Tìm hiểu năng lượng nguyên tử 1

7/31/2019 Tm hiu nng lng nguyn t 1

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Bo co

Tm hi u cc vn c bn v Nng lng nguyn t Cc ng dng ca cng ngh ht nhn

S pht trin ca in ht nhn tr n th gii v nc ta

Knh g i : Dr. Hong Anh Tu n : Ms. Nguy n Th Yn Ninh: Mr. Nguy n Vit Phng

H n i, 8 - 2011


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Bi T Thi Hong Trang 1

MC LC Mc lc......................................................................................................... 1Danh m c h nh nh ..................................................................................... 2

Ph n 1: Gi i thiu........................................................................................ 31.1. Nng l ng Nguyn t ...................................................................................... 10

1.1.1. nh ngha.................................................................................................. 10

1.1.2. L thuy t v nng lng nguyn t............................................................. 11

1.2. Cc ng dng ca cng ngh ht nhn ................................................................. 6

1.2.1. Trong l nh vc y t....................................................................................... 6

1.2.2. Trong l nh vc nng nghip, sinh hc.......................................................... 7

1.2.3. Trong l nh vckhoa h c, k thutv cng nghi p........................................ 7

1.2.4. Trong l nh vc nghin cu cc qu tr nh t nhin v b o v mi trng...... 8

1.2.5. Trong l nh vccung c p nng lng............................................................. 8

Ph n 2: V n pht trin nng lng ht nhn..................................... 102.1 in ht nhn...................................................................................................... 10

2.1.1. Cc ngu n cung cp in nngca th gii................................................ 10

2.1.2. u im...................................................................................................... 112.1.3. Nhc im................................................................................................ 12

2.2 S pht tri n in ht nhn trn th gi i ......................... ......................... ............ 12

2.3 Pht tri n in ht nhn Vit nam .................................................................... 14

2.3 .1. t vn .................................................................................................. 14

2.3.2. Th c hin................................................................................................... 15

Ph n 3 : K t lun....................................................................................... 17Ph n 4 : C c nng lng nguyn t Vit nam......................................... 18

4.1. Tm hi u vCc nng l ng nguyn t Vit nam .............................................. 18

4.2. Gi i thiu vbn thn ........................................................................................ 18

Ti li u tham kho..................................................................................... 20


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Danh mc hnh nh1.1. M hnh c u trc c a nguyn t .................................................. 4

1.2. Ph n ng phn h ch ht nhn U235 ............................................ 5

1.3. Ph n ng tng h p ht nhn Heli ................................................ 52.1. T l sn xut in trn th gi i................................................. 102.2. S phn b Uranium ................................................................... 11

2.3. V tr cc nh my in ht nhn trn th gi i ........................... 132.4. Quy ho ch pht tri n in Vit nam n nm 2025................... 14


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Phn 1 : Gii thiu 1.1. Nng lng Nguyn t

1.1.1. nh ngha

Nng lng nguyn t l nng lng c gii phng trong qu tr nhbin i ht nhnnguyn t bao g m nng lng phn hch, nng lng nhit hch, nng lng do phn r ch t phng x; l nng lng sng in t c khnng ion ho vt cht v nng lng cc ht c gia tc.

(Trch: Lu t nng lng nguyn t)

Ta ch yu cp n vn : nng lng sinh ra khi c s phn hch(chia tch) c a ht nhn nguyn t.

1.1.2. L thuy t v nng lng nguyn t

a) Cu to ca nguyn t

Ngay t thi c i (khong nm 450 TCN), loi ngi m i din l ccnh khoa h c hy lp c i c nh ng tngvic tt c cc loi vt cht (rn,lng hay kh) u c cu to t nhng ht v cng nh b v khng th cchia tch nh hnna gi l Nguyn t .

Tuy r ng k hi ni m nguyn t tn ti thng nghn n m qua nhng chtrong hai th k gn y, con ngi mi bt u hiu c nhng iu cn bn v Nguyn t v ngu n sc mnhv cng to l n cha trong vt th c khilngv cng nh b .

Khoa h cngy nay chng minh c nguyn t thc chtl m t ht ccu trcv bn thn n c to nn b i cc ht cn nh b hn na: Cu trcca n bao gmmt ht nhn nguyn t mang in tich dng (+) v cc int (Electron) mang in tch m (-) quay xung quanh h t nhn .

