky may ke tiep va d lieu theo xung

Mot chu ky may

Data Out Bit Data Hp Le

Shift Clock S3P1 S6P1

Phong toWRITE to

SBUF

ALE

Data Out

RXD

Shift Clock

(TXD)Gian o thi gian Port noi tiep phat che

OSC


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nhp ng RXD. Lay xung nhp cho d lieu vao port noi tiep xay ra canh

ng cua TXD.Mot chu ky may

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6D7

2.3. Che o 1 (UART 8 bit vi toc o baud thay oi c): che o 1, port noi tiep cua 8951 lam viec nh mot UART 8 bit vi toc

o baud thay oi c. Mot UART (Bo thu phat ong bo van nang) la motdung cu thu phat d lieu noi tiep vi moi ky t d lieu i trc la bit start mc thap va theo sau bit stop mc cao. oi khi xen them bit kiem tra chan legia bit d lieu cuoi cung va bit stop. Hoat ong chu yeu cua UART la chuyenoi song song sang noi tiep vi d lieu nhap.

che o 1, 10 bit c phat tren TXD hoac thu tren RXD. Nhng bit ola: 1 bit start (luon luon la 0), 8 bit d lieu (LSB au tien) va 1 bit stop (luon

luon la 1). Vi hoat ong thu, bit stop c a vao RB8 trong SCON. Trong8951 che o baud c at bang toc o bao tran cua timer 1.Tao xung nhp va ong bo hoa cac thanh ghi dch cua port noi tiep trong

cac che o 1,2 va 3 c thiet lap bang bo em 4 bit chia cho 16, ngo ra laxung nhp toc o baud. Ngo vao cua bo em nay c chon qua phan mem

2.4. UART 9 bit vi toc o baud co nh (che o 2):Khi SM1=1 va SM0=0, cong noi tiep lam viec che o 2, nh mot

UART 9bit co toc o baud co nh, 11 bit se c phat hoac thu:1bit start, 8 bit

16

Xung nhp toc o baudThanh ghi dch port noi tiep

Gian o thi gian phat noi tiep che o 0

Data out

Shift clock

Toc o baud


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data, 1 bit data th 9 co the c lap trnh va 1 bit stop. Khi phat bit th 9 la

bat c g a c a vao TB8 trong SCON (co the la bit Parity) .Khi thu bitth 9 thu c se trong RB8. Toc o baud che o 2 la 1/32 hoac 1/16 tan sodao ong tren chip.2.5. UART 9 bit vi toc o baud thay oi c (che o 3):

Che o nay giong nh che o 2 ngoai tr toc o baud co the lap trnhc va c cung cap bi Timer.That ra cac che o 1, 2, 3 rat giong nhau.Cai khac biet la toc o baud (co nh trong che o 2, thay oi trong che o 1va 3) va so bit data (8 bit trong che o 1,9 trong che o 2 va 3).2.6. Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi cong noi tiep:

Cho Phep Thu

Bit cho phep bo thu (REN=Receiver Enable) Trong SCON phai c atlen 1bang phan mem e cho phep thu cac ky t thong thng thc hien viecnay au chng trnh khi khi ong cong noi tiep, timer Co the thc hienviec nay theo hai cach. Lenh:

SETB REN ; at REN len 1Hoac lenh

MOV SCON,#XXX1XXXXB ; at REN len 1 hoac xoa cac bitkhac tren SCON khi can (cac X phai la 0 hoac 1 e at che o lam viec)

Bit d lieu th 9:Bit d lieu th 9 can phat trong cac che o 2 va 3 phai c nap vao trong TB8bang phan mem. Bit d lieu th 9 thu c at RB8. Phan mem co the can

hoac khong can bit d lieu th 9, phu thuoc vao ac tnh ky thuat cua thiet bnoi tiep s dung (bit d lieu th 9 cung ong vai tro quan trong trong truyenthong a x ly )

Them 1 bit parity:Thng s dung bit d lieu th 9 e them parity vao ky t. Nh a nhan

xet chng trc, bit P trong t trang thai chng trnh (PSW) c at len 1hoac b xoa bi chu ky may e thiet lap kiem tra chan vi 8 bit trong thanh tchluy.

Cac c ngat:Hai c ngat thu va phat (RI va TI) trong SCON ong mot vai tro quan

trong trong truyen thong noi tiep dung 8951/8051. Ca hai bit c at len 1bang phan cng, nhng phai c xoa bang phan mem.2.7. Toc o baud port noi tiep

Nh a noi, toc o baud co nh cac che o 0 va 2. Trong che o 0 noluon luon la tan so dao ong tren chip c chia cho 12. Thong thng thachanh an nh tan so dao ong tren chip nhng cung co the s dung nguon xungnhp khac.


