Title Quadrupole Effects in NMR Spectra on Short-Lived ²-Radioactive Nuclei, 12B and 12N Author

Title Quadrupole Effects in NMR Spectra on Short-Livedβ-Radioactive Nuclei, 12B and 12N

Author(s) Minamisono, Tadanori

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URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/2423

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Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKAOsaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA

https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/

Osaka University

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ili'i'iil'l:"1',•,Ji.'.;/"''l'lil,1'st,6e"l'li//e';l'l'ii,i:ml{Ii2'i:kbr,stileiixIdlll/ILi,1'",i",'g/1111,''i.1iillllli('i'iill'illlilillilli'iiiillii'

respectively and impianted ln polJrcrystalline stmiples of bee metais, TiBa ana,.ZrBx' .

,,', ' "gre studied. The nttelear polariuation wes pTeBervef.1 by use of the preeervation '

'' whtie field and monitored by the resultant asyimetric 15-decay. The initial

pelarisatlan of reÅëoiled nuclei at a reaetion angle ef 30 degrees were .v16-% at

the ,incident energies E(d') x l.43 MeV and E(3He) z 5.8 heV for respective reaetione.

In order to observe the quadrupole effeets in NMLR spectra, a frequency modu-

,.i,',,F`:,d.rf,fLi::.OX.;,,lgllllXbl.':.Ii:,,.haddi:,be,.2r.Z'ilg;eg,b:ea.,:l.:.,`h.e..e.Xpe,CAIaZi,e,.ll,lllnl"',,

•J '`'- {m '12B and 12N implanted in bec rretals showed elear cmpateristics of the quadrupole

interaction, which indicated the interstitial sites of the impianted eleTnents in

12 ve N. 1!h6 cibser!ed B and the bÅëa netals of whieh atcmis were heavier compared with . IP.::'.aIkre.a,ril,lkme.d.lll'l,:.III,gf,hhe.lgru,".;,ll,.a.;f.q.":gr;s/ole,fiige:t::'l,h:e,tt.:te

which were' Å}n ag!Bement yith the results frQn} the,e -decay clata. The resilts' on .

quadrupole coupling constants sTe i(la(]2B in ra)---- 3eqQ12 m (2a2 t lo)kHz, JZt5<

` l2B in iib) = (Jos Å}, u)kHz, %(12B in Mo) x (ls6Å} 26)kHz, ,Z,(3L<i2B in w) s (s4oL

4o)kHz, ,(,la(l2N.in Ta) at (o.gl to.12)TcHz, and Za6(12N in Nb) s (oeg6 Å}o.u)maze

Large differenees ani(mg the coup]ing conBtants were fcnihd, i.e. ehe field gradient -.4' t.. acted on i2B in tik' r!Rtai of thevtth grcrup in the periodic t.a, bie was aimoet twiee

"t ' larger than that in the uatal ef the Vth greun in the same per.iod, and the field

{pa"ient aeted (m i2N<vth tpelinp> tfi a metai of Vrh group vere s .y io times iarger

than that scted on i2B(urth"greup). , , .• ' ve B, measurernentswere In order to detemtine the nuelear quadrupole mcment of ,. -ge, eq,,Tl,l2j ,1..,.41.z oi ,uptch 7.uyri,l .11.eleouptirg conafmts on i). .,. Vll.i.. 1, IT,,,..,,r,,,1,'",• ,.it

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i"''i' 'j' ''rdi6in. it'was eleeltlal' ihll' the',.,,dn,.,'i2b .Ll,, ..,.,,',.tmu'1:'1"llllll)iiliii''tili/'t. i•//i:11'"t illiill'l";i"

B in the sarnples so that the known internal fieid was effedtitie. fhe B"bStitution

' vae supported by the fact thav .the ratio of the field gedienis whie}i ac,pa. d on I2B. '

was tn agreement vith the known zatio on 11B. fthe resulte are Va(i2B in"lit!iBDti

(231t 24)kHz, and Ua(12B in zrB2)=(74Å} 7)kHz. cemparisega Nith known cchpMrig

cchetants on 1]B gives the ratio of the quadrupoie mortsents to be lQ<i2B)IQ(ilB)l s

i 11 O.42Å}O.04. The knoim value of the quadrupole monnnt of B yteids tbe quadrupole moNent to be IQ(i2B)l a (o.olsi '.t' oecoizl.) barne. ,

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' ier-equency Medulation of the rf Field ./" ' e)

ts/ d) ApplScation ef the hethod" ' tttELECt!!RIC QUADRUPOLE INTERACTrON ru H;GH )CAGNETIC PJXM

a) 'Syzasnetric F,ie,ld Gredient - . - . tttt ' tt b)- Asym}betric liiieid Gradient ' ..' r•'t ' c) NMR Spectra . ' i) Single Crystal Pattern' , " . iD Poly erysul PatteTn ' ' 'Rli}eOIL IMPMICi!rATICpt ' ' ' ' tt a) Possible Sites of the Recoii.Nuclei ' `"

' • i) ?ace-Centered-Cubie MDtal, ''

ii) Body-Centered-eubic Mets) ' ' ' isi) YIB2 and 2rB2 Cases, . ,x .,. tt b) Electrie PieidGradient ,. , , u ' ' ' ' t' v'EP.CPER[PCENTAL APPARALfl!US AND.PRocSDURE ,.•--' ••,• -' 1 a) . py Qanc ti on ot peiarszad i2B :,anpt. ;9N, Nue iedi

' .t t ' ' jb,) Datq.,AccuilL}laticn and Its Control System r. './

.c) bspa"'Mttins .,• '' 1• - -•EXPERImama11, RlwtIUPS ' ,. ''. /tt t ' tt '' a) 1it;cpe rtipe..n,t on ffc he tals .T . . i

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b) •E:xperinent on bec hetals , ' 12 X,, e) Qua(tupele Moment of B

pls(xssrcus

SUN!IARY on THE RESULrS

ACXNOWIEosaxENT

RE FEREPifcaS

mnICES A Cptacimapole-rnteraction Hami]tonean

B- Dipelar Broadening Caicuiation

C Res(mant Destruction of Polarization

D Appra)timation of the Center-Pea]c Heights in

Quacirupoie Spectra

E Range Spectrum of the Implanted Nuclei

P Extreme Points of the Eiectric Petential in

G rlett Chart of a bota Analysis' Pr'ogrun

a ,g Plov chart of a beta accumulation hogram

I betail", of the Experimen.tdl System

the

bce

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erystal

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tt7-2 mboiar broadening , • , '; . ,.. r:•' ''•, •'' .{•B9 '

illi"iL/(///Pll,II,2//1//lllliLoi5el,,s•/}//".//.,,//i,ik.//[f•/////.111i-,i.//,;."i/i8,O/l•iiif;;//.,-,ttt,,..

• 'x ''7-7A i2B• in'li,II2!?r.8.ge, dz.,)2 (iz dkt •o)'d,e6 Eo>" 1' ''''i•t '' ' L ' igZ. '' ,1''1;

';-ge'uB<-' kiB' ,O

"d`ZzXrkstle)eo.3 ,h4/as =>sl? ' ''ue1,.,'' i''

s•-i fil-decay data af i2B and i2N ii4e-2 Nuclear guadrupole moreents of boron ieotopes 114

' tt8iZf[l;a,1:r}/exg.iett!4nt2x,,,:fa2•x:;lx"enodd,,(.,.!S2i'`,],.,t"y,c.itrva,&,,,ts..Ii,`-.

; 'B-i 'a`zr.6 . 'i ', ., ,'•' 1

B-2 Nurnerical values used in tne calculati(m of dipolar

.t broadening (fcc) ' ' B-3 Numerical values used in the ca]cu]ation of dipolar

' breadening. (beC) • . ' ' D-1 Approximation of the center-peak he"ght in the quad]il}ole

-; ' spectra . ' ' ' -.

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-''i' .`'•i '' i' '', .,.'' '' ,/ l,,1 ''ll.."''' '" 1"" :l '•` .'1 ,, ,. ,, ,,.

' , ,, ,. /' ..e /. . ./. tt.I . I-t . t,, t. tt tt t rinx6s ' ''1 ' ',/ .''" :. 1.1 ', 1" 'Ikl ,1 ,'' 11 iii='" .,[' '' ,.. ,,i 'r ''1 '',,

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••

li`111i•-'i':,ci;•i••i,::hihi://"'{,i.ilA,;//R/•f{i/111kll`:,i-'l'1.,i;rll/iti:,i/t,eiill'.,,,I////,111'r//i,',,,/1/li;ii/,tt//r••,..

•2." i. :.ol,' :;is"::: ::,f:: ,`2 g; 2Xz; O,•,ix,' - ,',,'•,'i-•, i'1//- i,/1.

''5-l• Range speetrum of the implanted..nu61e,i '"' '. ,' -;' ,,,''

/5-2, Prcibable sites (fce) ' ' .• / '"+t'' • ''5-3 ' Probable sites (bec)

5`-4 Sphere about ths nuclear site - ' ' ',6-1 Beim trunsport ayetem ,• ' ' ' 6"2 Tariget and target holder ' " ' ' tt t '•fi-SA Targetchamber ' ,• 6'5B Target chamber . ` 6-4 Receii angle----- recoil energy relaticm (12B)

6'5 Recoil angle--•- reeou energy reiation (12N)

6-6 CouPies af Si(Li) detectors

t }, 6-•7 hlse beight. spectn;m oÅí tbeepttiolee

6-8 Glypical time spectrum of'the P -c(nmtiag fr(m l?B ,'

' ' 6-9 lbrpicel'tias spectmh of the fii-ecnmting freN 12N ', '

6-10 Energy dependence of the'nuclear polarization (X2B)

6-n Energy dependence of the maelear poiarization (12ig) ' ' ' 6-.12 Recoil stopper and its hoidsr . '

' ' -vi" "• tt ' tt ' '

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ij'sg'al 6oj3,I''k-,,6S{i'"aiebpe-',all'i 'tgl.'.lhl,' ':"<'iS'i"t .Ie/',i' ... .i• /,.

I ' ,,,fi"" Preguency deviatipm of the rf tield.

ttt .t -ti'1.//,'iiill/tll,.s'l':'r)'i,//,X,.11,,l,:,9T/,g,:,{Oikii.lg/,i/'///j•9•ti/r.kl-;'?'tlt,i[.IF.f;',,,//•//,t•i/,,,1.i;/g••r`{•,

66-'l8g BTyi;ltilalZillltllle::!vhOf the f-iata accilrpfE,,e,fyi{m system ;-

7-1 rf, tield inrensity depehdences af 'tbe NMR speetra (tee)

;7;2 ''i t,i'nteqqil depsndences ec.t'hljts)TIR' width (tec)

'''7-3 NM4 speetra en l?B'in fce metellg"'' ' , , ' ' ' ' ' . 7-4 'Nim spedtra 'on iqDi' in fee h,etals ' ' ' 7-5 Mgdulation diepen(tences of the N)IR intensity

7-6 ciuadrupole speetre on 12B in Ta

7-7 (luadr'upele apsetrupi on 12B 'in Ta

' ' ' '7ny8 (tuisdrupete gpeetre on 12B in-lgb ' 7•-91t Quttdrupole Bpectra on 12B in Mo

.7-9B Q,uadrupole spectrvm en i2B in Mo ' t' ' ' ' .t 1 7.le Quadrupple speetra on 12B inv '

-- i 7rT7,, Modu)ation abeek (i2N in Ai )

7-14 Qsiadrupole speetra en 1251 in k

-,, - 7•-15 Quadrtzpele spectra Qn i?N in Nb '

7-ifs4 Quadrupoie speetra on i2B in bee netais <i2. lec},(e2Leeo )

7-16B Quadrupole gpectra on 12B in bcc metals ( CL?EC?laj({lrpO )

7-l7A Quadrupole speat vu on ]?N in bcc netalg ({Z ltD `Zkva)

7-17B, Quadrupole spectra on iqN in bec ne'tals ( aib09<llkO)

7-18 Populations in the magnetic sublevels (12B)

7-19 Populations tn the:magnetie sublevels (12N)

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ss ge?,th ",,",, "'. ", ., .:,s 'sgiiL-Fe:•i",l::'clgy$le ri'pi

i, z be -rtix- . ptinki,stsk:kek.g

rli.'F:rrll•ii..t,(,i.J'';1.}ffrl'•Ii-•`"Li{". .,•il,.-•1'IF"'S,rii''Tl..'Vlt .' . ', "ti .' .,' 'iillli:: .•',tC",i'•"ji

it'iii•illi'lglitil)liillllil,ii(ik),11.lili,ii..i.lli'i.Iii.,iil]-ii,"iii'l•.,liiii•;lii•iiiliiii[I/.Ii'lli,.,1i ,i i..,,,'' i ••,...-,,..'i,ii..i,11-iii'.•,•ii,.ii.•'illl,,i,i-•iiL'i'il'ii •;i!ii

ll.1/i•,i/[///iiil///il'1111iil"'il,/ltl•i,,",-,esil•ili/,.ii;ti,lei.•9:`rim'i•k/p•o•iUi:1-r,liiiL/11i/liii/ill-••ijk'ii/:•Eii'11;l,G..:'i11xP.iiiiil:1•'Eiill•i,Ll1/m:',il',1'••s

/i,l,,iill,ll[ii'•,iirl/Ll:.iir;....r.,//,i,•.-ili,Pein"Legl.:Xì:':tsoi,g.h.e'.\,tl:;'::s`:';";;l::2,:i':l.or,"lg,;po.!:,t!i,,,'Y,,,//•-1•..Y'

Il',1,ll//--:l..,,iail,l:lxpuicekee:kg:xtr,s,f:,se,L,...,roajxf,i:':es.pe.cm,.ge,o".g,lhe.s'ka3.tig.re/elgeltl,'kv.i.ji

lg[1"'•iii 1'1,•i:1'4S,t.ttltp,uted'"'//osthe p're' se` ,nee of'a quadrupoie i"teraetion. The rsdio-tre.qgep`c'ty'LrG'i'; " ',,/';/

"/i`

itil]1'11ir,1//'",'.L2'i'tl'1.l,:i':tt'l:le//I,iin'i,:.:S,il:ll9,:led..,b,'.ov"a.b,i,",.t'.a,,.IGiil',:.ld.7"iii6'Sgf.'jil'Ia,P,Pl,iei.llll.Oi,,liJ'IJ

IIiJ•L://..,,;- .1,-•;.uz,.,i.,:,:,li:,,dn:..,i;'::lvei?t//S.;X;.jttt.h',,nnc.,ieG::a.:::..:,ì.'.c.'e,S.bnmp""Ci.i.,:!ll,l).,te/eh,n..6.lq2.,bY,2it.oc.E: ,..

/,,-,l'ir.1,''ill.•'' (.1..II.li.../g.;//,i!OI..aili',lhe,..,ma,111:•.ar''.l:91,ll:,//::I,a.,i.eetilSll.:n,iil,il.ee,:f6•Ill['lIII,7i.:l.9d..I[1,OZ,,l.Ed!l911g.•..•

., -". "li"fid nuelear Åítates by the experimentat eonditions in spite of the vsst.contr` ibt-"

v tl'l.' tiort,is te .V.he stud;es <m the nucl•3ar moments. The rrucleav lifetime has to be longer .- 'i .. , ,•.' than'a few mUikive,s. Recently a.nCrbi riSvRl technique has been developect by Kr tblgtirnoto

l.,,.iilli.,1'i//irll•-.liilLt/L--,,il'i,l..'i1.i:"'l1':'9/1//:`,l•l6asbii•.;:h:.i..:"",M..e'l/illll';'J!,,i':•:'//•in,iii/l.j•illYli,.riiil:'r/",J,!/lgiilosii'k'311,iS8,,;,

i•l.,11,1iS-.-.ii.,i,,i;.:`tl-l;di11•i.y•i.'",?,.pels,i,jltli//,/,,-dn'-u:,i2:/liige,illuiil"'ili6ll'i;,1:.g.,l;.,$l:""cl2ar..tl?.2`lin1-.•,.ht't,se,tt,,1•,

lii[iiii,,11111i•iii•l-ii/il.•;•l///:-Ji,,l;,,,li;.•,/,I,i,i,/L.,1,•-,,li/gl/i.ii,;,l•J.1i',11:l'tllt•:1/•:/i,.://;l:Z.e'/ì,,i'di/i1•1,,1.i,il;11tl//li,tli.l:.,.1.Ilt,il,.11,1:.,'lle,'1,it;;/,11,,,.T,-,,Jil;i/,,tlllllÅé.'ll'•'/•;'i••i,,,,.'r,ll.';

..,,-'

{,.....J.i.gl,'l.e.iib...rlliii•,g.,i,LrlÅÄ•,,';,gih,lil'hlll,ll,l'i"'i"il;h'lliLk,,i,•Gl:'i'iAtl'tJ'iii;tii/iii'4'i'il•')'l',111il/"',il•t;1/,iil{;111'i'//:'tli/,Sllilillli,l.llll///,illli"Il/;i.illlliill.illll•i,.

• :,,f;,.;;ttp,.gg.sgTiE,},t /L.,,.e..gr-ugttgn o: the r. oiarizat'`M bY,..a ,.ieela 'IP"9"ÌI.le, '•{l:l.!Il,,, .11,,,'f,pt.,fi, • 1./l/r//?..tt'.TIt.k,;/r',11'/1/1

,.. ..,;//,,,,1.J. ;..:.!s.hi. s teehnicl",e..can be elSended to the irrVestigag. on fl.t. She.,int9tl,FTF., ..2',fM'9.g7/ /.,:.'.,; ',I,.,,,/1 //t{,

g'" .r' 1'.,I;•IIs:,,.,e'6[.ts:.:ltrYilltllh&'e,i:.nl:l:.)f'`LS•iikt';l.::l..lmaitt•l•opA,l.f,h/•'.::,ov'e,.,e'i::l,IIi.L,•,,•$ir'6.'.ili-1'iiiiil''.,,

''L inlerectS6hs were investigated. '/..:n the course ef the study, it was g.Pdn. Spa. ,e.tktse .' i',.li

';'

,,

,c'"•,I.lt"tlliea.8i20Bf:'h:e.ttN"I•e.re,.g..e".b.iCtiiCfi"il?l:lgtllr"ewli.O.Odtl:ii!rpia.nl:l26t:Xli.M.eddiia.bfr.IIlll.l;yi . -i.i•

'y. -t erystalline metals lilce tantalurn were used, rto prominent NMR effeg.t was,,D.Pserved -.

'Jwhile the i}olarizations were vell• preserved. The eauses were.ooizaidered tq be dve •ij,

.. .,. . . . -. L. .. r. "t' te the quadrupole interaction r.esulted frarn the asyrmretrie distributian of'the'•• ".•-, .'.r

suirl.'.ounding host ions fit the interstitial s]tes in ,thg body cente:red cubic <i,?ee, ),-,' •T''-

iistals. 1!he eauses of the in+.eraction waÅí we11 certified to be quadmpele inter" t ttt ' '." .as tion in the present study. ,. . ' :' ,.• . t•

tt. t. t.tT,. ."

)'1.' ,I'. : in 9.pt, ?r,,to deter!nii}e thg nuclear quadr'upole mornent., ths use ef `the. kng,pa .'11. 11,1/,/."'"

,tt"/,t.-/,/iY.ieill,llll,".ill,,ttd.E.III,.//'kn:,l9,,veègfe•."S.he,-S::i.';elr.!gi,i.O:,,.t'.",.:•N':,l:,,:/::i2.il]llll!.l•.,,•.T.jiivatti.s/

" :'d mu$t be weak so that the sxtemi11y applied magnetigl:eld can prl!,,pervblthe nycle'ar

,. ,,'''aj/anPO IY:lheza.ti: i'As,!l,le..fidr."S.,O.ie,,.e.ou,P, "llliiCin..St.an.IS, ,..B.l" MBi and zrBi f{e }q}gwn.,

' '/', Hs. ,/ ., .. ,. . ... 'r ,1j' ttt. '•; ,-ii.,'in tmpS paper've reppa. rt .the studies-cm the'quadrupole effect.s. tn xxR sPectra i' ....

,i'

,,r,;'`

l'l-'ì/tf't/,il,,fffl,iÅí/l`l.I,,,"p,l::.;;l."e/;l:,ale.X,/dl••,z",ien,aP.Y,i'!'l.".al,i.6ri,,xg.IllS,,.qu.:`llile.".,'e,ttlt.:,,:..,..,li,,''t•'i"{

'",. ';.tu. clei is.iptiar•izaq in whpter 3. ' tl!be f6r!nula on She quadrupeLe 9.1ffect!, .in. Tma" '. tr.. e Ì"

/tt . , E.,.-

i.-iil,:•//•.3.:;-ew.tle",l.,,.9:,la'%'l,ain&,:haill9."?tLlF2.dglii:9,:re.,lfi,"k/t'l;.-tL,ltl,,,i..t",.,,l•i-llii•

i. ,.• ..... - •' .. •/ /,. .' -/ , H( .'i ,.,. .,,.;r. •'r '1-, i;i '•'1'

i'

lli''-1/l`J;li' 11.•ii•.1,,ii''1::,i,,1[i,i,,.,T•ri"i'J'ill,'til.1///11.li•,ill:''lill./''iili'si"li/lll)'L,i'il'J2,Ii..,],'`/..ti::-,''Ii,'..''.,i'','I.I[liiilll/i,1,/r'i'kr',i".kìtTiii"I'ill:/iiiii:•i'"llllill`k"'i;,i.lll.llil'•1:•

ge"-paikl.,g•ii.\,/gei\./L,.mpx,g,x.k.ge,,(s$,lil,.,ptpt-/k,//rk•N/ssiw/esiii,

-" a" "ths e

ts tt di v s

s

,ts

; St """te ts ub ts- p .t )s ,t"t}A "w e;" -reAS

:

x

;"

;t

tr

k

lt

c

o

v- 'Åí li

di iv- s lgva 4{-lr t - " t"" " 1..s

7x @,,op .XtstM-f

IV) t ) 'dwsk Vv'ig ta'

(. CSk

-" ts" f ' av" ',7tt t :li t -,3 , 'ke: g x, , .-lj'"{,jts:.u,, 'gi;lt/s,",.g,3Y'.;.-,kF&eSIi.l.,{{-].fes\,i;:ts,k",..y ht\/l

h ig . #k 4 , .ih ", tic"lll" S,;'J rr,t"e , 9wt...k'ki"'"2sèc.ts'",".,."l'liilil"'t//ikk'Ege//sill"1"illll'iptme"papt,Sifi

;i:,f-?, l:;".?"\" . 'ti," .t" {., ' :'sS.x..kfi'S' $tl

2 ` kre:,i,,/i.i/

pa ecx gsenr"$,ket i/il

'siE`tsNav" zsgg.11,tiffk--,tglst",,gxi/fS":be/ts

' ,1{

L 'tw•

' ' " 't' t -/t2 Outline crf the ExperimentaL)IBthod - ' ' ' '

t// tt ' ' ' ' ' short"lved e-rediQacttve rnzeiei i2B and lgN•• were prodrioed threugh llp (d,p) ]L2B,

}QB (3He.n} 1lt2K reactionstx rhe nuciei ejected tQ s,o degrees were smpialhted in a suit-.

able host mediun by mpinte.their reeoil energibs qLqt.shewn in Y5g. 2.1. -•The -ban recoil

' 'energies were .tv 4oo keY and ,v5oo}eV respectively.1 A statie high magnetic ftstd vase!trployed to presett' the initial bolsrizatton,. {i})e'p61arization wae detected by the

.. "hasymtrie 6-deeabr of the nuclei. The polarisaticms (Mr,vl6S were 6btained at E(d)

u i.45 MeV and E(3He). •-- 5o8 Nev for regpectiie reaetions'; A radio frequency (rf)

mpetie field uas applied perpendiculMr to the ec[tcrnal mgnetic fielq, tg 'aDstrcy

the polarization resonantly (Nrd{). f!Ehus tbe' dlependems of the e-,(},.peey•iLsyiN,try.

ehangte on the frequancy of t}"e i7f magnetie fieid "dpt tbe statie iuignBtic field sivee

rise te the nuclear magnetic' rescmance spectrun. '

, rn (nrder to obgervD the quadr'upole effects in mx spectra, speeiai peovisians

vere necessary beecuse the expeeted ehange of tbe p-decay asyimetry vatB (mly a

gmal} ,fraf.tton ef the initial cme. A mbq"epcy modulated rf-field of a suitable

rsnge was enrplcryed te increase the abservable effeets. Still ene had to ebeerve

a fev% of asyunptry change. To reject the inevitable long teni irtstabiMty ef the

tt?- particle-deteeting system, an automatie-data-nomaiizati(m system was empicyed

vhich ecmsisted of the periodie rfexcitation in the rf eoil and .af tlre signal dis-

'tribution to the related e-par'tiele countere in accoraance with eaeh period.

The reliabi"ty ef the eystem and tbe cenMtiarpa.which were necessary to the

texpsriment vere ebeclreq, by uee of tbe fec astals vhich were goed Å}mpiantstiua mdia

l- ' 'to crbeerve NNR spectra. •rhe rsnges••otr the.t#.,moduiation vere eutned by analyzii; ,

tbe rm spectra ebscrved by neans of the modulated st fie!d. M rt field .inben.

sity nec6sary to ths expermnt vas deteriin' ed by ebservin{l the intensity dE)pend.

'enoe (rf the P-decay asyrmetry. ,, '. ' •. /' ,. The Nmt speetrd on 12B and 12N in bcc metal.p...guc.h as Nb,i No, ra, and W ve,!,I7....,

t tt tt .t tt . .tt t ' tt ' ' ' ' •' •.. ., '..4" ' '• ',.',. • .' •/ ,..•., ' : tt /t tt ' / tt . tt. ttt ' .'/- .. . 1'- ,: .. .. ' . . ' , '. 'i, i' 'I I' 2t" .::il' l' ..-. i-LL Lk ,-

'

u,

Fig.2-1

lncident

Beam

Shield (Pb)

RecoilCollimator

Ta rg-et

-

/- •(!•'t ' 't/

'"f

/-

k

CoincidenceCouple ofSi< Li) Detectors

.:-i.:--:•------------=- 7--'ny'

N

./.fl.

';.. t.

4

•. /

e-: t ' -'t':"' -7C•{t•y

•7

--

-,tiv

"t!f' /fl-'/-' X

.-../t.-.

Experimentalobservation.

.-

LLTgLtget Holder

RF CoiI. T'--pt-----"-"-"'

-RecolI Stop-.pgr

'

Si(Li)iL!t2ptletectors

Ho

arrangement for the -nuclear--magnetic-resonance

emad by mBans otr the modulatpd rf field to clarify the causes of the wide

t. .t•spread of the mx spectra, and to justify the considerations (m the final sites ' ' 'of the csptured elements in the beavy host elements.

To detema a nuclear quadrupole memBnt, a known field gradient.must beused. TiB2 and ZrB2 were suitable for, tbe pi-edent parpoeeS. rhn ptlanted 12is ..