Ht nhn nguyn t li c cu to bi dy c cc ht Proton v Neutral.V bn cht hai loi ht ny b ng nhau v khi lng v kch thc nhng htProton mang in tch dng (+) cn h t Neutral khng mang in.

Bnh th ng, cc nguyn t lun trung ha v in do s lngcc h tmang in tch m (Electron) lun cn bng vi s lng cc ht mang in tcdng (Proton).


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Hnh 1.1 M hnh c u trc ca nguyn t .

V c bn, cc nguyn t khc nhau th nguyn t ca chng cng khcnhau v cu trc cng nh s lng cacc lo i ht cu to nn nguyn t canguyn t .

Cc nguyn t c xc nh theo s Proton c trong ht nhn (s nguynt) v s khica nguyn t (tnh bng khi lng ca ht nhn nguyn tbi v cc Electron c kh i lng khng ng k).

b) Ph n ng phn hch v ph n ng hp hch

Trong h t nhn nguyn t, cc Proton v Neutral, khi khong cch rtnh, gia chng s c mt lc ht rt mnh gi l nng lng lin k t. Nh nnglng lin k t ny m Proton v Neutral k t hp vi nhau v gi hnh thi nnh ca chng.

V l thuyt: nu chng ta ph v lin k t trong ht nhn ca nguyn t sto ra cc phn nh hn v ng thi gii phng nng lng lin k t gia chngdi dng nhit nng. Tuy nhin, ch mt vi nguyn t c cu trc ht nhncha thc s bn vng (thng l cc nguyn t c tnh phng x ) mi c ththc hin c vicchia tch ny to thnh cc nguyn t c cu trc bnvng hnv gi l phn ng phn hch ht nhn.

V d : mt htnhn nguyn t nng nh Uranium235 (c nng lng link t ln) khi hp thNeutral s b phn hch v tr thnh cc h t nhn nh hn(c nng lng lin k t tng i nh) ng thi pht ra cc Neutral m i v gii phng nng lng rt ln di dng nhitc 200Mev.


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Hnh 1.2 Ph n ng phn h ch h t nhn U235.

Ngc li: Nu to c lin k t gia cc ht nhn nguyn t nh tothnh h t nhn ca nguyn t mi nng hn (nhng li c nng lng lin k tnh hn tng nng lng lin k t ca cc ht nhn to thnh) th ph n nnglng d tha cng s c gii phng ra di dng nhit nng.Mt khc,nuphn ng tng hp ht nhn ny t o ra mt ht nhn mi c nng lng lin k tln hn tng nng lng lin k t ca cc ht nhn to thnh th ph n ng tnghp ht nhn ny li l phn ng thu nng lng (nhit nng). Khoa hc chng minh: s kt hp ht nhn ca cc nguyn t nh hn st v nickel th phng thch nng lng trong khi vi cc nhn nng hn th hp th nng lng.

V d : phn ng hp hch m con ngi thc hin cl k t hp gia hainguyn t Hydro tr thnh h t nhn nguyn t Heli n nh nhng li c nng lnglin k t ht nhn tng i nh.

Hnh 1.3 Ph n ng tng hp ht nhn Heli.


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Nh vy: khi ht nhn ca nguyn t b phn chia hoc tng hp(cc h tnhn nh ) th m t phn nng lng lin k tca n s c gii phng di dngnhit nng rt lngi l nng lng nguyn t (nng lng ht nhn).

c) Bn chtca nng lng nguyn t

Nng lngnguyn t l nng lng csinh ra khi c s bin i caht nhn nguyn t (c s thay i v tng khi lng ca tt c cc ht trcv sau ph n ng). Nng lng ny c biu din v mt ln gi trtheo phng tr nh c a Einstein:

= E l nng lng trong qu tr nh bi n i m : chnh lch khi lng trc v sau ph n ng(m=mt-ms) C l v n tc nh sngtrong chn khng c gi tr xp x 3x1 0 m/s

Theo nh phng tr nh trn, khi c s bin i ht nhn nguyn t thnhcc h t mi th km theo s bin i s sinh ra nng lng (nu m > 0) ho cthu nng lng vo (nu m < 0).