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Dao ong Xung nhptren chip toco baud

a. Che o 0

SMOD=0Dao ongtren chip SMOD=1

Dao ongtren chip

c. Che o 1 va 3Cac nguon tao xung nhp cho port noi tiep

Mac nhien sau khi reset he thong, toc o baud che o 2 la tan so bo daoong chia cho 64, toc o baud cung b anh hng bi 1 bit trong thanh ghi ieu

khien nguon cung cap (PCON) bit 7 cua PCON la bit SMOD. at bit SMODlen 1 lam gap oi toc o baud trong cac che o 1, 2 va 3. Trong che o 2, toco baud co the b gap oi t gia tr mac nhien cua 1/64 tan so dao ong(SMOD=0) en 1/32 tan so dao ong (SMOD=1)

V PCON khong c nh a ch theo bit, nen e at bit SMOD len 1can phai theo cac lenh sau:

MOV A,PCON ; lay gia tr hien thi cua PCONSETB ACC.7 ; at bit SMOD len 1MOV PCON,A ; ghi gia tr ngc ve PCONCac toc o baud trong cac che o 1 va 3 c xac nh bang toc o tran

cua timer 1. V timer hoat ong tan so tng oi cao, tran timer c chiathem cho 32 (hoac 16 neu SMOD =1 ) trc khi cung cap toc o xung nhp choport noi tiep.

3. To chc ngat trong 8051Vi ieu Khien co 5 nguon ngat:2 nguon ngat ngoai,2 ngat timer va 1 ngat Portnoi tiep, tat ca cac nguon ngat b cam sau khi reset he thong va cho phep biphan mem

Xung nhp toco baud

32

16

Xung nhp toco baud

12

64

32

b. Che o 2

SMOD=1

SMOD=


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3.1.Cho Phep va Khong Cho Phep Ngat

Moi nguon ngat c cho phep hoac khong cho phep thong quathanh ghi chc nang ac biet co cac bit c a ch hoa IE (Interrupt Enable)tai a ch 0A8H.BIT SYMBOL BIT ADDRESS DESCRIPTION

(1:ENABLE,0:DISABLE)IE.7IE.6IE.5IE.4IE.3

IE.2IE.1IE.0

EAEA

ET2ES

ET1

EX1ET0EX0

AFHAEHADHACHABH

AAHA9HA8H

Global Enable/DisableUndefinedEnable Timer 2 Interrupt (8052)Enable Serial Port InterruptEnable Timer 1 Interrupt

Enable External 1 InterruptEnable Timer 0 InterruptEnable External 0 Interrupt

3.2. VecT NgatKhi ngat c chap nhan gia tr c a vao PC (Program Counter) goi lavector ngat (Interrupt Vector)

INTERRUPT FLAG VECTOR ADDRESSSystem Reset

External 0

Timer 0External 1Timer 1Serial PortTimer 2

RSTIE0

TF0IE1TF1

RI OR TITF2 OR EXF2

0000 H0003 H

000B H0013 H001B H0023 H002B H

3.3. Ngat Port noi TiepNgat Port noi tiep xay ra khi ca 2 c ngat truyen (TI) hoac c ngat nhan

(RI) c at. Ngat truyen xay ra khi bit cuoi cung trong SBUF truyen xongtc la luc nay thanh ghi SBUF rong .Ngat nhan xay ra khi SBUF a hoan thanhviec nhan va ang i e oc tc la luc nay thanh ghi SBUF ay. Ca hai c

ngat nay c at bi phan cng va xoa bang phan mem.

VI. TAP LENH CUA 8952.Tap lenh 8952 co 255 lenh gom 139 lenh 1 byte, 92 lenh 2 byte va 24

lenh 3 byte.1. Cac che o anh a ch: trong tap lenh co 8 che o anh a ch:

a)Thanh ghi a ghi:


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8952 co 4 bank thanh ghi, moi bank co 8 thanh ghi 1nh so t R0 en

R7. Tai moi thi iem ch co mot bank thanh ghi c tch cc.

Ngoai ra, mot so thanh ghi ac biet nh thanh ghi tch luy ACC,B,DPTR.b)a ch trc tiep:

Trong che o nay, cac thanh ghi ben trong 8952 c anh a ch trctiep bang 8 bit a ch nam trong byte th hai cua ma lenh.

c)a ch gian tiep:R0 va R1 c dung e cha a ch o nh ma lenh tac ong en. ngi

ta quy c dung dau @ trc R0 hoac R1.

d)a ch tc thi:Ngi ta dung # trc cac toan hang tc thi. Cac toan hang o co the

la mot hang so, mot ky so hay mot bieu thc toan hoc...