' ' t. /thad to be substituted for the Griginal B in t}ve sampies so that the lm("m•field

gradient might be useq. The substitutiom 6f l% vae supported by the agreement

'bf the ratio of the fieia gradients aeted en' lhe 12B {ii ta)e 'iinm)les to that acted

- ' 'on 11B, which means the majority of the 12B weiNi eubstitutea. 1!he imovn poupling

" 'ecmBtants (m 11B givi riee to the ratio of thB quadrtipole moment, and the known

duadrupoie mcilnent of UB gives rise to the quadrupoie ment ef ]2p.

tt t/t/ t ' ' ttt ttt ' ' ' tt . v

-

t

t

-

e 6 e--

-' 1•

11111ii'illl/"li/iii•if/:f':i//,,,"'//'r---,l,,,-pi-:/i-'•S::'g'fr,-it4,',,•'"111,iili{i:''i'i'ili'i'i'9-6ie'i•'I'[ii'i,11i'lililll'iil'i'['lil;i'liliillliiiililll'l'lll'ill'iilliiill'illll'iil'l:11ill'111illllilli'/11/i/ii,il'/i•/lillllllllivl"ili"1111/liillllli.liii.liiilillllllll'i"

i/'/r'iJ-['""''i//'tl''likp'il/lliii(i:'l'i:lil,:egOi•ii-ii:pts,',.i/k.Iil.lg.itt/:ì'l'fiiiililliii:..hS,i.:'.tu"ii`'ldtYltl•t:•ttbi.'ili'il•i:•tldt//'l-•i/11'ItE"'Iii'illli•'/li•/fi;'i'Illli•1,'

'"1,,.7/,,.l'll,lon(m..gi:'k';p[lltlliFii:'i••.on.f'.'d"ii/hY,Slllliil".:.ilP2"lfil:di:el:i,all.lzal.:tl6ill.?,1•'l-:i/ilii/tllil'i

Iited .b\, the observability.6f Nly[Ei[iffects and by the actual expertJnental iS9.ri. ditidas•r ,,.//1;.../.t•

i.,.....a..p/:e.!,n,',.}.i.:h,',,:,f"ill,,1",.;iinel:t,Ill',krelieIIIssgl,l",llll,l,r"lil,le,`.,-`".iii,i.dt/i'lllil,4,l,e.li$,lllllipl,..'.e..,,,•.I.,•.il,,/)ftiii

L cy. Inlhen the frequency of the magnetic fie]d Hsosu)t which is app"ed to the'Stp--,:,. •.y ..,,,

-,, lanted nuelei and is perpanalcular to the statia uiegneti fieid, equal to de•Lanrienr ''••

' t t.t ,"-:'' frequeneyZIL, the rf trar}siti•ons among the Zeernan levels are,induced and the,nugle- •'i't

ar pol, ffr.;zatian cian be de"t vy,,etel:. Thzis" the knovledges on.the strbngth .ogf. ,1 l}?, SYatie .',.'.1

:l,l il!5., 'X..'il!•i.d.91111,lll9.,.Sl Pi•",•,.••eewt•/r•.""O("..iill),"l :I:gl,i;,,ll"..f.llll2.at `he reSC'"P'IF..1.Cntdill.lf. lizl,.., ,t.:.l /'liii

'' Aceording to the ur,ceA!ytairSy prttciplE, there is a eondition between the energy '' ':

L '

and life tirce, ../••- • tt ,, : .., .' . K•'t>'Fi . ,''3-1 ' . - ' A nucleus wtth a mag etic moment,sL has an enerxy. of E =f -iFHrLiz/I in a magnetic " ,.t '-

xil'IIi:.,•//i:,li,",ki?:••"l-i•.a2s,,,.t}ful,?.,•,:••:e:li'l."iil"llll`,"h.e,62gmg::`.,1•,.be.g$"l:,iiieg,l,;ii..',,y•i,,i,

the ac'tuat e?[p6rirterrtal ccmaitions is that the tr"ansitions emarik; tbe SEbeman Ze!.eig,,,' .-•.I

L, .1,.;;•:n,/i;:eqrfF.y//gereL`'r,,{".rtiy`h711il,1/1,Ofir.Yi"r.8•'•,T.7..,1,l-.[,i,,ill,,T,1,,ll;1•tit/t,,{l,,I/.,:•11111ill.lt•1/,t,1,,,,flli

1,,,''1'ilil'i".111':•lilliiJ"'i '. . I-"./.'.''•, .. i.,• 'lii:l, .'''/'i'l/,-,,i.:1,.L.'-'1.'.ii.''•S'll.1'[i'iiil.,,1',"';•ril'lll,'.1.i'ft';iillli•,11/1'111rSil•lil:•1;liliiiS-1•,///'t'!,'"i/1'il'

J

ll•-

L

k.•

'L,Y

-1-J .t., t .t,

J/.v'/ti v.t/

g..,T

L.g, "'W''.r

•r.'s , ...

}. lt, . ,f E.

't/ tt

-/}t /tt

- t/,:.I /.

tt di,

ti't-" 'sf

t/

a' 't "-'t o

t.tg•'t•

L, 's''t t

/tt/

' ' .s

,! • .' .'i' •The nusF,Ieart" penvl.zaSigg,. depends (m nstmy"ctiÅítses invo}ved .', '- ,,i.,.t; "'

in the {eaction ; the elireet precess or eompound preeess thrcNigh whieti tbe reac-

tion eomes, the spin--orbit interaction, and the intezference term of tbe direct &nd

' t/ tt the coppound Processes. •It is con6idered that the processes are yery cemplicatad

.t , andShat'qEptanVidetime prgatetiopt en the pelarizapton ts net so good in apite cxe'

tho suceess in,the tlualititive diseussianeo Newns .an.d Refg2 treate".,,<,dr?. .))',<,drn> '.

,,.. reachons ir}, .t,he dir.kct prg,(}ess. They expkined the polarisatlon inp61,}ptntsni,,!$r'Sllf,l.

degree"ef distortion Qf tpe ineident e}nd outgoirig partic)es. 1!he oTb".t}l aiMguia"•

momenta talr.i:ng parvt in the reaction are parpendicalar to the rdactiQn plti' ner i'Mtus

if there ex,t.st se.{ne differenees between thf? n!etm,free pfithe Qf She ine.ident apg the

outgging partSe}es in the nucleus, then the n//cleS pe..poUed,,,re e Åëonfimpd .r ., ,,le aN

"///,Åéhe11khll,i//'.,L/ri,6,1re,",$9ft•ir/I,:il.i:cll':,Liglill:-'/l,i/ir•g'1114/X•l•i/iii/l!ill',,sakSilj,'k•ag,.,tf'ii:,"/il,,,..l't//i''

?t•.ii..'.i'i"',i'i't`LnmIl']:,'.1}ii,,11/,t/r,:i-r/ig/;i,,,l,,,1///;•,,.1,,,.,.!t,;t,1••,,,,,t,1,,,,.1tr•IllllLil.1.,1•:.i,.i--/1ii•,.I,i.,•n11).lilll..,,I,11,i]lil//II,//l,ili//;/,L/1:/11Illllt,11111/•,-.///r,,•i.'i.,,.,..,.,,,,

t

i,le••,..i/I/f,.•111111;,'illllill"ìl'//li'.lli';,l'iig//',,,l,IIIi,;/L•1111L'/i'i,11i/•••lli'•ii'il"'i•ii'/ii'illli••Ii'111111i•irL••11'1'411•;l//Jl.-ii',i,'ill-,,IJIil/1iilrii•11]Tll•.i,-.,.,t,i;."/trr//.;/1,,

,..• . gllTe ".ppar ]tait.eS.the ttife ti!ve of a nuclens.,.t.6 which the method iK,F?pll,eabie,. ,':

.is de te train.e. d Srgm.. bpe/ vtgv ,po int gS . the ,gre se'rvgSi, onj Gf" the . poXt , ti Xakl ion b., pm, ,,. . " . ,1 ' ' ' ,i, 4, :•/

the var1,ousqex?erimenmu'(iaSg, a su1'tablg l. g/tS tt,41}mp. ean pa. qelegYed,,Emd t!rp poiar'- '' ,•,

irtL'"..mr,x. zr,zr,'ek:.i,e'l:ll.i.e] pmu,[frt, ,•.;i:Iii'ii•iillli ' '- '' i ••••1•i' l" ,1iilll. '

pthe shertt- lived pt(zaoactive maclei are pr-cSdweed. through a muelear x'eaetione

P,g.nielg' ;,,ll.l :,tg,le./l"'e/Lt, &9pt.lnXdk:if91i a'igie "fg, " fl ,rpcted to be poiari-d in pt, is.t i-c.

,1,.• :•

M

illllilij''"ii'11•,l./iii'ilil/iii/;///"/,iiill,r,i'li',',.l,X.,,,'L'i'iii•i"'i'l'liIIIiiiiis//kii'l'lillll'liii'iii'iilii'11Tllliiiill'`''1]1••//ill"ìiil.•,,,•'il---•lh,1,ill•i///l',iil'/i••ill//i//ii'/'iliiili'/111ii/l'111111/1"i••iii•ij'ilillii':,/,l/i•lil/'i'i'1i-ll/iilli/lillll/L/illiiiilY'i•:•illl'11111,.ill],il,ll-'i•illil•/111ill;111Iilllili'111iilil'•li'iliili',/iitlllliiii:

•-.'i/i,//.,I1/j.i.']/}.Il,ii,,:'1li:.il.t:,s,ee/kre./it.'111i•Ilg:i'ttt•Si4•://-oanhe;'•/1'OtT.Iiiii..:e;-il:,,2:::kg:i'tl•lii:,/?.iill$lii•ll]liils/ii'i'//.11,1i

nent of the experimental conditXons because P. ?feufer did not .ggeouple,the lty. perfine ''

' interecti'on ,during the flight of 12B in vecuutho 'i>i the prGsent work po'iutuati'dn

.,'1i.Y.,lft6i,iliLi:•i•11-oii').,/;,%:i'l,/TiZl,I.l':oi:i'Xi,i/r::geN:flllinF•"s"gii'oto,ereaie?..f,r.,r,r.,;.:,'r..,..,,.,,,•.,•J,.,,/,

' , ' when the recoii atoms are ejected from the tar•get into vadumn with their ie6oii "Ii''''

t/ N energie6, they are in varieus icmized states of atom. Dur'ing their tlight in the I,

. -. tt • vacuum the statea me no.t Siaed ut) by the electrens. and the nuclei are under the , " •/.,,, " 11 inSlli.u.opee gi' .l6 4g.oig ily)6rfine fieldo fr this.i,nteraortion 'Zsnot decdipled,the .-',. ,.i;;,

ii'',,,,,'iJ',.imu ,t:itt'e:$Oieile:'3'"'/l:a`cxt'n//di'\ili.,,.ebtet'.''':l:':a!"dacull.hie6ii:"HQMriiCt:Ptinh.{fii[i:,Xge1••I?r?illi'4ll;,Ilil/g.:;s.''lri'1i

. rf this ftequgwy is far iZarger tYàn the hyperfine frequency,(,ibfof the nuelet},t• ksi in,

.tt the intepaetion betveen the atentc epin and the nuclegr spin ntil be deceupled. 'AL

high magnetic fiel3'"a' pplied parailel to the nuclear polarissatior! axis may'preseiNe .

,, 'H' ttt .. t •"i••i:•'I'ig'e,. '\'j""69j\• l::.,F,l.1 i/,i. // l6911.ei,ill.ll:,ll:I,ilitll.1,;l.ll.ig,!l.l..i.n th" `6'zf, a`t exper},,T7ent o",,,B. c?,7' N'daqe•

,' in'L ,11S-te.-'•-ua62di//il.Illi,2•t:el;.ig•'i'tstsi,"..,"M,e,g"/knt.&C.9[]i.ine.d.alille,.wh,,',.Cg.g:.gdf,"':dt;X{k•"Yllii'lr"':•"/L

p}antation media apa the recoil-•range distribution are described in 6hapter•5.-. ]. ..,

-t.tt t t. tt,l..,.1:.,,.i:ii.j,i..ii,,i.i:1.-.1..it,h.1,:i,il,I),i,ir•.•••,.1i11.ii-,l:,11S,"illiliil,ii.i,,ii.i.,.if.X•'a•,i.,iidi,11,r,i.,irl•,,1.i,i,,,li,•iiiiii.Iii'i"ellll:i.et•'""iili,ii],liiilillilli•Iillllill•]l.11iill.illllllllilii,illllil,,illlillll.

tt-

,

-,

F

'b-.. , .. .. ' ' ' 'caused by the collision lmQcesses dwring their flight in the sample and by tre.spr•;

rounding electric charges and nuclear magnetie mementg at their final sites. N)e ictepo}arization mechanisms in a host media are gummarined as follov& rbe recoil nu"

eieus takes less'xthtm io'12sec to pass through its range in a Boiid mediun. Aithaugh

so-e electromagnetic interactions vhich arise in the cQliision peocesses rnay be ac. ''

.tive an S,l,ie reeoil nweiei, the spi,s of the anclei vill bardly flip their directi(ms '

chnring the shart period in'cuch atonie psoeesses. When they are trapped ni ftu ''

sites, the laek af the eleetronic sheiis have to be quenched. Iny!on this viept peint,

ipetallic stoppers eie preferable as iinplantatioil media in vhick the free eleetrane ..

quickly fiil up the electronic she11s. Non. metaiie sarrLrles which cont. ednt ttu?, elei!N)nes

of the same atonie nurnber of the implanted elment em also prefereble, beeesise tbe

tstplanted element i.s expeeted to be captureq Å}n She cubstitutional.<S.c,cCha,pt6rSra)).

rhere are long terrn relaraticm gÅíchanisas, the spin-lattice'ieepatioa esup/ ed. ';lts

by tbe therrnal motions of the surrcmmding nuclear magnetic moments chd of thp tsurrcrund;'

ing electric charges. N. Blcembergen8)inteasively examined the magnetie 'rein- ' -.-

tation mechanisms of 19y " in caF2 crystal. He found that the magnetic spin-kttice

r,j!//:rì:l'l,t.me'3.i.i;.lhtg":.'e,cyslais's":.:ffe:.lilhl,inoi-.;:,,l.lsn,krk-twtel.r.-.

tine Tl ts the perarnagnettc impurity in the crysul. 1!hus the sampleis of hict.}, ''fu' ri'ty''

kave to be selected as suitable implantation rftedia. rn the ease ef tlva pm memu ''

lrhe reia):ation time rl caueed by the magnetic interscti(m' is matnly g()verned by the

inter-cticm with the conduetion electrans. This is i!Auly due ta the contact inter--

action of the unp!ired S electrons in the cchduetiop band vith the pa.eleua. Mie

re]a)tlattion time Ti can be apar6ximateiy written as foueve9).• •, '•. ..

' ' '. ' ri =-4"".#kT('iii.;)/(4-n"d-H)z' .; -' ,,,. ,. .

' . ,,• 3-5 (4ptHHr.--s.3vr.<Iv,(o)IZ>cxifM• ..,-Y

' tt - . { ' tt ''s.T'il' 'i.•'//i'iia'""',i'"'rt.f'•'"ÅÄ'1:I9,1-'.-.i ' ,' ' '''/t,.'i.1•'Ill"iill,l.,.,"'i'Ill,.,.[1''iil;1,.IiS

:4. T, "'evvrveFv. rv'-'. '' ' .- "'S' '-' ..,". t.'. ,. ,t, Y./. . V., .r l-. ;..' ,. ,- .T .

ttt .L"'ll ', .. ' ' •-'' ' "'••1 " 1`• ii• '',•' .t tt t tt. t -. . ' tt ..t . .. T-. ..t .t .. t,' iniere T is the tetuperetum of the sampte, )e and )G are gyromagnetie reties of.tlie

eleetrans and the nueleus respectiveiy, ?Cp iB the magnetie suseeptibility et eon-.

aircbian eleetrone per unit mRgs, and M is the atomic tsass'weight,. Pre6!ming the "

• (6Hl(Lt,) fren vari(ms data, Tl can be esttuted Åëo be .va.1 sec at a roeiR tempsrab.

' 'i' tur- for tl)e. Iiptt eler-ents Mke B ana ,N. ..J. Welle observed ri.T to be as 1zarge

as 2s7 ee6•K by tbe cau, of ]2B in ptiel " . ' by the case the nuclear spin is larger than t, tbe nucleus may have an eiec-

' tric quadrupole noment. ,Then there arises an eleetrie Te!axation mechanism due to ' the inberaction between the moment and an eleetric field gradient produeed at the

' rrugleub b6r the gurrour}ding electrie chaSege distribution. Tbe statie component,

however,, or the field gradient has no effeet on the nuelear depolarization mechanism

even ithen the poiy.crystals are used if the strength of the interaction is far

N gmaller than the statie magnetie interaction. The relaxation time rl which is

' govemed by the time dependent ptvt of the electric fieid gradient is appr("cimately

' ' ' ' . .<l/17>=- 31St4n(,7s)2(il3t-g.l,.)X(ÅÄSL)2a, ,

• 'N vhere.e is the Deby charecteristic temperature,,SLis connected with Baltzman constant -" ' kandeby the relation of @ s6Åít,Tis the temperature of thB sanple and r2 is

the etrength of the quadrupoie interactian which is appreximateiy <e/r3) (eQ) where

r is the distance to the ionic elementi. Jts'sum'ng that QisA, io-25 bdn{T/ X3aOnOd'"r

is .v2it, Tl becomes apprcn[imately At5.102 sec. in the aetual experirnent a tew

sebonds of rl was observed9). MhiB i6 1op tirbes ntiler than the estimated velue.

But the relaxati(m time is far longer compared with the nuclear ;ife time of 12B

and ]2N. ' Due to the abcJve discussions it is known that by using lnetaltc nedia:: .i'br"IB.:e,d

t3N)cmiVliBaqe"E.ZtSa •lerlaB ,, the nuclear polarization can be preserved

bS "A;Nè , -' ' .

-li-

't '

1""'i'',i'ii.i lllll••1111111111111ii'ii't'y//://f/s,:imulk/3/i,,g':e.,/1/,/111,$•/i/•/i-,l,,/1,i:/11z,,,,,..s/1////k.••ì,,/k,/k/x•i••nheg•./..11•ii',tu"i•g,;//IS,,glsit/1,•/l•;i•i111111111111I'i'l'l'iiiiil'1111illllli/llilk/lillliiiilliilllill/1iillliilllllllillllllllllillllllillllilil-1iiillllli'11/iii/f

vbere cos D is the direetion cosirp, betsteen the polarizatiOn aXi8 and mp, ..,pt,,.t r•Sil.!Bt .,,J,."[t•t,I

:'dilliilU.;g:i[::lllS.?II.lii';ilv,il:lft'::,:le.://,f.,:gnalllPl:,Y,IC.\iX..:`tr•;,•'//l-l•/1-''iìii''l,l/fliii••,1•L•

- ' '- lt-t.'' t. il.:`,gel.eci'll'lg.'."",2,.P.i,S,l.he.,:?"ie?"r.e-oi<a'iir?nlw.ha.'.hdisp.c)cun/el6t?ditsoisrl,8.2ettt.,,.i,11••,lll,l/[i-•.'i/,111'

tt - .e :n the case tbe kinetic energy of the F particle is laTger than Soo keV,.'tlM). ge,. tib , IYt( is neariy equai to one. As the rnean energses of the (3 particie'emitte,d.f!,i'ol'm''/ ./,1,,i,''.:i•'1

tstB.,",n.dt.iiil aire. .:ltout.t.8 ileV, the 'atiO %c tB.Z}earty "equai to i. Mlg, aifyiy. ?, -..t,iFtt,,J../.•,.[1.,i ,/;i,,

tt. v t /t .- t 1 CA 12 1< (,x >l2 ZSt - •Z CS< D"VL CA < aN> 'ilZi7icilR]Srt ` '' ''1"' 5.", 6•• .. -' ' . ',

tF.

A

where the

Ai

.the upper Sign

element, Cv is

and(4is the

, ;,,

ie.lzkl>l2- -t }cAS-k o->IZ' ' ,''•. ,,.,.•. ' 'coe ffieient 4if is , •. ,'' .,, '. I •i,S ll= Zi --i • ...•• S=C•cS,T7,:,?,,'i,6• :';---.:l,i . '-, ,."111,.ji•-

' ttt t tt in A is applied to the positrch emission,<(l> is the Iltent-mlnd , ,," -/

the ?erni"coupling constant,<O">is the Gamow•-Teller matrix element,b . .., ttt -r Gamc"i-reeller ccupling constant. According to the eXpertmental op". ••'•.11-• . •'

-. , .,, ••;i,t''.l,'i,l :..i" ti t///'{li "' :,t

- 1,'e". ,,,..•...,...,-,,.•..••iit/ii///-•/;r.Ilil[iii•//1,,)l•l/f////ill'i/Xll,l•IS,,/i///il/1•l'li/Lilil,'lil,i,;'i/1';}/

"T• :-' ' 1'' ''./ i,. •./ ""T:"T ,' "' 1/.:•' '',/1'i'" •, s[1 /11"'"•"""- '/.c,,?i ; '`l1 ""•t•t" I''•' •.jlE'••/i" 'l. ',:"i .,

t .. tt ,w,.I'.,.' 'ji -'./''' ./I 'r'' , '• 1'i"'','/;,i'.,'

:'k'"' .ti"' r`' 1..•,/.. .:.;,.. i'',"'. -`.'1"".' '.,.1.i,/i.:.l//•t/ll.}'./Ji"i'IA'"'•,'.'1"1;.'•/'. ' ''i

6n St vaiues'' as sho,m in Tabie'l3;i,' th6''8 decavss't"B anti1,i2si. have Seep.,''"i'ss' igned

t/ t /t sl te'be allc"ted and t}ie type of the trensiticms are ass'ignea to be passibly puTe

Ganow"Telier. Then the esynmetry pameterAis reduced to be ,Å~/ , ' '' '' ' Atiti ' ''tii?g.re l. : i// ii22NB..,. . •'' '

' ' In the actyal measurement the counting rate-ratio R is obtained from the counting

' ' rates of IS pEu7tieles enttted pax-11el to the polarixaticm axis (Nu) and antiparallel

' 'R=NulND=:O"P)G'Y({Ot'P)GpS ,.. i2B 3" '

'. vbere Gu apd G)•contain both geometrieai and instrumentai asymmetries. When an rt

frequency is applied, the polarization is diminisbed to (p - A ?) depesihing on tbe

' ' rf intensity and rescmanee conditiGns. And the ratio Ron is '

-.L:te.-A2:)L.9Lg x : Ra',t '- t + (p--4p) Gp '

. ' This ratio is normalized by e ratto for thfi rf off period. 1!hen the asymmetry,

it s ahanges to be obeerved are ' ' .•: 4R= {(Rcn >i!((/?,ss)}-i •--N. 2d p/( t. p.) 3-s

where 4p .,, p<,c:L t , . ' iv) Resmmt deetrvuction of polarization ,,•rl•!,

The rnagnetisatton llz of the nuciei vith a magnetie tRonrent ,aL and the poiariza--

.- ,'' tion ?o is,.writtenWNz x n;Pp:?e, vhere n is the concentration of the nuclei per unit f•; . volK .Trie 'time dependence of tbe magnetizsttien i'e vrLtben . . '.

' ' " k.< l"tz) = ?lx•P, -- (/L tK t 7t 7Z Ht-lmu) ML b 3g vhere g is the reta of the productien of the nuelei per unit valuive and unit timD,

K is the reciprocal ef life time ,A is the reciprocal of the spin lattiee

relaxettion tinlp Tl,> is the gyro-magnetic ratie of tbe nuciei, Ht ls Y.he am?. IiSiide.

' ' ' ' ' ' ' tttt ' ' , -15- '' ''' :'' - .- 4L .) .- .,' ' , =, - ,'L .' '' 'l ttt "/'t t - t t't l,."i .' ,' ,r.,.,/'i. ',..,--g'klr:'.'.4'.,.-.,."''. .,.-1.1,..tl•-,/./i..•{), ,,' '. ':. .'"' ' /•.l.';'.'.•,,i..,..,L`1111.i.l.1ili;ltlllL,."1;i'1 ''

,1:'-sx,

- ,-t'' "'-- th,/: .. L:•: )

L -L.

Li {

, x.I'

.tt

l

2 uL

ii"']'

151'illll'11iiii'lti''ik.'i'llobi"i`''i'i'iL''i'1'ielS')'il'ek'ab'ii<ii'`j"/"`s'theiinLis'he,.pe',tr,L.6tl'al'"Il'i'li;l'1A"i'lilikiI'lli'1',11ili'I'"ilillllli'iiilil]illli'

.jL. er (?,elissiarld/rti(i.)d.o;q:,ifAben"imaber Of the pa"iet psf.-U.'i t 'Oi"!io. ie' elpmtlt,..."V,.ir,i ,Stt'i6'i/1, .,l.,

AbQve gquations ean be solved by taking the expf,rinental condi7F, i6nf.?,int9..egpmslde{ar,. rI

\.iaonbe'd:ii7s:,o/e,3n,te-.ng"ii/lili:til'1;.,:,ri!Ili,lil..an,d..it2,1/icr,un.t/il''l,II--A,,t,,"iY.,.ma.'J'1.i•'1•-Y/.r',;///'lii,lii'

' ' ' ' ' ''N where' L,=/t+7L+'n7'iH3LJicdi) 'i' ' ttt . -• t ..t ' ' ' tt .- J• b) cauces of the Mne BrOadening ' . - ' ',, .',,;,/,l'il:`.i`•'1.• ';'

interncZntlhonSSi:eglicCMuskhed.mxTheliXezaxpeVri2.iiihin:lalelNtllROVllllgilvSi:ll:S!il::tlerrmmttue• dipmby:tliifl?!l.Ie`-lii"1

. -+-t j' '' ' iiuelear dipolar interaction, .the finite life-time rl eausea by tpt re1ut- ati NefeiEr. '•

t.t L tt t arrism, the finite nuclear Iife-tizne, the intensity ot the rf magnetie field end tte ,

s•

-iit,r}f`fure,."`"ien',,'::r.ll:,;;21i{lkl.t,,r?`rÅéi,f.ill:'SiPwal."/t,.il&`.{agn.Y}tve?e',ltk,..,,,,.li•Ill,..7ltl..,,!i,111.i:.li

P •- ,S.i '`tt',' ",: ':, ), .'• • -- vhere rm is the distance betveen the impianted and the host nuei6ii 7t op, tl)lin' tll'l:''' ",;"

' their gyr'cnnagnetic rstios. The secand mornent of the IMR line due to the.dipelLat ` '

' ' interaation with different elernent in a pol"fcrystalline easnple is.gi!ren- by -. , • ..

(l/Tz )Z:'ijis7')<i -)22 1z<1atl)'fi-l, vl,liSRI. ,.' '. ,,. ,. .J 31'i3 , E

I/i/,i'kh,e-}i:,7i,;iumi•a,i,d:ing•k(•gll-l'i,n,ni.ikSch,fve,I•iS/::.:,,11:'laitil•i.:el/i,',in'B,.':/l/illi•ii/jti,11/"1•lll•Y.ag/l•lili' I'i#•.,,tt./,,/;i,il/ii/iiit•ill".Illi•

' ' - • ' -M,- ,,,'''•'..;-11,ii'L':'"•t[,//'./i,,..ir•II:',:lii'ltiiti•i',:':Il;ig

' '' '' i: ''' 't -':" J ,' .' ;' ., "'•`;.t' ' /;': - •-'.•:v•-.•1'•'Zi.//l"s,,itl-ll"l'."1'•ii"i.t'•'.;L.lliLi'k•"L.`

ii:

n ; numbereactive nu

tt.

Jtt

Bramto Counting

Fig. 3-1

Period of'the

the e•-particle

repeated

of nuclei

ti;Cooling Wme

nuclear production and

counting are alternatively

-. 15 -

Illlii,.,,l•/-`'ilii'-i•/11///iiiiL'/•'i•'lhS'i.,t..k••,//llit•;.i.•/J•;•G/ill;1'ik•se,/,ih,e4.:•/a;ti,,,,iilk'11•;/;,i,4,/"•l•-••f/.'ili'il'illlii'ii/l,1"111'{"/111•'!111/11;;il/I/:ililiii;ilil,lilllii?'111111/1111•t'i'i•i/rilli//

.S "' tepa!.}.gtigi} of the. rruciear spin with the conduetien eieetrong..,g.,f,..which ij,..9tT.3.//PFi.O. it,..{ ,,.e'1,i'i''l

i.//r•''..'i•,,'i"i:,i-:l":i.e•.:eikli:S.8l,IIII.I'ik'ah,."8.1:.i:h"::.`llil,l.;X.ll&'.onec"fXl,11//e.,"a,'I"lllitLi"l:i'i/i,i'IIi/,i//i,;/,/{

.duces"ia shift ef resomance 1ine, whieh depends on the orientstion e; -She CIYP!alLetr ? vl;:l/.

grephie axes with respect to the ezternal ntagnetic field. Then t})e.,resanaricetlinps " ., .,1

'' are distributed around the Seotropic ICnight-•shift for a poly er!stalline sahpleQ ./ .i

' :/,,:,,i,,:in,:;.\,o.:Ctliil:Sc.i:,.Z'be,O:..a//S..:olli',i'lli?iiliiil/lil!.a",,.'.iZb.igiifoiLiW;ll:IYIIi•lillliE-'-;•-•ll.lll,i.,•'.1111111,lt'ilt•t,l/I•i.'