Do ph n ng phn hch ht nhn c tng khi lngcc h t trc phn ng ln hn nhiu so vi khi lngcc h t sau ph n ng nn theo h thctrn n sinh ra m t nng lng khng l.

d) Phn lo i :

Theo nh ngha: Nng lng nguyn t l nng lng c gii phngtrong qu trnh bi n i ht nhn nguyn t sinh ra di cc dng:

Nng lng nhit: Phn ln nng lng nguyn t c sinh ra didng nhit nng, pht trc tip ra mi trng xung quanh.

ng nngcho cc h t mi sinh: M t phn nng lng s cung cpng nng cho cc ht mi sinh ra, v lm cho cc h t c khi lngnh (ccht mang in dng nh ht ,Ion dng, cc ht mang inm nh Electronv cc h t khng mang in nhNeutral, tia ) c v ntc ban u rt ln. y cng chnh l ngu n gc sinh ra cc tia phngx trong ph n ng ht nhn.

1.2. ng dng ca cng ngh ht nhn

Cng ngh ht nhn v ng v phng x c ng dng c hiu qu vonhiu lnh vc khc nhau ca i sng x hi.Trong m t s lnh vc n cn cvai tr ch o v khng th thay th:

1.1.1. Trong l nh vc y t


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Cng ngh ht nhn gip to ra cc ng v phng x c bit quan trngv c s dng rng r i trong l nh vc y t :Cc lo i ng v chnh c snxut ti Lt l tm p P-32 iu tr cc bnhngoi da; dung d ch I-131di dng tim ho c ung chn on v iu tr bnh bu c; Tc-99m hin h nh tm cc kh i u bt thng trong no v tuy n nc bt. Hng nm,

khong 150 Ci cht phng x cc loi c sn xut ti L ph n ng ht nhn lt, p ng khong 60% nhu cu ca Ngnh Y t .

Ngoi ra, ng dng cc tia xtrong l nh vc chiu, chp, chn on h nhnh phc v vicchn on chc nng v bnh l cc c quan nitng cac th nh thn, gan, phi, h tiu ha.

Hn th na, phng php iu tr ung th bng x tr (chiu cc tia phnx tiu dit cc t bo ung th) cho n nay vn l phng php cha th thayth trong vic iu tr cn bnh nguy him ny.

1.1.2. Trong l nh vc nng nghip, sinh hc

Cng ngh ht nhn cng c tc dng v cng to l n, cbit l ng dngtia gy t bin gene to ra cc ging cy trng (ng, khoai, la, mt s lohoa, du t m) to ra cc ging mi c nng sut cao, chng chu su bnhtt v ph h p vi th nhng nhiu vng khc nhau. Ho c tc ng gy tbingene chnh cc lo i su hi cho cy trng (lm ch t hoc mt kh nng sinhsn ca chng).

To ra cc ch phm kch thch tng trng thc vt cho cy trng phttrin tt c ch to v ang trin khai th nghim din rng tr n ph m vic nc vidin tch hng trm hecta cc loi cy rau qu, lng thc v chonng sut tng t 15 - 30% so v i i chng ng thi gim c lng phnbn cho cy tr ng (do nc ta hin vn phi nhp khu ch yu phn bn chonng nghi p t Trung quc).

L nh vc khoa hc v cng ngh bc x nhm cc mc ch kh tr ng,bin tnh vt liu, bo qun thc phm v nng s n, ci to sinh khi, ch tomt s ch phm bng bc x nh cht mang vacxin, mng ch a bng, cht kchthch tng trng thc vt, ch phm phng ch ng nm thc vt, v.v...gip chohng ha nng s n c th c bo qun tt hn.Nng cao v th v gi tr snphm ca mt nc xut khu nng sn hng u th gii.

1.1.3. Trong l nh vc khoa hc, k thutv cng nghi p ng dng rng r i nh t ca cng ngh ht nhn phi ni n trong cc

ngnh xy d ng, kim tra, o lng (dng ki m tra, kim nghim, gim stv


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nh gicht lng cc cng tr nh, s n phm m khng c n tc ng vo vtcn kim tra), hay thm d, tm ki m v khai thc khong s n vi chi ph thp v chnh xc rt cao.

Ch vi vic ng dng k thut chp X-quang thng thng c th kimtra hng ho, b o m an ninh ti cc ca khu, sn bay. Hin nay, vic s dngk thut ny tr thnh yu c u bt buc trong kim tra cht lng mt s loicng trnh xy d ng v giao thng.

