Thương mại điện tử - 2

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Bi 2: C s h tng ca thng mi in t

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BI 2: CSH TNG CA THNG MI IN T

Thng mi in t hiu mt cch ngin chnh l vic tin hnh cc hot ng

thng mi bng cc phng tin in tc s dng n cc cng c thanh tonin t trn mi trng Internet. Chnh vvy pht trin thng mi in t phixy dng v pht trin mt c sh tngk thut hay chnh l xy dng xngsng cho thng mi in t. Xy dngcsh tng k thut thng mi in t

bao gm xy dng v pht trin mng

Internet, cng c thanh ton trc tuyn,c bit quan tm ti xy dng c s htng bo mt trong thng mi in t.

Ngoi ra y l mt lnh vc hon tonmi nhng li pht trin nhanh nn bncnh xy dng csh tng k thut cn

phi t p trung xy dng c s h tngphp l nhm to hnh lang cho pht trinthng mi in t.

Mc tiu Ni dung

Sau khi hc xong bi hc, bn s nm c:

Csh tng lut php: Bao gm lut muv thng mi in t UNCITRAL y lngun lut u tin ca t chc quc t vl ngun lut mu cho xy dng cc ngunlut ca cc quc gia trn th gii; Lut chk in t v mt s tp qun thng mi.

Csh tng k thut: Internet, intranel,extranel, world wide web.

C sh tng thanh ton: C sh tngth thanh ton, cc gii php thanh ton

Bo mt trong thng mi in t

Thi lng hc

5 tit

Csh tng php l Lut v thng mi in t Lut v ch k in t Tp qun v thng mi in t Quyn shu tr tu Csh tng k thut Internet Intranet Extranet World wide web Csh tng thanh ton Bo mt trong thng mi in t

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TNH HUNG KHI NG BI

Tnh hung: Li ch ca mng Extranet ca General Motor

GM l cng ty hng u th gii v sn xut xe t. Nhngyu cu chi tit v nguyn liu cn thit sc gi bngemail ti cc nh cung cp tim nng, cc nh cung cp nysau sa ra gi thu, v GM s la chn ngi thngnu nh cung cp a ra gi thp. Nu tt c cc gi thuu qu cao, vng mi thu th hai hoc th ba sc mra. Trong vi trng hp, qu trnh ny ko di hng tun,thm ch hng thng trc khi GM tin rng t c mthp ng tt nht c v gi c v cht lng. Nhng chi phchun b cho vic ra gi thu khin nhiu nh thu khngtha ra li mi, do vic s lng nh cung cp tham

gia t hn s lng ti u dn ti vic GM s phi tr gi cao hn. gii quyt vn lin kt gia cc nh phn phi v cung cp, GM thit lp mt h thngExtranet c gi l ANX (Automotive Network Exchange). H thng ANX - c cc nh snxut t khc ng h pht trin thnh website trao i gia cc consortium covisint.com.

Trong phin bn u gi ngc online u tin, GM mua c mt lng ln ti kh bng caosu dng cho t. Gi GM phi tr thp hn gi cng ty tr cho sn phm tng t trc kia

bng hnh thc u thu truyn thng.

Cu hiLi ch m General Motor c khi s dng mng Extranet?

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2.1. C s h tng php lThng mi in t ngy cng pht trin th yu cu xy dng csphp l li ngycng c p thit m bo cho pht trin thng mi in t c bn vng.UNCITRAL, WIPO v y ban Chu u l nhng t chc nng ng trong vic ban

hnh cc lut mu, vn bn quy phm v hng dn quc t lin quan ti hot ngthng mi in t.

2.1.1. Lut v thng mi in tLut mu v thng mi in t(Model Law on Electronic Commerce)

Lut mu v Thng mi in tc y ban Lin hip quc v Lut thng miquc t (UNCITRAL) ban hnh vo ngy 12/06/1996 v c sa i b sungiu 5 vo nm 1998. Lut mu thng mi in t UNCITRAL ban hnh nhmmc ch n gin ha cc hot ng thng mi in t bng cch cung cp ccqui nh v lut php c chp thun rng ri trn qui m quc t v c thc ccquc gia s dng trong vic ci thin h thng lut php trong mi trng in t.

Mc tiu ca lut mu v thng mi in t lgip cc quc gia hon thin csphp l cho ccgiao dch in t cng nhng vai tr l ngunlut tham kho gii thch cho cc cng c quct v l cng c gii quyt cc tranh chp tronglnh vc thng mi in t. Tt c cc quc giacn xem vic s dng lut mu nh ti liu thamkho trc khi ban hnh cc o lut mi hoc sai cc quy nh hin hnh, phi tnh n s cnthit phi m bo s thng nht ca cc quy nh

php lut v s dng cc phng tin truyn thng v lu gi thng tin mi thayth cho cc ti liu bng giy.

Lut mu c chia lm hai phn vi 17 iu khon:o Phn I l nhng vn chung ca thng mi in t, bao gm 15 iu, c

phn b trong 3 chng.

Chng I gm 4 iu a ra cc iu khon chung nha ra cc lnh vcng dng, cc nh ngha v thng mi in t, cng nh vic p dngtheo tng hp ng c th.

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Chng II gm 6 iu v vic p dng cc qui nh lut php i vi thngip d liu. Trong , iu 5 l cng nhn php l i vi cc thng ipd liu.

Chng III gm 5 iu cp ti vic trao i cc thng ip d liu.o Phn II ni v thng mi in t trong tng lnh vc c th gm 2 iu lin quan

ti vic chuyn chhng ha. iu 16 quy nh cc hnh vi lin quan n hpng vn ti hng ho, iu 17 lin quan ti cc chng t vn chuyn hng ho.

Cc ngun lut v thng mi in tca EU

Xt v tc pht trin v ng dng thng miin t trn th gii th lin minh Chu u ngngay sau M, g khng l trong lnh vc thngmi in t. Cc quc gia trong lin minh Chu u c nhng o lut thng mi in t ring caquc gia mnh.

Ngy 8/6/2000 lin minh Chu u c ban hnh mtch th v thng mi in t s 2000/31/EC. Mcch ca vic ban hnh ch th l nhm thng nht h thng lut php ca cc ncthnh vin thc y hot ng thng mi gia cc quc gia thnh vin.

Lut thng nht v giao dch in tca M (UETA)

Lut thng nht v giao dch in t ca M gm c 21 iu khon iu chnh cc vn v bn ghi in t v ch k in t; hp ng in t, trng ti; bn gc; thi giannhn gi cc cc bn ghi in t; vai tr ca cquan chnh ph trong vic chp nhnhay cm.

Lut giao dch in tca Vit Nam Theo xu th pht trin thng mi in t ca cc quc gia v khu vc, vo cui

nm 2005, Vit Nam cng ban hnh Lut giao dch in t. Lut giao dch in tca Vit Nam cp ti: Gi tr php l ca thng ip d liu in t, gi tr

php l ca ch k in t v chng tin t; hp ng in t; giao dch in tca cc cquan nh nc; bo mt, an ton, an ninh; shu tr tu trong giao dchin t thuc cc lnh vc dn s, thng mi, hnh chnh v cc lnh vc khc.

Lut giao dch in t Vit Nam gm 8 chng, 54 iu. Trong iu 4 ca lutgiao dch in t a ra mt snh ngha:

Giao dch in t l cc giao dch bng cc phng tin in t trong Phng tin in tl phng tin hotng da trn cng nghin, in t,k thut s, t tnh, truyn dn khng dy, quang hc, in t hoc cng nghtng t. Lut giao dch in t nm 2005 ln u tin chp nhn gi tr php lca cc thng ip d liu in t v chng t in t. Theo lut giao dch:Thngip dliu l thng tin c to ra, c gi i, c nhn v c lutrbng phng tin in t.