` r' ' ' ••'Jl" `•,Jl crystals. The broadening, however, is estimable to be Uruier the order at Fhe !.Cni, ght" ;' gl

shift. ?ror" the various data, tbe ICnight-shift of tbe light etsments 1.ilrd" boreny./ ,s,,., `' k., }

' .. and nitrogen iue smailer shan lo'5%. MvaVvidth of B ar}`} N in tbe metal abe'tg the 1'i/," '. Ii

J..ptiise.t•',o,,.'ry.'}"."..t.mo.,s`."ko."`.f,e.:g;:i,::.i:,:,ofitt.,:.V••ltl••,,Itl,./i.P,e,ta,',,,tipt,,1:.lill3,/1`t•11•;iiliii

M'i' i!rg has an irnb6rtant meemmg ; the existence of the quadmpoi6 ii}pere ,. stfon'1'i' 1111,••:'1` ''"1.ii,'"'1///,

.. c) Preqnency Nodulation •". ,,• h, i, ' ' The resmxe condition of an uniai(Nm nuclear menent•in a statie nagnetie , ',, , , - '"' field is ceatvhA4ts,by use of a freque4ey modulated rf field ot a suitt}ble raagti. " "• '''

. . .r.t ,- '.t/k.;:hetfto.,:z'r.;::f,f/s'::.:;,7:an`lsiidri-2"ii•IW:alil•Åé//}i[":•,.,ll`,X•lil•'/la,:"/11[1111,•.ii'ii,,i,/,.,,i}:

and Ysm is the period of the frequency modulation. Then the T.ftiele i,nter}.tl.1ty ,,. {-' ",

meceesarv for the canplete polarizati(m-destruction in the experiNent bsr,.-SarNp, of ; ,,,.. i/,'

L /, ' '.' .1'F '..v '-l t ttt- -t - .# .. i6 .b ... ;'• '1. '' 1' rt' '1, 'iil'' •?.l'',..",'1

i' '' " ' '1''. ,'',.r•." "'i''',',''• '•. ,s' :'fil',g,111tll-•1I,.;. :•,• 'ili'1''I" ii'ILi'1,I'1"ll.'..ililll'ii-1,i.'111i'11/

I.

t' ::

'F'

àj.I,.g,klL..'"'..iA,'.il''Yi7'i9"''''i"'i'xii"lilii""S'illi'11ii'"'i'i'liiill'';iiiillii'lil'iillllI:illl/i'illilli',/'lll'li/'l'11il,,jllll,i'1,ili'i/lilllll

.9,ii'kiitlli:`'S,.thO,lisi1:hae"'".il1`::'is:;rod.:rms:y,:,}l•:.2ppii:,L:,,ii'ì/kl,t'i•:4,t/iti';,tiatX''''

other fields' of studies. The possibilities are nvired. : Å~, L.; '.I; 'i ,. 1) The neasureipnt of the nuclear nuignetie mQmBnts ef short 'lived rV.•rsdie aetive "''

' '. Tbere are still mansr short lived F-!edioactive nnclei ef.uhia)ngnsagnetic m(ments

are net yet mamu-d. Sysbematie-studies ot the nement ef ieospin ultiplet are .

ueetuli for tbe Study of the nuclear etrueture aed the mescmie effect in nueleto

2) 2R}e meagurement of the rmclear quedrupeie moments af sttort lived P'--Ndioactive ,.

1!he method is extRnded to observe the nuelear qtvactxvpole intereetion. in this

:dthaOdla:vbeielllti'i"lllt!teinOffl.heidql:llti:i.pa.led.intst"..'..a•Ct:Åéist8q.O.bd.uce:II9.l.asmaan.lza.t.ii!""id"".'

'3) ThB reseaiCh .gt. Phe seiid state.pr"rsies and the atenic structure. ' ,,' , i,/'

The recotl inplantation technique is employed in the present method."' M};snd'

,M,gee will be a usefu1 means to observe the interaetianB betveen the host material

er}d the inplanted iuiclei guch as knight--shift, dipolar tnteraction, magrretic

l,i{<FteraetiOnte and,quadrupole iriteractions ntth the internai field. The impianted

maelei can be "sed as a mierescepic probes to explore the internal magnetic fieid

and tu electrie tteld gradient.

4> Mhe sdw on tth {soverie statss of tbe mclei.•

byem:ll?t"i.,"')"t..S;:JII:,"i[i.B"..'rl.li'.ed.,l.llkfl"llii:,::"l:i.X'M,,S'.V'iO,.S..'.".hi.l:,ileCae'S

' ' ' ' t- ' ' ' , ' ' ' ` ' ' tF ' 't/ ' r'' ' ' ;.1; ' ..t.Li;. '-. . •,'. ''' .' ' '. .,•/11'' '''''.j, s' 1' r-

.R":/ J•'•tt.. . . 'mT '"'v' 'r:'' '.' :i. ,:. .st-I t.

:: ,, ":7get ll .., .. . .. ,:, ,.i ' 4 Electrie Qriadrupole lnteraction '',.' ' ' tt tt tt ' . !1!heoretical treatroents of quadrupoie interaetions together vith mpetie inber- ' '

k'jil:S.i[,:..,re.YIX";kb:.Ma.",Y..a\.Xh::i2da,j'lill.i4f,lh:5k'i.l.nd`::a,besee;:ttt,.ti//,opiiua:yd-'''',''••.;.{

x• •, are summarined. (ine of tbe conditions on tbe strength of the quadrupole interactiua

in the pr'esent method by use of the polycrystalline implantation media'iS ' tt ' eZQ << ILLH 4-i wherbe eqQ is the electric-quadr.upole coupling ccmstant and J-A•H is the magnetie eou-

' piing constant. The condition le necessary for the pnaser'vation of the initial

polarization in the polycrystal sample in which field gr'adient is activeo. n!Mse lst

llllll giil.)Se:r'g:gt:gil".tii?"S are given in seebion a) and b). i!he poiycrystal pdttfpris•• ., .•.

a) Symetrie Electric Field Gradient : lst Order Perturbati(m

, . A spaee. fi)"ed cartasian coordimate (x,y,s) is ctefined as fellovs to deseribe .

the interaction hamiltonean. TheZAa)tis`Rtaken in.the spaee parallel te the nssgnetie .'"

-. 'fèid ,:i.k:."..anilÅésw,:s,slli'A,g'.`#:gf,.:h,e.,[o;',gi:a}'.:l..kd[!:'lattd:fi";6..,'

by two parameters, defined by }=VLz ovvtd 2.=(Vxx-VCIty)/ti wherelViLIZIXi<bytiZ-ilvSfxl.

Then the interection hamiltonean can be expressed yhen the electric field gradient

is uniaxially symmetrie by putting i}- in thexOsplane as shown in Eig. 4-1. '•

H=HM +Ha ''i"' 4.2 Hn=-"7fi H,1i :-i.; -•/U.h•ri ' ,• 4'5 , Hq---•-i-t!-UiL-k{l-)(l<3c`pze-t)O#-1(-i))' --, 't'l} th e òe {12(i, + I.) "g,f :OI, }+ iil A,esZe <TC , I.a. `)j) "•; ,

- 44 '

' J

, -18- ... V• '• .- tt t .tt . . . ., .:. 3.Li ,,. t.;"vll. ,A .,,..:i

x

z

Vxx

e

HL

"s-y VYY

Ng. `+ -1

The (El,ll,k) is the space

fixed cartasian coerdinate, and(X,Y,Z') is fixed to t]ne field

gradient .

H

t

2•9

ilt

/ z1

.2

(

4Z---)L----gt,

l

vrv

'ser

o

/

-r-- , 1 i"L •il,:l-.-i-•<6 .•det •,• il,,Ci,

-N'M• ' •. ,<Z.r , Al.1+;il,<ZQ ,U,•-• 2t ,UQ

'

-,O,7t ktasLts g Fig• 43-2

Thg qua(irupole shifts are e)caggerated

compared with the !rvagnetie shifts.

Fig.

esQ=o

-,d.

vxx

-egQiE O

t

t

t

1

t

t

"-5 ,U.

Fig. 4-4

- 19 •"

•--. i''1/1`lttllli•t •, l, ,

t/t tt ..rt t ' t. t /.ttt/ ttt ' ' ' 'L' ' ' t ttt where Hti, }-la axe the magnetic and quadr'utpoie interactioh hamiitonedr r6'epeetiveiy,

and the Ha is regarded as a p6rturbation of HM , where '7 is the gyromagnetic .

- ratio which is conneeted to the 1)armpr fre quency UL by ,2 IL r. 7Ho ) r• is tlris . ngg ie ar II '

' tSiPvaMenatn.dgieOsigftthhee"!nliagntfOer'MtillalsliluebleivCeifsielk'ollitlalktdlstorderperturbationcaicxtlation. /-•...

ttt ' ' El: ':..Iil.iii'1}nY-'iuti)}<s(ms2e-i),h' ' •/.''''l .',•S "/.,J

Z4?s 3Åí)zQ/kic2ra)h} ,, , where Eum is the energy ef magnetie sublevel m of nth order pexwturbaticn. When -

the nuclear spin is I = l, two transitions ainong the sublevele are poesible. Eaeh. el'1 '' transition frequency ceul.be written as ,iYLt,Ci , corregpondtr}g ..to the trunE}i. tierls ,,

• betveen the rnagnetie subleveis m m 1 and m m O, and 'between m x O opq m x .1 regpee- .F,,, '1"1

tively .r. .,"'••' '"' • ,ut .. -t- •pt(-h-,I--(3casze--l)• ' 4-7 '"• '':" ' ' ' AB seen in the equation QI.-7) the ,e4 depend on the direction eosine between the

electric field gradient and the magnetie field. They hm extremi values Hhen ' ' ' L- the two atces are parullel or percendicular. This trends are shovn in Rig. 4.2. I

, ,S. b) A6ymr"etric Eiectric Field Gradient - '' '' '''' ' ' M]e hamiitonean of the qua(irupoie intereetion by the oaee of im aaynmietric

elgetrie field gradÅ}ent, depends not only on the angle between q Enid Ho but aleo

on the relative relations of Yxx,avnd NKIyae to Ho. Thus the principai axes in Fsg. .

' 4th1 iG retated around the q to represent this Qrientstion in general. This relatÅ}on '" ,,

,/ ie drawn in Mg. 4-3. The hamiltonean Hqin the equation (4-2) is rewritten "' ' '1" ". Ha= 4/ltiz ?lilb( zt (l <3 w6ie -i ){3 tt- za tt)} +i/ei,,e à,o {Ti ci ,+i.) +c[t ff"i" '' ., , , /-•

' ; .i}-ieA;,eZe<iit+Ta-) t2(tcps242"tdie,)(#+IV+:lr"pefe?in(e`p'S-OZ(rti) •••

,.i/1capm•ooi',as';,flllÅí(,lri.,Xle.,r12r,IYiT'"Z""`S""'iS':"zth{kg,;T-i;;/;rji.},,l,{

""`' .•"..,s;"'•v.'-,,•1' 1''I•''''''1',.'L','-,.29-•1 •' '"'''',,'1'liii".'1'i'll/li,t.,[,i/,,'11'li'.'/'','i;'/i/'''i'1

K

k

N

l ••','.

.

By using the lst and 2nd order perturbation theory, the energies ef thte magnetie -

'gublevels,ean be ealeulated. . .'V IE7.m':-.7,,61!1,il"i)1{&,.;-u,.,)}{(stosze--})+tz7q";vn'ecasi9} ,.,•'

: -tthe 2nd order solutions by the case the nuclear spin is erve, ' ' e2o =O j 4-lo E2tt '= F=2",<rÌI.S)Z{gciainZe)(t.scpoi'e)+6jZ,"rpzii)th-e .

+tzzk4--lcestzTl,pmfts)} , ' ' •. 4#zi

' ' .. tt '::n/:'iifg'i"/:q/,71{1,."k•,i-i',zt/il.iiagi&Ot/l,llll,/n,e-ll-Ii'ISst",i)//satLirli.S.Iieliltt]hlenIL/,('YIF••/fi,,,

' ' ' '- • ••; '.. -e . • . , 4.za -.. : ltt .". fffhe order of the contribution of the seeond order solutions in equation 4L.re

.llsiei:ietfiiili,ll.{te-l,li.s.tis","on))i'lb",`,ilnZ-Vt,i,,&,l.=ix:,2,;o.17.:j:E

' 'vhere tl}e quadrupele eeupling constanein the present expari-ent vere .vOo2 MHz,

fvlMHz respectively f']fl ]2B and 12N in meta} sampleS pmd. ,vL':':' K,1S3, MHiZ'iB)1 `t'

,a,Ad 3,oa9. MH-(,iN) iLÅípptch'vel7• ..., •. .. ,../. ,

c) NMR Spectra . '. ''' ' 'tt

' i) stseie erystal pattem <1u1), '• '•.. ,1,, .. •' 1., .' /i•i ', ,l',t',. ,, then tbe mueiei,pt stilelj sptas are cme sit et the eptvalajit titk' './../L, ,,i4.,a ajpt, .,.e., ,,t/Ii//,

erystal, tsfo transition. fx-eqsxeneies spre possib l,e as..,diOva in e.flUatiall"'?. tl,, ,, .{.. , .,':it

:ttlilhlltFi;lf,di`r,I//g•`[j,caIi::'e.ue,.,gea:.ex:":gttcon"",insifilep:1".`"'•''?•IS•'f,•.eii•il'i,.'ii.,,lii

.,,..i,"'•f,'

P,,,•1,l.,,ll",•,/1.I•f::•/t•t/g;{'.tl;,://•••trll//,lll,,/:•ill-i•gbi"/lllll/11/,'/1.i;i/l//f"k,,//,:';,/l/,t,,},,;/:"•i,i-lii..{,,/Ei/1iil"/i.,,:I///ii///t,;,l,1//L:,,,,;lll,g,i//t/li/:iii't//;,iJl/t'..11I•Jlillll/iil;,/;f•;t.l'//:/i/,i/"i,..,,,,'li-'i./r/;.

t. ,., //. 'r . t t/ t.1/ '/rt/' '- '' ,' '-, tt ttt ts .t /t/ //t t t. ' v- ' ,nit .I. ,1.;" ,..t., ,f ,, .. 't, ., . . , l.s , , "ptt' tt ' ' tt. t ' tt ttt/t -i- lit -- ,-. ,., ,.-tt t ttp tlli./','-., ,"pi einiastSon is expreseed by t}}p'`'tx)palstions in the insgnetic sublevels. alhen there

'- •:../y , !s no qtaa(tnpoie inberaeticrn, the polarization can be canpletly dgstrvcted by an

l//s,,1,ii/?,,I•,ll-i,,,i,,,l,ll],.•.-•••tl-gel•/6•f•,,lf••t,'-,rt;&tl'.Ieni,iXel`ll,71iheim•iiur.ll.il:.,.i:X:':nsig,t",::gp.&'::.:r,i,kokhe.lr;;•:ax

,//,' l'"' '• .'., r,',.9.ptgF..:k ppartiall"r equaliflvad by an umqytg reccmance cezadttienr and the respective ''

te vh iij. fl.lpg,!itiea are Preparttanal to t(pt e po-). ut 1<p, •- su )c(xresponding te each

•r. ' y,,. ,,it!vansltScato A sintpie gum of these independent intensities beeomes cm}y one half

';i",'a /, af.the initiai pelarisatt(m Pn pt - prl . rhis is essentially dLfferent fron the

• eeee vhen the tvo trunsitions are induced siimultan'eously and the initial poiariza- ttt ' tida -is templete]or de6truetSble. ' . '

••3';, ,, ,, , , ii). Polycrystal pattern pttt 'A) in randan orientation of the field gradient in a polycrystelltne sample gives

riee to a contirmeus distribution of the transition frequencies. We sssume in this

-, eeg,.tism that ,2Lk,is unique and fieid gradient are uniaxially symmetried Ror the

' lsh}pS, fxt p.l,mpMci.ty, tbe sign ef Z.2a.is assumed to be poBitive. The intensity ofa

il"ne ptpa is preportional to the nutnber of ths nuelei of which transition frequen-

ttl. tt 'eies belong to a unit frequency range. B3r using equation 4-7 the lme shape fune-b

. tt(m Si(YtFs redueed for,C4 .

's,<,u)-`ck -2diIÅí!geU, -`- Y((2Iii{iJiiiFi' ` 4-is

As tdr )u , the shipe ftinctitA'iiVg)a mirror image of ,(J+ to the i6rrnor frequencyUL.

' .., Mhus the intensity t(pi - p. ) or i(p. - p- ) spread over the range of IZ6 . by,

cuperposing the tvo line shape functions, an mx gpectr'um of quadrupoie interaetion

can be obtained. The crver ,ail vidth is,<IQ. IfiLla is a tev huncbed ptz, the

polarizstion destr"uctien by an rf field at unique condition can be estirnated

by, eonsidering the eaiculate.d dipoiar broadening (.v a few kHz) to be only a fraction

' '

- 22 -•

.• t

.(•

-/ "tecJ 't' ' '' t'. .' A. tt ' ' t ttt ' ' 'of a%. Thus the effect is very difficult to deteet by ausmp,1 rf field. The rf '

fieid must be modulated in frequency to integrate the mx effeats ntthin the mbla.

tion range to make the effects observable. The calculated spectra ealculated by

assuming the frequency modulated rf field are shown in Fig. 4-5 in which their

modulation depondences are clearly seen. The asymmetry of a spectr'um is the regult 'af the asyTmpetric distribetion of the levei' populatian which ie simulated tQ the

Z2B ease. The center peak shown in the figure is the effeet of the rf modulsti(m•

As eeen in Mg. 4-2 , Z7t and tU- of a nuc teus are ne ar ly egual to ve ro vhen e .N. tZ)gl "3 .

If the rer}ge of the tbequency moduiation cover the frequeney ,<1""-'the tvo trtusi-

ti(ms macy be induced'•at the same tirne, and the polarization of the nuelei majr be

destructed ecnnpeEete:Jr.

The line shape shorm in stg. 4-5 ean be expressed by using the line shape .•

J -H'runction 4-•15 in which the dipolar broadening is neglected. S!hB intensity of the

prt rnagnette field is assumed to be sufficiently strong, which means that the

equaiization of the populations related to the transition is comptete. 1}he polari-

Lzaì`M Cha"gta" 1' >S.f]Sn.., b<'p,de.)s,(vo ,+(t,.k>f-wtJYdxr.S,Pi. e,(v')+iCO'))? dVi '

' :,k+.<et)dvi=t , p-.-.-. V,-p., - L4-- t",,

wime Ap ic the ?"a,vi6aXde" c]tan(eeo Z7dLe (>`we illL ceptbnjr7zarè.,cz 1 th nd-

uÅíAthvt ib V, -S` "w,t"2aZk'tu lp ;au, ' <)) VLZkr+{6U oa ".SU--t,4rv ' A=v-iau, Bs,zl+i`su Rc=V=o •, , - C7) rvPrv)rve-t4" ' ''' A=jY-t4ZZ,Br2U.',U-•l;AjU,B=C,. S)el>-t--Å}dV - t

' <J" t4U 7,U>,U. - 3) .- A= 2•U.-,U +:zsiU, B=,ur+•:IE`sU) c:,u- lf6z,z,' ' v. D=2,U.--Vt"4,U. , • ' -/ ',. 1" ' -- 25- , " . '",1'" t, ,, .; i' 11•,,

t .; .• '' Tii '' . /';/• -,.'' '' ''f':,• j' ie/,'' .',ir./, •/i•' '"l

'r.

i

co

oco=o>L.i•-.

l.O

O.5

.

4

6

,

o

o1

25456

A)/bQ

t50 9oIOO

70 50 40 20 to

o E.E

ZXb

( Åë >

•+-- U

5(t

c

O.2

O.1

o

t

7

5

6789

4 9o2'O.5

Fig. 4-5

The

wasarbe

of

-bQ/2

bot77

o•

>>

=bQo

Poly crystal pattern

The first order solutios were used. The

ratio of the related population simuiated t6 the 1?'B in Ta case. The

the resuits of the asymmetric

the frequeney modulation.

la!2

dipolar broadening was

differences were assumed to be

asymtric heights in thepopulations. The center peak is

negiected.

2.9 which

spectrathe .resuit

- 24 -

x

N

tt: ' "'TL'' ' -o ' t.tt

''1;i' ..,, B> IZ"eo ) dipe!ar vidth )? o)

, . The transition frequencieg of more general cases are given in equation 4-]2.

:t ie.eagrplicated te solve the line shape funetions analytically by taking ths lst

' arrd.the 2nd order soluti(ms and the asymaetric eleetric field gradient into ccrnsid- ' . .-t ,,, efpatien. t"he modulatien in frequeney and the dipolar broadening make the case meme t t/t ' ' ; •e•. difficuit. Still the spectra can be caicuiated nunN)r'icallY. In order to malce the ; ' .t tt oaloulaticm easier, the rate af the polarization destruction of the muclei is

'expbessed by simple equations by assuming averaged transition probabiiities.

- Tbe .probabiiities of the two transitionstape generally different aecording to

the frequeney di fferences froa tbe appiied rf frequeneyo As the rf freguency is

' i' modwiated, they are also tinD dependent due to tlMe periedical sweep of the frequency.

Ihe repetition of the modulation ie coinparably fast coiepared with the nuelear lite-

time, and•the time averaged probabilities may be used. Tl)ese quantitieB csn gut

12 B nuclei are implanted in en[psrtmentally in the taoduiation-check run, in whieh .

"a platir!um stoPper. '• 1}he polarizatian change is eBtimated by summing up ell the.changes of the nuclei

/` whoe treMitton frequeriex'ee which eorre6pond to an electrie field gredinnt ot an

.t'' ,•''' orientation defined by D and b(r, belong to the'modulation rtinge.

APav-5,Sv{i--TCk.,k-)}iP.-.ededty ,-},,

' ' where k" and k.. are the avernged transition probabilities for the tvo trdptsitions

' lt/ 4 , • 1.. 25 .. '• • ' ,t, . . tt ' t. tt t ttt.1 t" ' ,.:. ,. ,...... , . ,,.,. v•J,.t

--

.k

,

i(1+ and ,<L of a nucleus re6peetively, which are the function of the differences

betmeen"the transition frequencies stnd the center frequency ot the medulation, and

the {l - T(k+, k-)} is the rate of the polarization deFtruction of the nmcleus.

' ./ ,,,, ,rf the aye,raged,.psobabilities are used, the time dependences af the level popula-

'" tt{nyr}.SPf"'tllrdnmU,C/ldt'tl)tllr-llr.p..re.sÅ}sek2(bRy.,.$.g)fo.1.1,>o,wptngsinpleequations,

; /r• • '.• 'c atP./it> ---'- -P.O -t-l k+ <?s el?,> -i ft- <?.- ?-) ;iN 'Po •

<d?,/dt)= 'P-?+lt ie-(Pg'&)"/Ni)'{ 4-i6

,,. Vbere llv?o and P-i- are the populations {n the magnetic subievels which are not

noindtveC, the?,e i"'P/• and P-O are She production rate of eaeh magnetic sublevell,,

Sbe ly is the regtproea1 of the nuclear iife t"ma and ki include the effect of rt ,,

transiticEMi. The sPSn lattiee relGvcation tiim) is sssurred to be fairly iong eomparea

' ' .} with the nuelear life V,ine. The resuit of the equatian is shoun in Appendix C.

' If there is no qua(impole interaction, k+ and k. take a sarlte value, and equa-

tien 4-16 gives equation 3-11. Then thg anaiysis of a sharp resonanee obtained

by applying moduiated rf field,may give the transttion prebabilities as a function

tt of the (lietancb betveen the transition frequency under the oonsideration2and tlre

' orPplied rf frequency.

' In the aetual experinent, the rf field was selected so that the populations

related to the tmxition ney be eompzetely equatized, and the cendition {1-TCN2k-)

, is obtained. Beciiuee of the dipolar broadening, the poiarization destructiens at

' the outstde the modulation range are also induced. :n this case the effects should

be eompated by using thB equatians written above. As the dipolar broadening. hcNf.-

ever, is very narrow compeued with the modulation range, tbe folloving appraxtuh

' tion osn be made in the nunerical ealculation., !nstead of abtaining the trane"ion

' ,, prol)abilities, experimental speetra of poll;27ization destrueticm observed in the

. eXpertment of the shar,p resonance such as B in Pt case are used in the app.ra;ctu-.

tl. ,t /t ' t/tt t/ t t tA ttt tt '•' •' --'26- • • 1,.,. ,t./ .,,,i. ,, • . . .• .•-,.,-•IJi..)l•.l'1 1i-.illl-t•lik•

x

lnyi

N.N

i' ticm. Thus {1 -T(k+e ke)} is reduced from the elporimental spectra on 12B in pt.

, , A rete ef the population equalization among the related two Truigr}etic gublevels

' idepend on the experimentsl eonditions ; the rf intensity, the modulatiori' width and

pa dipelar width. the resultant line shape of the NMR spectra on fcc metaLs were

' vel,l•asspad to be Lorenzian-type from the analyses of t)}e experimental data as

' sh(Mm in ehapter7a), deble 7--lo Then the extent of the N)ER intensity to be •

obeerved at biis proportional te . ' ' . S(Ut- bO= t/{ 8# cV '- "VZ} ' 4- fi ,.. where an rf is applied at ,Utand the 5' is the hait width at half maxhm (HWHN)

of the expsrintental iipe broadeptng vhich was conparable to the caleulated dipolar

broadening. When the rf was medulated in frequency an rf of suffieient intensity

' which dan indue- a conplete polarissation destructicm vithin the mo(tulation range,

is experimentally selec+.ede and the N)IR intensity to be observed is proporticmal

to , s.D.".lliZf(M-u")d-K," • if•-tg where tbe range of the modulation is ,U-lktejVA/ jU+-.•-l AKI. This can be rearrunged

' by taking the experirltental conditions, and the maximum vaiue of the polarization '

into ccmsideration. T'<v,v'),s {t2vvt"("'-z,,:L`gzJ)!(r - taq"(e"'z,;,2,a2'i)(i},-/. SgT"i.6Z,L.IZ,!,vE ,(-ia

, T'<v,ju')tL '+,y sJu;x)1L:ltSJU 4-2o

.'• /' The relsted populations vhose transition frequencies are contained vithin the modu-

'' lation range are assumed to be coinpleteiy equalized. The {ll(V) jZ/1) can be

direetly conneeted to the differences of the resultant populations of the relatedL e;,-,. bve nvagnetic cublevels. The populations"('ntthe leveis are Pt2R)P- and ?st2 Po',?4

corresponding to the before.and the'after the spplication af an rf field.

-- '' T`<V,,U.+V")=l---(Pi'-?.i•2/(P,--Pb? 4-2i f,(Kl, ,<L+,U-)= l- <Po'-?v{ )/C?o--?A) 4..22

' tt tt

.. . r tt t T.t t.. t t t tt t. tlt t.. ttt , t... t-tr /. .'..t '1/'." ' J ,1 , . ,.. .. ,, ,,. 'M' ' . 'J ,.', .:]/ tl;f /.