Mt khc, s pht trin ca cng ngh ht nhn s ko theo n l s phttrin ca nhiu lnh vc ngnh ngh nh : thit k, ch to cc thit b in t,ht nhn phc v cho chnh s pht trin ca ngnh. Pht tri n cc k thut phntch h t nhn, an ton an ninh trong l nh vc ht nhn cng v th m pht tri ntheo.

Trong l nh vc giao thng vn ti,nu p dng cng nghht nhn c th

gip cc phng tin gn nh hot ng sut im khng ph i mt ln npthm nhin li u: hin nay tr thnh phng php tn tin nht c ng dngtrong v n ti tu bi n v tu qun s c trng ti ln.

1.1.4. Trong l nh vc nghin c u cc qu tr nh t nhin v b o v mitrng

S dng ng v phng x mi trng kt hp vi k thut nh du phnx nghin cu din bin nhiu qu tr nh nh sa bi, bo mn, tr m tch, r r ,v.v... K t hp vi cc thng tin v thy vn v a cht, cc kt qu nghin c uca ngnh h t nhn cung cp cho cc nh qun l ngnh nng nghi p, thy licc s liu iu tra quan trng v mang ngh a thc t cao.

Nghin c u phng x mi trng v nhi m mi trng s dng cc kthut phn tch ht nhn v lin quan cho php theo di bi n ng camc phng x v tnh hnh nhi m mi trng khng kh c tin hnh trongnhiu nm qua mt s khu cng nghip v thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Tp HCh Minh

ng dng cc k thut ht nhn nghin cu nhim mi trng bincng ang c tin hnh. Ngoi ra, cc nghin c u kho st nng cc nhnphng x nhn to sinh ra do cc v th v kh v s c ht nhn tr n th giinh hng n Vitnam c ng cthc hin, c bit c kh nng t theodi v mi trng quc gia khi xy ra s c ht nhn t Nht bn.

1.1.5. Trong l nh vccung c p nng lng


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Ni n nng lng nguyn t, chng ta khng th khng nhc n inht nhn.C th ni, y l m t trong nhng l nh vc quan trng nht v cng dng nhiu nht ca nng lng nguyn t.

Theo tnh ton, s au 15 nm na,ring nhu c u v in s tng gp 10 lnhin nay, nhu c u v nng lng s tng gp 3 ln. Trc t nh th , s dngin ht nhn s l gii php t i u trong tng lai gn.

Trong xu th c th gii ang phi i ph vi him ha bin i kh huton c u, v ngu n nng lng ha thch ang ngy mt dn cn kit th giiphp in ht nhn l s la chn thch hp, gp phn tch cc thay th cc nhmy nhi t in s dng nhin liu ho thch, nhm hn chvic pht sinh kh thi nhi mvo mi trng gy hiu ng nh knh.


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Phn 2: Vn pht trin nng lng ht nhn 2.1. inht nhn

2.1.1. Cc ngu n cung c p in nng ca th gii

Hnh 2.1 T l sn xut intrn th gii.

V vn cung cp nng lng in ca th gii hin nay,chia lm 6 lo ichnh:

1. Cc nh my nhi t in dng nguyn li u than (39%) 2. Cc nh my nhi t in dng nguyn li u kh gas t nhin (17%)3. Cc nh my nhi t in dng nguyn li u du (8%) 4. Thy in(17%)5. in ht nhn (17%)

6. Cc ngu n nng lng in khc : ch yu l nng lng in ti sinh,nng lng in mt tri, sc gi (2%) Nhn xt:Hin nay, in ht nhn mi ch chim mt t l khim tn trong

t phn nng lng in ca ton th giiv iu ny s cha th sm thay itrong tng lai gn. Tuy nhin, v lu di khi m cc ngu n nng lng truynthng cn kit nhng nhu cu v nng lng li tng ln gp nhiu ln th vi cs dng nng lng in ht nhn c l l gii php kh thi nht.


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2.1.2. u imca in ht nhn u im to ln nht khi so snh in ht nhn vi ccloi nng lng in

khc chnh l s thn thin vi mi trng sng, do vic s dng nhit nng tcc ph n ng phn hch ca htnhn nguyn t , pht thi rt t kh CO2 gyhiu ng nh knh gi ng nh cc nh my nhit in dng nguyn li u ha thch ang tng ngy th i vo mi trng hng tri u tn khi bi c hi, hay nhvic xy dng cc thy in c th lm ph v cn bng hsinh thi c a c mtvng r ng ln.