Sau khi Lut giao dch in ti vo hiu lc c 3 thng th Vit Nam ban hnhNghnh s 57/2006/N-CP vo ngy 9/6/2006. Nghnh 57 tha nhn chngtin t c gi tr php l tng ng vi chng t truyn thng trong vic giaokt, thc hin hp ng. Nghnh ny l csgii quyt cc tranh chp, bo vhp php cc bn tham gia vo cc hot ng thng mi in t.

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Ngoi Lut giao dch in t v Nghnh v thng mi in t, Vit Nam cnban hnh mt s nghnh iu chnh chi tit cho tng lnh vc trong qu trnhtrin khai hot ng thng mi in t nh: Nghnh s 27/2007/N-CP vgiao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh v Nghnh s 35/2007/N-CP vgiao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng cng mt s cc thng t nhm

hng dn chi tit cho tng hot ng lnh vc trong hot ng giao dch in t .

2.1.2. Lut v chk in t Lut mu v ch k in tc y ban Lin hip

quc v Lut thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL) ban hnh vo ngy 5/7/2001. Mc ch ca vic ban hnh Lut mu ch k in t l nhm mcch em li mt khun kh php l iu chnh ivi vic s dng ch k in t.

Lut mu v ch k in t l tiu chun nh gik thut gia ch k in t v ch k vit tay.Lut mu c cch tip cn vi cc vn cng ngh mt cch trung lp, trnh sdng nhng t ng k thut chuyn ngnh. Lut mu cn l cc qui nh cbn xc nh trch nhim v ngha v ca ngi k, ngi nhn v bn th ba tham giavo qu trnh k in t.

Lut mu ch k in tc xy dng trn nn tng iu 7 ca Lut mu vthng mi in t ca UNCITRAL. Lut mu v ch k in t gm 12 iukhon. Theo th Chk in tl cc dliu di dngin t, c k hocc lin quan mt cch logic ti cc thngip d liu, ch k in t dng

nhn ra ngi k thngip d liu hoc snht tr ca ngi k trong thngip dliu [iu 2].

Theo Lut ch k in t ca M, nh ngha ch k in t mt cch chi tit l:Ch k in t l m thanh, hnh nh hay qu trnh, c gn v c lin quan tihp ng hoc bt c bn ghi v c k hay ghi bi mt ngi.

Ch k in t hn ch k vit tay ch n c thc s dng bi c nhn hoccquan thm nh nhn ra ai l ngi gi thng ip hoc ai l ngi k vothng ip. Ch k s ch l mt phn ca ch k in t.

Ch

Th nht, Lut mu v ch k in t cung cp cc tiu chun nhn ra u l chk in t v mt php l m khng quan tm ti cng nghc s dng.

Th hai, Lut mu ch k in t khng gii quyt cc vn lin quan ti trch nhimca cc bn tham gia vo h thng k in t. Vic quy trch nhim cho cc bn sc p dng theo cc vn bn lut php khc. Lut mu cha ra cc tiu chun nh gi vic tham gia ca cc bn, bao gm ngi k, cquan cung cp dch v chngthc, bn xc thc.

Th ba, quan trng nht, Lut mu ny khng nh rng ch k in t c chc nngtng ng ch k vit tay.

Lut mu v ch k in t l ngun lut tham kho chung cho cc quc gia viu chnh ch k in t trong cc thng ip d liu. Ngoi ra, cc quc giacng ban hnh nhng vn bn qui phm php lut ring iu chnh ch k s.

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o M ban hnh Lut ch k in t trong cc giao dch thng mi ton cuv quc gia vo nm 2000; Lut ch k s v thm nh ch k in t; Lutgiao dch in t thng nht

o y ban Chu u a ra ch th v ch kin t s 1999/93/EC gm 15 iu. y ban

Chu u cng cng nhn ch k in t ltng ng nh ch vit. Ch k in t cvai tr chng minh bn gc ca thng ip,chng minh liu thng ip c b thay i haykhng v s dng cc m ha m bo tnh

bo mt ca thng i p. Ngoi ra cc nctrong khu vc y ban Chu u cng c nhngvn bn php qui ring ca quc gia iu chnhch k in t. Nh Anh c lut giao dch in t nm 2000, cc qui nh vch k in t nm 2002. c c Lut ch k in tc ban hnh vo nm2001 v sa i vo nm 2005.

o Nht Bn ban hnh vn bn php Lut lin quan ti ch k in t v chngthc ch k in t vo nm 2000.

o Vit Nam ban hnh cc vn bn php lut iu chnh v ch k in t nhLut giao dch in t nm 2006; Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP v vic thihnh Lut giao dch in t v ch k s v dch v chng thc ch k s.Trong Lut giao dch in t 2006 c hn ring mt chng 3 cp n vn ch k in t v chng thc ch k in t. Trong chng ny c cpti gi tr php l ca ch k in t (gm 7 iu tiu 21 n iu 27);

Dch v chng thc ch k in t (gm 4 iu tiu 28 n iu 31); Qunl chng thc ch k in t (iu 32).

Theo lut giao dch in t ca Vit Nam Chk in tc to lp di dng t, ch, s,k hiu, m thanh hoc cc hnh thc khc bng

phng tin in t, gn lin hoc kt hp mtcch lgic vi thng ip d liu, c kh nngxc nhn ngi k thng ip d liu v xcnhn s ch p thun ca ngi i vi ni

dung thng ip d liu c k.Tm li, vic ch k in tc chp nhn v mt gi tr php l theo qui nh caLut mu v ch k in t ca y ban lin hip quc gip cho hot ng thngmi gia cc quc gia ngy cng pht trin v qui m, gi tr. Ch k in tcchp nhn v mt gi tr php l cng ng ngha vi vic chp nhn gi tr php lca cc hp ng in t.

2.1.3. Tp qun v thng mi in tIncoterms 2000

c sa i t Incoterms 1990, im mi ca Incoterms 2000 l tha nhn gi trphp l ca cc chng tin t. Trong cc iu khon lin quan ti trch nhimngi bn v vic cung cp chng t th c cp ti vic chp nhn, thay th cc

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chng t di dng vn bn giy bng cc chng tdi dng thng ip d liu in t EDI, tuy nhincc bn tham gia hot ng thng mi quc t phic tha thun vi nhau t trc.

eUCP: Cng vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t,

cc giao dch in t ngy cng trnn ph bin vivic in t ho cc chng t ni chung v chng tthanh ton quc t ni ring; iu ny lm ny sinhnhu cu c mt tiu chun quc tiu chnh vic sdng cc chng tin t trong thanh ton quc t.

Ngy 1/4/2002 bn ph trng eUCP c ban hnh bn cnh nhng sa iUCP500 vi mc ch b sung thm nhng khi nim mi ph hp hn vi mitrng kinh doanh in t nh: chng t c nh ngha m rng bao gmbn ghi in t; a im xut trnh i vi cc chng tin tc mrng thm gm a chin t; ch k truyn thng c mrng bao gm cch k in t.

Bn cnh , eUCP gii quyt hu ht cc vn cbn lin quan n xut trnhchng tin t nh: Hnh thc ca cc chng tin t; Phng thc xut trnh;Thc hin chp nhn hay t chi cc chng tin t; Quy nh v bn gc cachng tin t; Gii php khi ngn hng khng x l c chng t hay khichng t b h hng...

Trn thc t, eUCP khng thay th UCP500 m l mt b phn b sung caUCP500 hon thin hot ng thanh ton quc t. Vic p dng eUCP ch chiu lc khi trong th tn dng cho php xut trnh chng tin t.