e)a ch tng oi:a ch tng oi c dung trong cac lenh nhay 8952 dung gia tr 8 bit

co dau e cong them vao thanh ghi em chng trnh (PC). Tam nhay cua lenhnay trong khoang t 128 en 127 o nh. Trc khi cong , thanh ghi PC se tangen a ch theo sau lenh nhay roi tnh toan a ch offset can thiet e nhayen a ch yeu cau. Nh vay a ch mi la a ch tng oi so vi lenh ketiep ch khong phai la ban than lenh nhay. Thng lenh nay co lien quan ennhan c nh ngha trc.

n n nMa lenh

a ch thanh ghi

Ma lenh a ch trc tiep

a ch trc tiep

Ma lenh i

a ch gian tiep

Ma lenh Dlieu tc thi

a ch tc thi

a ch tng oi

Ma lenh Offset tng oi


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f)a ch tuyet oi:

a ch tuyet oi ch dung trong cac lenh ACALL va JIMP. Cac lenh 2byte nay dung e re nhanh vao mot trang 2 Kbyte cua bo nh trng trnhbang cach cap 11 bit a ch thap (A0-A10) e xac nh a ch ch trong trangma. Con 5 bit cao cua a ch ch (A11-A15) chnh la 5 bit cao hien hanh trongthanh ghi em chng trnh. V vay a ch cua lenh theo sau lenh re nhanh vaa ch ch cua lenh re nhanh va a ch ch cua lenh re nhanh can phai cungtrang ma 2 Kbyte (co cung 5 bit a ch cao).

g)a ch dai:a ch dai ch dung cho lenh LCALL va LJIMP. Cac lenh nay chiem 3

byte va dung 2 byte sau (byte 2 va byte 3) e nh a ch ch cua lenh (16bit). u iem cua lenh nay co the s dung trong toan bo vung nh 64 Kbyte.Tuy nhien, lenh nay chiem nhieu byte va le thuoc vao v tr vung nh.

h)a ch tham chieu:a ch tham chieu dung mot thanh ghi c ban (hoac thanh ghi em

chng trnh PC hoac thanh ghi con tro d lieu DPTR) va a ch offset (trongthanh ghi tch luy A) e tao a ch c tac ong cho cac lenh JMP hoac

MOVC. Cac bang nhay va bang tm kiem de dang c tao ra e s dung ach tham chieu

A15 A11 A10 A0

Xac nh trang ma xac nh a ch trong trang ma

Ma Offset tng oiA10-A8

a ch tu et oi

Ma lenh A15-A8 A7-A0

a ch dai

+PC hoac DPTR ACC =

a ch c tac ongOffseta ch c ban

a ch tham chieu


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2. Cac nhom lenh cua 8952:

Tap lenh cua 8952 c chia thanh 5 nhom:- So hoc.- Luan ly.- Chuyen d lieu.- Chuyen ieu khien.

a)Nhom lenh x ly so hoc:ADD A,Rn (1byte,1chu ky may): cong noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi AADD A,data (2,1): Cong trc tiep 1 byte vao thanh ghi A.ADD A,@Ri (1,1): Cong gian tiep noi dung RAM cha tai a ch c

khai bao trong Ri vao thanh ghi A.ADD A,#data (2,1):Cong d lieu tc thi vao A.ADD A,Rn (1,1): Cong thanh ghi va c nh vao A.ADD A,data (2,1): Cong trc tiep byte d lieu va c nh vao A.ADDC A,@Ri (1,1): Cong gian tiep noi dung RAM va c nh vao A.ADDC A,#data (2,1): Cong d lieu tc thi va c nh vao A.SUBB A,Rn (1,1): Tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung thanh ghi Rn

va c nh.SUBB A,data (2,1): Tr trc tiep A cho mot so va c nh.SUBB A,@Ri (1,1): Tr gian tiep A cho mot so va c nh.SUBB A,#data (2,1): Tr noi dung A cho mot so tc thi va c nh.INC A (1,1): Tang noi dung thanh ghi A len 1.

INC Rn (1,1): Tang noi dung thanh ghi Rn len 1.INC data (2,1): Tang d lieu trc tiep len 1.INC @Ri (1,1): Tang gian tiep noi dung vung RAM len 1.DEC A (1,1): Giam noi dung thanh ghi A xuong 1.DEC Rn (1,1): Giam noi dung thanh ghi Rn xuong 1.DEC data (2,1): Giam d lieu trc tiep xuong 1DEC @Ri (1,1): Giam gian tiep noi dung vung RAM xuong 1.INC DPTR (1,2): Tang noi dng con tro d lieu len 1.MUL AB (1,4): Nhan noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghiB.DIV AB (1,4): Chia noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung thanh ghi B.DA A (1,1,): hieu chnh thap phan thanh ghi A.

b)Nhom lenh luan ly:ANL A,Rn (1,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn.ANL A,data (2,1):AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu trc tiep.ANL A,@Ri (1,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu gian tiep

trong RAM.ANL A,#data (2,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi vi d lieu tc thi.