Nhin li u chnh dng cho s n xut in htphn b ng utrn th gii cc khu v c c s n nh v mt chnh tr nn thu n tin cho vic khai thcv t c bi n ng ln v gi thnh.

Hnh 2.2 S phn b Uranium.

Do cc nh my in ht nhn s dng nhin liu cc k nh gn nn di ntch c n thit xy dng mt nh my in ht nhntiu chu n i hi khngln (gim thiu din tch ca cc bi cha nhin liu khng l nh cc nh mynhit in), hn na nhin liu cho nh my c th d dng v n chuyn nn v trquy ho ch ca nh my hon ton c th t nhng ni an ton, xa khu dn

c. Nh my in ht nhn c xy dng vi cc tiu chu n v k thut cao

nht. Cng ngh in ht nhn cngl cng ngh c nhiu nc pht trin pdng t lu v hin nay c nhi u ci tin k thut. V mtl thuy t, y lgii php c tnh an ton cao, kh nng to ra sn lng in ln (c hng nghnMW) v i ch mt nh my c di n tch nh.


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Tui thhot ng ca cc nh my in ht nhn l rt lu di (kho ng50- 60 nm), m bo vic cung cp nng lng n nh trong thi gian di vchi ph v n hnh, b o dng li r. C th cho hiu qu kinh t cao, hn na chiph cho vi c hu x l sau khi thod nh my u c tnh trong chi phu t xy dng ban u.

2.1.3. Nhc imca in ht nhn

Ni n in ht nhn l ni t i chi ph u t xy dng ban urt lnng thi i hi phi c mt i ng chuyn vin, k thut vin c trnh cao vn hnh, qu n l hoc x l khi pht sinh s c.

Nguyn li u ch yu cho cc nh my in ht nhn hot ng theo cccng ngh hin nay l Uranium. y l mt ngun ti nguyn c tr lng thptrn tri t (c 4 triu tn) nn nu pht trin cc nh my in ht nhn mtcch t v khng c tnh ton chi ti t th trong t ng lai s thiu nhin liu phc v cc nh my ny ho t ng.

Thi gian xy dngmt nh my in ht nhnl khng nh , t khi lnk hoch, ra quyt nh, thuyt phc ngi dn chp nhn n khi xy dnxong c khi ph i ko di hng ch c nm.

Tuy c thit k v xy d ng vi cc tiu chu n an ton k thut cao nhtnhng mt khi xy ra s c th s tr thnh th m ha nghim trng c nhhng rng ln hn bt k s c ca cc loi h nh nh my in no khc.

Cng ngh sn xut in ht nhn hin nay gn nh l cng ngh cquyn ca cc nc pht trin cng vi nhng lo ngi v vic ph bin v khht nhn khi bt c mt quc gia no c nh t nghin cu v pht tri n inht nhn.V th in ht nhngn nhtr thnh cng ngh c quyn ca mtvi nc v cc nc mun s dng cng ngh ny s l thuc vo cc ncnitrn (t khu thit k, xy dng, vn hnh, chuy n giao cng ngh n vic khaithc, s n xut nhin liu phc v s hot ng ca nh my).

Vn ng quan nginht khi xy dng in ht nhn l sn phmcccht thi cha phng x sn sinh ra trong qu tr nh ho t ng ca nh my (ph nnhiu trong s cn thi gian rt di phn hy), tuy s lng khng nhinhng n hin nay vn cha c mt bin php thc s kh thi no cho vi c xl cc h u cht thi phng x ny. Do , vic xy dng mt nh my in htnhn l km theo cc v n an ninh, an ton phng x ht nhn trong sut mtthi gian di sau .

2.2. S pht trin in ht nhn trn th gii


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Hin nay, in ht nhn v ang l ngun nng lng ch o nhiunc. Trong ch yu l cc nc pht trin hoc c dn s ng (3 quc gc dn s ng nht l Trung qu c, n v Hoa k u c s dng in htnhn).

V vn mi trng, cho n naycng chac ng vin no sc thayth in ht nhn trong d n nng lng cho tng lai, v in ht nhn xem l nng lng sch v khng x kh thi hy hoi mi trngv gi thnhhp l nu em so vi gi thnh t ca nng lng ti to.

Hnh 2.3 V tr cc nh my in ht nhn trn th gii.