Tuy nhin, trong eUCP khng quy nh c thdng no ca chng tin t l dng chun.

eUCP khng quy nh c th v phng tin xuttrnh chng tin t. Vn ny cng cho cc

bn linh hot tho thun.

eUCP khng qui nh r u l phng tin int, dng chng tin t nhng li quy nh r

rng rng tt c cc chng t cn phi c chngthc bng ch k s ha qua c th xc nh ngi k v ni dung trongchng t l nguyn vn, khng b thay i trong qu trnh gi v nhn.

Thng thng, c 2 phng php m bo thc hin vic chng thc cc chng t:

o Phng php ring: Yu cu cc bn to chng t trn trang web ca ngnhng hay t chc chng thc. lm c iu ny, bn s dng phi clp t thit b, phn mm v cung cp password, smartcard, hay cc phngtin an ton khc xc nhn c nhn hay t chc to lp chng t. Khi ccchng t c to lp xong, ngi to lp cn thng bo cho ngn hng

ngn hng kho ni dung ca vn bn. C th tham kho mt m hnh inhnh ti website Global Trade and Advisory: http://www.maxtrad.com

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o Phng php chung: S dng ch k in t k vo cc chng t. Chng tin t c th l file Word, Excel, Acrobat hay file nh... Nu ch mt k ttrong file b thay i sau khi k, ch k in t coi nh khng c gi tr mcd vn c th m c chng t . Ch k in t c c p km theochng thc in t, chng thc ny thng c cp di dng th thng minh

(smart card). C th tham kho v th thng minh Identrus ti website:http://www.identrus.com.

Nh vy, cc chng tin t cn c k m bo xc nh ngi k v nidung khng thay i sau khi k in t. Ngi mua nn ch r phng thcchng thc mong mun ngn hng c chnh c th kim tra c chngt. Trong trng hp ngn hng khng th xc thc c chng t, iu 5 (f) caeUCP cp trc tip vn ny, mt chng tin tkhng thchng thcc th coi nhcha c xut trnh.Nh vy, chng t b coi l cha hp l.

Khi c cp chng thc in t, ngi s dng c cp km theo phn mm k in t; thc cht y l mt phn mm m ho vn bn in t nhm xcnh ngi to ra vn bn v ng thi m bo ni dung chng t khng b thayi trong qu trnh gi v nhn. C nhiu t chc chng thc cung cp cc chngthc in t nh vy. eUCP khng quy nh c th v t chc chng thc, do cc bn lin quan c th t tho thun v phng thc chng thc v t chcchng thc no c chp nhn cp cc chng thc in t.

Tm li, thng mi in t tuy cn non tr nhng tc pht trin nhanh. Th trngtrong hot ng thng mi in t l khng bin gii, mi thnh phn u c ththam gia vo. Chnh v vy, cng vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t s c nhiuvn pht sinh, v nhng pht sinh tp trung lin quan n chng tin t v

ch k in t.

2.1.4. Quyn s hu tr tuTheo t chc shu tr tu ca th gii (WIPO) th ti sn tr tu chnh l nhngsng to ca con ngi: pht minh, tc phm vn hc, tc phm hi ha, v hnh nhtn, biu tng v nhng thit kc s dng vo mc ch thng mi. Bo hquyn shu tr tu chnh l bo v cc c nhn hay t chc to ra nhng sn phmnu trn. Bo h quyn shu tr tu l mt vn v cng quan trng trong nn kinht tri thc nhm to mt mi trng lnh mnh cho pht trin thng mi in t. Bo

v quyn shu tr tu trong thng mi in t phi bao trm 4 lnh vc sau y: Bn quyn: l tt c nhng vn m chnh ph

ngn cm:

o Sao chp li mt tc phm, d mt phn hayton b,

o Cung cp hay trng by nhng tc phm ny racng chng di mi hnh thc.

Bo v bn quyn ton cu l vn c cc tchc quc t rt quan tm. Cng c Berne v bo

v bn quyn cc tc phm vn hc v ngh thutc xem l s khi u cho bo v quyn shu tr tu. Cng c Berne cban hnh vo nm 1886. Hin nay c 157 quc gia trn th gii k kt tham gia

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cng c Berne. Theo cng c Berne, bn quyn ca mi tc phm ngh thut sc ko di ti thiu l 50 nm sau khi tc gi mt. Ngoi ra, mi quc giathnh vin c th t qui nh ring cho quc gia mnh v thi gian tc quyn chomi tc phm.

Bn cnh cng c Berne cn c cng c tc quyn th gii do Lin hip quc

ban hnh. Cng c ny cng ging cng c Berne trong vic bo v quyn tcgi thuc quc gia. Theo cng c ny th mi tc phm sc bo h bn quyntrong sut cuc i tc gi cng vi 25 nm sau khi tc gi mt.

Bn quyn ch c hiu lc trong mt khong thigian nht nh. Thng bn quyn ch c hiu lctrong khong mt s nm nht nh sau khi tc gimt. Ti M theo lut m rng v bn quyn caSonny Bono, bn quyn sc ko di thm 70nm sau khi tc gi mt.

M l quc gia u tin trin khai hot ngthng mi in t v l quc gia thnh cng nhttrong lnh vc ny. c c thnh cng nh vyl nhquc gia ny sm nhn ra vai tr bo h bnquyn trn Internet.

Ti Vit Nam, chnh ph cng sm nhn ra cvai tr ca bo h bn quyn trong nn kinh t s. Vit Nam tham gia cng cBerne vo 10/2004. Ngoi ra, Chnh ph Vit Nam ban hnh Lut Shu trtu vo ngy 25/11/2005 v c hiu lc vo ngy 1/7/2006. Lut Shu tr tu2006 ch yu tp trung cho bo h quyn tc gi, quyn shu cng nghip, ging

cy trng. Ph bin nht hin nay ti nc ta l vn vi phm bn quyn phnmm. Ngoi ra cn c vic sao chp tc phm in sch, lm sch lu, bn quyntc phm m nhc Trong khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng, Vit Nam angng th ba ch sau Trung Quc v Indonesia v vi phm bn quyn phn mm.Trc thc trng vi phm bn quyn nh vy th ngy 22/2/2007, Th tngChnh ph ra Nghnh s 04/2007/CT-TTg v tng cng bo v bn quyntc gii vi chng trnh my tnh.

Thng hiuBo h thng hiu tc l bo h nhng hnh nh

c s dng nhn ra hng ha dch v ca mtdoanh nghip bao gm hnh nh, t ng, con s cv mu sc cng nh nhng nhn dng khc.

Thng hiu phi c ng k ti mt nc c lut php bo h. Thng hiu i ng k

phi khc bit, nguyn gc v khng gy nhm ln.Thng hiu sc bo h trong khong thi gian ng k.

Lut shu tr tu ca WIPO l ngun lut u tin iu chnh cc hot ng linquan ti thng hiu. Trong phn thng hiu ca ngun lut c a ra khi nimthng hiu l g cng nh cc thut ng chung.

Mt thc t hin nay l cc sn phm nhi tn thng hiu v kiu dng angc bn trn lan. Ti M c ban hnh iu lut Dilution vo nm 1995

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bo h nhng thng hiu ni ting. Vic mua bn, nh p khu hng ha viphm thng hiu cng nh vic s dng thng hiu di bt c hnh thc nom khng c php s b quy l ti phm.