'trl t'

"'x where the level populations axbe nonnalized to satisfy the following conditions ;

RtUtP, = P,'. ?/,+P.' :.:-i l

The{i(l.Ti,4]bl,k4,-i?C.an-fllfcl2)IP,r,2X,ll121il>t}ed-.,`,Op,bvep.,t{.k,,,..,,c,,>.-fuK4,u)};!(po-PH>

. i tr'( v, ". ,v.)p 4-2s Whets Tr("U,KJ+,,U.)rT'(ig,,<IL+Z4)eT'(e,V.tj<Z.) , ,UÅ}are ealculated by equati'on

4-12. fi!he relation ls correct when the only one transition frNequency of a nucieus

is csuised by a untque resonance condition, and when the two transitions of a nucleus

are caused by the strong rf field with which the population related to the tr'ansi-

ticms is eompletely destrueted. By the case when the two transition frequencies

are under the influence of the rf field and the populations of the magnetie subleveis' . t,L related to the transitions are not completely equaiined, the relatlon 4-25 is an • ' approximation. Then the range where the equation is approximation is ,just thq '

modulation width around the Larrnor frequencyZ17L

An rf with a sufficient intensity and a vider width of frequency modulation

, eanpared with the dipolar width, reduces the difference between the real value and

l2 tbe cvalculated. For instanee, by the case of B implanted in tantlum the differ-

enee is uurnericaUy estimated to be susaller than 7 % of 'the asymrsvetry at the center

•pea}c, by the ease the range of the modulation was i5 kHz. The absolute value of

tbe difference is estimated to be sntaller than O.3 S, sinee the asymtry change

at tl?f,e peak is at most 4 %. This is srnaller than the statistical error in the

preeent experi!nent, which is.vO.5 %. Tltse relative differences reduce, as the

modutatien runge is widened as described in Appendix D. Typieal quadrupole speetraL

ot general eases are shown in Fig. 4-6. M"ee are numerically cdw•ted by assuming

' the quainpole width, the ssyrmetry of the electric field gradient, the popalations

' of the magnetie sublevela, and the dipoltir broadening. ,' tl ." .t.... ' ' .. ' . '

t. ;." i,llill",Ki'•, , -2s •- ., .., `

s .t. t: ' ' ' -{,'' '''' ''I'': "' •'. ''' 'i: '. '/' •' ''"1' ' ' •'"•''' 'i""""

Å}

igIE

lz

E2>co<N>F-

(Jwcr

Abr-'"-'-t .

i')7i=l•O

l77l= O•7

1

toi= O•5

l771= O•35

l771=Oe2

l771=O

Fig. 46

=to

"Z(,,12 O • U,12 ' ' ' Q Poly crystal pattern (rz )ffO )

The spectra were calcuiated by assumimg All/IJ"=6.5 9e-.dipolar

O.8 9o of the coupiing constant,and the ratio of the popalation

be 2.9.

e broadenig

differences

- 29 -

4/U ,Ua

=t 6 O O/6

•---••----J`== = t "--•m•----d--• •--e"--•-"-• = :L••-------••-•-•••m----t

, - -t- 40,

i120 tt ..

A

i+ IOF-

-)Ua/2 o

2=o•Ua12

Fig. 4-7 The lst order solutions to obtain these spectra. The

assumed to be 2.9.

vith symmetric

ratio of the

fieid gradient were used

popuiation differences were

-30.

'N

N.

x

?z

O•3

ixZL/"A

30 o/.

O•3 30

O•2 to

zsvo o

Fig.

-%/24-8 Poly"ciystal pattern

Finite asymmetry of

coupiing constants were

the f'ield

assumed.

o

gradient, and the

ag /2

distribution of the

-51-

•1}.

r

"

'r"' ', .' •' ''-1• ' I.'--', ' .'i•. •'''' '1i 'l,''/, •,i"i/";IL ., ,11ii'i".l"lili'''i""i'

..

.'

1cry '

ilit,i"tixek vhle6iaflg6t iis aeilÅí'a- ,u.a..,hk -liha,//' ' .I•Ii 'i. i'i', .11 Ill I•.i, '.,,,/

- , ,,.tt, re are t/,eveT-1 cauees which dBform de pelyerystat .ppbeti,F ebee;!.p. g !.ly USe

.,,,ot mp,. I)r ay!nmetrte fiepa, gradient.Åí ane• of the ceuseB es alrpay, ab9,w,n ln,.,thfi

"i,lilllliii-Flill/i`gllili-,eeIil/ii:i,//•&',//•Iir]i,ii.i.ii,tll/iiii•l,ld/j'i:.'k•sl.li-;lildk•'IiiireiiLl,i-.hpt..:,l,nyg/:t",i1•

't l.",B?,a.',Yl:.ll`'l'l,l,fe..l:,llli,llgei,"ì.ll".. 9tu"; tl.le, tu`ro`F?/L.lg,,.ll,l sh,, t shifte'••iic f"e.f#. p. i6

. .t t ' ' ' ' tt ' ' i)lil(l :tlj'li .ou.:..d,i,.stl:lbl"tl:tiIlltty f.yim.eidtilt7 di2n.ld gladienls aiii eonsSdefed•' ni . 'ij

distribution of the caupling constants is asstusd to be squn type fith fiat]f v#dth

4Z6. 1!he resultant spectra are obtained by gumming up each spectrun whieh cor-

lliSll19.iYdakO:l,:lli,zC'.O"PIIIg)!.:27nSlan:i!cill'-i`:cYan'iC:ioftS:[li'!X"i:ii"rtaollll'l!leYdvfllfrekrense-:`..,,

lhati the spectr& in IMg. 4-6. To simlate an actual case typicaL epeett).4eaye.;.ie6}sr.s• '/"i

whafad in which ths two eanses,i.e. the asymllEtry of the field gradient and tbe '

cantinuous distribution of the coupling constant are included. 1!hey are shcmh in

liS. .46. ' ' tt ' ' t ìi) 2..iFt9:ri.',gPii.I( lgltll..:h,bi,fllg6za>the anis6tropic part ef de xnight dri''is-niin' i-

' ' asl't • 't!itikltseds itk ==.pzv.)(Ep)zrodastert> •: . , '-').,.s,.,. .

where P is the Bohr magnetcm N( Ei) is the density dr`'states at Pent-=gantidepl)er

.- unit voluine and pe,r unit, enerlsy interval" Vo is one atomiÅë volum, $1 is determtud

t. ' ' ' ' ' - -32 -• ' •,, . '• , c' /•1 • - , ' tt ' ' ' t. tt ' ' t tt tt ' .- . i. tt:. .t.. . , ,. ..t ,, - t., .,. .. tl. N.L

LL . .. X '' 1" by thg radiai vave tunetion, and e is the angie betveen the magneti.cl tield snd Sbe

•rJ

':a. x erystpllographic a)tie. The angle dependenee of the anisotrorv is very similar to, ' r 'that of quactupdle splitting, and the guadrupole splitting,(4LLare expandad or reduced

L, 'aeecnrding to the eigrl, efthe anieetgopy. in tip, spectine on ]2B in Ta and Mo, clear

'"' v effects'were. observed in•vhtch the lrequeney 4iffergnoe of tbe left peak to the '

- -. -li):. - , 'bentett peak''(aSLV? is aystematieally large gompa•red vith that,of the righ#"pealt.

t Ltttt ''t 't ' ' ' ' ' ' 't ' ' ' '

,

••.•

h•

x

,b

''t

'

L

a .11. tlt

/t" •l'e,i '. :l " '"LL[ . '" X',

-

'

'-t t 't 't't ;- 't = -t -il 'tsl ' t. ., -

- 33 -

i 'r L'L,;.E.

=N- .t ;

"' ll gl

L

lill''il;,Jfiii'J'ii/i;l"11il[///l•1,.;,il:•/J:,i,1 il ,,,,, '..''`; ' 1 . ,''' '':"•J,,/.'/' ''

tza t'••'

,,'i"'ii.,,S.'' Aibo'i'Mmpiantat{on'. ' ', ',,''` '

',2.t

'"ii//'''ri .'

;tis)' pt.. ibie.sites of tive Recoii Nuciei ..•.-t ,{./i•I,l)il,ii/t•:i,'i,I.i/II"i'

,//-'i,'

l,•,,,,1•rl-l'i!,llii.,..;,,re."p:llll[Ill:ile.i',llg".Cile,d.g'.,O:.t.be.,ta,r.ge,.t,:,re.iMiilial"le.d,,lll'l,;ll?,ditf..lu.h:: .'.,,

',,;', ,.,•.,/,,., pmt trediWt can be eet*matea by tha range"nergy relatian of a'•ehargect pcrtiele et

:' L' :' v' ' 1, leu.energye The range spectr'um of the implanted par,ticles have a eertain vidth "

/t. "L-':,,,,,- ..eorNepdnding to tbe enetigy spreed due to the target thickness and the spread of't-Lc

. .' ' /,. pee.oil anE}le.' ?or instance the recoil nuciei 12B which come cut from a thin target

.1'1.i ,.'.t-figllltC:te.pffpe,eitj[':i l.d.tiyfgtt.tth.eib.ret:gil..nch.iei.l:'ne"2d2.[lun-,2/..eidn2t.}d.:;/::.turdE.dt,benthe

i't

' ' a' rah{itS is almost equai to the target thickness. (See Fig.• 5-1 and Appen.dix E.>

tt.

,' r' Wim , there isalarge mass difference between the recoil and the host

tt t ''"- '' elernents, the probable sites of the recoii elements are interstitial. Qn the otber

handt if, the mass weights em comparablefthe probable sites sre substitutional.

/".,,•-.'.,'i' i) fi,pe,!beMpelll.ti.bl''6'siits.'.f i2b .nd mN are interstitiai• . ' ''

't L They sit at the center of an octahedr'al (A) or a tetrahedral <B) surrounding

''' ì, of the nearest neighborus as shown in Itig. 5-2. Tlius the sites are free frcnn Em/tt

' ''' .••• ,glectric field gradient because the synmBtry of the nearest neighbours are at ieast

3 feld symmptric about independent 5 axes. As the N)ER vidth to be observed is

,' ' ;' ,.••' ,' ' ny.?F4, niY due to muciear dipoiar and instmental width, 'the carefui observation oi

,.'

-•,/1' tidiis' vidth and Nlffl, intensity certify the discussions on the recoil iinplantation and

l/ '/.,•,, the opuses of the ljne broadening. By imalyzing the speetra on tce metals, the

,' 1' . •' neqesE!t}, ry treatments and c(mditi(ms are ebtained for bcc metais that iB to be used

t . .'lll,,,,;.. ih'i quadrupole interaction experiment. rn the experinbent, it was found that the

:,' /. ". il recoiJ.sat at the eZectric field grsdient free sitee. . ,

l.l,.''il'liiiiliill'/1,,/lli"11'il//•,,ll,,.,,,;.1..IIt:'it//.I••-••./; •?1.". . •'•''",..../l'."•

hP•Hop

:oAo>.Hped

Hmet

1a

Erecoil = O.2 MeV 2TargetAv200 pg/cm

Host ; Copper Skindepth .-v22

2p Eyr cm

O 100 200 " -Depth lvstopper

Surface

',s-1 The distribution in' tHe "ample wasi galcui'dteld2bir use

B particle lov of enegied range energy relation tne theof

by assuning a thin target and a sharp recoil angle. ' '

- 35 -

mg/cm2

Fig.

'

1

uat

'

li

,

hXz

x)2

'-Z >-

Nh

.t}-'t'

t-1,,.y.,. 2X/t,.

.

,- eunt-m-v •))t'

J'

IJ

)>

Fig. 5-2 Probable sites of the

are shown by the larger

implanted elements sit (B) surroundings of the

light elements in the fcc crystal of

spheres. The sizes of the elements arein the center of the octahedral.(A) and

nearest neighbours.

heavy element

arbitrary. The

the tetrhedral

tt'

--d.l'

e----)

--

1ttt

etpe -t'e,

'tt

--

eorI)

.k'

'

tt t.ttttt t"t.

i,s'-'s.

th' g. 5-3 The probable sites of the light elements in the bce erystal of

ernents are $hown by the 1arger spheres. The sizes are arbitrary.ed particle sit in the face center of a unit ce,ll<C), ari'd in the twotheAperpendicular arrays formed by nearest two host elernents.

heavy el-

The implant-

eenter of

-v 37 '

}'] "'

:'

"••

tt1- ,

-ie

-i

,-

tl

'.' 4 '

,

tt

i' /tt t

tt t-. ttt

's

,.

Ii,li -'1

"'' i

tt',Si'L ,'I,, .; di-

tt"••

k•, tl'"

rL. 'i - .xs -isi.p/:zr '••s."' .. t/,a,.' ., -.,"-.

Il•/1"r..i;l;i' ,1'

J' 1•k-es,A/+ ..' ..

' 'il V.1-- ]l ,!+ . ' tt

' ' ' ' ' ' ' k N- - rhe p"obable sitms ef ligikt eiements iike 12B in the heavy elernents xikp Ta

'are also',interetitial. According to the consideration on the pmtry ef She host.,elenentsltwo ptobab16Xsites are expecte" as shown Rig. 5-3. (sed Appendix P.)

Bleetrie field geadients arNi expected therei due te the urrtaxially symmbtrtC (listri-•

bUtien of tlve neighbouring eieme' nts.' 7. hei obadr,vation crn quadwpele interaetion in

tbese" bce metals in tbe present study berSltt, f...d the g..fpected sites tO be trueo

iii) TiBo. and ZrB- casesi ' L,. ft!he atornic ma6s ot 12B is so close to that of initial B in the sar"ple that

' 'tlSe proba6nity of substitution gt 12B in the sample may be considered very high

•in the colltsion proceBseg. Thqn the probabts gites of 12B isht}},e cubstitutional

tn the sample. This process was uueqg, s3fuUy used by K. Sugimote et. al. in the

experirbent of y19 and F17 i9). In"the present experiment, the ratio of the field

gradient acted in theBe sarnples agreed to the knoMm ratio of 11B. Ihis supports

"that thei majority of i2B sat et the gubstitutimui. .

M!e eleetric quadrupole inter'ection of 1111 tn the samples hs"e' been nNgaqured

by the ugual NNR experitaent by A. H. Siiverl.6) As the electronic stste ot 11B arrd ''

12B is identiea]i the same eleetne fzeld gradient will act on them. TITus a tbeesure.

S,u,a:'ti;uiili:ol,!,lliliii:n:•ie:ii'2:kowa,"iilk.:le.lll':ICtii",:'":.S.lli'l[le,:b,:O,;".i,e..rg,io,:;,.,,..,

.t

"•.,tAegerding to the crystauographic study about the boron ip the samble, it s"i'ti

F,t, Si}ie,eenter ot the paiem tormd Py twe rigu1at7 triangle vhieh is e9t!}.l.08ed e,S ,S.IiNe

,F-rP,iiii,.,,.,,,.,iir/iiii,.',,r/f,,..,,.ililiiil,",".rk8,Yeii"iiii,"ii•lbelff?/Y/i,,:J,///•J,.ii':.11..i.,ì•,F•r'i,1,:r,,.i,'i,r,i,,:-,li;•i'f,,ii,,,,'itYllil,,,,,,,•,,,

,-;

t.

'

-

b

H

8

-{

b) Eleg<tric Yield (}ragient

The electric-field gradient at a nucleus is given by

XX'g,.,.i.s(.3I.=th2.'.i.a.22i,s.lfì.r[l(.C,).'tlitigklli:c(hà'aSrgee)ddegsityatr. AccordingtoR.5E-)e

,:tVt.en..'tl)beAll::lld..g.rabde.tl"Ihin.:el:9.:'1.l!.cg:n;:sidb.'redwd::.aT:•iThesin:p:r.e.m,t::;e:b7.ee.phar...a.te

"Sg that spt)eres toueh for near neighb(Juriag atQmLc sites. Mrgt gradtent contrt-

bution is Zufrising frcva the region outside the sphere, thB nuclei and the elee-

tronsg Seeond contributionZ2ec comes frou the canduction electrons inside the

sphe.re. PinAlly there is a contribution from the electr(ms in the closeq sbells

at tbe atutc site in question. They are distorted under the ulluenoe of spherieal

le environment and interuet ntth the nucleus. 1!his ihteraetion is well'known as ''

sternheimer ilhtishieiding factors')r.. and Rqi8). Then eiectric fieid ghadien{ 'kt

the nucleu.s ts '

' X' ' ZLatt (i" >oo) 'tl g'Bac (t' Rt ). . ' 5-2 TheSk {}riees from the free electrons in the distorted electrie potential !ithin

tbe sptveie due to tlva ltstt and is strongiy reieted and proportionel to -te . bu.

the eleetric fieid gr.adient of a' site in the crystal is deterTnined by tnd ctistribo-

tion of the surrounding iens at the lattiee,

., Nstually tbe nuelei of an elemenF Ypa eit at tbe equivalent inberstitial ef '

or subetitutienai eites ef a Åërystal reeeive ein indentieal electrie field gradient.

Ibere are severel s(}urees that destvoy tlp unffore,tty' of the fieMg rhey,are

.aigieeetioag, ioeal strEtns opd the exietence et impartties in tlva cryst"i. '

byli.:n.ilt:.::iingt"al..efe.1.rl.,,?l.ee.?,:.!!.r.!K:Yit,ootal;Oget:llll12,illhllipiz.9C:i.8Igtt;t:sht;$h.bf?,za!rbeNen.K}ve,,,'a

trvailability of the tlreatrrent vas eertified in the N)Et dgmtepp,ity and ntdth (rf }•2y

,.1 ,,.1//,i,,1,/ili, ,•T/. 1,ff,l.i,•7111i,;iY,•1..r,,, e'rl,".:l• ,Yd itaTfo" itr, p. . vte:? T,r., "brfrr•r• d ,.rinr,;..

'

"1/f-iklli'1"",t'Ci'//,I,,,'''''' '' ,./,',y,'•, -. ... ,,/, ..,,,,. ,,

:i,s" "'i lii"/:,. i•i ,. . ,, ,., , .. .: ,t•''" ,.li,•ili-iliil`•,ll//isi•'i's' '"' ''"'' '' " ' '''''

,/t",, ./- .- t. , ,,+pa/ ' ti t

-tteil//ii/f-/:/,,fil'"'JiL../ti';;liid.•l:•l.l.f.:i...,l,r:;rtht,i•Ni).am:';:edttptiI:ihe,g,f:.,?l`"l.le,,:;Lom:::,:bil';;.,t,,o.t.::i,i?.:.,::.rle;l:te,d,,

;f'•' ,.,c.lllll,;. . il,mp. 6pt. D,, , ,gf this expqijrme4t. ;t is difficuit te' cgcutate the qumtitative eiectric

;'Yl,,/ ""t.ii` •i 1i''sliAita gred, tsg.tlin ''the caee i2B euad ig!ff in impianted in the .,interstitiai ot /r., crystai,

i'/lli';.-i,J'L' ' ,,ibeg,ell,sg, .,.ef ther. ptiguity of,,thfv atmpe state iin' " of the char,ge•gt.ates of surrourttiing

11'/Lr/,,//;i,'•/,i'ii".'il',.•illila:1gis:.lte.),t`,l9,l:.l?•61inis`hS..'ndIttOl.il'l!1le.e,lrt,.C.:1/1,ilin'rog'.'"d.,ie:ll,"III,l.ll9,l:i'jX,..,

I//;/1•i....f,,/;f/r, ' 1 StXh(MeIY depends nn tlle!r asymmetrxc aistribut;err.

Y,p•• 1•t i•- • •-/'tt L,... .'.I./t/•• •

t+t- .

•,, Qf•

e

e

gec

a

'Z Ldtt

o 9C"r)

"r

e

e•.

.•/Fig. 5-4

'-t--' "'

•- 40 . t

't. s.'- ,t

6 Etxperirltental Apparatus and Procedum

' a) produetien of poia3rized 'i2B and ]2N Nuciei ' , ,.., i2B dihd l2N vere produced through the nuclear reaetignB 1iB(d, p)Bi2 and

t"t'(••,,,,•l•lll:•2•B(l•ik'/1.,"act"'i'eY.,r,,.Xhe,,Y,eX,de:an`Pf.tg%..',S,?fS:":,Åé."n..l!,lgig"i.n.ve.."'

1.43 MeV. and 3.8 NeV respectively. The incident partieles were analyzed by .}.,t

mptic particJe analyeer. The bearn of particles was ehopped toapalsed beani'

, ot 20 Ms width and every 60 ms intervai by an .eleetric beain pulser to eepargte the

,' ',,.,:lr. gi I: k":e:, ikOì liitkll: Y..d ill,P.Åíg,pagli:i:..C l ;ill,lg,Sl,,,Allil/::fO,"ua. e.d, "lll T, .

•is" 'statie dsflec'tor was enrpIQyed to correct the beam path wandered el igtttiy by a

,/t /.t Å} ' . static strong magnetic field applied at tbe target position. Csee fis} 6 '-l)

Mie target and the target holAipr vere developed to fit for the use of the

high beam inte'nsity to increase the yield of nuelear prodwction and higher inei(isnt

beem eneriisiFiAt 6A'2dtiek tantium er copper backings were used. Eine target side of the

backingS tiere ezposed to the incident bean and the recoil nvpclei were ejected fron

; ' the same ntace. )kitalic bQr(m was evapelated on the beekings by the electnm"

bonbardment teehnique. Natural boron was used for (d,.'p) reaction and enriched

10B isotope was used for (3He, n) rNeacticm. The thickness et the target was abcut

40Jsi7/cm2. It was set in the chaitiber so that the angle between the gurface of the

target and tbe ineident beeun was 10"Ns degreeg. {T)ie collimator ,for reeoii nuclei was

set ,at 30 degrees froin the ineident bean and its anguiar "iath was canfined to IQ deg.e:S.SXrT"bet 6're'3iAaftBi' gn betreen the recon ang}.e and 'the recoii ens'rgy are choimp in'

Rag. 6--4, 6-5. . - ... 1 in f3 particles vere detected by two c6incidence eoupies ot si (") detectors

(Yig. 6-6) which were set at the uppar .a, nd,, at tpt, 'ikolter sid.es of the recoil. stQpper.

tMre sensitive layers oftiepe solid state' detectdiwerervl.s mmx 2 em2. 'Qnly the ,

p. partieies whic? pasft fF,c?ygh " e:;./{fl,tl. ,:ee//rre,. ree CìUi'èd' 1.l'7. ...1le'9, .1,i}f.

tli

s

t•

'titae epeetruin of the ? Pinrticles obeerved by tbe datectors are abown in Ilfg. 6-7,

6-8, and 6.9. The obeersred time spectra agreed with the results so far masured;

'Ts = 2o ms for'lx2B..snd Tlr = u rns for '12N respeetively. The bloek diagram of tbe

detectlon system used in the experiioent are sh<nm in Fig. 6-IS'•and descrived in thD

nBxt seetion. The energy of thB incÅ}dent particle vae pa, cided so that the quantity

af < P ray yteld)X(obeex'ved polarization)2 may beeon utaxiimzm. fl!t)eir,tren.dB are

- ."-shova in Mg.6-10, and 6-11. • •• , ,, ' The ejgeted.nuclei uere implanted in suitable implantatm media (recoii stopper).

rhe recoil' stopper vas• attacbed to a fran)e of copper lLne ef 1 m in dLaleeter nt

.J PtgpWpea;sf:tidd::Sai.h.OkdeJl :ia;ht.OIPzin ?ig'6ei2, and 6eis• .Ttip, treatponts,(rf .yv?

tt ;. .. lt , ,l.".F, ';S .L .I ..b) ,Data AccruEmlation opd lts Control System . -,,.,. '•• ' F-.- . in tbe eourse of tbe expsrinent the follontng techrtical imprqveNnts vere 1pt..

The expected ahange of IS ddecay asyirilnetry by an rf magnetic field in existenee ot

the quadrupole irLVeraction is only a eMll freetion of the initiai pat/c!.!!pe, tryr .

as exptained in Chapter 4-c). The one vay to inereaee the NNR effeet ie to uee a.

' tttfrequency moduiated rf field of a saitsble ranslB to integrate the effects vi' thin tbe

range. Stili one isust pTepare to deteet a few percent effect in the counting'r"te

in order to observe the clear quadrupole pattern. To avoid the inevitabie lans'

eerm instabiiity of the detecting system, ve empiqyed the syste- as ahovn in

,

' ' ' h An rf oscillator deserived in Appenqix I was empl(tyea . No get an rf mgdu- .

t/ /.iarted in frequenc)r, a vurfoap <variuble etpaeitance) vas attached pm11el !o.. tha

,captrcitance oC :Ketype-tsnk cLrcuiti'in an rt oscillater',- and a..tsultably ettemated

'eleetric sav tooth vave ef 5oo or 1000 Hs in repetition wee apptied., Tbe mu 'tion runge w&s able to be selected by changing the aisplitude of the wavee Tbe.

' ' ' t t/ ' ,u- .. -:. ' '- '•'''• ' ,. i•" -i; •..1 -{ ' •,i '.il.11 11 •l :. .• -••

''1 ' i'' '' ', ' 1'' -' :' ' ' .' '. '' ''' ' '." "t.; J. •1 ''" II "'"

t:

t

,- 'L modulAtien,, range was variabie frcxn a f6w`kHz to 3oo kHz. A typicai time spectrum

, of'a treli"eney modulated rf observed at rf coil in the ehasnber is shown if Fig. 6-

145. >ts linearity waB detected roughly by "Carrier deviation meter" and observed

,. .by a eynehroscepe as shown in )'ig. 6-14A, The non ldnearity of the modwlatian was

'ÌX rvagligibly sspall by the ctise tbe ptciqulatian range• is smaller than- 50 kHs. rhe '

preciee irieesudnnt of the rimge"`gaa done in the experiment on fcc metals by use

. of ths {r6'quency modulated rf field. (Fig. 6-ls,6-i6, 6-u).' In those cases the •

' ' observed ntdth af the speetrum was :aainly eausect by the mQdulatian of the rf field. .

4. TeLking thB dipelar width into aecmmt, ealculated curves vere fitted to the datalp ''

'' ''' -•, 1:b::tsCinUervdr ha8 tO"tl9. PrealCt9d bYeqUati(M,.4"20e Thus tiTe moduiation f,enf!e/ swele .

L tt t ''' - 'i)' An eutotaatic data ')neintalizati(m system <11g. 6-18> was empl(tyed to reject the 1

tt ," t.t data fluetuations dwe to inevitabie leng term instability of e caanttng !ystu ',

and signal amplifYing system. The !nethod essentially consSsts of the automatie

nonaiizatien of the data. Acounting rate ratio calculated by the data ob,tained

hy spplorLng an rf field, was nertnalined by that obtained vith.out the rf field. {Phe

L rf field was exeited on the rf eoil periodically. The signals frQra the two P ray

detecting systems were distributed into two pairs of scalars corresponding to the

rf on and off periods. A typical repetition period was Av,i see. Rrom the e -ray

c(mating rates, the ratios Rovt and Ross were caleuiated and a nomalined ratio

Ro" !Ro}f was obtained (see equatioa3--8). IsikBwise the tirne of the producticm of

nuciet and the tizre) crf f} •-rey detectign were separated as already described in the

' o . ,-:/ previetto eeetien. Yer 26 ms the target vae bembarKled by the ineident beam eS

par,ticles artd the folloving 40 ms was used for P •-ray detecti.an altemately and

repaaSedly. rhis sygtem vas supervised by a progratttbed timer shavn in tbe systeg}-

' block diagram. The four sealars were eonnected to a eomputer by way of a sealiiae•

contrel. ithen the ecalars were stopped,their eentents vere perforetea out in a •: .t ' . .t// t tt t/t tl ttv t/tttt /t tt ttt t ' ,.. . -45 -b -.• •. ..'' ,',, 1', .. ;.'i.;:, " -- . -/. ,t ,./., t. i-L .. 1 .. ,, ,t /., ' .. ., ..'.-. 1,. .;.l/n=t/.s '1 /.n '11t -1.'

'1,

' '' '' ''I '''';•'" '. ', .,,,ii ,'i ,g;•r•i ', ,,/,', -/r,/, . .,

' .. 1, ..' "- ' •.• ' . ' l" .i'•s., ;• ' '' A //e/l i,t .' +.1 ,1,111. . .1 T• .

tt t / ttt t t/t t/t/ t. t/t / tt 't t/ 't' t' tttt /t tt' 't t1 tt/ t ttt / ttt' t/ /

r,"';l,,,ta

:,l;lls,s,;,t:o:,.a:::,::::..`":::'.;:•:s:)/.or.,i'n",1/iSia-iX•il.://,,//L•111.1,i'•:;l,llil;..,,.,.-i.;11.1,.,,.l,.l•,,,

"}.r,.bav, an theoxy, ,, et !.;he quadrep6;e interactien in ei. .high'mptk tiel.q ntth 66n9ij , ' '.