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ANL data,A (2,1): AND mot d lieu trc tiep vi A.

ANL data,#data (3,2): AND mot d lieu trc tiep vi A mot d lieu tc thi.ANL C,bit (2,2):AND c nh vi 1 bit trc tiep.ANL C,/bit (2,2): AND c nh vi bu 1 bit trc tiep.ORL A,Rn (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn.ORL A,data (2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu trc tiep.ORL A,@Ri (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu gian tiep.ORL A,#data (2,1):OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu tc thi.ORL data,A (2,1): OR mot d lieu trc tiep vi thanh ghi A.ORL data,#data (3,1):OR mot d lieu trc tiep vi mot d lieu tc thi.ORL C,bit (2,2): OR c nh vi mot bit trc tiep.ORL C,/bit (2,2): OR c nh vi bu cua mot bit trc tiep.XRL A,Rn (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn.XRL A,data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mo d lieu trc tiep.XRL A,@Ri (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu gian tiep.XRL A,#data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mo d lieu tc thi.XRL data,A (2,1): XOR mot d lieu trc tiep vi thanh ghi A.XRL dara,#data (3,1): XOR mot d lieu trc tiep vi mot d lieu tc thi.SETB C (1,1): at c nh.SETB bit (2,1): at mot bit trc tiep.CLR A (1,1): Xoa thanh ghi A.CLR C (1,1): Xoa c nh.

CPL A (1,1): Bu noi dung thanh ghi A.CPL C (1,1): Bu c nh.CPL bit (2,1): Bu mot bit trc tiep.RL A (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A.RLC A (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A qua c nh.RR A (1,1): Quay phai noi dung thanh ghi A.RRC A (1,1): Quay phai noi dung thanh ghi A qua c nh.SWAP (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A 1 nibble (1/2byte).

c) Nhom lenh chuyen d lieu:MOV A,Rn (1,1):Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A.MOV A,data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao thanh ghi A.MOV A,@Ri (1,1): Chuyen d lieu gian tiep vao thanh ghi A.MOV A,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi A.MOV Rn,data (2,2): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao thanh ghi Rn.MOV Rn,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi Rn.MOV data,A (2,1): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A vao d lieu trc tiep.


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MOV data,Rn (2,2):Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi Rn vaod lieu trc tiep.

MOV data,@Ri (2,2): Chuyen mot d lieu gian tiep vao d lieu gian tiep.MOV @Ri,A (1,1): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A vao d lieu gian tiep.MOV @Ri,data (2,2): Chuyen mot d lieu trc tiep vao d lieu gian tiep.MOV @Ri,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao d lieu gian tiep.MOV DPTR,#data (3,2): Chuyen mot hang 16 bit vao thanh ghi DPTR.MOV C,bit (2,1): Chuyen mot bit trc tiep vao c nh.MOV bit,C (2,2): Chuyen c nh vao mot bit trc tiep.MOV A,@A+DPTR (1,2): Chuyen byte bo nh chng trnh co a ch la@A+DPRT vao thanh ghi A.MOVC A,@A+PC (1,2): Chuyen byte bo nh chng trnh co a ch la@A+PC vao thanh ghi A.MOV A,@Ri (1,2): Chuyen d lieu ngoai (8 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A.MOVX A,@DPTR (1,2): Chuyen d lieu ngoai (16 bit a ch) vao A.MOVX @Ri,A (1,2): Chuyen noi dung A ra d lieu ngoai (8 bit a ch).MOVX @DPTR,A (1,2): Chuyen noi dung A ra d lieu ngoai (16 bit a ch).PUSH data (2,2) : Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao ngan xep va tang SP.POP data (2,2) : Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao ngan xep va giam SP.XCH A,Rn (1,1) : Trao oi d lieu gia thanh ghi Rn v2 thanh ghi A.XCH A,data (2,1) : Trao oi gia thanh ghi A va mot d lieu trc tiep.XCH A,@Ri (1,1) : Trao oi gia thanh ghi A va mot d lieu gian tiep.XCHD A,@R (1,1) : Trao oi gia nibble thap (LSN) cua thanh ghi A va LSN

cua d lieu gian tiep.d) Nhom lenh chuyen ieu khien:ACALL addr11 (2,2): Goi chng trnh con dung a ch tuyet oi.LCALL addr16 (3,2): Goi chng trnh con dung a ch dai.RET (1,2): Tr ve t lenh goi chng trnh con.RETI (1,2): Tr ve t lenh goi ngat.AJMP addr11 (2,2): Nhay tuyet oi.LJMP addr16 (3,2): Nhay dai.SJMP rel (2,2):Nhay ngan.JMP @A+DPTR (1,2): Nhay gian tiep t con tro d lieu.JZ rel (2,2): Nhay neu A=0.JNZ rel (2,2): Nhay neu A khong bang 0.JC rel (2,2): Nhay neu c nh c at.JNC rel (2,2): Nhay neu c nh khong c at.JB bit,rel (3,2): Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep c at.JNB bit,rel (3,2):Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep khong c at.JBC bit,rel (3,2):Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep c at,roi xoa bit.