Trong lnh vc thng mi in t cn xut hin mt khi nim mi l tnmin. Bo v thng hiu trong lnh vc thng mi in t cn bao gm c bo

h tn min ca chnh doanh nghip, t chc.Hin nay c hin tng cybersquatting tc lcc t chc c nhn ng k tn min sau bnnhng tn min ny vi gi cao hn. Hin trncc trang web u gi ni ting nh Ebay ta ddng thy cc li giao bn tn min. Nhngcng ty ln nh Christian Dior, Nike, DeutscheBank v thm ch l Microsoft phi u tranhhay phi mua li nhng tn min c lin quan ti tn cng ty. Nm 1999, M

ban hnh mt o lut v bo v ngi tiu dng chng li cybesquatting nhmbo h cho cc tn min c thng hiu ca cc doanh nghip.

Lut shu tr tu ca WIPO s gip gii quyt nhng tranh chp lin quan tivic ang k tn min trng vi nhng thng hiu v cng ty c t trc. Nm1999 l nm u tin WIPO gii quyt mt v tranh chp v tn min theoChnh sch gii quyt tranh chp v tn min thng nht (Uniform Domain NameDispute Resolution Policy UDRP) nh sau:

Tranh chp tn min Sting.com

Nm 2000, Gordon Summer, ngi c trn 20 nm biu din m nhc vi ngh danh

l Sting kin ra WIPO khi c mt ngi n ng Georgia s hu tn minsting.com v rao bn tn min ny cho ng vi gi 25000 la. i vi nhng v kinnh vy th c n 80% trng hp, t chc WIPO s phn quyt c li cho ch shuthng hiu . Tuy nhin trong v ny WIPO cho rng sting l mt t chung v sdng ph bin, cng nh c nhiu ngha hn l ch nhn ra tn mt nhc s. Chnh vvy t chc phn quyt ng nhc s thua kin. Nhng sau phn quyt bt li thnhc ssting b mt trao i vi ngi n ng Georgia shu trang web mangtn mnh.

Ti Vit Nam, vic s dng tn min c qui nh trong khon 3 iu 68 Lut

Cng ngh thng tin v im d khon 1 iu 130 ca Lut Shu tr tu.Theo khon 3 iu 68 Lut Cng ngh thng tin quy nh: T chc, c nhn sdng tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn phi chu trch nhim trc php lut vmc ch s dng v tnh chnh xc ca cc thng tin ng k v bo m vicng k, s dng tn min quc gia khng xm phm cc quyn, li ch hp phpca t chc, c nhn khc c trc ngy ng k.

Cn theo im d khon 1 iu 130 Lut Shu tr tu, hnh vi ng k, chim giquyn s dng hoc s dng tn min trng hoc tng t gy nhm ln vi nhnhiu, tn thng mi c bo h ca ngi khc hoc ch dn a l m mnh

khng c quyn s dng nhm mc ch chim gi tn min, li dng hoc lmthit hi n uy tn, danh ting ca nhn hiu, tn thng mi, ch dn a l tngng b coi l hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh.

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Sng chL mt gii php k thut mang tinh mi m vnguyn l k thut, tnh sng to, c th p dngc. Quyn sng ch mang tnh c quyn v mt tng hay mt pht kin.

Hin nay cc quc gia ang p dng lut shu trtu ca quc gia iu chnh cc hot ng linquan ti sng ch. Ngoi ra cc quc gia cn p dngcc ngun lut iu chnh khc nh lut s hu trtu ca WIPO, hip nh v thng mi v shu trtu (TRIPS).

Vng i ca cc sng ch ph thuc rt nhiu vocng ngh, nn thi gian bo h sng ch thng khng ko di lu. Theo lut shu tr tu ca WIPO th cc sng ch c thi gian bo h l 20 nm. Cn ti M

thi gian bo h sng ch l 17 nm, Anh l 20 nm. Sau khi ht thi gian ng kbo h sng ch th sng ch ny c th s dng bi bt c ai.

V d

Mt trong nhng sng ch ni ting trong lnh vc thng mi in t phi k ti sngch v phng thc tin hnh mua hng ch bng mt ln kch chut ca amazon.com.

Nm 1999 cng ty kin i th cnh tranh l Barnes & Noble v nhi cng nghca mnh vo hot ng kinh doanh. Tuy nhin th Amazon thua trong v kin ny.

Mt sng ch ni ting th hai na trong lnh vc thng mi in t l sng chca Priceline v k thut t gi theo gi ca bn. Cng ngh ny cho php mingi c th mua v my bay gi r ti trang web priceline.com. Priceline c nhimv tm kim nhng nh cung c p c mc gi bng hoc thp hn. Nm 2001,Priceline.com kin Expedia.com v s dng m hnh kinh doanh u gi ny. Ktqu l Expedia.com phi tr tin cho Priceline.com c th s dng m hnh kinhdoanh ny.

Cc site Fan v Hate:y l mt phn ca hin tng t xut bn trn web bao gm blog. Cc site Fanc th tc ng ti bo h shu tr tu. V d mt s ngi sao chp phim hocchng trnh tivi v to ra cc site cnh tranh vicc site ca cc nh sn xut phim v chng trnh

tivi. Cc nh sn xut c th kin nhng c nhnny v yu cu cc c nhn ng ca websitenhng nhng site mi li c mra vi hnh thctng t.

Tng t nh vy, cc site Hate c th s dn tinhiu vn tiu cc cho cc cng ty. C nhiu site Hate nh hng trc tipti cc tp on ln nh Wal-Mart, Microsoft, Nike. Cc site Hate ny thng lcc site cyberbashing - tc l site c tn min ging vi tn cc t chc, c nhn.

i vi cc hot ng trn sc lut shu tr tu v bn quyn ca cc quc

gia iu chnh.Tm li, phm vi thng mi l rng ln trn kh p ton cu, khng b gii hnv khng gian v thi gian. Nn bt c mt vi phm no v quyn shu tr tu nh

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bn quyn; nhi v n cp thng hiu, tn min; bt chc nhng sng ch cng snh hng nhanh chng v lan ta ti cc hot ng khc trong thng mi in t.Do vy, vic cp nht nhng vn bn php lut v shu tr tu cng nh ban hnhmi cc vn bn iu chnh tng lnh vc trong thng mi in t nh tn min sgip cho hot ng thng mi in t pht trin lnh mnh.

2.2. C s h tng k thut2.2.1. Internet

Internet l mng my tnh ln nht trn th gii, mngca cc mng. y l mng giao tip ton cu, gip ktni mi ngi trong mng LAN li vi nhau thng quacc nh cung cp dch v Internet. Cu trc ca mngInternet l mchnh v vy mi my tnh ca cc hngkhc nhau u c th truy cp kt ni vi n c. Chi

ph kt ni my tnh vi mng Internet hin nay vncn cao i vi phn ln dn s th gii.

H thng Internet truyn thng tin theo kiu chuyngi d liu (packet switching) da trn mt giao thc lin mng c chun ha(giao thc IP). Mng Internet mang li rt nhiu tin ch cho ngi s dng, mt trongcc tin ch ph thng ca Internet l h thng thin t (email), tr chuyn trctuyn (chat), cng c tm kim (search engine), cc dch v ti chnh tin t trc tuyn,v cc dch v v y t gio dc nh cha bnh t xa hoc t chc cc lp hc o. Hinnay trn Internet c cha ng mt khi lng thng tin khng l. kt ni vi

Internet th c th dng dialup thng qua in thoi, ng truyn bng thng rngADSL, thit b khng dy (wireless), v tinh hay qua in thoi cm tay.

2.2.2. Mng ni b (Intranet)Mng Intranet hay cn gi l WAN, mng ni b cng ty l mt mng kt ni trongni b cng ty rt hiu qu v chi ph thp chia s thng tin. Mng Intranet c sdng trnh duyt web v cc giao thc qua Internet nh TCP/IP, FTP, Telnet, HTMLv HTTP.