Hin nay trn th gii c 442 l phn ng ht nhn ang hot ng(phnb ch yu Bc m, Ty u v Nh t bn), 65 l ang trong qu tr nh xy d ng,v rt nhiu l khc trn d n.Cc qu c gia tiu biu cn k n l:

1. M : c104 l ang hot ng, M l c ng quc s mt v in htnhn, cung c p khong 20% tng nhu cu v in nng ca c nc.Tng thng Obama gn y cam k t khon vay 8 t USD xy

dng

thm cc nh my ht nhn ca M k t nm 1979

.2. Php : C 58 l phn ng, Php ang ng v tr th hai trn th gii v

in ht nhn. Hin ti, khong 77% in nng ca Php l t cc lphn ng, mt t l cao nht th gii.

3. Nht bn : Tuy l quc gia nm trn vng acht khng n nh,thng xuyn hng chu cc thm ha ng t, sng thn nhng dothiu thn v ngun ti nguyn thin nhin c ng nh nhu cu v nng


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lng v i hi v mt nn cng nghip pht trin thn thin vi mitrng. Ti thi im nm 2000,Nht Bn c 51 l ph n ng pht inht nhn ang vn hnh, tr thnh nc s dng ht nhn ng th 3trn th gii, sau M v Php. chi m khong 30% tng sn lng inca quc gia ny.

4. Ngoi ra m t s nc pht trin nh Anh, c Nga u c t l sdng in ht nhn t tr n 20% t ng sn lng in quc gia, mt squc gia ang pht tri n khc nh Trung quc, n cng u txy d ng cc nh my in ht nhn. Tuy t l trong cung cp nnglng cn th p nhng cc chnh sch pht trin nng lng ca ccquc gia ny v n lun cao vn s dng nng lng ht nhn chotng lai.

2.3. Pht tri n in ht nhn Vit nam

2.3 .1. t vn

Vit nam l mt quc gia ang pht trin theo hng cng nghip ha, hin i ha. Mt c im quan trng l nhu c u v nng lng pht trin kinh tlun l m t nhu cu rt ln. Yu cu v pht trin nng lng thng gp hai lntc pht trin v kinh t, v vi tc pht trin kinh t khong 7.5% nhhin nay th i hi ngnh cng nghi p nng lng (i din l nghnh in)phi c tc pht trin khong 15%/nm. y l mt con s kh ln v khngd thc hin.

Hnh 2.4 Quy ho ch pht trin in Vit Nam n 2025.


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Trong m y nm tr li y, t nh hnh cung c p in ca Vit Nam ngycng tr thnh v n nan gii khi s pht trin ca ngnh in qu chm chpVic tng gi ca cc nguyn liu u vo cho s n xut nhit in tng cao, ccngun cung cp nc cho cc h thy in cn kit v khng n nh lm chothiu ht in nghim trng, nh hng su rng n i sng ca nhn dn v

s pht trin kinh t ca t nc. Trong iu kin cc yu t sn xut in nng ngy cng thi u thn:

nguyn li u s dngcho nhi t it cn kit(Vi t nam ln utin ph i nhpkhu than phc v nhu cu sn xut in trong nc. Theo TKV, d kin slng than nhp khu t nay n nm 2012 khong 10 triu tn/nm v s tngdn tng nm. n nm 2020, d kin Tp on s nhp v khong 100 triutn/nm), vic quy hoch cc h thy in s dng phn nhiu tr lng thynng ca t nc, hn na 70% ngun nc ca chng ta c lu vc nm

nc ngoi, v tng lai, khi cc ngun nc ngy cng khan hi m th vic phttrin nng lng thy in theo cng kh khn hn.Tt c nhng i hi bc thit trn tra yu c u l phi m bongun

cung c p in cho nn kinh t pht trin bn vng v a dng hacc ngu ncp, ng thi vn tun th nghim ng t cc cng c v chng bin i kh huth gii m Vi t Nam k, ta nh n thy in ht nhn l mt trong nhng phng n c ch ,v c tnh kh thi nht.

T vic phn tch mt cch khch quan xu th hin nay ca th gii v khuvc i vi vic pht trin in ht nhn; t vic xem xt trn cc quan im vnhu c u, v an ninh nng lng v v pht trin tim lc ca t nc; t vicnh gi tnh kh thi ca chng tr nh in ht nhn da trn cc c s v githnh v u t, v an ton v x l thi, v c s h tng v nhn l c, v aim xy dng nh my; v.v... c th khng nh rng Vit Nam hon ton c iu kin thc thi Chng tr nh pht tri n in ht nhn trong nhng nm uca th k 21.