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CJNE A,data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu trc tiep vi A va nhay neu khong

bang.CJNE A,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi A va nhay neu khong

bang.CJNE Rn,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn va

nhay neu khong bang.CJNE @Ri,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi d lieu gian tiep vanhay neu khong bang.DJNZ Rn,rel (2,2): Gian thanh ghi Rn va nhay neu khong bang.DJNZ data,rel (3,2): Giam d lieu trc tiep va nhay neu khong bang.

Chng IV:M RONG PORT DUNG PII 8255

I CAU TRUC PHAN CNG 8255A:8255A la IC ngoai vi c che tao theo cong nghe LSI dung e giao tiep

song song gia Microprocrssor va thiet b ieu khien ben ngoai.

PA3

PA2

PA1

RD\

CS\

GND

PA4

PA7

WR\

RESET

PA0

DO

1

2

4

5

6

7

37

36

33

3

8255A

8A1

40

35

39

34

D1

PA5

PA6

9

3110

32

38

A0

PC7

D2

D3

8255A

(PDIP)

TOP VIEW

PIN OUTS

PA7-PA0

PC7-PC4

D0-D7

RD\


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Ten cac chan 8255A:D7D0: Data bus (Bi-Direction).RESET Reset input.CS\ Chip : selectRD\ Read : inputWR\ Write : inputA0A1: Prot AddressPA7PA0 : Port APB7PB0 : Port BPC7PC0 : Port C

8255A giao tiep vi Microprocrssor thong qua 3 bus : bus d lieu bitD7D0bus a ch A1A0, bus ieu khien RD\,WR\.SC\.Reset.Ma lenh, thong tin trang thai va d lieu eu truyen tren 8 ng d

lieu D7D0. Microprocrssor gi d lieu en 8255A hoac Microprocrssor oc dlieu t 8255A tuy thuoc vao lenh dieu khien. Cac ng tn hieu RD\,WR\ cua8255A c ket noi vi cac ng RD\, WR\ cua Microprocrssor.

Tn hieu Reset dung e khi ong 8255A khi cap ien, khi b Reset cacthanh ghi ben trong cua 8255A eu b xoa va 8255A trang thai san sang lam


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viec. Khi giao tiep vi Microprocrssor, ngo vao tn hieu Reset nay c ket

noi tn hieu Reset Out cua Microprocrssor.Tn hieu Chip select CS\ dung e la chon 8255A khi Microprocrssor,

giao tiep vi nhieu 8255A.8255A co 3 Port xuat nhap (I/O) co ten la Port A,Port B, Port C, moi Port8255A bit. Port A gom PA0-PA7, Port B gom PB0-PB7, Port C gom cac bit PC0-PC7. Cac Port nay co the la cac Port Input hay Output tuy thuoc vao lenh ieukhien, lenh ieu khien do Microprocrssor gi en cha trong thanh ghi lenh(con goi la thanh ghi ieu khien) e ieu khien 8255A .cac ng a ch A1A0 cua 8255A dung e la chon cac Port va thanh ghiA1A0=002dung e chon Port A, A1A0=012dung e chon Port B, A1A0=102dunge chon Port C, A

1A

0=11

2dung e chon thanh ghi ieu khien.

Trong s o khoi cua 8255A , cac Port I/O cua 8255A chia ra lam 2nhom : nhom A gom Port A va bit cao cua Port C,nhom B gom Port B va 4 bitthap cua Port C. e s dung cac Port cua 8255A ngi lap trnh phai gi tieu khien ra thanh ghi ieu khien e 8255A nh cau hnh cho cac Port ungtheo yeu cau ma ngi lap trnh mong muon.NHOM A NHOM BD7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0MODESELECTION

1:ACTIVE

MODESELECTION00:MODE 0

01:MODE 11X:MODE2

Port A1:INPUT0:OUTPUT

Port C1:INPUT0:OUTPUT

MODESELECTION

1:MODE10:MODE0

Port B1:INPUT

0:OUTPUT

Port C1:INPUT

0:OUTPUT

Cau truc t ieu khien cua 8255A.