Do mng Intranet tch hp vi Internet nn thng tin t Intranet c th chia s gia cc

phng ban c s dng cng ngh khc nhau cng nh gia nhng ngi tiu dngbn ngoi cng ty. Intranet c xem l cch hiu qunht cung c p thng tin ni b doanh nghi p dovic cung cp thng tin bng vn bn gia cc phng

ban thng rt mt thi gian v tn km. Intranet khcExtranet ch n gii hn ch trong nhn vin ca mtt chc, trong khi Extranet cho php khch hng,nh cung cp v cc thnh phn khc truy cp khi csng .

Tm li, vic s dng mng Intranet gip kt ni ngilao ng vi c p lnh o vi nhau; tng ha cchot ng trong ni b doanh nghip; cho php cc thnh vin trong doanh nghip c

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th tip cn d dng v nhanh chng vi cc ngun lc quan trng ca mnh c bitnhng kin thc cng nh kinh nghim ca cc ng nghip trong doanh nghip; gipcc c p lnh o c th qun l tt nhn vin; y cng l c s cho pht trin hthng thng tin trong doanh nghip; gip doanh nghip c th qun tr thng tin ni bhiu qu c s h trca my tnh; l cng c tch hp gn kt tng chu trnh ca

doanh nghip li vi nhau.Tuy nhin, mi lo ngi cc doanh nghip tin hnh trin khai mng Intranet lo lng vvn an ninh. bo v mng Intranet th cc doanh nghip hin nay thng sdng cc phn mm m ha, kha cng khai, cc chng thc s, tng la.

2.2.3. Mng i ngoi (Extranet)L mng kt ni gia cng ty vi cc nh cung cp, i tc kinh doanh hay vi bt cngi dng no c trao quyn.

Mt cng ty c th xy dng mt mng Extranet ring cho khch hng, nh cung cp,

nh cung ng. Hay l cc cng ty trong cng mt ngnh c th xy dng mt mngExtranet cng tc v nhng li ch chung. Cc bn tham gia vo mng Extranet s truycp vo csd liu, file hay bt c thng tin no c lu trong my tnh c kt nivi mng Extranet.

Mng Extranet s dng cc giao thc TCP/IP kt ni cc mng Intranet ca cckhu vc khc nhau li vi nhau. Extranet gip kt ni mng Intranet ca mt doanhnghip vi mng Intranet ca ca cc i tc kinh doanh, cc nh cung cp, cc tchc ti chnh, chnh ph v khch hng.

V mng Extranet cho php kt ni cc doanh nghip li vi nhau thng qua mngInternet nn y l mt mng mv linh hot, rt ph hp cho m hnh thng miin t B2B. tng hiu qu an ton, cc cng ty ch chia s mt phn no csd liu ca doanh nghip vi cc i tc kinh doanh v hon ton tch bit mngExtranet vi mng Intranet.

Li ch ca vic s dng mng Extranet l c th trao i d liu vi mt khi lngln bng cch s dng ng dng trao i d liu in t (EDI); nng cao hiu qukinh doanh ca doanh nghip, chia s thng tin v sn phm vi qui m ln vi ccnh bn bun; cng tc vi cc cng ty khc nhm pht trin doanh nghip; tin hnh

Truy cp an ton txa

Vn phngtrong nc

Dch vmng ni b

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cpvin thng

Ngi dngdi ng

Phngbnhng

Truy cp an ton txa

Vn phngtrong nc

Dch vmng ni b

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cpvin thng

Ngi dngdi ng

Phngbnhng

Vn phngtrong nc

Dch vmng ni b

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cpvin thng

Ngi dngdi ng

Phngbnhng

Tng la

Hot ng kim ton

Ngi dng di ng

My ch ni b

Nh cung cung cp vin thng

Dch v mng ni b

Vn phng trong nc

Truy cp an ton txa

Vn phngtrong nc

Dch vmng ni b

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cpvin thng

Ngi dngdi ng

Phngbnhng

Truy cp an ton txa

Vn phngtrong nc

Dch vmng ni b

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cpvin thng

Ngi dngdi ng

Phngbnhng

Vn phngtrong nc

Dch vmng ni b

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cp

Nh cung cpvin thng

Ngi dngdi ng

Phngbnhng

Tng la

Hot ng kim ton

Ngi dng di ng

My ch ni b

Nh cung cung cp vin thng

Dch v mng ni b

Vn phng trong nc

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o to cho i tc; s dng dch v do cng ty khc cung cp nhng dng ngnhng in t; chia s thng tin c ch trn din rng.

Tuy nhin bn cnh th mng Extranet cng c nhng mt hn ch nh chi ph trin khai mng Extranet cn rt cao; e da i vi bo mt thng tin trong mngExtranet l ln.

2.2.4. WWW (world wide web cc trang web)World wide web chnh l h thng cc chng t ktni siu vn bn HTML hay n gin chnh l cctrang web.

Ban u web chc s dng trong cng ng ccnh khoa hc, c rt t ngi khng thuc cng ngny c phn mm c th c c cc chng tHTML. Mosaic l trnh duyt web u tin cho php

c cc chng t HTML v gi y vn ang cdng vi mt s trang web.

n nm 1994, trnh duyt Netscape c xy dng. Trnh duyt Netscape cng pht trin trn c s trnh duyt Mosaic. Microsoft xy dng v pht trin mttrnh duyt web Internet Explorer ngay sau thnh cng ca Netscape. Cho n hmnay c rt nhiu trnh duyt web c to ra nh Firefox, Safari, Opera, Googlechorme nhng Internet Explorer vn ang thng lnh th trng trnh duyt ngy nay(88,9% theo BBC).

World wide web cho php chia s, pht tn thng tin qua mng Internet mt cch ddng v nhanh chng. Hin nay s lng cc website tng ln mt cch nhanh chng.Internet v World wide web c nhng im chung v ring: y u l h thng traoi d liu ton cu. Internet bao gm c phn cng v phn mm nhm kt ni cc

my tnh vi nhau. Trong khi web ch l mt ng dng phn mm cho php mingi giao tip thng qua Internet.

2.3. C s h tng thanh tonChc nng quan trng nht ca cc trang web thng mi in t chnh l vic tinhnh hot ng thanh ton trc tuyn thng qua mng Internet. Thanh ton trong lnhvc thng mi in t c th di nhiu hnh thc. Theo Evans v Schmalenseenh gi xem hnh thc thanh ton in t no c s dng nhiu nht phi datrn nhng nhn t sau:

Tnh c lp: Mt vi hnh thc thanh ton in t phi s dng n phn mmv phn cng ring bit tin hnh thanh ton. Hu ht tt c cc hnh thc thanhton in tu yu cu ngi bn phi ci t nhng phn mm chuyn bit

IESafariFire Fox

IESafariFire Fox IE 0pera Mini 4.1 beta Google Chrome

IESafariFire Fox

IESafariFire Fox IE 0pera Mini 4.1 beta Google Chrome

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c th cho php khch hng thc hin thanh ton trc tuyn. V thng th cchnh thc thanh ton ny khng c cc t chc ng h.

Kt ni v Di chuyn: Tt c cc hnh thc thanhton in tu chy trn mt h thng ring bitnhm kt ni vi h thng v ng dng ca cc

doanh nghip khc. Thanh ton in t thng phic kt ni vi nhng ng dng c sn v mytnh s h trlm vic ny.

An ninh: Ngi bn trc khi tin hnh mt hnhthc thanh ton in t thng tt ra nhng cuhi nh: Vic chuyn tin c mc an ton nu? Kt qu ca qu trnh chuyn tin nh thno? Hay nu ri ro ca ngi bn ln hn ri ro i vi ngi mua th hnh thcthanh ton no l khng c chp thun? Liu hnh thc thanh ton c d b

gi mo hay khng? Kh nng ln theo du vt: Nu ngi mua thanh ton bng tin mt th ngi

bn s rt kh khn bit c tin thanh ton ang khu vc no, trong khi nuthanh ton bng th tn dng hay sc th ngi bn c th c c cu tr li tin.