2.3.2. Th c hin

Ngy 17 thng 6 nm 2010, Th tng Chnh phNguy n Tn Dng kquyt nh ph duy t nh hng quy hoc pht trin in ht nhn Vit namgiai on n nm 2030. Theo , Vit nam s tin hnh pht tri n in ht nhnv s pht trin tr n quy m r ng ln trong tng lai. V vy, phi c nhngnh hng trc mt cho s pht trin ngun nng lng kh mi m ny:

1. u tin ph i c cc quy nh c th nh hng r rng v vic phttrin nng lng ht nhn Vit Nam. ng thi tuyn truy n, ph


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bin kin thc cho ngi dn v li ch ca vicpht tri n nng lnght nhn. y l vn u tin v t i quan trng v ch khi c cnhng quy nh cht ch v s ng thun ca ngi dn th mi c thtin hnh c cc cng vic tip theo.

2. Phi o t o c mt i ng nhn lc bc u c kh nng p ngc cc nhu cu v vn hnh nh my in ht nhn, cao hn na lcc cng vi c duy tuy, bo dng hoc thm ch x l khi pht sinh sc.

3. m bo an ninh, an ton tuy t i v cc cht thi phng x sinh ratrong qu trnh v n hnh nh m y in ht nhn.Cc ch t thi ny ph ic kim tra v qu n l nghim ng t nht trnh r r ra mi trnghoc tht thot ra bn ngoi v s gy ra cc hu qu to ln.

4. Xy d ng cc phng n d phng khi pht sinh cc s c v in htnhn (k c cctnh hu ng c xc sut thp nht). Bi v , tuy cxy d ng theo cc tiu chu n nghim ng t nht v an ton nhngchngta vn khng bao gi c thtnh h t c n mi t nh hu ng c thxy ra, c bit l s tht thng ca t nhin. Do , phidng sncc phng n i ph ph hp.

V d : Ngy 11/3 khi tr n ng t mnh 9 richter lm rung chuy n b bin pha bc Nht Bn v gy ra sng th n hn 10m b vo cc khu v c venbin, gyra s c ht nhn nghim tr ng ti nh my in FukushimaI v lm

cho th gii hong s mt phn l do cng ngh s dng lc hu, mt phn v nhng ngi thit k nh my cha bao gi tnh ton n vic s xy ra mt trng t vi cng mnh n nh vy(mc d cc nh my in nguyn tca nht c thit k c th chu c cc trn ng t mnhm 10,000 nmch xy ramt ln).


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Phn 3 : Kt lunLch s ch ng kinnhng iu ng s v nng lng nguyn t. l

nhng hnh nh hy dit kinh hong sau khi qun i M nmhai qu bomnguyn t xungNht bn trong nh th chin,hay cc th m ha v in htnhn nghim tr ng xy ra M (1979); Lin x (1986) v m i y nht l sc ht nhn Nht bn V th , ccvn v nng lnght nhn, innguyn t lun l v n v cng nh y cm m khi cp nvn lm chonhiu ngie ngi v trc mtch nh n th y nhng mt tri v qun inhiumt tch cckhc c a n.

Vic s dng nng lng ht nhn ang nhn c nhng kin tri chiu Nhng c mt iu quan trng m nhng ngi v ang phn i gay gtvic s dng nng lng ht nhn qun m t rng : Tuyt i a s ngi dntrn th gii u mong mun c mt cuc sng tt hn ( l nhng iu kiv mi trng sng, mc sng v s pht trin ca x hi sng).Nu hon tonchi b nhng mt tch cc cavic s dng nng lng ht nhn th trongtng lai, mt cuc sng vibu khng kh b nhim nng n, cc ngun tinguyn c n kit, x hi thiuthn nng lng pht trins vin cnh chonhn lo i?

Pht tri n v s dng nng lng ht nhn c nhiu li ch to lnv c ngc v s nhng n ha khn lng nhng n v ang tham gia tch cc vott c mi mt i sng ca chng ta v ch c chn s l mt la chn ph hp

trong tng lai nhm m bo an ninh nng lng v m bo cc yu t v mtrng sng cho nhn loi.