Ijl:pa:lyteheq:ihbeienedtta-'d""bere•"I:,;lll:l':iirv-eiel.:rema"i`:tuie.,,Si'll,7,'l'iigi9Ta.ta:ÈI?'r•.,,,•.'i.':/:

iiiil!!ibeindCli:{lcn :;ite l.l4d.Wae abk••-tte P,9 de8eribed by the eiAe, sieai fone}iations as de- ,.tt},

' A quadrupole gpeetrurn was eaiculated by using the equation 4-i5, by asstiming LI'll,.,,:,i:dr"gP6tage';,.ii/:1;'i,,è,(k,,•;.I//,:ilillllitie,,ll:•i'III.l.91:tl,:•as/"rid,.`ljm'i,:t,'illblll"ì,O:.tt:•I::I:-,,,,i,iiel,I,ij.Ili,,,,.'.;'r.'./{t,

the dipolar broadening. The theoretice.1 curves vere compared with Fl,lp, experpt, ntaX .,. •.., ;

dat"'"'egoe` 1,};7st'},,.ef,,i.li'tLl,}{IEklilllililli[i,`,,,al,,.i,.5,gb'`FfOlif"'ill,F.r,q,?"1.kt.'a"" .,..,.'L••.,',,,.,..t,

4ec•): z.,l5[i,si>T .-- ., :' flli••'.' ',r, '' ' ' tt. .tt ttttt/ . . tt -":'!l,Ilinite,.,an:,8.,Kqk,:'.e.i:.,`th,.r,::,r,dke,,pm,me,,•..::sha."g"...y.:.x`:.:::'eew.:;,;g:::,,,z"•,inii'...

wap tbe uncer.tainty of(')Ci)due to tbe st'atistieai uncetainties of R ;g'. ,The 'p,qrune. ' . i'l.:.'llil:.llElgse.arcbed S9 aS tO MirantZe the(QC2j- A typtcailX!`parametf.}T eurve."s shcrm /' ,,.

Iri an courpaof an experipent the conditicms ebcrut an rf Nsgnelie• field vae i • ,

fixe g; the eentgr tsquepa,, y ef a mgduiated if,,, fieid, the pte ! ptimp,. ,"i,t4:,'.pt. t.il!CijP, ,. ' c,,''' ,•

Qf tlva !Rclfinlation. The guadrupa,X,,e speetra "ere (R)tapt., d by s(mping #P.e.-mp.,,, .,,.tie,,. '"` ''r

field. Ior t}i.p. sa}Be. 'of ccurvenience, hovevRr, in the data Yittirut proeesees).tbo" ,,,

'p7tr,..r.,,:,Qri"r.r/,f,,r.r,.•iT,f•oii\,/},,..,,•,-,.[,.,,/1•,,;.iii,,/fl,11/1/11.ti,,lr•'lit///,1111,,,lilli/,i,,;•i/,il'i'i',ilti//:'i'/•/:r/f///J•/11/il:;///i•/iiitilli•ll'/i;/}/i/11/t/iii'`{//'i'•//•i'i/9///////tt.i-••,,//f•.1

t

'i

' ,tt' 'e .i•' ,•:x /, t, ..,.,':t/'tses/fi./,...'r .' ,;r•':,:F, Ts-'f'//// /t .'.''.,''-../t/..;/. ,' .' "e'/, ,/' ,,. -' /:-,..i-ilL•.,•..:ii,T'Ti•'Åé•//"1 -i',IT';,':• '-i. ,.

. ' i''" ' . ' /s. -'l ..'''' Li ,/..t: .s ..'. t. L i{ ... "' -. /. t.. t ttt ttt t 't'tt ' 'tt t'' tt t't -.. .. tv ' t. ,.S'' . ', '...s, t.st tquency ef the st'rield. fhs inbensitij ol tbe ,.appM6d hoaagenb(ma -i.ignetig t,ield

' ' t .t -.. .. /-- .-, ie giren in t})e proton-resenance frequsficy. Mhe.resananeeittsquanqy dup to tbeexterMl magnetic fieid Sp(in prQtan mb(in tr"Ìuengy),of ;2B <ei" Mbu>il .

...,

). ' iS{r,=e`'',Sil-!'lki;A' lllSiPetic' mam6Ris"'of 'ua' B (om taSiaid 'di i wh,,,.' 'kkrp,t/: ''iit"fy'•

1!he quedrapgle vidth aad the dipoiar vidth are indepede.t of the ..,lnagnalkts rteid '

tntensity. Hovever, even when the field dependent t6i!n sueb,{lti.'kn.il;ht shifs'' etiste,

k.it uust be corEtparable orcler of Kirtight shtft wh.ich -ay be smalier' thant a thcnisandth

about 12B and 12N. rhe magnetie field was ecanned Qnly about iO S. bu tbe'

dependenee is very emall conparea ntth the vidth dwe to guadnipole, intcr{sctian in

''i "j -the. preeent expsrtment, and tbe field tnteneity dependenee ean be eegkcthd., f?hop tin dppiication ef honegelheoue mptic fi'eid. ot Jp (in imoton .res(nsatfiqe 'freqiisne\>1

correepondsto tbe appiication ot an rf fieid gf (2S.- "sAlif'J?> ,in''imaghette'

' field of .IF8= L!t71!L•S7, , where Jf. iB the proton .resomme freguency of the

t/temployed magnetic field in the expantment. •• t. ' tt ' ' ' ' ' ' ' - ' 1- t. '

:."/

1.t

L

t

'

" ,

`'

' . 45.,, "j. ,., ... ' t. .,. s t. ,- --, -. --•- t- . -- ,: •',g'l,il..v'i'' 1'i .i :'.i'i'1 .'Lli,.. r)'k.."'i,;L:•/.,;

- /"

"-••

r ',. i `- .l.ss"i t".. - .,;;"- A. ''-s

v

t

Ao,

P -rayDeteÅëtor

'p

.t ,v. ' ,;

-

tl+

t'

' Ti!l.egllsest. t.•. .

Claambee g' t

: ?- 'tL - '' -r -t 't" t 1': -rt t'- t--A"t t

. t - 'g,' i' fi 't ' ' it"tf" r .e. va ," , ,f-. Pig. 6 -X Beatw, :tnrta,,,. pc"t

• S70Xtu.. .•,"'•1•,i ' ' tt / ' ' '

cou

Nri

"t'

.:- x- •-- be - ':'; ''i f',:. t'' 'O .: .i ! tZ tt'1

.''; : " . '. ',il L' ' ' .,

ri t' t- r t' t'' t'' ' !t ttl .t tt ' ' - .t .h

tt.dV''

,-s-.- '

-///

.- t.s'. 'l ,''

, '' , -,.-t, ;.. 1.":' .',.tJ,ts'-.

• '•, s, ?.1•,,:,iLl •. •t. ,-

e- t 'tt/'ttt' t'' /' t' 't'

..I,. ..,- '' s 14 MV• i, lt

t't ' ttt t t t tt .ts-t. ' . ,.VPG ... . a- 'i ".•'t ..e t'''''''t',' t' t'

-. -

:t 'i t'

Beam z:

Def)eeter

.' 1,i' ''

' t'

t

-i .- -N,.te. t. ..-.. -.t

• •1' y

L' 'r"' "

//

IJ"t, s• r[<' 'l•7•

{ 't'' i't'"/ .SIL.

Q; .lensr,-t . ''

'iBeamix.rr-::teppei

'h

7't'

Shield .lt":f'

Pump Set

vbit

"•

-,l : Ats/ i!'

Dlff.PkxMp ,

'/i '' , 4

C. Magnetny

NT

,l."t.,,. "t tt(,.

:.:t4 .

Beam getoaipnper

PuiSe•r

,

Shie)d.

' '- 'di s i ...,.

" t.t.

s' L

ll•-

' ' '" 1 .4 pt .tl .;t ''t' t L"e' ip " -...

t

I

,t

l

eapa'

ulser

BeamSlit.

BeamSlit

;.

g

r

1

s

Analyzer M4 gne Y.

s

:.r• 7ì' i -J-., i, . .: ";'z ;tr eL, ' - /-' J,-,.'Ii','''"/•: tt .ttr .t !tt .t ""Lv. t. /,' Xl' '/' t""1/, .' .'"J' ''.

.- "'' i t t// .. t tt tt v .' ;-•.

h,..b, -

''g "c'i t' '/

,, T... ... ' i"ttY- ,.I '•/.t-.•11 't.

pt-lt .'' -' :..N., r t-'' '.', .. .• s' .ti .. -..

.t ttt/ - .:a '

.- ';'4['"i'•" '` iL.l #1 ,. '+. I;E'•'l Lt. .i:i tt•;l..:; '' :tli

'

'

t ,l, ., - k."st

.. ".t.

" 'zat t}IT t "t' tlt.

.t,L:. t.. tt le/ .f

L, : .,, '.s •ts-

.

.t #.

"-- -.

;' t"

1

Ineidept beam

Fig. t".

tit tts /ttt t

' •C-2 • ' tt. tt.t

.-I t .' ','i.e .l lNJ•""",i.L',ic-''.' ': Si:

lt .t '"' '. ,r •J'lt.. '•- lie V"'-, . . ., i,•,tl., ... t. /"... t.. ,r ,,. .u'" ":Jl.", ' r, ..' '' '•'• "' •" , .e/: i ..,,;'1. 'ltt..,/.-.,/7 . -/2..'

' .Xarge,S. Uel.d.er, .J'i'•'

'f ' -- --t. • •LL ,. ''''t tt t.., ,,M. - L- -. .., .. i,t ,' :;.:. t./

'.tt r 't -e• •' •tt t aj ' t tt tt/ t- vtt '-

t) .-t t itt

/. ,pt.- ae ,, .-•.-•.• ., .t ..,. t't "' ' t' --'. t .tt. ' -L. . /'. •'. If-: t- .tt. ,.. t t. :L t t;t t' , /r l• -l tttt .t ttt . '. t?. ',r, = " ,,l ' '.t t" t. .; ' 'i "" '' /t ,'l. -. tl tt.t -g,• :

-? -

,.-•

"

•if

'.t d,.

l

•3x

< l•

F,

eoeUngrr-- 1iflffl;:• ter

. 'lv", -'V

,, •.. •. •l;' .,

';tt'.'.:rT'!e-S"',

f:s•i'

(Ta erBaeking

cu•)

Tar et-.

•--

pm-.Ji.me.'` es"'.i#stilll,$'tri',",'.S:g`"l'S'-::s,t'..;:#'.--.?ly,..tw"G.iiil,,,,l,S.ptl"

-

1; te '

';.". .tx

!g v-7

'

Re co il NucLti

i"ll

t""ttl"S l Niti" ' .k,/-rli IO • .s.'

f

:'t'

RecoiXColUraater

x ,Nt

'o30

-1 ;

/

s,•

?-tt (

.:-L.-;A"..

'

"co

1 lncident

Beam'x '

. /f ....'/-'/:

7k///

/

Shield<Pb)

RecoilCollimator

T.-.-t-rg-et

CoincidenceCouple ofSi(Li) Detectors -----7--

7.t;7Z

A

" '

Å~•

Å~

7/

1' 'et :t:.:

.x l[i-'t

.

<'.tr>•)

i /,,

4

LT-a-rget

.r ,' t ' V f

Holder

RF Coil

Recoil Stopper

Si(Li)ILuDqetegtO!zLt

'

Ho

Fig. 6-3A Target chamber

t'

s'

c

lt

'' f'yig•.

tt6--3s - Targe t

'

Chirmber "'-- , 1,, ..t S.

-b.-"t-

.-

). -". -'rtL'`' ?-1•

/4

,:1/,/- . t. '"11•i .,

,•-• , -.'•• ..,,f... 7,• .'• ,.. '• •, ., f-•:1' •.".• .'r, '•e,':,,'t

-/ .. :'1,y , ,, s . :,t/.vft.e, ' '•'iratL'''. '.r• .....•.i..

".v.' - ,=t t'tlt ' '' ''

t-' ''l "' ,; i, ' '', ". '",.-'/.. ,'-'"C' ./'' , '', . i,fli,i.'-pa,..M'b'c"k,'i'1.,,,y.,ti. .,,.

t ./. ' ,,, ""'t,s(siigield) ''1'11;li"i'

; - g. •, 't ' "t '''t"; '' ' t- t-. ... - '..Lri r' ' '' ("- a. . .:'/ 'i:,. ... S,"} 11 ' '"li' ,.:•:.'.1//L'tt'.i,''/''1. :,/',.'`' js•' ..tt, •

'' s 'i "•'.' Åëa ;. '.,•/.-il•/ i"ttd';'

-..

•r ;.. .-'•F /L, J X: ,/T-El,i , ..;foSL'

..l,tlt , ..- t. tt t- ,, -1• ,, •, -- t tt tt ' t s. .t t.-,,. v.s. .' ..y . • ,:. , lt tf..: ..u,/ ,1 .ti, 1. ,, ''- .

.- .Bqedi- ,:x '-

' ' .tl ; .. ' .-t ,.-. tt tt TT/t '

x -

/). ",.tt /t . .t.x ttt ,.". ..ke ..- ,. ,,' ltll'' -1 1, ., .. :

.- •11 .. ,, " ,i'-

.StJnb6e '.

•t.tl:!!it,.nSl!s2!!naY

",•for

"a"

-' ;" 1.7,tt''lt;'-V' .•,,.

{-- tA.t t

11- '- '-''-j

" 'tf •"

/, rg'C '

y.•tskg

iS',",.eq.$j

, t-. // ,.

.. . " .. - . FF;'

) if-

t1,f CQ•i

1'-GtY:' •t i

t. S";

•h

1

".-hO

'

Tncident Beam

Z7t.

' "

vx..-. -, .. -"f' h"t.'-r1,.•.-

N

'

.'--. •----

7--"=f!''

'

'-.tg'.t ,.-,'ttt'tt.t

t'

-t t-' t;'Jt'

-xt•,.,tt.ttt"tt1t''t';tttt

z-"e,-

ir''.' ,.r"t..

-.,- 1

:-a.T.

.J.

.t.

sto,,),1'•.'t''-tttt

."-

il]"i"'s""."f.z'?.'e"•tC/t. Jt-

;-:I-

tt

1Åí':•ll;."#r,'fti•lttt"i•.e"'

Targetolder

r[t'

:t.

Holder,'Z'idi51;ù-ie',

:-v•'t'''

..:z/"'L'..

/1..-t..-.t-...t.t-tt/t

tt

'i

,iji..t•v.•

'e"H'

Utt.t/t''/t

'-t

,['`';'V''ttl,,-:.+/l.1;1.",t/.;.;4t,J':':"-'''''t!'''tl.•-'-l•t..-.-ttte4'tt-..''Recoil

,-i

ttt

:g.?e.,-"B,1(?.qts"'.i ''J'tZ4.tttit-'1tr

d.-tt--.'

itt1-Tf'

''

ksgr.'

x-3':'t..'''

i•i :l','t/g-:t

..ti•:,-,, :,.1...,- 1,,•E;l,I`

.. s.."g l,r,v,';.t.t

tt

'lf

t.'•{}g{i!i3rihatnJr fQrt Particlet"tt''''i`tt.-

.K, "`' '" k3 tt Cl' .' e

's:lv , ry, } v 1.i 't't/Lit.

th t

tv "•1'

y •'s

Lli .et

'x

tbT-'

f`

t-.

Fig. 6-4

1

O•5hy2

.N:o'

.o'eoc

o

MeV

.--m--. --"t--p

t2IS

B(d,p)B' Ed a 1e 43 MeV

Recoil angIe (l!,t cL.s.) O.IOO

-50-f

elr

).x

N

A ii X"' 1

lr. N

I"1.'

). r', T -)l./ s;e bu 's' f'flp

' ls2:•-

J .$•2',Z

iFi.ti! ths

3 yN" -i 1 "o* e

t

F"a.6-S -

teB (3H., n) l2Nt

' tt Ee tie}F 3)* MeV .

sr.rO (L•Si'2.

1

'elo ko 3v pa -

'S}-

Si(Li)DBteDBtectors

=l'I;llilllllli2=.&':i:ie11

IV6

.

Ejg. 6-6 Couples of Si(M) detectors.

- 52 '

"Åë

c=v=oLÅë

am

."..

==oo

l5oo

10oo

ooo

b

e ' o StB(d,p)t2B Reactlon eee

e Singtes spectrum

O Coincidence speGtrum

. Detector : Si(Li) ' ' '

e eeeoe e eqo ee", o co tc e ee o ooh eO % e ee ,. Oo "Se , eeeeo Ocp eeeeee,,6,i,,.s..ooOO - abepoo.,,,.tl!llXii:/;:::::e::":::.

pig• 6-7

O IO 20 50 40 50 60 70 CHANNEL NUMBER

?ulse-height distribution oÅí the Si(Li) detectorsignaLs in the off-beam periods by the '11B(d,p)12B

reaction. ' ' '

tt '

-55- , '

l,s.1

'(oc

ez-NzDoo

So4

idi

s8

etPe ee eel

o

e

e

BEAM ON

e

'b (d,p)Sb

ooUNT1NG..-.uauaUuaua2uaL....m".n.

20ms

o 20 co 60 80 IOo MsT1ME

Fig• 6"S TypicaL time spectrm oÅí the 6 counting byliB(d,p)i2B reaction. -The noTTnaL counting

scheme for the asymmetry rneasurements are

by hatehed areas.

the

timeshown

-M-

. te?ct

ezig ie8

e

ee

eeeee ee

BEAM

e

.

ON eOUNTING

iOB(5He,n)t2N

/Ty2=11 ms

ee

elZZZZZZZanEZZuaZuaL--.in

ee

o 10 20 30 T1ME

40 50 60 ms

Pige 6-9 'Typical kime10B(5He,n)laN

spectrun of

reaction.

the B counting by the

-55-

,twe

5S•s

$p

4o

20

o

"/""""Å~?)o/"'

"xo / - "/""/ . 1]B(d,p)12B

-.-.......-.)L Ed

•e

Observed AsynLretry

P-ray Yield

' ,Svvt MeV

2•{o2

l6L

ol• B, Ie4 1.S l•6

o o co

.<K

s' iEi`

Ggv

---.

v:t

$t

1

Fig. 6-10 Energy spectra:t

yield by the case of (50 + 5) degrees. .

of the recoil' polarization and l]B(d,p)12B reaetion. Recoil

the

angle

P particle

was 0=

-56-

t

u"'

40

tua

st -

't-I

ascto -

S 20olit

8gx•c

1o

-XZ4"

••••--••----•--•

ococo

.<=xen

Pst

5oo

(l) As2ttmntaitEt{iCa.a-utes.

" F-N VleeeL

Fig.

2.6

6-11 Energy the case of

degrees.

5.0 5.4 " E(3He)specta of the recoU polarization and the lqB(3He,n)l2N reaction. The recoil angle

particle

was =(50

5.8 MeV

yield by+ 5)

4

2

o

vrl•o

•H'hats-,

1

a-m>•Hpal

deroc

1

.b

-.

t/ Fig. 6-•l2. Recoi1 stopper and its holder

x -be.pt..

'"

1Helder Stopper

,

'

s

Fig. 6-13 rf coi! and recoil stopper

rf cou Homogeneeus

Piagnetic )'ield

----

-r -

:

Recoii

--=:-:.- . --x'` "

, Recoii Particle

Stopper

Ineident ht t.vE!ptY:-'--- ,

Target

Partic1e

-58-

•. /F• -- t

vo

3ngt?

e•

.Saw 'Tooth Wave

'

mo'

Ov=•+--

-QE(s.l

t

ms/sectien

I)etected

of an rf

(AVNIoo

beviation

Fhrequency

kHz )

Fig. 6-14A

Kiequency

detected by a

iation meter.

f20 ms/ section '

modulation was

carrier dev-

t

•-J..•

rf on off on Fig. 6-14B Tiae s'pectrum of the rf

a!nplitude detected at the

head of the rf coil.

li''

•//-,- ,

' ' ''ts'''•'L•i•/i';'(l':' '

'

i .t ' tt

., ?i/

.y'

i

o

= vù

., r >t

v -ti----n) ,.

o ,,Eio

(-•

y'ig. 6--15

was th

20 '

olo

,

,: :-,

' -t '.1•. '•i•il,

,

"rt'"t

'd

i2B in Pt

'ttl

AV =I3 kHz

tt ' t /tt t tt ' ' ' '" i' ' ,"X6 ''• 'Artli:li2pai[R"ll'litt•tru!nil[ili[i:IIIi]II[II[I!:iiibiitlli'ii2/iilliliiiiiiillld9yijis"•gfthe

frequency moduiated rf field. 'ehe observed width of the speetrum

rnainly due to tne modulation widtntijU, becuuse the natural wid-- 12 efthe rescmance by the case of B implanted in Pt. was as

narrow astvt2.4 kHztFwHM). - ' -60-

Å~N.

5

'sL

t

aH.I

L"

oR

•g

,e

ts>N

E..>N

1

""

30

20

IO

Ab =33 kHz

e

i/

-

12B in Pt

l

,--,`("---"Å~"-ts,"L

--h"b ( bo = 6.753 MHz)

"L

Fig. 6-16 An NrV[R spectmm frequency modulated

for a sharprf field.

resonance by use of the

t

aNt

,

oxo

.-c

pt o'c o=U >.,"

..

EE`; ""`'

(1

30

20

10

"

Ab=95 kH

t

,

,

'2 B in Pt

,

L-a-Lts-".L-"m---lOO o

b ( bo= 6.75

)-Ro56ò

MHz)

kHz"----"6-t 2oot

Fige 6-17 Ari DIMR spectrum

frequency modulated

for a sharp

rf field.

resonance by use of the

t

au1

Si(Li)

DETECTOR AMntIFIER SHAPERDISCRIMINATOR

ROUTNIVG

()h

SCALER

UPPERPA. L.A. z.s.

,"'--'c, G. t

PA. L.A. z.s. UonINCtDENTTARGETBEAM

-"

:'

-.. .- ..ny- -

rfcolL

RECOILSTOPPER

U•off-- .-

•-'

N.L.

k-.

DATAPROCES-SOR

:I:

L.on!BEAM RA. LA. z.s.

c. G. L,offSTOPPERU)EFLECTOR P.A. LA. z.s. .J

'@'v•

LOWER

:::::

@

:6

-BEAMPULSER

rf

AMP, @ PROG.

TlMERRouIT.

CONX.-.

CONT.'

'

:::t

ylii•igrf

wI:rfGATE rfosc.

CONTROL$IGNALSH43tSli'1i311 t/;/;A

el i"' c- i.'A-Dv-."1 SAWTOOTHWAVE

ADClll

o@@@@

ITIMEPHAiANALY.MODEIMooE

l

CLOCKosc. 'ntDATA

ptCONTROL

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'Fig. 6-18 Block diagr'am of the data accumuletion system together with its

control. The rf field was periodically excited in the rf coil,and the

signais from the P particle detectors were automatically distributed

$nhetOs$ete:e::gegui]601 ;i:ggi:;SaC;;gglSillltlliignd:gtl.2e;.?e ff on.and off. periods.

: ,eq

l

11

hi,

i

`•' i.

I

`]

ts-

'Mg. 6-19 z [eypicall)C-psrametar curve

pta

ap

ao

o

,2 B 'va

Zla= ss.s t i6

KHz

-•-•-.•--d•••.-"NW--•-.•••"

ei ---e deP

'

:

'ZvBi

kHz

60 ro --"bUa

leo l20

-64-

- --• :• -•-za-ge-• tt ' ' l ' ' ' ' ' ' ' -t t ' ' t7 Ebeperinental Rk}Bult' ' ' ' ' ' 'a) Experiment on fce Metals ' '.' .t 1aj.pectations on the probable sites in the recoil:implantation techniqua uere

ttconfirilNBd on examimatien c"f the widths and the line shapes ef the NMR spectre • '

' /tt ttt t/observed by using tbe samples of fcc netals. , ' fi!1}e rf intensity dependenees of the N)ER 1ine width were observed by using Pt

foil of vN.502tm. Tbe observved typical spectra are shown in Pig. 7•-1. The experi-

mental half•width at half maa[imum (HIAIH)1) of each speetrum was cibtained by fitting

Itorenzian cur'veB to the data. rhe width was widened as the rf intensity vas inereased.

( See Fig. 7-2 ). The widths obser'ved ect the rf intensity below tvO.5 G were aimest

' 'eonstant and were.,vl.2 klls. ' ' The NMR line widthe were ermined by use of Pt, Cu, Au, and Al metals. Constd- .,

12 •ering the above mentioned experiment on B in Pt, the rf field intensity was ee- . -tlected to be Hl.vO.5 G. Among the samples Cu, and Au metals nrust be annealed to ob-

serve sharp line widtbs cemparable to the caiculated dipolar broadening due to sur-

rcJtn}ding nuelear magnetie moinents of the host ele!rients. g!hey were amealed by heat-

ing in high vacuziut ( .N.lo6 gmulg ). ff!he observed N)ER spectra tme -shova .i, 4 ng.7-3 snd

7-4. Per coeparison of the line shapss and widths,they are drawn.da the ee'i ter fre- tt 'qqencies coincide with each other, The spectra shomld be fitted to the curves ealcu--

Japa, d by Squation 3•-11 by assuming the rf intensity and reliilLation tine Tl. Por the ' ,sa)ce of simplicity, however, the pure Lorensian or Gaussian curves were fitbed to the ' tty.ta,.' .she,.;ogl,pmafs'x,"',e..shol.ma":ik';iggl.lu:a.k'lil'is.sha,,,'.M,elc,:pt.,fkr,,

tt tto the data within the experkental errors. rhSs shows that" tl}e resuttbu' t line shaps

to;•Jtie. eq.cruisted by iquatica 3'-.ilkari be veu .apprcp(ips, ted by the imnzian eatrd vithin

' 'the experixzaental errare. Tlve IIWHPI crf the deta are ehewn in Table 7-b2. ' !!!heti a'ee . '

all a fey lfg.t/!.,and are eoF?arable to the ealcUlated dipolar breedening dwe to tbe sur.

-t, -:

. t-t. t ' ' tt t tt '• '' 1• ." ••••.)'d:,/,';I ',./1..;/"'..'