Thanh ton: Hu ht ngi bn ch chp thun th tn dng i vi nhng nhng t nh ti ln. Vi hng ha c chi ph qu nh (ch vi la) th th tn dngs khng c s dng. Ngoi ra, th tn dng s khng c dng i vi nhngn hng c gi tr qu ln nh vic mua mt chic my bay.

D dng: i vi hnh thc thanh ton in tB2C, th tn dng l phng tin s dng nhiunht. Cn i vi thanh ton in t B2B, cu hit ra l liu hnh thc thanh ton no c thcdng cho c hnh thc mua sm offline hin c.

Ph giao dch: Nu s dng th tn dng thanhton th ngi bn phi tr ph giao dch ln ti 3%gi tr n hng. iu ny s khin cho nhngngi mua vi gi tr hng thp s tm mt hnhthc thanh ton thay th khc vi mc ph thp hn.

Quy nh: Tt c hnh thc thanh ton u tun theo qui tc ca quc t, quc gia.Thm ch khi c mt hnh thc thanh ton mi c gii thiu th n cng phitun th nghim ngt theo cc qui nh hin hnh. PayPal l gii php thanh ton

b cho l vi phm cc qui nh trong lnh vc ngn hng.

Hin nay c bn hnh thc thanh ton ph bin c trong lnh vc thng mi truynthng v thng mi in t B2C, l tin, sc, th tn dng, th ghi n. Th tn dngl hnh thc thanh ton trc tuyn ph bin v pht trin nht hin nay. 85% ngitiu dng trn th gii s dng th tn dng mua hng trc tuyn. Ring ti Mcon s ny l 96%. Loi hnh thanh ton trc tuyn ph bin th hai trn th gii l

tin in t do cc cng ty cung cp. Tin in t dng mua sm hng ha v dchv, tuy nhin n khng th chuyn thnh tin mt.

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Thanh ton in t hin nay pht trin rt nhanh trn th gii, c bit l cc ncpht trin. Cc nc ang pht trin ang rt c gng xy dng csh tng thanhton tt theo kp vi cc nc pht trin nhm y nhanh hn na hot ng thngmi quc t khng ch gia cc t chc vi nhau m cn gia cc c nhn c lp.Hn na, thanh ton in t gip cho vic trin khai dch v cng in t trnn d

dng hn. Thng qua cc phng tin thanh ton in t ngi dn c th tin hnhtr ph, l ph, ng thu

Hot ng thanh ton in t tin hnh hon ton qua cc phng tin in t, chnhv vy, trong hot ng c thm ch th th ba khng th thiu c l cc trung gian.Cc trung gian trong thanh ton in t c th l ngn hng, cc cquan cung cp gii

php thanh ton.

Trong thanh ton in t cc bn tin hnh hot ng thanh ton m khng cn gp gnhau trc tip nn ri ro trong thanh ton l cao hn nhiu so vi hnh thc thanhton thng thng:

Ri ro i vi ngi mua: Thng tin c nhn cth b ngi bn s dng sai mc ch, hay thngtin v ti khon th bn cp nhm mc ch saitri khi k xu c tnh truy c p vo h thngthng tin.

Ri ro i vi ngi bn: C khi khch hng cacng ty l i th cnh tranh tham gia vo nhmmc ch tham kho gi; khch hng c th l nhng k gi mo mua hng, nhnhng m khng thanh ton; khch hng cng c th l nhng tin tc xu truy cpvo vi mc ch lm gim uy tn doanh nghip, thay i d liu khch hng, thay

i thng tin v gi, n trm thng tin khch hng. Ri ro i vi cc nh trung gian: Thng tin th thanh ton ca khch hng b

mt; khch hng khng tr tin (thng l i vi th tn dng)

Ri ro i vi x hi: Nhiu hot ng thanh tonin t l nhm mc ch ra tin.

T nhng ri ro nu trn pht trin hot ng thanhton in t th i hi phi xy dng mt c s htng m bo nhng yu cu sau:

m bo an ton: H thng thanh ton phi ckh nng bo mt cao, k xu khng th tn cng vo h thng thng tin th v csd liu ca ngi bn vi mc ch xu.

Linh hot: S dng nhng cng c thanh ton in t khc nhau cho tng honcnh khc nhau trnh c ri ro.

Gn gi vi h thng my tnh: Nhm gim thiu chi ph cho cc giao dch nmc ti thiu nht.

Pht trin thanh ton in t trc ht phi pht trin csh tng k thut bao gm:csh tng trin khai hot ng thanh ton in t, song hnh vi n l pht trinh tng bo mt. Xy dng h tng k thut thanh ton in t chnh l vic xy dngh thng th thanh ton, gii php thanh ton trc tuyn. Hin nay h tng th thanhton pht trin vi tc chng mt do n em li nhiu tin ch cho x hi trong ccc giao dch trc tuyn v truyn thng.

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Hnh 2.1: Quy trnh giao dch bng th thanh ton trong thng mi in t

Ngoi s dng cc loi th trong thanh ton in t ra th ngi tiu dng cn c ths dng cc gii php thanh ton trc tuyn nh: tin in t, v in t, ha nin t.

Cc gii php thanh ton nh v in t, tin in t, hay th thanh ton gip chocc ch th tham gia vo thng mi in t c th thanh ton trc tuyn. Tuy nhin,c mt thc t hin nay l cc thng tin thanh ton ca ch th thng xuyn bncp vi mc ch khng tt, c hin tng ra tin thng qua vic s dng tin int...Chnh v vy, bn cnh vic pht trin csh tng k thut cho thanh ton in

t th cn phi ch trng ti xy dng csh tng bo mt thanh ton gip cho hotng thanh ton in t tin hnh d dng, minh bch.

2.4. Bo mt trong thng mi in t:2.4.1. Mt svn an ninh lin quan ti hoat ng thng mi in t

Phishing k gi mo

L mt loi ti phm cng ngh cao s dng email, tinnhn popup hay trang web la ngi dng cung cpcc thng tin c nhn nhy cm nh th tn dng, mt

khu, s ti khon ngn hng. Thng thng cc tin tcthng gi mo l cc cng ty ni ting yu cu khchhng cung cp nhng thng tin nhy cm ny. K gi mothng hng ti phishing nhng khch hng ca ngnhng v ngi tiu dng thng mua sm trc tuyn.

Vo 17/12/2003 mt s khch hng ca eBay nhn ucemail vi thng bo rng hin ti ti khon ca h tmngng hot ng cho ti khi h kch vo ng linkc cung cp trong email v cpnht thng tin v th tn dng, cng vi cc thng tin c nhn khc nh ngy sinh, tn

thi con gi ca m, s Pin ca th ATM. ng link trong a ch email kt ni titrang web ca ebay nhng y khng phi l trang web tht ca ebay m ch l mttrang web gi mo c logo v hnh thc ging vi trang web ebay tht.

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PayPal l mt trang web gii php thanh ton v cng l i tng thng xuyn bgi mo. K gi mo Paypal xy ng URL ci trang ging URL ca Paypal bngcch s dng k hiu @ (http://[email protected]/fl/login.html). Thng thcc server b qua cc k t trc @ v ch s dng nhng k t sau n. Nh vy lkhch hng ch c th nhn thy ng link trong mail nh http://paypal.com. Chnh

v vy m khch hng khng nhn ra c l mnh ang b tn cng t cc tin tcv cung cp nhng thng tin c nhn v ti khon.