II. CAU TRUC PHAN MEM CUA 8255.Do cac Port ra cua 8255A c chia ra lam 2 nhom A va nhom B tach

ri nen t ieu khien cua 8255A cung c chia lam 2 nhom.Cac bit D2D1D0dung e nh cau hnh cho nhom B:

Bit D0dung e thiet lap 4 bit thap cua Port C, D0=0 Port C xuatd lieu (output), D0=1 Port thap la port nhap d lieu (Input).Bit D1dung e thiet lap Port B , D1=0- Port B la Port xuat d lieu

(output), D1=1 Port B la Port nhap d lieu (input).Bit D2dung e thiet lap Mode ieu khien cua nhom B: D2=0: nhom B hoat ong modem 0. D2=1: nhom B hoat ong modem 1.


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Cac bit D6D5D4D3dung e nh cau hnh cho nhom A:

Bit D3dung e thiet lap 4 bit cao cua Port C, D 3=0-Port C la Portxuat d lieu (output),D3=1 Port C la Port nhap d lieu (input).

Bit D4dung e thiet lap Port A, D4=0- Port A la Port xuat d lieu(output), D4=1-Port A la Port nhap d lieu (input).

Bit D6D5dung e thiet lap Mode ieu khien cua nhom B: D6D5=00:nhom A hoat ong modem 0. D6D5=01: nhom A hoat ong modem 1. D6D5=1x: nhom A hoat ong modem 2.

III. GIAO TIEP GIA VI X L VI 8255A .- Vi mach 8255A co the giao tiep vi vi x ly theo hai kieu xuat nhap (I/O)

va kieu bo nh.- Khi vi x ly giao tiep vi 8255A. Theo kieu I/O th no ch dung 8255A

ng a ch t A0en A7, con khi giao tiep theo kieu bo nh th no dung16 ng A0en A15e giao tiep, v vay dung lng giao tiep theo kieu I/Othap hn dung lng giao tiep theo kieu bo nh.

1.Giao tiep kieu I/O.Khi thiet ke vi x lygiao tiep vi 8255A theo kieu I/O th viec giao

tiep thong qua hai lenh: In addr Port va Out addr Port. D lieu giao tiepluon cha trong thanh ghi A, a ch port(addr port) co o dai 8255A bit.

Cung giong nh bo nh. Vi x ly co the giao tiep vi nhieu vi mach8255A. Vi 8255A bit a ch, neu xem moi mot a ch truy xuat mot o nh

th vi x ly co kha nang truy xuat 255 o nh(vi 256 a ch). Moi vi mach8255A chiem 4 a ch 93 port va 1 thanh ghi ieu khien, nen so lng vi mach8255A co the giao tiep vi vi x ly la 64.

Khi ket noi gia vi x ly va vi mach 8255A th ng a ch A0va A1dung e la chon cac cong va thanh ghi ieu khien, con cac ng A 2-A7dunge la chon vi mach hoat ong, thong thng cac ng a ch nay c avao vi mach giai ma roi cac ngo ra cua vi mach giai ma se a chan CS\ cuacac vi mach 8255A.

V du: thiet ke 2 vi mach 8255 A giao tiep vi vi x ly theo kieu I/O. Taco bang a ch cac vi mach 8255A.

IC A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 HEX8255I 0

000

00

00

00

00

01

01

0003

8255II 00

00

00

00

00

11

01

01

0407


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8255I chiem 1 vung a ch t 00Hen 03H a ch cua port A=00H, port

B=01H,port C=02Hva a ch cua thanh ghi ieu khien =03H.8255-I chiem mot vung a ch t 04H en 07H, a ch cua: port

A=04H, port B=05H, port C=06H va a ch cua thanh ghi ieu khien=07H.2.Giao tiep kieu bo nh.

Khi thiet ke giao tiep 8255 vi vi x ly theo kieu bo nh; ve chc nangcua 8255 khong co g thay oi ch thay oi ve a ch truy xuat. Kieu I/O, ach cua port hay thanh ghi co o dai 8255A bit, kieu bo nh, a ch cua porthay thanh ghi se co o dai 16 bit giong nh bo nh nen goi la kieu bo nh.

Khi thiet ke IO theo kieu bo nh th moi port hay thanh ghi ieu khiencua 8255, c xem la tng o nh. Khi o vi x ly giao tiep vi 8255 giongnh bo nh va 2 lenh IN va OUT khong con tac dung.

Kieu bo nh ch s dung trong cac he thong nho n gian.

3.ng dung cua 8255:

IC giao tiep IO 825 co rat nhieu ng dung trong cac he thong ieu khiendung MicroProcessor, 8255 ong vai tro la IC giao tiep gia MicroProcessor vaoi tng ieu khien.

Cac ng dung cua 8255 la truyen d lieu, giai ma hien th, giai ma banphm, giao tiep ieu khien tuy theo yeu cau.

+5VDATA

MicroProcessor

CONTROL BUS

D7-D0

WR\ WR\ WR\

RD\ RD\ RD\

CS\ CS\ CS\

8255A 1 8255A 28255A 8

A1-A0

a en ngo vao CS\ cua cac 8255A

ABC

E0E1E2

O0O1O2O3O4O5O6O7

Giao tiep IC8255A vi Microprocessor.