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Ph n 4: Cc nng lng nguyn t Vit nam 4.1. Tm hi u vCc nng lng nguyn t Vit nam

Cc nng lng nguyn t (NLNT) Vietnam Atomic Energy Agency(VAEA) c thnh l p theo Quyt nh s 156/Q-BKHCN ngy 05/02/2010

ca B trng BKhoa h c v Cng ngh (KH&CN). L c quan hnh chnh trc thuc KH&CN. C chc nng tham mu, gip

B trng B KH&CN thc hin qun l nh nc i vi cc hot nnghin c u, ng dng v pht tri n NLNT tr n ph m vi c nc v thc hinchc nng qun l ca Cc.

Ch o, iu hnh v ra cc vn bn v cc tt c cccng vi c,d n linquan n NLNT ti Vit Nam.

4.2. Gi i thiu v bn thn

H v tn : Bi T Thi HongHKTT : 3C T 2 P. Quan hoa Q. C u giy Tp. H n i Trnh chuyn mn : K s in, chuyn ngnh K thut o v Tin h c

cng nghi p H chnh quykha h c 51 i hc Bch khoa H ni Ttnghip nm2011.

Trong th i gian hc tp ti i hc Bch khoa H ni, ti c trang b mt nn tng kin thc tt v o lng iu khin gim st. Cc v n v

h thng in, h thng thng tin cng nghipc k nng tt v thit k mchphn cng in t, lp tr nh cho cc h vi x l thng dng. Am hiu mngInternet, thnh th o tin h c vn phng, c bit l thc hin thit k v thuy ttrnh Powerpoint t t. Mt khc, mt s kin thc ngoi k thut nhkin thcv qun tr hc, qun l cng nghip, lp k hoch cng c trang b tt.

Ngoi cc ki n thc chuyn mn, b n thnti l m t ngi c tinh thnon kt, ha ng vi tp th. C th lm vi c c lp hoc lm vi c nhm,lm vi c c trong mi trng c p lc cng vic cao. Hn na, i vi cphong tro, ho t ng mang tnh tp th ti u tch cc tham gia. Trongnhngnm u hc i hc, ti c tham gia vo ho t ng t nh nguy n ca Hi sinhvin trng, lm y vin ban ch p hnh lin chi h i sinh vin K51 i trngi t nh nguy n lin chi h i sinh vin K51, sau lm y vin ca tiu ban t nhnguyn Hi sinh vin i hc Bch khoa H ni. Cc phong tr o, ho t ng calp hay on th pht ng ti u tham gia vi tinh thn trch nhim cao.


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Ti c bit Cc Nng lng nguyn t ang c nhu cu tuyn dng nhnvin mt s v tr cng tc, trong c vtr : Chuyn vin k thut Nnglng nguyn t. Qua tm hi u, ti c bit chc nng ca Cc Nng lngnguyn t l thc hin vic qun l, gim st i vi cc hot ng nghin c u,ng dng, pht tri n nng lng nguyn t Vit Nam. V cc cng vi c iu

hnh, ch o, i vi cc d n nng lng ht nhn Vit Nam (trong cd n in ht nhn s c xy dng nc ta vo nm 2014).Ti ngh rngmnh c ki n thc v k thut v mt s hiu bit nht nh qun l cngnghip, nu c tuyn dng vo lm vi c ti Cc, ti c th m nhn cc cngvic nh: Tham gia vo xy dng cc vn bn quy nh v qun l hot nnng lng nguyn t, tham gia vo kim tra- gim st vi c thc hin xy dngca cc d n v nng lng nguyn t, tham giavo vi c xy dng cc quynh v an ton nng lng ht nhn,xy d ng cc phng n gim thiu tchi nu c s c v ht nhn xy ra. Ngoi m t s cng vic tr n, ti s c gnglin t c trang b cho m nh cc ki n thc chuyn mn ph hp vi cccngvic c giao ph. Nu c tuyn dng, ti xin cam oan nghim ch nh chphnh m i quy nh ca Cc v hon thnh t t cng vic c giao.


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Bi T Thi Ho g T g 20

Ti liu tham kho 1. nh hng quy hoch v pht tri n in ht nhn Vit Nam

giai on n nm2030

2. H i & p v nng lng nguyn t - Y. Iwakoshi

3. Lu t nng lng nguyn t 4. Websites :

http://varans.vn

http://www.vaec.gov.vn

http://vi.wikipedia.org

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