K trm trn mng (sniffer)

L mt dng chng trnh theo di, nghe trm, gimst s di chuyn ca thng tin trn mng. Khi s dngvo nhng mc ch hp php th n c th gip phthin ra cc im yu ca mng, nhng ngc li nus dng vi mc ch bt hp php th tr thnh mtmi him ha ln v rt kh pht hin. K trm s

dng phn mm xem ln thin t hay c ccthng ip cha m ha c lu trn mng. Vic s

dng chng trnh xem ln ny s gip tn trm ly c cc thng tin b mt ca tchc, c nhn nh mt khu, s th tn dng, b mt kinh doanh...

Pht tn virus

Thng thng nhng tn trm s gi cc tp file c cha virus qua email, hay nglink c ch virus qua tin nhn offline ti cc c nhn. Khi cc c nhn kch hot vong link v cc file th virus s t ng pht tntrong my tnh v tm ti cc ngc ngch c cha

thng tin quan trng ca t chc, c nhn v n trmchng vi mc ch bt hp php. Nu virus ny truycp c vo c sd liu ca cc t chc th n cth lm thay i ni dng d liu, c khi cn lmngng tr ton b hot ng ca h thng thng tin cat chc dn ti mt uy tn ca doanh nghip.

Tn cng tchi dch v(DOS Denial Of Service attack, DDOS DistributedDOS hay DR DOS)

L kiu tn cng khin mt h thng my tnh hoc mt mng b qu ti, dn ti

khng th cung cp dch v hoc phi dng hot ngNhng cuc tn cng DoS c th l nguyn nhn khin cho mng my tnh ngnghot ng v trong thi gian , ngi s dng s khng th truy cp vo cc websitethng mi in t. Nhng tn cng ny cng ng ngha vi nhng khon chi ph rtln v trong thi gian website ngng hot ng, khch hng khng th thc hin ccgiao dch mua bn. ng thi, s gin on hot ng ny snh hng n uy tn vting tm ca doanh nghip, nhng iu khng d dng g ly li c.

V tn cng DOS in hnh u tin xy ra vo thng 2 2000, cc hot ng tncng lin tc khin hng lot website trn th gii ngng hot ng trong nhiu gi,

trong c nhng website hng u nh eBay ngng hot ng trong 5 gi, Amazongn 4 gi, CNN gn 3.5 gi, E-Trade gn 3 gi, Yahoo v Buy.com v ZDNet cngngng hot ng t 3 n 4 gi. Ngay c ngi khng l Microsoft cng tng phi

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gnh chu hu qu ca nhng cuc tn cng ny. Vit Nam, cng c rt nhiudoanh nghip b tn cng di hnh thc ny.

Tai ha v DDoS

Mi vic ang tin trin ht sc tt p vi chin lc kinh doanh TMT ca Vietco. pht trin hn, ngy 4/3/2006, sau khi lut Giao dch in t c hiu lc c ba ngy,cng ty c phn Vit Cquyt nh t chc mt cuc hi tho vi hn 60 i l in thoidi ng ti TP. HCM nhm y mnh vic hp tc TMT. Nhng ti hm trc , ngy3/3/2006, ban lnh o Vit Cpht hin ra site Vietco.com b tn cng t chi dch v vimt mc khng khip. Sn giao dch ny lp tc b qu ti v khng th truy cp. Ktqu l sng hm sau cuc hi tho phi demo bng my chiu. Nhng cha ht, tip sau Vietco li b tn cng vi cng ln hn nhiu ln.

B phn k thut tm mi cch chng nhng v hiu. Cng ty chuyn Server lin tcln cc h thng khc, nhng khng th duy tr qu hai ting. Mi IP to ra khong 10 ngntruy xut vo h thng, v c hng ngn IP (ch yu n t Vit Nam) cng hng voVietco.com mt lc. Lng truy xut ny ln gp nhiu ln kh nng p ng ti a ca h

thng, v khng th chng v mt k thut. Kh nng hnh ng chi xu ny l camt i th cnh tranh. V k tn cng l mt ngi rt chuyn nghip v chun b k.

Hu qu l t ngy 3/3/2006 cho ti nay, hn 40 nhn vin ca Vit C ngi chi xinc, ton b hot ng thng mi bnh tr. i ng k thut th tc trc ngy mm khng c hiu qu. Chi ph cho mi ngy hot ng ca cng ty l 3 triu ng. T khi

b DDoS, cng ty Vietco phi chi khong t 50 70 triu ng cho tin thu t vn, chiph i server lin tc

Nh vy, vi s pht trin thng mi in t v cng ngh thng tin, s lng tin tc cngngy cng tng. Mc ch chnh ca cc tin tc vn l n cp cc thng tin c nhn v thngtin v ti khon tn dng. Tuy nhin c mt s tin tc thm nhp vo my tnh, csd liu

ca nn nhn khng v mc ch n cp thng tin, mc ch chnh l lm thay i d liuvi mc ch lm mt uy tn mt ai hay mt t chc no . Hoc cng c th lm ginon hot ng kinh doanh ca nn nhn

1. Nu hnh thc tn cng DDOS trong trng hp ca VietCo

2. Cc gii php m VietCo lm khc phc tn cng ny.

2.4.2. Cc gii php cho hot ng bo mt trong thng mi in t:Tng la (Firewall)

Tng la l mt thnh phn ca mng, gm phnmm hoc phn cng hoc kt hp c phn mm v

phn cng, cho php nhng ngi s dng mng mytnh ca mt t chc c th truy cp ti nguyn ca ccmng khc (v d, mng Internet), nhng ng thingn cm nhng ngi s dng khc, khng c phpt bn ngoi truy cp vo mng my tnh ca t chc.

Mt bc tng la c nhng c im sau:

Tt c cc lung thng tin t bn trong mng my tnh ca t chc i ra ngoi vngc li u phi i qua thit b hay phn mm ny.

Ch cc lung thng tin c php v tun thng quy nh v an ton mngmy tnh ca t chc mi c php i qua.

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V cbn, tng la cho php nhng ngi s dng mng my tnh bn trong tngla c bo v nhng vn c kh nng truy cp ton b cc dch v bn ngoi mng;ng thi ngn chn v ch cho php mt s cc truy cp t bn ngoi vo mng trnc s kim tra tn v mt khu ca ngi s dng, a ch IP hoc tn min(domain name)

V D

Mt nh sn xut ch cho php nhng ngi s dng c tn min thuc cc cng ty i tcl khch hng lu nm truy cp vo website ca h mua hng. Nh vy, cng vic ca

bc tng la l thit lp mt ro chn gia trong v ngoi mng my tnh ca t chc.Tng la bo v mng my tnh ca t chc trnh khi nhng tn thng do tin tc,nhng ngi t m t bn ngoi tn cng. Tt c thng ip c gi n v gi i uc tng la kim tra i chiu vi nhng quy nh v an ton do t chc xc lp.

Cc tng la ph bin hin nay gm: Windows XP Personal firewall, Microsoft ISAserver (a chc nng), Checkpoint.

Mng ring o (VPN)

Theo cch truyn thng, lin lc vi cng ty c th thc hin thng qua mt ngtruyn ring hoc thng qua mt ng quay s ti modem hoc ti mt my ch truycp t xa (RAS Remote Access Server), my ch ny cho php kt ni trc tip timng LAN ca cng ty. u im ca vic thu ng truyn ring l gim thiu khnng b hacker nghe trm cc lin lc, tuy nhin chi ph li cao. Do , doanh nghipc th tham kho mt gii php kinh t hn l s dng mng ringo.