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Chng vTHIET KE MACH

Ngay nay cong nghe vi x ly phat trien , cac mach so a c tch hpthanh nhng vi x ly nho a chc nang v the viec thiet ke cac bo ieu khiendung trong ky thuat ieu khien tr nen de dang hn ,va cac bo vi x ly nayngay cang c pho bien rong rai ,va gia thanh khong cao.

Cac bo ieu khien so co nhieu u iem hn so vi cac bo ieu khientng t. o la s thch hp cao ve phan cng, tan dung kha nang lap trnh ieunay lam giam gia thanh cho san pham.Khi muon thay oi oi tng ieu khienth chung ta ch can lap trnh lai cho phu hp vi oi tng can ieu khien,viec thay oi chng trnh ieu khien la chung ta ch can thiep vao phan memieu nay th de dang hn la can thiep vao phan cng va cung ton kem hnv e cho phu hp vi oi tng ma chung ta can ieu khien th chung ta phaithiet ke lai phan cng cho tng thch .Ngoai ra viec ieu khien cac oi tngthng da vao cac nh luat toan hoc ,vat ly do o viec thay oi phan memth hieu qua hn va o cnh xac cao hn

Ngay nay cong nghe may tnh rat phat trien ,chung ta khong ch muonieu khien cac oi tng ma con muon thu thap cac d lieu cua oi tng lucac thong tin nay lai e so sanh va co bien phap khac phuc cac nhc iemcua he thong e em lai ket qua cao nhat ,ieu nay cung tr nen n gian v

cac vi x ly co the lap trnh c cho phep chung ta thc hien c mongmuon .Ngoai ra cac may tnh so con co the ieu khien nhieu oi tng, nhieu

qua trnh trong cung mot luc bang cach phan kenh ieu nay cung c canthiep bang phan mem.


55/84



Hinh 2: s o s lc he thong ieu khien o dung MC8952

Trong trng hp s dung vi ieu khien 8952 e tao bo ieu khien nhieto. e tng thch ve mat s dung vi cac bo ieu khien PID so trong congnghiep, d lieu ve nhiet o at se c nhap t ban phm va lu tr trongRAM, d lieu nay se c bo ieu khien so truy cap moi chu ky ieu khiene tnh toan ieu khien. Do o he thong ieu khien nhiet o nay l;a mot dangcua he thong ieu khien so hnh 1a. T o ta co the hnh dung he thong naymot cach s lc nh tren hnh 2.

Tuy nhien e thc hien tot qua trnh giao tiep gia ngi va bo ieukhien, he thong can phai co mot bo hien th e trnh bay cac d lieu ma ngis dung can, va mot ban phm e ngi s dung co the nhap cac lenh va cac

thong so can thiet cho qua trnh ieu khien.Cac chng tiep theo trong phan nay se lan lt trnh cach thc tnhtoan, thiet ke cac khau cua he thong: bo x ly trung tam dung MC8952 CARDthu thap d lieu, card ieu khien cong suat, ban phm va khoi hien th ongthi trnh bay cach thc tnh toan suy luan va ;lap chng trnh quan ly va ieukhien he thong.

Nhan d lieu ve

ADC

LO IEN

Khuyechai

Nhiet o at

Bo X LyTrung Tam

Machcong suat

Giao Tiep ieu khien

DATA BUS

AC

CAM BIEN


56/84



I/ GII THIEU VE CAC LINH KIEN CHNH TRONG MACH:

MICROCONTROLLER 8952: chc nang cua IC 8952 giong nh chcnang cua 8951nhng c cai tien hn 8951la co them timer 2 ,co dung lngbo nh chng trnh la 8K,c them 128 byte ram .Nen phan nay em ch giithieu them ve timer 2 cua 8952 ,cac dac tnh con lai em a gii thieu ku chng II cua phan gii thieu ve ly thuyet

RAM 6264:RAM 6264 co cau truc 8 KB * 8 Bit co kha nang nap va xoa d lieu

nhieu lan mot cach de dang, nhng d lieu nay co ngay se b mat khi ngatnguon cung cap. Ram nay co the c lap vao mach khi can en bo nh dlieu ngoai va co the bo khi khong can thiet.

Cac chan cua 6264:+ Cac chan a ch A0 A12: nh v c 8KB.+ Cac chan d lieu DO D7: Cho phep xuat, nhap data 8 bit. Qua trnh

xuat d lieu 8bit c ieu khien bi cac chan /CS1 va /OE. Qua trnh nhapd lieu nay c ieu khien bi cac chan /CS2 va /WE.