..II',,,•,s•;l,•,.i'.".i. .:./9'iL,I.:.v• ,S' ''- -•.:t,L,/-',1;••.-••,.I-i/L,.J: ,.••1.,'l ........••

-

" ' ''. ' .• "'"' •' . '-""' '.'•"• .• • , . z• ••1"• . .1't• ./..1, -'''";1//.11'/ '•t/'7-3/,zi.

tt.t t- /t t. . p..., 1: s;• '.,1 t. t /tt /i tt.tt t/ tt tt 'tt

tttt .l..reunding nueleetr magnetic moments. Apmtry ehAhges of p--dseay, pf tiioGin than 2Qs .

witSre observed,at resananee con(litions in an cases by means dr ' itie iti ,'' isijL'6ppt, ai'i ''ii'S,,,

tions (H,No.s G for 12B, anlPi'vl.e fer 12N respeetiveiy). Aniong the tee metals, iu 'L

.t metai was the most suitable implentatian medium in whieh .v30% of asymtrY ehapaFP/, ' /,ll

:.&bse.,rvgd,a,.N.iil.ne,iY6jl:d,Il.:".O.l.ha.XPwa?.//'.;h,e•,I1111!il•th"':S.i'iY/."e,il'Iitilb'.i'

' may be expected by the fixed rf eonditions. By the athet uetalse the asptry ehariepee

' eoinparable to the Al cases were also observed. Abave resuits an the line width and '

the !IMR•intensity confirmed the expectations that the tbe recoil stoppers were not

damadged by t)e reeoil implantation and by the radiatians which aecompanied to the

rsuelear reaction, that the reeoii stoppers of 99.9 % were guffieient for the• lnresent

expsrin)ent, and that tlib reeeil elenents sat at sites where any eleetric tield {pm"

l• dient did not act.. Thus the sites must be the eenter of the tetrahedral <A) or

t Qetahedral <B) gurrounding of the rtearest neighbours as expeeted in ehapter 5 e) i). • G -.•;1/- -' ' IPhs rf;,tleld-intensity dependences of the asymtry changes were observed 'experimentally by euamining 1?B in Pt spaetra obtained by ustng both the modulated

'atrd norl.aK)duleted rf--tield.. And the suitable conditions of rf-iuagnetic}-fieid inben-

sibyswerefebtained.' (See Figt7-E5) ' • , ' ' ' ' ' //-b) IixpsriiENgnt on bec hebeis

i) i2B in bee teetals ' ' /- 'i' The mp.,;spectre of ]2B tipJanted in niioue b6dy-centered-cubie (bee) u)etals

Were oPt7grveda The mBtals used vere fa, 1,l$,,r )S.o. ,r,f!ig W. . Their psrities vere all

. , ... el ?taj:,le...dft:mXobe Seiko 9,ginpsmy• ' '' t. tt t t" T., t .ny t'' '/] ,li ", . J /t. tt tt tt tt ' ' .t . ' ' 'T '

, , .h. 66 -- ' ' ' ttt.J /t ', ,' .,,t .. C' ' . .. . .;'1, t. 1, T t. ," t;'' '; ''" ' '/'t :'" 1'tl /' 11' "-' "":' t' ' '' '1]''

.'- ' •, '- .' x /. x' - ' ./ ' tt • ' N. -i ', s. aboVe 99.9 SSo S!he thickzress were a fev tens 1ipa. They were &11 armealed by heat-

' ing in high vacumu (Jvlo-6 rrmHg ). {m)e eondittms of the treatnents are shoxu ip ..j

k9bs' ieb;• 'Scu'itatrtl:'eicnth8an::tlll2..:iing their sa{tace,s were etepe// off s fewAm in th}.ekr, ,..j,

' .- ' . ' Mhe muclear polarisationseomparable to that observed by'uce of tke fec metak

' ' vere preserved in the bee meta}s. The asy!metry elsangee whieh vere Tedooed fros} ' • -, the analyses f)f the speetra ,whieh were observed by meane of the wide rf-modulatton t. ' ' were c(msistent to that observed by use of fec raetals. • • , The Nxx spactrel vere ebtained by scaxming the magnetic field. Tne homqgeneeus X

magnetie field intensity ves about 8.8 kG. The rf inteasity arid the tvinipg eondi.

t;t , tiene af tbe res{Npance amplifier for the rf tield were Åíixed diutng a .tus ef exp. • - ,,,,•,

' ttt eriment. The oenter frequency of the moduiated rf field was 6.753 Miiz. Then tbe ,,. 'Et

skin depth ef eaeh seetal eeuld be ealeulated to be sbopt 60Am wliteh wNB ,tar' (ioep-- -

er than the recoil re"ees, Thus the variation of the rt msgnetic fieid vithin tpe.,.

recoil muige was very sma11. The rf fieid intensity was so deterained thit the ' ' matry chaage may be satulabed but not too strong •in NNR experiment aii 12B in' ,• .,, ttt t . ' "N stoppe,r, (••1ltig. 7-!5 >. ' .'' • Yor eech sample, tvo or three independent NMR spsetra vere obtair}ed by usixus

the rf tield vith different ranges of freqiM)ncy modulation. At first rough spectrm ' ,, was ebgerved, by a v.jde rt nodulati6n. Peiiewing experiments,.pr"ecise line'', 1,-"

t -t tinss)ee vere emuned by narrewer rf muigticms. ebep the speetre tiere ,, '

' tt l. .,.. .indepenAlepta"r tmalyneq by taking the quantitieb Nlabea to the quadrung,",.• , "'

'i•e,. i . '1' ,. inS.9"`)`SSiop; ;tiMP g.ott,p.iing gonstantZ!d5, the aqymNptrry,. of ,the eleetrte,,tiela guadnmt

,,,,•:itillits:l"lrxx:iglli`y,.lg"Ili:lliingi;ioi:rt:Fl.••,a•l:,ii,tchtt..a.".sil'li,esyllile,,.d",.ut,bw,,.ìan'

, . •d`POi:.b,:.1:::l:he,.$r,,,ie,"ll9.I;8Xewk':,lli!X9`hR"'ef`7.eEil..I,Y.ieS,,. .

tt . .t .+ .1 tt ttt t .;t .t .t ttt tt t tt.. t/ .. '••teq.i, • ,•:• -67- •• ' ,. •''. ..,.. •. .• ; t/t t .t tt.lt tt lt ' . .., ' .'.,- /-1' .:/.,I ;t/. . •, .•:''.' .,.,/;.,,; ,. ,..- .- .• ,1. .,. '•-.,./, '.' ., ,,; 'I ••ve- ''; 1,' l, / 1' •,• ''i,' ;1 ///,, ,l,.,r 'J: 1, ,.. 'i if• 'l /i ,f, ,. rl-,;l )/•/i/, .

t lsJ ,ts

1.-•

tl /t' /t -t

].

-v

r- k '•

t't '

I-=.

' ',were tetbled in Table 7-6. , x Ta ease ' ' T}re NMR sik)otra vere obtainect by tihe Qgses the xange (}f the freguerrey modula•-

tt ' ' ' tiua mp.. 33 kHz and 15 kHz. Thfiiy.aTe shown in F"tg. 7.6. •' in epeBtra show eiear

.pat ig." of quadrupole interaatien. .A tmali asymupetry of tbo eleetric field gradi-

'ent er i5 % of.eoupling-constant distribetion is necessary to obtain the best fittea

cdrye as shewn in ESg.7-7, Eig.7.16A,and B. Tbe eurves vere fitted tQ respeetive

spee,trs, and the'values ueed to obtainL the best fit axe chown in Table 7--4A, and B.

fEhe valms obtained for each sample are averaged and iisted in rable 7-6. Finally

't ",,.the.reults by th(? ex.treme assumpti(mfis are

tt' tt Tt ,Z61: (,2ce t IO ) itiiz ,(,6t re ( 204 t i3 ) kH3

' tz i'p.12to.ls or 4C4t=(50 t'30)tas, . tt csil,liLs!!Q,,t 2so ,!n spite ef the independent aBsumptions i.e., (2E O,411t; O ), <t-O.4Zdl,ltO ), and

(2ap,4Zgtip ), the eoupling c(ms'pttantg are imsensitive to these asm2mptions.

t'h case ' ,.t The ealeulated dipoiar broadeniAg ( s(luare root of the second momept) is 5.5

kHz. Ari rf field vhieh had a relatively narrow modulation runge was necessary to

observe aciear pattern. The spectma obtaSned by uee oftL(}rc 75 k}lz. 13 kHz, and O

}s\z me shewn in Fig. 7-8,reig. 7•-l6A, and B. The fiependences ef' ttae NIER intitisit?Les

' ' ' 'ef the irpeetra,,to the- moctnlation rangesare clear;Jr observed" 1!he epeetrq, are rela-

•tlyelJr ptq"!. iipg due to tbe yide dipeiar vidSh eeqpgF. ed with tbe eoupiiriit eenstant,

f' t' r9,;',Nlco. IcHl., ta field 'grgdtsnt asymutry 2, a"'d(ighave.,large error,it, to say ,, •

:elsl pa•',,ng.,,:it/.l IIgt, i//l9 IIX'";t. `heY are eertainiy a finite.vyues.,,wiskin tbe.vmo...

.t t tt ' .t ' ' ' The'sp66' 11.,. 'mp. esrbd by use ef the rÅí f,iel(ls with`Se-,.,g,f5. •6 /k,Ez.. ,.54/L.O• t"' !md

' tt tttt.tlt t. t . ttt . t / t/ ttt t t. -. ' , ./ , i-, L; ,t. wh -,., ,1 ,' , ,../t, ' '' .. t tt4. t "'i//;i:/IJilJ;,/', ' •i'/.t//,I ,,, 'i .,,/ .1..' ," L -, ' ' •'1/.1,/.,.f. Il..,,.,•,,nr, ]•-•//,i.'l, "litt.."'-i: ;;ll,i,,.,,..t' /i,.,,i,i.//;I,, '';i.•i,3,,,/•;1•,l,ii,111;. /,;jlill,,,,,/L,,//1',,,,1;.,.1'li ••,i, 1

, tt tt 'i'-. s '',S '/''' ..• rt • :,.,., ,, -. .t.,t. )/-

'

' t tt 9Q kfis are shown in Pig. 7-9A"-.IEq,16A.;•and B. ' The, center pea}tz of the spaetrum abown

in the bottom of the figure is abnormally high eompared with the two pea}:s at the

shouldere of the speetrum. Onq may underetecd it as the result of high,2 value or '"

wide spread et the ecrupiihg eenstimt. This phenomen6n is not yet eieaffy - ttr';';"un- '

derstood. To (ibtain the best fitSed curvves in each aesurgption, i.e., a\O er4Z6ptO, '-t

fairly large values must be used as sheni in labie 7-4A, and B.' The peake at the

shouldex:s are rat}ier !,re., 1.1 ,Tepreduced by e fitting with J2S) andAZ2a'inO <See Fig.

7-9B-). But in this treasndht ths center pealt'is eampletely crut of fit. , '1 '

' , . The speetra obtuned by uBing an rf tieid with4U:94.8 kHs and 48.5 kHz a2re ,,

' sliowp in Eig. 7-10. rn this ease , reiatrvely 1arge eaupling ccmstants are obeer.-E ./,{,

' ved as shaim Table 7-4A, and B. rn the course of tbe data fittiipg reletively large

asyimnetry and distribution ef the eoupling cerustant are necessary to Obtun tu

best fitted eur'ves in each asanption. • ' ' ' ' suimEiny of i2B exparinent ' ' '- ' , In each (lata anfilysig , a'set 6f lev.ei poinilations was obtein' ed. in' reti6' , 1"

ttt TOi.èklg.Oll:C'6pail,ti,s"s",11iii:,:-:n:e,e;S;:,/e...:,in:,ag.re\.!{"ttW`:M,.t.r,:X.Y".:,Y'r"1,"V"l,Fs"

, vhere the signtcenes ftan the si.tuation that tbe sign ef'Uae(uld not be deter.

mined in tha present neth. odt beee"se f';} the tve peales at the spectrum ccmld not ',

t' be identified to os'ik Fransstien ef,the rei6ted }eyp, as. ha .tw. i'2s i'iili,,y'prtslEpe!"'

2-ntthe.,obf3f•tt.p::;s,a;;;r/,?-,:",s,,,Pmr.,"i6f,."'""reel"llllYf'"/t/lt`-:,Y..,['i."7'••'i,.bl i

tt ' T. I- -- ' tt t tt ,. .,• .''.7,,•.' '•••r,•.' i,11',,•//'),1-1i.,',,:'[/I,,1 1,, i'9? i}''.'..'s.'.,-i,' //J-,L//i,'iii/ ,,,,.''',,t'Jli/11,1///il'{;i//,.i,iilill/i/illl/i'i/i,.,.,l,:11111/s/llli/•l'/'[i•11111111i/'1•l,11i'11111'il•1'/1/i',l/:•,ti;i/:• i;i,i'ij/iii.iri•.,,,,,

.!

'•-,,••;///,4 ,•, /•,-il/ ''• ../ '.1' "..'/illf''"••,.Ji. .,,,-. ii'. i,.,1iilli,.' •1iil,''ll•,;"'.,'"ii"", i

, fi #• ...;,. ' - ,. ,,, /• ." 1.• ." N:.:,i',.. . --, ,, / t/t tt ' ''' ''/ '1' 'IE ';' ' : . ' ''"" t'- t.r.- .. S" . . .t.

•J , ., ,. .., ,, ,. ,, /. . I/.• 's ""'' where Nt firare tbe pm-tum of' tni inciop, nt•.ap. ,g. ttp .,outaeaj.F,, psrtie}est uptrp the `

k"iei;'ise:i:Oll.:':on.",S.aseq.kP:,,i":O;&-:,ll.1be,,,po.P"i",.;'`M.S,.%llUl:be..Y.//-:".",.,tuS'

/ .+ tt ' tttt Elystsmatie (ieviatians em found betvfDen t}ig data andS,IMbogepa cpp, pa, . ,in

re and ib e"ees. (Sbg, Pig'. ee A, "g. 7di, and 14"I,r 'r.7>. ..Mab eeparetien twtbe

, k/' ttt t t /.tt .t ci6s of the lert peak to tlye centsr pea]t are syate!BatSeaUy,ptder t)seii that of the'

t.t t/ tt t right poa)t. This ditscrepancies eouid be qualitativeiy veU identitied to the . •

tt snisotropic linight shift of .v5 kHz. Present sp5etra reguZt q' in 4-25 (V.3Z)1mp..be

t tt

;: ' ' ii) ]2N in bcc !eetnt , '' ' ' g' ' t// t . The nuclear polarization eomparable to that Gbtained by use ef tlve fce metals ta N in rea ut Nb vere vere aleo preserved in bee rnetais. A quaarti-pale resonanae (m

perfonned. The quality af k and )Ib samples were the same as that used for tbe

12p experinNent. mte'quadrupole frequencies vere tvlo6 Hs. Thus the modulaticm

' ' t t.tt ranges must be videned at leMt to N3oo k}ls. 'C(mgequently tbe tmpUtgde of the • .

' rf tield imist be inereaeed. Irlre neeessary agtplitude tor gufficient it trep,-itiut ' .,

tttt betveen the reiatsd levels could be estitnated by usipg tte equati(m 35-n.'Tn ease- i t! tt t t- tt the runge of the moduiation vas far vider than tbe dipolar vidth, ( L, ) in 3-ll `

' gonid be gpprOXiMailrd;OILbet?L tA-l"- (eT triHtZ> , . '' ''1' ''

' tt lncftreheas:dedUbi"tvfftonttt' o:tbeini:•::taS?:t"e..tiltlyS.t.bettarftiid..an.Pkttt"ede.feektbe',,". .,

pas-LU` on, i,,t 'tSN,e ' ' ''' •" IF' ttt ,tratusitions at eik!Sitmodnlation ratige rnay,. oecur. ,. ,. '•,, ,. .,, ." A uniterm anpi:ttud" fev an rf fieid,, is g.a,rmaie to the imeeenl 6Xpemapt

thr(xighout the modulation rsnge. he resmmce width of tlat" tanit cifuztt et tu

' rf oscillator and resanence amplifier vhich included the rf eoil lias 1b' be widenfrf.l,,.•,

.t /t . tt + /tttt . t t tt ••:"1 ' 1 tt . , ,, ,t- ,t.,, -1/ '. • ,,, -' 7o -. 1 '.. ,' . .,' 't.'.- •' ." ••.," ' , ,,.l ,. . ,/ , ', "i ...• :, a:.': ' . -- . , .,., ,, .t- ,.'l.. .it •'. ,.,. ... ".,,,,...l,'1/',,y.. ' '' .' .'•g,,,L..,..',,,,////., •"'.•,., - .i'/.•..il,.1' ,.,•.. ',):.-:,..,,,.Il•'J..l•'IS,/ti,i'fi!tt/••/-.••tll:,:.2'-

i { :

Å~ ' t' '/ ' '' i ' ' Consequently the power dissipation of the tank cireuit increaeed. The,..mdda.t.sk '"'

mo(ulati(m rEvtpt which was obtainabie in the pTNesent systdg} was 256 kE?,i,. ttaF, wae'

llou6 iiS {peO.ftlittin .Ut"ibNTI.ll. XiOnb 'l it:IO'!lti[he`'f.ih:s.f: :.E.zlii:l;, "/va". e wei} see'i in ..

' ' ' , ::i::pi.B.Yd,,t,.ip":CgS.BSithOfthi2.N.."t'.Y.Otll.Il,.d.W;dl::ll/rl:danruyPOi)6'i2..onbl.il:gp.celllllllat.."idsee."e.tds:oe"'..,,

tt ..t t tt ttt ttt 'p

' ' ' ttt The rangesef the frequeney moduiation vere 116 ldlz and 254 mb'. The spaetrei. .

in'' .shewn in Yig! 7"4, '}itg. 7•-17A, and B. The. data were also arialyasd by it8ing

the ls.t and 2nd order perturt}ation theory by neglecting the non untfemuN..szst"'ot"'thh'

rf magnetic field ntthin the modnlati(m range. Pinite values or JZ and/oi4(lllgrUsi'• '1.

be used in the data analyses. The results are tebled in Table 'il5'`'and 7.6. '•

' J/tt tt tt .t tt ' ' ' ' ... '.hM.)euaT:glpi:g?f7111sl,fll-il IAr?CY.,,"dOdBYi"tiO" 'Vere 95 }diZ ana 245, )diz• ,..Tbp.r.r peetrfi '

, ' ' ' ' ' Sumliery of bee experinent t/ ' ' . The quedrupole Åëompling eonstant of i2N in Nb and M are almost 5.vlO tians

iarger thmn that ot l2B in respective metais. As mueiesr quadrupoie moment ot i4B

,, J,,;ltidbellll I:illo : Il::nir6iOrY.eOinpairabie (See Chapter s.), tbe fieid gradients exe expacted

tiJ'" ,'iiii6,dP.:d:•:ure.",tg.p:.,,PrStiiillllS•;,//.M.Sgne.-dlii':lie•g;•1•lg,lkiS.';'ii/1.r.::r,Cij'lllVe//:,'l'l.I,;•!?.'7i/i'L/'11.,t/.I,.,

Tbe impianted nuclei in bcc ttiBtals were expeged to the crysmu1ine.intraTp,al .. '..,t"''},,/4/•i:•l•/t•::.gm,..rF.,Y'";nl/hgi,:,:pOt/ri'Ysilece"P:iO:iiee,l,lili.,g2:'#8dl9Bee,i.i.:i•,:,ll,.e-d,/i'?;1'lii7.,ll;iii..;.l'//.;7igit••'L,i]iL./,;•::••

r ''' /tt '' '/

If the sites vere subetitutional, any field gradient vuuld not be expected. This

' j fact together vith the slm'p N)fR epeatra .obtained by use of fcc metsls justify the . tt 1 expectations on the impianted sites of reeoiled light elerronts li)cD B' and N in the

' heavy hoet elements likks Ta, to be interetitial. ' .. ttt . ' c) Quadrupole Moieent of•]2B , -.' , ' The quadrvupoie speetra of 12B mplaribed in MB2' a,n. d ZrB; were ebsemed. Ikie

sarmples used in the experiirent vere powders of vhich stuaines were 5N50pra in dia- ' meter. A recoil stois!er was made by depositing a sample (.v1.s mt!legt2 ) op a thin

aiumtnum foil. A small an(xmt of sample vas mixed with aleohl, and vas deposited on

an Fluninum foil by means of a eentritugal separator. This stopper ve.t/ ais6 {i!.teched

to a framo made ot a copper 11ne . The resonanee line of l2B in slumirmn'beag•''S'ab •

l tf t.k-t' narrow as measured in the section a) that if the sample was peeled off frdm the sur- .

'tH . face ot the aiuminum,à sharp high resonanee lir}e vcruld be Qbservea..The expentMile

tal results are shown in Pig. 7-20 and Fig.7-21,

The borons in the saiEple mist reNve an anially-,eEy!mtric slectric field

gradient at each site, becauee a Jbaren in the esmple stts at the eenter of the

prisin forroed by tve parellel reguLar tryangles of tbe riearest met;al ions. Te get,

., however, the best fitbed theeNtical. curve, finite valMes of Z or/andiSCkmat )g tAlren

' ' tnto aceount, whieh irere mainly (hie to the crystaliiire dialocStions and the etrains..

Ttal -rples vere not annealed and tu surfeees vere. net etetve9 ofr. Mte eeeF.ing "

tt ' effeets by tbeee oauees tm the speetre1 shape shovedh.the mp tendencies as th(mi in :'

' t-t • Clzapter 4-e), (See ?ie., 4-6, ?, and 8), aird untqde assignme.nts, were' pt.-. possiblg .by.,.tive

-' t' .•e.",xeX.:l,e':.,."al,.op.cu',"e.:sdn'Y,r.su.'Ss,.6.b.tul:.g.b'.:.,ss,u"ingan,:2:t/:':li,,,,,,,.-.

' i'e' 3N8h5;,A,:, ,c6]9E,ge, ,;l:.:i:"i;. l.r, :s.l 'St.è,d.9i`rv9r, •. "hePda''tP CcuPlpa.•'., ..-

F , l. ,, '' ' ' .- . ' ' vt, . , -' .v .t ' /t . t- - tt. tt '. I . ., i :., / 1/ ., , .HtJt 'I ,, .'t .....,. t. I t i.t 1'' t tt • . , -. -- 72-' ' /•,1/1., :,,,,.- i t t t.t ttf' '' •. •' ".. x .'•'' 'j.• '' , '' ' '. , ',' .. •-' / L' ."'. '•.. '1' ,-t •'-illl l;' t,' ',.

eonstants of thB two cases of a sampie axe in agreess)ent ntthin the experiMentsl / ", errers. Mhe actual situatious em cwwd te have both the two causes. A6 st8ted

abome the tendeneies ef eaeh eauee are very similar so that tbe followtng assunpp

tion vas made to obtain finai regultg ; a haif value of that obtained in the exti.iNsme

'eases em effective. The resultB obtgj.ine9 by assuming 4Zte>((ui:= 35 % and 2 = O.3

im tabled in Table 7-8, and are also in agreenetit to the eoupling constants by the

extTeme casee. Present Tegulth on the twe causes ere qualitetively consistent Mrith

the results from X pay anaLyses ef the samples,

A ratio of thfi guadrltipele vidth of the both cases is equal to the ratio of

'tbe electric field gradient of the both sanples. It reduees to

, ' ,<la(i2B in zrBz)/,(,il<(12B. i'n reiBa)=o.32 Å}. o.os• .

This imist egTee with the ratio of the ceise of 11B. Sjta quadrupoie interactions o}"B

in the TiB2 and the ZrBa have been studied by A. H. silverl6). The quadrupoie

coupling constants which were measured by the usuat N)!R ln a high magnetic field

were eqQ =(s6os 2o)kHz for 11B in TiB,, and eqQ =(ns t lo)kHz for llB in zrBx .

'The ratio is

, eg'Q(iiB in zrB2 )/etQ'(ilB in ma2 )=O.32s t Oo(l53o

Their consistency within the errors strongiy supports tlte-eeepe?tdtiefrtttIHbebe-en

the substitution of the boron in the sample. E7Aenthe IemoiV7t ew,f)th3 taWt"Atrc"vtku"d

12 11 j The ratio of tbe quadrupele mogMants of B to B axe obtained by comparingthe knova coupling eonstants of ilB

. Q(veB)/ ti (1]B)(. o.42t O•oc• ' 'The quadrupole moment of iiB has been determined by the atontc beam Nethodi7).

m)e quadrupole moment of 11B is known by the atontc beeus nethod as •., ,V",

Q(11B)n +O.0355Å} o.ooo2 barns17)

without eerreetion from the aanfigurationeinteraction effects and the Sternheimr

Pel9'`zat'on(, T:P,,:ISO:"(,t?,;sa,i"Å}' sf."h,,e)q :;:::poie moment ofi2B is detennined.

' ' ' v- '

/t ' ' '

Ro,.,

' '

s-Åë cJ-)

giiS

iii)

-(iL)

EIElillb,

(1

30

20

IO

/"

'x

ti""

/" th

di/

IJ/Ves

"

l/

"A

•s

+k ii •

xv

+t

,"Å~"

s"k"N

,

12B

,•,'

,

in Pt

Ht'v2 G 1

O•5

O•25

?ig.

idillll"[-,mL,tsiiliiilgllllli"XNtgÅ~,,,,/,..,,,.,,,.ix

'5 - !<vl (,Ùe=6

7-1 The rf field intensity

The solid lines' ar'e the best

O-•7530 MHz)

'

dependences ef the N)gR

fitted Lorezian cur've

5 kHz

spoctra.

to the data.

-• 74 -

G?

Il

[------•-

Fta q-z

2

1

kHz

`r7fu MJ •im,JCe•,t,,byeCelpmeLc•n•c tl;-ti%c/

NM K 2,ibeCntL.

He'vO'5G rvl•OG ,

l2

Bin Pt

4U= O ,Uo=6'753 MHz

r- 2'O

orf lntensity(Volts)

200

Fig. 7-5

---fl-,i--

24

16

8

t6

8

o

24

16

8

o

50

20

10

gl

.}L .v

oxo

,.E

8sv`

gE

4t

r"- A "x ti ; -."ptLL-LveS>..">==+--.-

/"&i

,,,,,/"i'XN•xei,,,,., "i

,ZLI ( iZLIo = 6 •753 MHz)

1:I. "."; "tk "'

i 4k, '.T+

,l

1"--i bh ti t. ,i

•',X, 1• ,

;i/1 t;t llt tt/t tt

-:• 11.' .1' :" '

l''

i'' ' }':' x

te' '

' '`"t' : !-,-

'1'.f . ' .,r Z './tt t 'lf•1' 1s

Il' •,:'1'. tl c:1

'rl •

,.• ,r t "t e ' ,f -I '

-t,

Lt

fl

"s l.tt

tT

''

,11,Iii///k•iisi/;,/ai/'i,1/i::-c,i,./1.\:/:w:/•,2•/1,/:••//111•il•,11/ll.;'i/,.111i•i:,//kllli//1111/liili'l"11•,il,,.,l•,lll/111111•i,lilllililii/1111111111111I.llll/il,IVili/illill•i'I/ll`/l/,//i/i.illillilliirll'ili'i'"'`'-'.;-,,.

/ enc- eoytc re //.,f.fh eut "ttu ' `"'e' .S`pt\.'"S'/' abi"`S.2,,rl/Y. .,el,ill/ 9-i•Yls•/ ,ll't//'ll-,1;i`'1/if,"lr/•

t' "t v, y .J '' '' '' ',.ntL .v. ,. .,, , .. ., . ... , , .':..,,,. '''F'-gi,11'",'.,•t, f ). ' ., .- . 'ts. ';' '' t" ''if 't' .-. '''1 ' '• ', •: ',,'"' ' • ,'' "' '' . ../ , '1, 't "., J'[i', fi• .v'ki.iiiit.r,ft. : :":'i •-, '' 'V }'L

l. . ttt t' ' .t , '' ' t' 't ;'t .I ,.,. ,. -l. tt t tt ' ' --v', ", /t tt ' l ' ' ' .t tttt t 'i - • .' -v, • ,- .., E- , it. lit:". . t, ,t. I. .,,1 '''''. . . '7'"'": ''Tl'Li,'T/ '' ,I ',, '"S;..'1 '..'"',k.i'.•r./1.. -.rll !' '"f

iit.. ' . 1?' •, ' 1,.' '• -i{' 4t l'' ll • .• .' ,,, t"j :ts,lll• li'-.-. .1;ti••tr .,..:,

' ' t- .t a - '' •' ' • '''• • 1 --•:-, 1/.k.. ''" ,114'''L-',, '.,i. ,.•v,yl tl,. :

. .,L. . ., i• . ,. .f ' 'r- .: ,' .J' 1.4.' ,,..i'i i• ' ' ' , - 1.- ,t. ,,- ... ft. 3- v t' /,F. 't. .., /. t. . t- ts. ttt '

{,',,

1'i[,'i '''l1 . ',.';l' "' 11''1ii.l'lil'i/,ii:''1//1.l,"Jl'i]111'1.i"'' lililli"tii'' ''''

. ,. .. . ,. • • ,,1 •. ,, , .. ,,•, ,,, •' .II L,t!; ,•L '-1.' ,•i'.,;- '• 1, i, ,

t .i t. i' il''''' ' ''' J''' ' 'I 1'

'."

'1',1 i'''1' ''.1' 1i''i'I''i"''llli'ii,i[iljlll1,i,''11i]iiilllll/'1Ilill/'•'.,, ,

',,l1/--. -' . 1'il ' //'/' 'i l/,. ''[Il/"';i ' ':i'.. `";' i' ••.':','.i i' :.'1 i:li'/ll' ,/]i'i illll'1'11':,',,"illll;,.11"IJ•L'ii'ili"[11ii'rl'"i,i'11,•iii/1,)/11,11•1(."lii/?'lllllll"'11'l'lllll"'illllli/11i/il'1/ g',./''• ,/'! ;. ` ...

v

'tt

' 3o "e!,"Å~- i2N in Metal

-irL-"li'l!s=itxl(IL8-i-i/izi•" Å~•Xtx"xs""1"...i,,",.,,

liig,.,.,.,ll,,.//"'xK>Å~,.,Å~,Ii,lli,.u.,--...,-

'fige,-,,es.v,e-!s,g!S$I;liL;-, s(',"•' ,X'",-'"--,,l611t-tstkk2z

- ,(/ <,Uo=3'0785MHz)Pig 7-4

-78-

te'V.•1ecgV " 'V.r. y, " .' :Yi,' 'V S',. i"

' ,S'- Tj

r. '. ti t/t ttt - t, .t /. ts h'.. T,'t A, -c /' s'/ '/L4 alable 7-1.

t'

•trt '"' t't ' "t'' i'

-\

r

v'

.r,,. ' :. ' "t'' '

.t

• s. Vk

r

t"

.9N

-"

g

••

ile" ,,.'' Elenept."

fiost ,.: /t; .s. .'' fce ""'

' -.---.e".--..-..-in.--.

<Xt/xz1••

L;//e2,x z

L

;•

----pt i.42

F'

-. •a

.tt 4:. J, • :.