Mng ring o s dng mng Internet truyn ti thng tin nhng vn duy tr s bmt bng cch s dng thut m kha ( m giao dch, xc minh tnh chn thc m

bo rng thng tin khng b truy xut tri php v thng tin n t nhng ngun tin cy)v qun l quyn truy cp xc nh danh tnh ca bt k ai s dng mng ny.

Hn na, mt mng ring o cng c thc s dng h trnhng lin lc gia ccchi nhnh v tr scng ty v nhng lin lc gia cc cng nhn lu ng vi tr slmvic ca h. S lng cc doanh nghip s dng hnh thc ny ngy cng tng, iu

ny th hin doanh s ca th trng dch v mng ring o ton th gii, nm 2005 t mc 23 t USD v ha hn s tng thm 22% trong vng 3 nm ti.

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Sdng cc gii php m ha m ha cc thng tin quan trng

M ho thng tin l qu trnh chuyn cc vn bn hay cc ti liu gc thnh cc vnbn di dng mt m bng cch s dng mt thut m ha.

Mt phn mm m ha s thc hin hai cng on: th nht l to ra mt cha kha vth hai l s dng cha kha cng thut m ha m ha vn bn hoc gii m.

C hai k thut cbn thng c s dng m ho thng tin l m ho khon s dng mt kho b mt v m ho kp s dng hai kha gm kho cngkhai v kha b mt.

Tnh bo mt trong phng php m ha kha b mt ph thuc rt ln vo chakha b mt. Ngoi ra, s dng phng php m ho kho b mt, doanh nghip rtkh c th thc hin vic phn phi an ton cc m kho b mt vi hng ngnkhch hng trc tuyn ca mnh trn nhng mng thng tin rng ln. V doanhnghip s phi b ra nhng chi ph khng nh cho vic to mt m kho ring vchuyn m kho ti mt khch hng bt k trn mng Internet khi h c nhu

cu giao dch vi doanh nghip. V d, mt trong cc hnh thc n gin ca khab mt l password kha v mkha cc vn bn word, excel hay power point.

K thut m ha kp s dng kho cng khai v kha b mt. K thut m ho nys dng hai kho khc nhau trong qu trnh m ho v gii m: mt kho dng m ho thng ip v mt kho khc dng gii m. Hai m kho ny c quan hvi nhau v mt thut ton sao cho d liu c m ho bng kho ny scgii m bng kho kia. Nh vy, k thut m ha ny m bo tnh ring t v bomt. Ngoi ra k thut ny cng m bo tnh ton vn, v mt khi thng ip mha b xm phm, qu trnh gii m s khng thc hin c.

Sdng chk s:

V mt cng ngh, ch k s l mt thng ip d liu c m ha gn km theo mt thng ip d liukhc nhm xc thc ngi gi thng ip .

Qu trnh k v xc nhn ch k nh sau:

Ngi gi dng mt phn mm x l chuyn thngip d liu in t thnh mt thng ip tm tt(Message Digest).

Ngi gi m ho bn tm tt thng ip bng kha b mt ca mnh (s dngphn mm b mt c cquan chng thc cp) to thnh mt ch k in t.

Ngi gi tip tc gn km ch k in t ny vi thng ip d liu ban u vgi mt cch an ton qua mng cho ngi nhn.

Kha chnh Kha chnh

Thngip

Thngip

Thut tonmt m

Ngi gi Ngi nhn

M ha Gii m

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Sau khi nhn c, ngi nhn s dng kho cng khai ca ngi gi gii mch k in t thnh bn tm tt thng ip. Ngi nhn so snh hai bn tm ttthng ip ny. Nu chng ging nhau tc l ch k in t l xc thc vthng ip khng b thay i trn ng truyn i.

Ngoi ra, ch k in t c thc gn thm mt nhn thi gian: sau mt thi

gian nht nh quy nh bi nhn , ch k in t gc s khng cn hiu lc, ngthi nhn thi gian cng l cng c xc nh thi im k.

Sdng phong b s (Digital Envelope):

To lp mt phong b s l mt qu trnh m ho sdng kho cng khai ca ngi nhn (phn mm cngkhai ca ngi nhn, phn mm ny cng do cquanchng thc cp cho ngi nhn, v c ngi nhnthng bo cho cc i tc bit s dng khi h mungi thng ip cho mnh).

Kha b mt ny c dng m ho ton b thng tin m ngi gi mun gi chongi nhn, kha ny m bo ch c duy nht ngi nhn l ngi mc thngip c.

Chng ths ha (Digital Certificate)

Nu mt bn phi c m ha cng khai ca bn th 2 c th tin hnh m ha vgi thng ip cho bn , m ha cng khai ny sc ly u v liu bn ny cthm bo nh danh chnh xc ca bn th 2 khng?

Chng thin t xc minh rng ngi cm gi m kha cng cng hoc m kha bmt chnh l ngi ch ca m kha . Bn th ba, C quan chng thc, s phthnh chng thin t cho cc bn tham gia.

Ni dung chng thin t bao gm: tn, m kho cng khai, s th t ca chngthc in t, thi hn hiu lc, ch k ca c quan chng nhn (tn ca c quanchng nhn c thc m ho bng m kho ring ca cquan chng nhn) v ccthng tin nhn dng khc. Cc chng th ny c s dng xc minh tnh chnthc ca website (website certificate), ca c nhn (personal certificate) v ca cccng ty phn mm (software publisher certificate).

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TM LC CUI BI

Lut mu v thng mi in t ca y ban Lin hip quc v Lut Thng mi ra i mng, to csnn tng cho pht trin thng mi in t trn th gii. y l cscho ccquc gia tham kho trong vic xy dng khung php l ph hp vi hon cnh ca quc gia

nhng khng i ngc vi cc qui tc quc t.Phm vi thng mi l rng ln trn khp ton cu, khng b gii hn v khng gian v thi giannn bt c mt vi phm no cng snh hng nhanh chng v lan ta ti cc hot ng khctrong thng mi in t. Do vy, vic cp nht nhng vn bn php lut cng nh ban hnhmi cc vn bn iu chnh tng lnh vc trong thng mi in t s gip cho hot ngthng mi in t pht trin lnh mnh.

Song song vi vic pht trin h tng cho thng mi in t th vn bo mt lun l yut ct li trong thng mi in t, c bit l bo mt thng tin c nhn cho ngi tiu dngtrn mng. Hin nay c rt nhiu bin php bo mt trong phi k ti b m ha thng

ip nh ch k s, phong b s, chng th s hoc c th s dng tng la hay dng ringmt mng o VPN.

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CU HI THO LUN:

1. Csh tng php l v Thng mi in t ca Vit Nam c c im g?2. Nhng kh khn v hn ch g khi xy dng csh tng cho s pht trin thng mi in t?3. Lut mu v Thng mi in t c hay khng quy nh nh thui vi cc hng ha

c mua bn qua mng? Nu c th quy nh nh th no?

4. Theo Lut v Ch k in t, Ch k in tc quy nh nh th no?5. Nu mt s tp qun trong thng mi in t.6. Cc loi quyn shu tr tu?7. Mng Intranet khc vi mng Lan nh th no? Mng LAN c th tr thnh mng Intranet

c khng?

8. Doanh nghip s dng mng Extranet vo nhng hot ng no? Cho mt v d c th trnth gii v ti Vit Nam.

9. thanh ton in t pht trin, nh nc v doanh nghip cn phi p ng nhng iukin g?

10.Nu nhng nhn t xc nh xem hnh thc thanh ton in t no c s dng nhiu nht.11.Th no l bo mt trong thng mi in t?12.Nu mt s ri ro v bo mt trong qu trnh tin hnh thng mi in t.13.Nu mt s gii php bo mt trong thng mi in t.14.Nu vi tr ca kha b mt v kha cng khai.15.T chi dch v (DDOS) l g?

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