U8

MCM6264

109876543

25242123

2

20262722

1112131516171819

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

A8A9A10A11A12

CS1CS2WEOE

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

+ Chan /CS1: Tch cc mc 0 cho phep EPROM lam viec. Khi chan nay

mc 1 EPROM che o standby.+ Chan /CS2: Tch cc mc 1 cho phep EPROM lam viec khi chan nay

mc 1 EPROM che o Standby. Trong ng dung nay chan nay c keolen 1.

+ Chan /OE: Tch cc mc 0 cho phep xuat d lieu ra cac chanDO D7.

+ Chan /We: Tch cc mc 0 cho phep nhap d lieu vao cac chan DO D7 e lu vao RAM.


57/84



IC 74LS573 : La thanh ghi chot 8 bit khi truy xuat bo nh ngoai. No

gom 8 D-FF co ngo ra 3 trang thai c ieu khien chot va xuat d lieu bangchan G va chan /OC.

IC 74LS245:La bo em d lieu hai chieu 3 trang thai co the ieu khien c. No

c dung e em d lieu vao ra trc khi qua bus 34 chan.Cac chan cua IC 74LS245:

U3

74LS245/SO

2345

6789

191

18171615

14131211

A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8

GDI R

B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8

+ Cac chan d lieu A1 A8 va B1B8: La hai ngo Data 8bit. Qua trnh

em d lieu qua lai gia hai ngo nay c ieu khien bi hai chan /G va DIR.+Chan /G: Tch cc mc 0 cho phep bo em hoat ong.+Chan /DIR: Khi bo em trong trang thai hoat ong, neu chan DIR

mc logic 1 th d lieu cac chan A1 A8 se c em sang cac chan B1B8. Con neu chan DIR mc logic 0 th d lieu se c em theo chieu ngclai.

IC74LS244:La bo em 1 chieu 3 trang thai gom 2 bo em rieng re. Khi chan /1G mc 0 th d lieu mc chan ngo vao 1A11A4 se c em sang cac

U2

74HC573111

20

1918171615141312

23456789

10

OELE

VCC1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q

1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D

GND


58/84



U1MOC3020

1

2

6

4

chan 1Y11Y4. Con khi chan /2G mc 0 th d lieu cac chan ngo vao2A1 2A4 se c em sang cac chan 2Y12Y4. Trng hp ca hai chan

/1G va /2G eu mc 1 th bo em khong c kch hoat.

U2

74LS244

2468

11131517

119

181614129753

1A11A21A31A42A12A22A32A4

1G2G

1Y11Y21Y31Y42Y12Y22Y32Y4

Max232U3

MAX232

138111013

4526

129

147

15

1

R1INR2INT1INT2IN

C+

C1-C2+C2-V+V-

R1OUTR2OUTT1OUTT2OUT

GND

VCC

Triac :la thiet b co kha nang khoa 2 chieu,tr nen dan ien (t nhan 6 sangchan 4) khico dong kch(chan 3)va no se ngng dan khi dong kch qua no ve 0

ac iem triac gom 2 SCR mac oi song,c che tao vi dong nh

mc ln,cong suat ieu khien be

Optron triac: ho moc cua Motorola

Q1TRIAC3

1

2


59/84



Optron triac co kha nang ieu khien khi ap chan 1 va chan 1 qua

zero se kch ong cho dong qua chan 6 en chan 4,optron triac co tan soong ngat ln,co kha nang kethp vi cac thiet b ien t khac

ien ap cho phep Dong kch Thiet b250v 30 Moc3009250v 15 Moc3010250v 10 Moc3011400v 30 Moc3020400v 15 Moc3021

II/ THIET KE KIT VI X LY 8952La bo x ly trung tam cua bo ieu khien ,co the thch ng vi nhieu ng

dung khac nhau do chng trnh ma no cha nh : ieu khien ong c motchieu,ieu khien nhieto , ieu khien thiet b bao chay Co nhiem vu x lycac so lieu cua bo ieu khien ,giao tiep vi cac thiet b ngoai vi,giao tiep maytnh

Do o kit vi x ly 8952 c thiet ke la kit vi x ly van nang co s onguyen ly nh tren hnh trang ke vi cac tnh nang sau:

+Dung e o va ieu khien nhiet o .KIT co the hoat ong ieu khiennhiet o theo ac tuyen nam ngang hoac ac tuyen theo ham nac vi so bcco the thay oi theo c nhap trong qua trnh nhap gia tr ieu khien ,lngnhiet o thay oi theo moi bc ,thi gian ,va thi gian thay oi moi bc .Trong kit chung ta co the la chon phng phap ieu khien :

+ ieu khien theo phng phap PID cho ra o boc lo be ,thi gian tienti xac lap nhanh .Tuy nhien phai tnh toan cac thong so PID chnh xac cackhau hieu chnh PID phu thuoc rat nhieu vao oi

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