-

os

• Ap s.'.\e, . pt ttt;t t M

x,

6.4

'

O.76

O.46

4.oo

2el

,O.9

O.6

l,

Oe63

O.53

o.sx

O.9

O.8

k

t

ÌKZ ; The ntrtunnm value oflCiwith !,orensian cur've.

2(gi ; The mtunvn value of )Civith Gauasian curye.

ere analyzed by theTbEb data ,.in zzg.7-3, and 74lprengian end Gadeian curveS.

.1

1

N

i

't

,

tv

d

'ts

t

;l

.I

.t- -79-.L

t'tts/ t t"it tt tt lJ- tt

,

s

Table 7--2 Dipolar width in kilz

x' Host

tcc

Cli•

pt

Au

Al1= =:

bec -. M Mo

Ta

w

)2B ( lr . 1+ ) ]2N ( zrR ae i' )

site

AA

eaie'

J

BA caic , 7exp ( HwHpc ) site A

A caic BA eaie Bxp(pm)

5o2

O.52

O. 14

3.4

2.5

Oe41

O.11

2.7.

2o7 + Oe3 .ie4 + O. i4 -o.sg + o. o6 -2.7 +O.3'5 -

1.5

Oe24

la6

lo2

Oe19

1o5

2.0 + - 'O.40

sc- O.24

+ O. 07.

2.2 + O.3 g-e-

site C A eaic

DAcaic

cA caic D

Aeaic

5o5

Oo5i

1.9

6.4xlo-2

5.8

O.54

2.0

-26.7xlO

5.4 + -O.45

O.81

i.o t

O.7

+ 1.i-+ O.8- 2e8 3

2.5

O.25

Oe88

.Cbc1O

2o6

O.24

O.93'2 3.bciof2

5.5 +6v .

8+7 .

--a

t

f-'

Square root

T.be dipolar

1258 (i968)

of the

wi.dths

should

seeond mament.of 12)i in fec

be amendect by

metals vritten in

the present Table.

Jour. Phps. Sec. Japan a2

Tab1e 7-3 Annealing condition

Eleunnt (thiekness) Tempe ra ture Duration

Nb(1co m)

Mo( 50 m)

Ta( 50 m)

W< 5Q m)

e•.v 1(roO C

hv2000

.v1000

A, 2000

2 hours

O.5

On5

2-

-80M

,

pavt

Fig 7-5

12B in Pt

oR

30.E

og2V2O

.M':5

EEioe

1

6i/1"/"

/21pt'*

"e/""

H,,vO•5G

+

•- iG

b•4"

(bo

Ab= O

=t3

=

=34

"

kHz

=756•7 530 MHz )

o 50 loorf lntensity

150 200 V

erf-f"d intensity dependenees of the NMR effects.

oxo

.E

gg8s2ge1

8

6

4

2

o-

Abei----ttMtt

.i,tii•!1!'ii"ii

i2B iniiblKpt-l>,K

INIIix

i•pt

Ta

f

'

4

2

o

AbetiMi-1 ,--,+/i

tw/Y,-',/'

Fig.

,

ktt

--IOO' •O

)b (be =6.753 MHz)

'7-6 The ranges of the frequency modulation were 33

regpectively. The solid lines qre the best fitted curvesto the data b)} assumingVZ t O,ahd ZSI{LO. The

field was 'v8.8kG. '

.stl,,,Lm;k;",Hz

tlOO .

}c}lz, and 13 kllz

the ore tical

statie magnetic

- 82 •-

l

mWt

t2B in Ta

blo

.E 4mo

s8

b62EE>!.fi

.tt. t

4o/t

•- lOO

l•

,

-

/7X

:"NN..e-b '

Ab = l3

6l

kHz

,,,.i,ii

-J---L-pt- MptX-"-pt-L-a

-h-b

o

<bo = 6, 7550

rf in

MHz>

kHz-l--

!=t=-A-

a

Fig 7-7 The spectr'um showed at the bottom in S"ig.7-6 ÌSt. expanded. ' `rhis spectrum is not relatively smeared out, and can,be explained

by a sym.etric field gradient with no d!stribution.,;. . '

t

x .4.Wloo

2oi

ig,

ll'ie16,,si"k/AIIIiit"Nl""be

t

`'i'gEco

,`, " ,b,f,-o

.--

",i,,"ptfSi}N"X"-i

- b ( bo"6'?/53 M!'-lz)

The rarigesof the modulatioBkere ri'"/' ]<Hz, )•.'r

soiid lines are the best fitted theoretica) O,ub6it=.O . The magnetie field employed in the

-• 84 -

l2B in Nb

ci) (i",

Ab

"

. ' e

' ' '

,A7V

Fig. 76 The le4

klIz,

curves experiment

kHz

lOO

and O lcHz respectively.

to the data by ,assuming was1lileI8.8 kG.

20

lo

"LO-

a• 6

oXo 4 .E

o 922oO iit"`

6 E E z:-•

(41

--

7-9A" The

Ab

e

e e aj

ee

i2 B

e

,m

e

Mo

e"LL--k"-"":"""--e

t

{ +lilts1ItlC.ni-.)!)1/whm/9NN{

e

Fig.

l

li(ii

i•-"-•l

'

ei

--l:-i--i-

itttw'#I#9,Iil:liio'o-k"z.

' raiiges of the fritquency modulation were 95 ]cHz, 34 kHz, and- 25.6 ]kHz

respectively. The solid lines:4are the best fitted curve obtained by assuming

IZ.4Dt`3VQ=O. The magnetic 'fie)d employed in the experiment wastv8.s kG.

.. 85 --

K

e

6

4

-.-LL-

- -"-G iy+

",ii"Å~+XS"'

""

,g"'" "

Rig 7•-9B

,L-Ll:---L--

-l oo t

12B in Mo

The solid line is calculated by eis completAly neglected in these

o kHz

-="]"i!l','+5:--

assuming tZ=04<dt=O. The

conditions.

center peal[

- 86 -

oXo

.-c

g4 s

.`2

> ts o

E g4 8

12

o

Fig. 7•-iO • The ranges of

The soiid lines

magnetic field

--l

Ab

-i-

,

1"

I2 B jn

N"•yixf

xi

di-L--LL-L---L "

l.-.e/

i

il

ti

l.

Ab e+s,X,<l;:[-À'+NKw,-,kHz

-b ( bo=6•755 MHz) '

'

the frequency modulation were 95 ld{z, and 48.5 )CEIz respectively. are the best fitte(Il)urves caleulated b)oEssuuring J2 IFo,<Uc<=O. The

employed in the experiment wasN8.8 ]cG .

- 87 -

-9 -3 .z "t o t 2 3

,

" <H -Nb)/Ho ,va o/o

t"gg

l

to')'ì:•L

i!

g.stszo

{,

.NsijN 7b :4•

<4o

s-•

N

,

l

"ex------"/)/-

//

Fia nya3 tXN "s Al .

,ULa5,O77 M"E H. •-- 37. 6s z IVI ttE

l

oXo

.E

e

l2

8

4

o "

Abr-- =.----

.h/i

i2 N in

e---e

Ta

"

Å~ooco=vb'tisEEhco

(1

6

4

2

o

- Abvr---d-1 ,

its'`l:"iitiik;1;sx;l"lllllll)tiiii2og,.,o,,,.2,o,o#Nf"

/i/

?l iYis")

rwz600

Fig. 7-l4 e The ranges of the fixquency modulation

solid lines are the best fitted curves hetic field employed in the experiment

were 254 ]cHz,

calculated by

was.v8.8 icG.

. 89 --

and l16 ][Hz respectively. Theassuming j2af(?i4Y(-.O. The mag-

i2

8 oxo

.c- 4-'-""` i

AIZ/f-.-.-----b------

"/""

---a----•--L•---..-"-----..L--..---L.--.L--..-.`.-.ny.-."..-L--)l==,t

12N in Nb

"'NN`,ii.

Å~

o o c o ` o ,. 6 'liiii

EE 4 r-AZb4

ii;"

(2 o Zi--

y

Fig. 7-15

The ranges of the

pectiveiy. The solid IZ.tO <6--o• The

i//i'pt-ix,i

/

/ii

lxt

?N-{

?

'

fre quency

linesmagnetic

200 b(

were

field

oL---"d--ny-L'--'L--2oo'iisol-kHZ

b. =3`079MHz ) ' '

modulation were 254 kHz, and 95.3 ]cHz res- Åëhe best. fitted curves ealcuXated byhssuming

employed in the experirnent was.v8.8 ]cG. '

"

-- 90 -

I -. ,-

'i

f -"'-'

)'h.';'t

"-; 1

•-E ..

s

H'ost ''t j l:X812fons (Pi

49ktlz 7 D 'i3.0{,O, ,O,

34.0I,O, ,O'o

-Po

Quedrupole ilesonance

)/ (PoePl> ,z.

D

oi i2B '

lkealin mz

.-s

'7c%a,.No•

+,

Data

c

ti

lgo.

t' ltt

Ta2. tT+Z. L,;.

2.9;3. 1. "6.6+27; -"-

o.o4t.14 o.O.2 9. t. ;• 3, O.

25+.8 '18+.8 -

200201+11215-21O+28 bu

..-"

O.74O.7S1'.41,1

}k

2•8

2b

Nbo

1i.O

{{

(O O) (1.6)7ltO vEO 2•ti)t.7e6

o ••o 1.Et12-o.St.45

O.O1+.92 "

b.5+.7 .b•lsl .7

(91)1QOÅ}14

112+18 '

<2o.

o.

•s)-"7

49

} 21

26.

l iett'i,'i P

't ii,io

25.6 {FOo

i4.0 ' {sO

O 2.9so"o

O.95Å}.)1 O.5tl.o.7.•g+.2zs o.4+1. .-p -e

6

5

ttso

200+50 -180+JO .

- 2.6u1•J O.64 .•/

} 2g

Ta'

. i,s.s{,8

94.8 {"o

O .,D,.4 ."O -K sl l?pt.

t O eE .2 t;' 1

O.60+.2S --O . bb+ .-4, 4

-- ttl

Oe1ti5•3

2.0+5.5 -

400;• 24+5b -370+6o -

1.40.0,65Oe62

} . 17 /• . ta}

• g• •, . '"I:,i 's .. "" -H?

t ttt t -t tL.. .titt. t t-'• ' , 1 .•,.' tt t -; .. p-':,t .' , '" .-•.'- ;S,i'

: .-"'' i' "

yt," •

h-tLL 'tl t"3'' -' rt. . t /' sf ..ttr t l.' tt tt .1

". -}"i, '' ' eF

tt•#.[• , ,• 'tH ' '"i : '--

.e- '•' ..,-it"

-••1•

I:.1 .f••;,.•k,Åí,, ..;:-•'

'tt t-r' Tablc 7-'-A t.1 .t ' ' ':';i "'i t- . ./,. tl. -. : s. ..- , 1. . "t.t ttt f''' ' l 1 .. , t .t t. )/ tt t

,•r' ;,;, 'J ', ,',;,.,1 '''' .'

-t/ eT S 1'.',s- 4Tt L -'" ' tv/

' r..'ii •,s".' J}-di:l'ti'p):'Xt.- k,-.

. ,p:,vkor&vvheaspme. tt . 'to:ptemuaÅíee"!wnle. ' t- ''.ik.8.9(,..,,pa....,..'rtl,...,..-i-

- tj tt t tttttt "t tt tt l/-t lt tt t t jt t.t- tt tt 1:tt. t .-t -tt ttttt t.

t i,' .e - tt -.t , t. tt .,t tt t 't lt itt'ttt 't ' "' ''' ,,/ ,ll '.''" 'f ,, • ' ,'i, IL -- .1•,.,' ,. i, •; t-t // ttt /. t/t t'-,. -L' ttt tt t ti ttt t , ''+1. 1,L' '' 't• './ ., t .:./. ,. t,, . 11''.1.- T.t'=- -- -s "';-•t2•-: '1., •. ,/ •.•• .' , rli.L'f' '/'.i• /.;.!'"

'•v

ywve etjeta-`lvef .tlv,fz•o`s•eg?•ela,

:" .i:. t,' 'k

-' 't ;' ttt) ;/ --tt , ./ t. tl"- ' :' t -' i t. , 't t' i'rt'' S't' t .t/tt/ ."';" .lit'i's ' tll'. 'L '.',',.+-..,: .' ,.'.

t- 'j 'tt' ''-' t tt t: t [tr". t { -tE.nlha is/ }t --i i-' :- ' [itl-

l'

.ls- t tt

,"" ,Zsla'9'

- t.: • ' i-: 1'1 t, ,. ,i li" -, il,

-t, , . .f' zs-+'

ts-.. 't:t. ,:1 ,' J ,t '- .1

.{t y' 't tttt tt t/t t/t;. .- t.F -. '. tft; .ttt'

t-

.# S u

' t-tz ,,<q . Ii .. i

''t" " t" lt.. ' {L ,•, ' ff -,- .I t ' "t ;' t' - -t l -"Sr•,. ',1 ,k' 1..ivtt

'J- S .Jt S' i",-/ll...- , ;, <- .p.

ttt ',ti['Lt.i' ; c " 'tt= /,I "

.,-l, trftttt t tt •; •.. . ..e

' 't' 't' ,,• t t.t ' M,,1 ' t , ,.N .- " -t f/t -'- •/' L-sF" ... ' t rl.) ;/t , .- -T."... t. f J- .. ,/-' '' " t''t' t' ""-"l

..t . t-/'! ••r' • '' 1 , v- F -. tst

-' /s ' '" la '4: i l" '...''trxili

,

e,, ,.f y. ;t

a,ist .,

, u"

r

'it

t

Tabie

TT.-

.l' ,' ' i''' ,- .'1 ' '' '.

IIeet M-tting',. CAV )eonditionr""'""":,:::!!S,e! tz p

' bea "s ), o o

(54) O O

'h <13) O O

<o,) o o

- , . .. t ' ,-,." '- ' t . 't' tl.T,;i 'V /' ''{#'.rt' 't '' 4, ':} i'-". ,, /ti' '/ L't,' ,/ tJ ,. .. ' v. , J.. .i :, '•'t t•ts •. h S -s "j ' t tt tti /t t.', '•.T ,' '}, , ' tt t' t tl tt i tt tt;/t t t/tt t//tt t ttt '' '1 !J •. . .,t;-'. .l ,.7•-4B Quadrupoie resonanee 6f tas }.. t.' ..''i'. , lt rhe best fitted vapts vere obtained lrv tttstag ihe 'theare. .,•

c, tical curves which are'calculated, byc,assuming, llKZ"4Zl").eP.. ', ' ./- ' to the data. ', .'.. . •' 'i': •'" s.'•' " ttn t- .t t.t /t t.t ttt. t. t-tt .t-t '

CPi'PO>/(PO'P.1) . UP

' tn kHz

6Ra ' in 'KHs'

l 4' '•'-

x7pm tt ttt tt t/t t/ r:t

tt, -t. :Asi

pto (26) O

(58) O

W (49) O

Q

o

o

2.9

5.8

io5

2o5

4.6

201 - 15 e,215 .+ 28 --il6 + 17 -la2 + 15 -

202 + 45 e180 + 21 -535 + 75 -

20 t'35.•c

ed + 86 : -

M+ 54 --v

64 + 20 .

210'

80 + 80 .226 + 1lj -

eo86 '' '56 ss

1.1 32.5 ,Oo4

eO.85

1.7

b.s

1.0

'

Kl

75

Si.5

•26- l,t 29e3 "t'

• 23.0 }•

"

't

t

•• e; Q; A -;, a,7A;

'iNEyrpa. etry of the tield gradient. . ,., , ,,

espelar brDedening. ' . ihiÅíial -."cay aeyniNetry obtained' in the fitting..

"ass' tributiQn af tbe ptaavupaSefi.eoupltag, co,nstanV..

/t

t

-t.

'

s

;/tt -tt

,

L

i ./-

'LS

st. t

e'

",S' tt;tl'" i ,

1/

trs',-

•E.

"-

t-;.

-

'i

t/t i .

[ ,:. s :. ,

,

'g

/e

.ts

.s "

,.:t-1

H .- ,,

-

'

en,-S.

i

-g2- '•• : ."J t.-. t. r

e- f .t.Jt"' ' ';'": 1'' r. "'.' e• '' ,; ', -. .t t -". tl t "'-' ,. -f' .,. ./ri• ., t- - .} /. f,s t--,' ,;'rA.e• t' -, -l .ts' " ""t; X

..` ...S ..' .u i .:L' 1'ts " ,

Host Mtting conditions,A,U )Z. D

(Pl"P /(P

Quad rupole

'P-1) 2

12Resonance of N

DiZL2ali.' thz '><V2/data

No. Data No.

Ta

kHz

116 [254

ooto Å}oso #o

Oe39O.2tiÅ}.

O.2SÅ}.

8581

o.

o.

40+ .26+ d-.

.40

.so8+9 -8+12 -

1OOOtiao+ 1 7o

-997+180 -

1.

o.

Oe

2

76

58

} 21

la

'Nb

95•Si,O,, .O,

254 ;O iO

o.So.41t•2. Jt 4

85.o

o.

o.

50Å}

2Jt•JOe 55

1e7t94e7t9

9708JO+170 -1040+1S5 .

O.67O.6

o.]

} 16

9

l

Åëbi

l

1ctzk 7-`SA `Zl'ÈLè vKe`.;e nv crttrewn weiLsc. okL;tx.e`l.i; 7 .cutew4ÈP 4Ua =' 0 eib.

-

'•r'Tll,{T

pt/

'

Table 7-5B Quadrupole resonanee The best fitted values were

cnmres which were calculated by

12 Nof

obtained

assuming

by fitting1'tK) 4J"o

the theeretical

to the (tata. X.

Hest - . • ,•< ••,)

in idit--k-inptij -,

Ta (i16)

Nb (96)

d

Mtting eendil ion

tz p

oooo

(plePo)/( po--p-1 > ,U`Q iri ]cHz

L!,Kl ,

in Ms

"Kt/dats nS

Å~

,tiiii;

O.33

Oe58

855 + -

855 + -

170

i60

3co + 450 -

340 + 350 .

O.9

O.53

30

36.4•

'

,

x

't./

ttt

,

. 94 e

a

s e ut ,

t'

i

9uadrupele 'Resonance ot 12B and i2N

ttHost(bcc)

j2B(:K.1+),a::) 12N(z".1+)(v)v,

,UQinMHz

)

ii(YQ'inua'z

Nb(V)Mo(vDsa(v)

w(vzP

O.4StO.40

O.64.0.18-

O.12+O.15e

O.59+O.22e

O,96•+O.11.

0.91+O.12e

O.27+O.23-

O.b5+o.51e

lml=1

ts

Q(12B)1.Bt'o•-.,

2il6g,t-'qQ

-24hE

/- "", r

,l

.Pig, ':,, .,•g/t ..L 2hg"s4a

:iS-Serg "'"?,fii t:.- .,,i....r/rrtrfr/,..: ::-L.. 11. -I, 'Pi.",iil.Y'., ll l 4ill,i,l. 8,.,,,.,'li,

.-/

'1.,(i.rrr.,1,'F,•;i.:il.ll,.,l:iil.Ifi:,,,,l.///ti•5,,!.!11!,,..tlll,Trr"iY•.,...r-'.•-:'-/,kJ,'//;:".iirJ-:•/1/r'

Q-resonance on i2B(I"= l")

oxo

.E

oocU=oli)

"o-"'

EElii•,

(

42

o

4

-l

Ab=Oi--rf

Ab

k

Å}l sl/l/la-lli-l++

42

o

+

,+,+iN

•bo

iA

lli llXl.k

IN -l

At-btl4.,t/s"II!tiliSIi!IlgN{.ptiStl+YXs!l

+riiiLiii

-LL"

Nb

Mo

1./+A{---)+xix

Ta

-+-

e•pitLti

+ +xW

+Å~

L

-lOO o lOO

kHz H"l 200

-b (bo =6753 MHz )

Fig. 7-16A The sperCtraon ]2B •in bcc metals are summarized. The solid lines are

aily calculated by assuming Åë+O ìjela=O, and fitted to the data.

the oretic-

.. 96 •-

O/e

4

2

o

8

4

o

4

2

o

4

"pa\-"ft12

B in Nb

aj.Y"UiS/"f"%N"-th

2

o

"z(I"("lv "-h

"L-!li.iii,.",!/ll2Eillirl[i211i(1-.",""W-(i/ Nex"s.""

"Lj{tl!liiEsit{llglii-)i%"es""A"""X"ptts"

• -too

AUn--"-,.2"2!"

"-"-'b' •<vl (,Uo-6'755MHz)

Mo

t"orTa

o

S"t--•A•J-A- " Y,Y

Flli?o;5'iokHz

oo KHz

F}o n-t6B Su,,Mwvstzcol 4rva \O .

Z!i•UQ \O

.b 7e -

oNO

.-c

s,

gts>s

Ea•

1

Fig. 7-i7 A

Q'resonance on i2N( In. I+)

g6t'"--""l.xiN"Ai>"-•N..by

g6i/tw,es,"{tgi'F,i'l[}tty-ggk,,

i b ( bo = 3.079 MHz)

summary ( a pu,(K2&sc. )

Nb

9-"-

Ta

stEt2600

- 98 -

6o/o

4

2

o

6

4

2

o

el

M 5OO .tiFig7-17B .Su.)-Nywa-U}.

a=- O 4ZIR \b

12 N in Ta..,ts,",,l,,x+"/'Ii'il(dl•k/,li/il(l,"kl,,,---t--

l-

li

"'-N""XGL,"i-2"if"Nb

o(2LI a 3•079 MHz ) o4lya ij O

-- 99-

" .d. ti, N-

ilEsliocrgkHz

/

es

1

Lgt

6•s

.i,:.r.

.` u' ic•3ooc.96saa

o

itB(d, p)'2B

2.=gD.i,5

/eg-b;J/"f/'

m

Fts g-ts PopmuU pt M-ptca Smode.

s

iOB (5He,n ) t2N

/e/2/f/

m

e= 3o Å}sP=O•l6

-1

I(rtl Q--l9

bl`•

o 1

?opaJLihaJ c" ivtaociLec 5"B.

i2B in Ti B2

1

HoP'

ox05

•8-

.042gs

•lii;

E2sc!ilR

l

1o

Ab

.,-,i'

/

t''t

Ai;

ttllll 1 , l , l

7,

i/

---J

t

N(,iXVU'

NNN

t''t

7

,1

xv

111

,t

' ''

1

tNs

tlX

ss

sx

s

1.

Nl

t,

t--b-

e

---L-a---i-•---k--

. .

•-• loo o

NX

-ptt

be :-tu

kHzIOO' ZJ ( b, =6•753 MHz )

Fig. 7-20 The magnetic field employed in the exper'iment was57.6X MHz in proton resonance frequency. The solidline. is the best fitted curve calcuiated by assumingg\Obnet=O, and the bro{gl•:en line is the best fitted by assuming by =ObtkJQ=O•curve calculated

I

FoN'

ouco=o>s.v-.

oEE>m(

>o<o

.E

4

2

fo

APr-""""1

ti"

12B ,

mZrB2

."/"'IN"/"lXINi'"""'+N(IN+N,"N.

L:Lt-!-L--.sMmLm.....,L-

-50-----=- b

o,

-tS.e

-lcu,ua

kHz

Fig. 7--21 37. is mg

'rhe magnetic fie].d employed jn the experi.ment60 MHz in proton resonance frequency. The solidthe best fitted theoreticai curve calculated by tZ. "EO,`Ji?JL:.)-:Oe

waslineassum--

6e/o

4

2

o"

4

1:

g",,.

,li/(;""'Å~"Nfls

"

"

t2 B in TiB2

AZLIs 23•5 kHz

-

"-

" scfy$gl/)(i

'

L

w

-50 .vFig. 7-22 "Dhe solid ez. •- o•rs, A,cLlt/,cc,

"." " "istg")6oh"'le,z

in ZrB2X`•"

fliiii/i:xs>r"s"N,.-G/il"-"I"":8okHz

o ('Uo '6'755lines are calculated

.3L> 9o.

5o kHzMHz)by assurnmg

- 103 -

6

4

:O:lO

2s

eOe=vo

$iptdv

/"nj"wt

wh

12 B in Ti B2 AZ) s18•5 kHz

""th"es"ptes"

N"-es100e]lilFse-s.

kHz

l

d

b$4EExq21

o

-IOO

""

o

MrwIA5,%..b"

=eua-- 5O

(Vo

o

in ZrB2 A]J g 7•5 kHz

HNxs="s-k-"-LRit;:-.-m

=6•753MHz)

biige "t-23 1'ne soii.d)z. -Oe3• "jUig,(/<.,h, =

lines are'5) 9,r.

caLculated by assummg

- 104 --

. ,Si.- ;' 'a "

t:'I."""'"'3 't i

ki• "l

t

'

•"i

v•'

Table

,} -

7-7A .. Quadrvupole resQnance l2 .of B in .TiB2 {. -.: -.

and ZrB 2

,

r}''

't'

,i 2 ,?t

gg•••

/-" ;-•.•/-t t ./,--l t.,./ ':L' 'si 'k,, •'u/ ;'it' "tt '/-v/1.- tt- t

t-t .t / t{t'" .' k•. v,, t-/ s' .' 'e'' ?t ''"

ali•l,- "

t'' -.I"' s'' ''"' it

//' '" 'fby'. E

t-.la- ../

.n} t..eSF'.1/t'' '"

s t

'lt Ft ':"d'' .

.1 ' ..N • •o .-'- 'l. ," 'l

-" I. ' t :1 .". y il .Ts.

Ho'st' 'eittank• i;sf'fiil6"E'-:lt'ndStiiSjn,

r"g.."9Ko• o' o.. ,i' "' 'tt' ' ' " jC, tse 1-o.J o

.t et, t" <23.4> .jkP 'pt> '.e ;. ' /.t t }:. t tt tttt t h '

•, zrB2, " 'v (7•5>i e.oo, ,-., t' •L so ae o l•. oo

( 8.0)XC) a"O o

il}.:Pl21olE2:e:}l•."...!....".,g-.kH-,.{•Ili5,-ym-,--..-"ft2.g--2S-tz..ia:!:.'..--..-•

' ee52r

b.4s + o.74Xi. 43 . -

O;75

O.5 i o.3 t-e,o.6s +e.3;, .

O.42+e.53 -e 59+O.24 - .- 'i'

l92 +• tiO.3 195 •+ .1.7 i84

26

30 35o2

+. 34

1.3 85.5+18 -2oO 73.4+7o6 '

3S-. +

29e3

25

i;55

O 87• .)e'45

O,56

O.92'

v.

tt

- rt-. t. 1

D,

A•

"J "al palany breadenig, olnz,beqi "` &` eAjp,`yet) inl•tial .S-decay'asymmetry ebtAined in;'f

.s dl.s'l ributien ef the eoupUng constant.

t'' ' ;i

ada "FyaXr-6 presentt.he

.

data fitting.

i

't

':"' 'i''}•..' a •1` -l. .t• . . '4 . .".,

lr.4: 'A"•tt•u ' '

- 21.L :,.s

t

{

sj'

Te.bie N}N,

7••7B

't'

'' t'

QuadrvupoZe

"- + ' e' tt

Yesonanee of X?B

"'

't t'

-L-

s.t

.in asB.2an'

d

•--T•- , ,.: t- tt /tt/ ' '

' tttZ;tB 2•

Hos' t.-(a"ifK-

Til32 '

(18 .'9)

(25.4)

Fittingeenditign 7 "J<dlsi

O -EO

o lp

<PivPo)(pe-p-p •UA,;•bk",rÀZJa;.kki jtst?fe 042t,ts

----------------"'-"-- r"-'-,rrr.r.-'-'-r."-'b yt• .

ttt t/ t. ' tt /t t/t tt t •1 '' , k. ,. ' ' Oe5i 215+30 " 142. i" ''1 39e5 O•68 v e ' -,. .- [ O.5i . 202+30" 152 -' 37 •"• 1.1 " '

ZrB

(

(

2

8.0)

7e5)

o soO sNO

o.

'Oa

84

9

,82t8

87+i3. e

..s 69

50

35'3s.

, .O.98 Oo5-2 --/. ,

'

(;

vt

r)

.-

't

'

t,

'x

' ,,l t

t 'F i,a

a' i

•}

r' ,.-tt

x

i-

4,

,' k.e.'+

1

- Xo6 elt

.tr1. 't tk' -t }' ''t

-/ , ;- t.•b .., ,- s' .,

':'

'" ' f'

r. ,t

Table 7--8- paadrupoie' vinteraction in NMR spectr& 12on B

/

Sempterf modnlation in itHz

'(41x "(5/2h )eqQ( 12B ) -"7Z•

avg-K in .klls

eqQ< iiB )/h"

TiB 2'

ZrB 2

i8e9

23.4

7.5

8.0

25? t 30

230 + 40 e

O.3

O.5

70

70

560 + 20 e

x ) -, ,,.

ave raged

e

averaged

251 " 24 .

86 + i5 . 7G+ 8 pt

O.3

O.3

30

50

e•

118 + 10 .

tt

74 +7 -

x

.

---

Data taken from

A half vaiue of

A half value of

ref•

the

the

16)

best fit obtained by extreive

best fit obtained by extrene

./

assumptions

assumptioas

7k o td<tti

mpts `g<etx

o.

o.

t"

v .--

i'

.;

jf' /•\"

,,,gtN•

f

d. 1cr7 -e

-

'' lt

-"

[1'/•'.

l•li •: ';/•h"

, 1- ttt'

,,,/ r ,.f.' ,r,,•v

t' ''" tf"'t

K' i' .t//''!.

,. "x

-"

i

•,r "

' 11: .,

L et" /'1'

4. t . pt '

t

. -,

'G

t-t '

Åët/i'/li••J•il'i, li-,i,,kli,- -•. I>..,.i

,-,. , 1,' . ,i. . ,"t '1 ' 'i ' , .1,F": '' ,, ,.,,I ' ' ' . ,/ .1 t- ,, ,8 Dleeussien •' ,,, ''. .. •,• ' ' . ' .);. ' t. t The quadrupole effeets wer'e observed in the NMR spectra en 12B and 12N in'

tt

varioms bec metalk' . As cieariy eseen in the spectru!n (m i2B in Ta ( Fig. 7-6, pige

7•-7 ), eaeh quacirupole spactrum Observed in the preeent expsrin"nt oonsists et ,

t•hr"e peakS. Thase sti'ucture can be attributed te the eorresponding transitian

with the nuclear spin I m 1, and to the rf modulation effects by use of polyerys--

talline eamptes. Cansidering the agreements of the theoretieal aues calwktcd,-

kry assu}ning the nuciear spin I s 1 to the (iata, ane can conclude that the grana

n 12 N are r s 1 without arny anbiguity. These are consisteEtetate sptne of B and

wSth the regu]ts from the (3-decay data. The V e--decay branching ratios and ft val-

ues are kitown experireentally and are listed in Table 8-1. Ancording to tta(3-dstcaer

systeinatiqs, the decays to the grand state(O") and to the lst excited state(2-> of

l2c are asdigned to be anowed transitions and the spins of the grand states of the

12B and i2N are deduced to be r= i+. lr'rom the stand point of the shell modei, 12B

and vaN belong to tbe IP sheU nucthi, and the Nerdheiin rulg can -predict their spSns

.to l?e Ix 1. The present r'enite{are ecmaistent vith the padictiop.

The a{rymmetric heights ef a quadrupole spaetrum can be explaingd by the pop-

uZation ditterences af the related magnetie sublevels. The slgn af the Ua ,how'

ever, can not be assfgned in the present experiment alone since two set of popu-

lations are possible to expiairv .the data. The two sets of the populations are

shcrwrt in Pig.. 8-18, and Fig. 8-19. . !rhe knovn gua(impQie coupung constantsi6)ef 1iB in TiB2 and zrB2 yere uti-

litped to dRtenv th.e retie of,the g.uadrupole moment of 12B to llB. In the ?re-

sent experiment the' ratio '6f tbe fiei'd g,.radients acted on i2B in the beth campies

'are obtained to be -Lifll.i5gelil;-!iif\Sll<tzbvnT,Bsl)=:0'5ii}Å}O'OS '''

B deduced from the ]uiowa caupling This ratio is in agrEement to the ratio on

- 108 - .

/ tt--it..t.-.]. =.k/ JAth.m "-

Jl

s;,jr[t;{/l.i.///,IJ[/11j"j•,l.)-- •. ••• -- t+,L••''•;t:;•v••i• e'. , -'

ttt tt'1111111iillll'i,i.ill-J,lf/S'liiill'//-;li'i",11//l:'k':i'tmb1"11'i'ilif'sll'l'/lillli//1l;i,}s.,::-7'•.,tg3,eRrcgntÅ}wiip/lb-'ed•Thes"

.t11"lllii"iiill'11i:Iiii/ii'i••li'itllXl•stilili./l'.:el"•2ì.K'"6beii/n•tiiSenllsl••k,illiibe..geil/li:'X'kFi/i,kaab':".l:/l/l:li'`mrye.;/h;'IBc,."."':al:sOP-

'' probabk in the fnd stage af imp]antation, and the major sites of the imp-

"t,'

1{1' 'II li, " lanibed'.1• 2,B in tma tiampies were substitutional. Thns the knovn coupiing con-

'•

iii'( ..J sttrrilEs ch '11i.l cal.1. be used to deduee ths ratio of the quadrupole moment of 12B

'' ';',, to UB to be ii`.'i I'',;'''i'i ' 'G.-''w,rg..i l.2(t.i2tiB..)ldQilliBl!,.=d.O.i4o2ie!m2illikVi ofiiB by the atorfiie beam rrNsthod

' to be Q(11B) = --o.o3sss + o.ooo2 barns, without corrections from the configura-

1, t-p 16) 20) tioi!-•interaction and Sternheimer polarization .

The main cause of the arnbiguity which must be taken into consideration

r..1'.,il./ tO.thescrtisi.il/lln#Q:lllilB:t:llStti.e:ll.er.'bZ'J.ill.:i7..P'.edSe.n611fli.gilUIIII,tl.11Sme.Ste.f'..O:it..he.9deri

''i' it.',l,ll'Ae,li:i:',gi:i.i..3e.",'gn.k,,A,.'.i,`.'e.i`Mifilg:l.l.ì60:gtinj::i;Cl.i.9Il'f;.',,WleSei!nterL

sction because the ratio of the magnetic dipok interaetion consta!tsct'and ofof

,.,. ...,. the 2pt and 2ppAstates - ebserved in the atomie beain method wasa2"(2u=4.gg5

+ O.OQI which was consistent to tbe theoreticaily p.T'edicted one of 5.oo14 with- p- '"'out eonsidering tire interaction. lk upper iintt of the interactien in ilB$

i'ean be estinvated by considering the Ai(3p 2t' i-r) case. H. Lèw aRd rt. 'Jk)ssel

"''obhmd the carrection faetor for Ai of iess than s pencent21).•

- 109 -

'j

"• li

t tr tttt tt ttV. /.v ,

,• lil '.il ••

ttttt

/Jttt ttt/L, . ,i,,,' S' : ,"' 'e ... . .L-.' ''' s• '. ', /1 ;tIIS" ' .,; ,tvh6 amount of tbo configuratiozts.interaetion is cinsidg,red.tatge,fer hea//'igr' atonss

1/.,,//lt,,//•.i..,,,,tliil,;,mstZgt.he..i;l'li'eda:9.i:,ITIIi,:i':v:il:.Tp//t:kce.gii:lh:;e:;:ltlge('mb.r'im6puik:,::,,.//,:;fg?..t:;::1/3ec;

"1//,/I.'', ,., ilrla!:i{,I.ll)) :lyil;;;t:r:?txcrn fer iighter etenent B is iess than s percent vhicti is eom-

".N /; ... ," 1• ', AneÅíber eorreetion for Q(llB) is the sternheimer pokrisaticm. 'The eer'Tee-

. tt 'ttt tien for the nuelear quadrupole moasnt ie ealculated by Ste,rnheimer to be 1/<1-R)t /.t t tt' • n1.17. rhe test en the reliability of the ecmectian tagtexpts are not eutfieiept. •- -• Scme eearee eiperinentai tests heve been nade, for instsce as to p er d eiectrorxs '1'' of'be15,), in175, Ta181, and Rei•85 ato&7.) !n these cases the quacimpoie mpments

k, , ebmad by ltypgrfine strueture are systematically.v18 percent larger than pa.t

L,,Il...1,• oti'talned by eoulcmub excitatian. These results are consistent with tbe calcRi]Ated

l':t/-i'i•l'1): utel(lieng factors. • • .tti. t ' ,..• Thus the correction for Q(1iB) is rnainty governed by the stexni}eimer polar-

'X..i,,.iijZ".,.ìil/ll,i,,,::.:A,.:.ni.iilg:"`:in::i.ig,l:.fmMO,Me;gntòfsk,:e)ang.:•2"iOz,me•t?i.il,fte:Lne.Zk,:ì:ge.,:ne

' ..i " tbedei ip. whieh the iwlitelear properties are attributed to an edd protua and tui. edd

., s't nfi"tron each in its appropriate shell medel state. The quadrupole moreent of an

s' 11:dkod:j,ii"iielkQO:=i::tliiilliiiil/i:lill,i,liil:'lilitiill;.l-•2/il',,i,/',?ii';ljhW,,(.Juc',j.'//eql21ill/il'i",-l-be"il[?Jda'si2>is

a R-(?.ah eoefficient, andbnis the neutron state. This redwees to i!Qjr in the ease

'ii'i:i;.,za.ii',T:',ibef":".rcttP'IEY.i;ifSipa!'.k.ti:lgh,iii,,2.i.il.iiodS,1:,ilile"be.'.,X'Yha,.":ee:

' ' .t ' '

s. - liO -

rJ- ,, ,, s

:l

1'fi

-

/lt

,.//, ill, /"i)' ,1'i "1 'II 1 ' , ''' ''i '. ',' 'I../.'/ '' "i ',, "' lt-"l

'•/- ' " tbe boron isotopes are shown in Table 8-2 in which experimental values are rtot ccxt}'b

recbed,as te the configuration-intersction and the Sternheimer polariMtion.

"''.' on the other tmd the quadrupole moment of 12N is zere in the simple partiele

modei. Tbe exisVence of the quadrupole moment is elearly shown Sn the IxrttFgpt ex-

'1-F-iti'ii''i'lr"::;:.l:ili.l:;./:11l",Yh,e.i't"leii;.i'i:illi'u:'g:,.2'V,l'liii"tliilila':".lll:•i'Yi,L':fflBiiaISfg.ii'i!•l:•e:bel'iil T'

.:i•:,;;:,i,e•i"i[f,iliii:}),l":rP.i:.i;,i.he,:e)e::,J","(ir"6,,po.,',."..m`m}'e:5,fli",:;6anS:..9:d,"&ea..'..'h",,

-••

.i'ti'iilltillli.::et,,.di"k`,":,-,.,93/eC:;anr:.,ll:,::i91.:OolblhtPi.:.l.a.S.ixnewn//ii.IIEO\:S,l.:un`}'11;a:,i.k"z,.s.lhse,.:fa'ltl/iil/il"1" :-

,, .Ii'' 6ietis'"hequire more refined ealculations. ' 12' Large differenees are found among the internal fi,eld gradient acted on B and.:"y''' ""' 12)l ii! {h, Nb, No.and w. As stated above the nuclear quadrupole m(ment is deter'

'"'

i•.,., minBd in tbe present experiment e tYte absoiute values of the electric field gradient

•-i;ge,i/•''g:ch,'S'f."hec"ii?,i:Y.,in,IP,,be.'.ge,::,i,,S.:.,n.i:,""ake},,v;":Lhiy,";:;/.:h:ttL.' •//

12 ' er than that i!t Nb. orhe quadrupoie moment of N is considered to be conptkrable• to that of 12B as stated above. 1ihe fieid grtidient acted on ]2N in Ta is considered

to bg 4.5 tirnes 1arger than that of 12B ixi x"a. By the case of Nb, it may be'g ti!nes.

t In arder te interpret the quadrapole spectra on bcc retals, TiB2 and ZrB2, it

' is necessary to talce tnto aÅëeoLmt a finite distnbution of the quadr'upole coupii,ng

i)•.:,,/"k"a,"••••iE}:Xog"i.'e{.,ise;:.::::ry.,ge`h,iiZ'sil.gi:9.i:#l;..'k',$ll9.2.&i[lg.Z.fi.e,,',.t8.rwSe,

not pessible by the presenS accuractes. Tne causes of the dlstribution of the eou•-

''"plSg c(mstant and the asymtry of the field gradient are considerect mainly due to

t /t- ' tt/ ' ' -li!- . /ttlil ,1 '. '11• ' • '

. ., 1:, ifN. ' " lt /

" .t.

' ' , ..t tlie, eryetaXLins defects, dislocations and the impurities in the samples. . i' '"' ,, ''' The experinental half wadth at half maximm of the gXpsetra en 12B in ?t em

'

'-•itt.ouagi'llf,':,.tl:s",iill':'.gh,an...`g?.6ekÌF`;1.a&e(,.:hkha.L':dgllsoi:::.7.sri`'" '-'',.,,,

, . t/" ' eiistenee ot other cauees tlun that of 'the dipolar brosdening. In faet !ig.7-•5

}n ,V.hieh the rf-t'ield.intensity dependences .of the (ibserved ssyitfinetrslQhanges are , '1,

, sh{mi, suggests soilte conparatively narrow statSc breadening. Tf the canse is the .I

dipe]Ar broadening, the rf intensity n!ust be increased to obtain• 'the seuiK) asnount

' ' ' ef N)ER effects as the modulation ranges widened. By the ease of the ?t, however,

', an rt field with vider Noduiation (13 kllz) getSa 1arger )Ii!R effect than the rf l

field vhich is not modulated in ftequeney with the same rf fieid intensity.

' '

st

}:,

.ei

/

Jt",f''

..g g

•-

tt' ,/-pt•/ ,y'")l';}nyt u

J-

/.

- 112 -

ny

:.c•- '1 ti,vv

...ht.v{' •/'' .e. .1..l,

t

HFW1

-t

IQI

c

'

.t2 C.,-(T=l,Tz--•O-

.t2B2oms

(T=1Tz"'l)=.-i5Jlt•l•

Mlq)=+l.O03(l)nm

P7s53Å}ll

tl

t3.371•t•

•---:O,eiSt(t`le)

SJ,tsissN,!tss-st-SsssSSs-tBIN-,Mev

ot

st5.372"

i2N itms

(TtS,Tz= I)

t7.4 l"

t'i --+o.4s7t(s)nK!t)

Emax" l6.35 Mev

O l2C O+

Fig. g-l EnergyLlevel diagram oÅí

magnetie moment valuesA

are

= l2 triplet. 'rhe uncertainties given in parentheses at the last

oÅí the gtadrupete osd

decimal. '

t

Table 8-1 •- e'becay .pata'

EIement" 12 B

12N

1"

ta N e g.s.

Ist

2nd

Branching Ratioo' on%2+ 1.4

O+ l.3

log ft

4eoa

5ei

'

BrachingRatio 97 %

)o3

log ft

4.17

4.4

4.4

Table 8-2 .

Element Spin{Q/Q( llB )I,.p { Q/Q( 11B )i ealc

Q exp

.9caie

iOB

iiB

12B

3

5/2

1

2.C84 + pt 1

O.42 +

aO.oo2

o.org

e.pa

1

O.53

b".on4 b+O . 03 555--O . OOC}2

r o.olsi t o.oLb.

+o.a2g

+O.Q51

+O.O17

a;D. Dehmelt, Z. Physik 155 528. ceEpamu tsS"p"ae2ennd2e.

rrable 8-3

1952, b;ref .16)1 c;

Elenent Spin %Xp

' twQeai3'PG3' l3 f

uc 9Be

i21N

5/2

3•/2

1

O.os1

o.os

O.031 P

O.028 P

O.O17 P

1

i'on

<•-i )

present result

"Xk F Oj "iSs

"o-•t t ".,',t,,t,,ma2i!g"?ZP

ròwoLtr"rte(

L r,vdieck

rkttvtrJ

• i effective eharge.of tbe N" Qoptp ; .eecptwVnorSxuV

, Table 8•-4 lilectric Field

odd neutron.Me•`t6-c"t,e`L,,Lra,L"2..< ft-vvwr), )

]2 .Gradient Acted on B in bec hetals

Eiement q ( egu )k

-:tKg(V;"--"=;:g:5:55Ti5!4----tapt'< -v) o64.o.oplo

' 'Mo(VI)

tc<v)

W (VI)

(

(

(J

(

1.15

i.23

2•i

.

+.+-e-

+-

Oe19

O.13

Oo5

)

)

)

)

lo14

lo14

lo14

)6 without sternheimer rection on Q(ilB>. If

eorrection is accepted

ntust be multiplied by 1/lo17 •

-U4-

v•

cervthe

q

,.

1 .e 'n't.

/e

t

.

't

t tt - , •'1 s', '1 '. ' ' t- .- tt t t]tt ' : .L '. '. .- ' ' tt t l tttt

x

a) The results obtain.ed in the present study are summarized,

A) )kielear hoperties X -i) Nuclear spin of 12B(Tt s 20 ms) amp confirmed te be I za 1 ; tihe quadrupole '

spectra on 12B in bce metals especiany in Ta ciearly shoved the iuiclear spin to

be r= i. The s•pectra on i2N'aTe aiso eoneistent vith the asgumption that the "

nuclear epin is I m 1. These reguits are consistent vith the regults froza tS.decay

data. .ii) The 'a`'O itQ(thi2eB:/ICQi(:aiBr>rua r:ole4o2ietmoc".neon41 of i2?',g.g liB are detenny}ed.to b?,

Tl!l.:isiesa: oqll9/g81P).Otmie MQinten.tb.of, i2B are deduf?eq bey usinF tpe lcnown !eiue Q(iiB) ,,.

(Q(12B)1 = (o.ots} Å} Q.O()lil) barns. (see cf p.uo> - '

iii) The nuclear polarizations of tv+16 ee were observed in liB(d, p)12B reaction

at E(d) x 1.43 MeV and r,ecdil sngle e 3 3o't s; -nd' in 10B<3He, n)12N reactian .

at E(5He)=3.8 Nev and reeoil angle e a 30'S 5'respectively.

.The possibie two sets of popuiations in magnetic gubievels are obtained for .each polarizatian <see Fig. 7-18 and Fig. 7-19).

' -B) SgMd-State Prvperties t • • 'i) The observed N"ER spectre on i2B and 12N in fec and bcc metale are eonsisidnt '

wl.th the asguurpticnt tbet tly) mptuTed eites of tpa regp,iied 12B and i2N in the

samptes of the beavy host metale <bcc and fCc) are interstitiai. 1!he conBist'enojy

of the• rati6 of the fie.1,d gradient acted en 12B in TiP2.and ZrB2 tO that of,. tpa,'' -,

, rfield grtig.ient e" ted cm ilB in,tbeee sa.zrrples,suppami tlNl c(msideretion that the •-

exc}}ange eonisions were probable in the final stage of inplantatian and tbe ma3ar

Si,.ii,ili,liiliiiillil,.li,;n-'"letiO"7i.••,i,,'T-fi--OY)i111.i.ilinteiiarl.il.Il•.".i•iilltt•i.ti•T,.fil.•'i,,•1•).1i•..i,ii.i,i

xN

.i'

- ''' t' 'si,/Sies of implanted 12B in tliese sainples were gubstitutional.

'ii) Absolute valuee of field gradient ithich ected en '12B in bcc NmEitals are obtained

d'by using the Q(]2B) ebtained in'the preeent experiment. They'aNre shown in Teble

' '8-dL. Iarge•.diffe!ences apong the fialsl.eradient are found. The field gradieht ,.

T:astedtha.nt12.,B tinh.t

lt::t:lf/t.s.tt:.,:;.F::;y..irii,thiJ.itgl:I;,tr:.dodtfTuA:ietl:;li:::dTtglrdcie..ltarger

acted (m ]2N<Vth group) in a iretal of Vth group are e(msidered to be 5 .v IQ ti,ips

larger than that acted on ]2B<rnth group), if tbe effective charge of the last

neutron in lPth stgte is assurut to be .vl. , . 'The field 6,radient g ted on 12B in pcc tbeta)sra, Nb. Ko and w are feund to i)e

tlie same sign. dn the diher hAnd, tbe.fieth gradierrt aeted on 12B in TM2 •and ZirB2'

are opposite to thel metal caees. And tlMa rdplati've signs of the field gradient on

12N in Tel and Nb are same vith each other. ' jiii) i(night shift anisotreb)r are observed in the quadrupoie specpra on i2B in k

and 1lo. 1lt)e spectra are qualitatively explained by aiBsuming positive utsotropie

shitt of N5 kiin for the arystaIiogrephie axes oriented par-11e.1 to the exteiFrza1, • 'gngnetic tielde ' ' ' ' ' tt ' '

b) hture frospect . There are still nen)r sho!'t-lived t3-radioactive ntelei ot whieh nuclear ' t'properties are e)cpeetcd to be studiBd. Ity celectin s suitable impiantation re.dia

:kVlll.gCh.:ttrntha.di iields are known, nuclear quadrupgP ma.n. ts, ean be meatnmed by - .

' 't ' rb6 experinental nethod in vtsicis tbe autgtiatiq 'dath ninhiization inethod'end I'

tt +trt mo{tuIFtion in emplqyed, is aZso fit for the neasurements, ,af lbe nagnstigemes' .

ments Qf other nuclei vith pti asyimptry fackor A. .. .• •,.,:,.., ,. ;., ' ,: Present mcthgd cian.be utiliasd to the study of fhe'n}rclear polairist!tiagt: ,;' i'i''

'' t'-'' -' tt ' - ' t'''tr' -- -ttl ' .L- i ' ' ' Li. . , ' ' ' `1.,f• •1.i'.'',.-tii.lg,;".'i; 1,t''•.'iillJ:..'i'.l.I..'(-:,liii•':'irl:`]11'..I"il/,i'

.ti',.. '. "'/t.Il .:' . • ...'I"' .' '".,1;:'t}.1.1'1:,S '11'. ,",',2.''i•-}',. '.. ''.i '. ', li ;,.. ,.:..,,':...,,•:,;t'. ' . ''•.vl-i,ll•,.' ,'.='

ttt-

' t;-1?

":stt .

'f':'

•1 t- t- .I;e

'-).•

rnechanism in

can be easily

transition.

pola;izatian

the nuclear reaction. The absolute value of the nuclear polarizaticm

obtainsd if tlte 6-decay is pure Ganzov-•lreller transitian.or mirrar

'Tl)e observati(m of the energy and recoil angle dependenceB of the

will give insight into the polariuation mechanism.

,

.

v'jt

, " g, '

t

s t'

-t;//•fi

/l .1,{ : ,•

1pt ' 'i - tt, ..-t ' 't• •'l, 1

t'j" ' 'ft '' 1''

-.

. 117 '"-- l

in,,k,, .

•s .t

r''' ,

t.

.t::/ ,t. 1 ,--

,f 4. , • './..:•

a. ,, .. .7••-• .. t tt

"fu" 't"' '

l -#tt .--t .t,- ,-, .""/''

'L

'stl .1/ za''"' 'ttu'

, /i,i,'J' s'.=,,, ;/ ;i •J

i•ll/'" ''lii'i')'';''" `L •I.'L•

v;:{., lh./' et... 't/ t t . /t1.. ..r pt ,t.

','s. . - I.

.v, - ' ,. ri".,

1:I•- • J .ii,,;ri'Il ,i'"' ''L'':1''"

' '

-

,

••11

"' '"T'I"IV','

,-. ' ,,,} - /,;., ,,t';

-i, : ,, ,/r,. h,, 1'

tt/ tt t.tt ;

t/t tttt' tt - tt titht

E ltttt tttt / tt tt t -

1 •• •-,,•

'"' '.e.' 'rL,,-tt//./,,Err-tt- .

Itt ' t t'-tll tt t'tt

' '" ' '

/t

ttt ttt ' tt

1t.. 'ttt t

tt t/ ttl.ldi,rs,•/.;;, ., -., .,,,j. ,....

.p

•• Ae}mowledgement ' ./ ' , ' ' I would lilp to express ay indebtedness to many people who gave off their

1/v and energy to bring this study to fruition, ineiuding the foilevptig:. '

" t,,, ..- , - • ,!!rafessar Kenzo Sugimote, for his eunstant gutdance, suppert andrentl!usiasn.

Profeseor Tetsuo Walgatsuki, for his constant ene(nzragement.

Prefbssor Sbetaro Yamabe, fou7 his constant encauragement.

' ' t/

l. 1,,./f,LFt, ,ra, ?.Y.ttt?., fO' his unde'Ftan9}ng and genergs eooperatie.apa ,,,

Dr. Koji Nalcai, for his several helpful discussions in t}re early stage ,

of this study. . t.i zir. xoji Ilatuda, for his understanding and generous eooperation as a 'k',., :". .Lv.g,.,

cewerkar. ..,e•S4n',"`' k, t. t, 1,. 1.i IZE' NoniO ll tl :U!on eoiicnOrrrtd218 heiPfut d!scussions in searching ,sagta{file ,,, ,.. ,.

'''' lh. ruta}cu Nakei, for hiB helpfNil diseussions on X-ray analyBes of ' i•

'' TiB2 and ZrB2 sampJes. , • " )!r. Yutake Ta}cahashi, for his eooperation in operation of Osaka Untversity 't' 'li '' :"'

... Ll .,, ' Van de Grsaf.and for his teclmicaX asistances. '•'//•

,"Hmmi Kinamisene, ay wife, for her patient ,.enc(Jux,agement, undestandÅ}ng

t tL '. and coeperetian. . • - tt ' ' t t/ tt/t ' ' ' 'tt. t tt ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

t t1 t 1] t t/ ' ' ' ' ttt /,,,,/,, .,,./,.', .,,,.s,. • ,.... ., eii8"" ' ' ,'' .i:'.lirl'1111i/li,,...,...''•T,,1111S'l/111..};'cl/'','1111i

//L.S' '

l'

1)

2)

5)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

ll)

12)

i3)

14 )

l5)

16)

17)

i8)

i9>

20,)

21>

22)

tt ' ' N ," N. ' .Re fe r'ence j. ,x •., . t/t tt t ' N.Y.Ramsey, Nuclear Moments <2nd ed.) Academishe Verlags Geseishaft.

Frankfurt 1956. X ' tt E.M.}'urceli. H.Torrey and R.V.Pcmnd, Phys.Rev. 26 (1946) 57"' -.

X.Sugimoto, A.Mzobuchi, K.Nakai, and K.hatuda, Jour.Phys.Soe.Japan '" ' . 1,`

' ' • 211L (1966) 213 , . .., ,.,,,; X.Sugimoto, K.Nakai, K.)Eatuda, and T,Minamisono, Jour. Phys. Soc. Japan • '

' g2. (1968) Z258 - . ' H.C.Nevns, and M.Y.Refai, Proc. Phys. Soc. A7i 627, Proc. Phys. Soe. M66 (l9S2)';i

' ' ' ' .'A.S'imon, and T.X.lk}Iton, Phys. Rev. 29 (19ss) IQ56 ',• ,'., ,.,, .•,1:''

' L.S'Seeifer, and L.Madarisky, Phys. Rev. S962(l967) 999' ' -,• , Lt tt t t .tt. ttt / ' N.Bloembergen, Physica AV C1949) '586 ' ', -: ,' d A.Abragam, Nuelear' Magnetism (1961) ' ' J.C.Wells Jr., et. al., Phys. Lett. 2Zl} (1968) 448

N.Blcembergen, and T.J.Rowiand, Aeta intallurgiea .l, (1955) 751 ' tt/ ' M.H.Cohen, and F.Reif, Solid State Rbysics 2(1957) 521 ':" . ,, . 'l V.S.Greehishki, UHN 26 (1959) l69, Scfiriet 1?!ljrs. Uspekhig(1960) 699 ' • . •

' E.!.IFbdin and G.K.Sentn, Straetural Chem. i (4) (1960) 464 -. • e ' V.S.Greehishkin, et. al., Soviet Pliys. Uspekni E(1964) 566 ` ,

A.H.Silver, et. al., Jour. Chem. I'}iys. 22. (i960)288 . Gunter Wessei, Phys. Rev. 2a2.(1955) i581 , •'i .t R.M.Stembirrer,. Phys. R,av. 90 (1950) I02 , ,,. .-''1' " '1: • •• •• ••. •t/ R.B.Watson, et. al., Pitys. Rev. .IStL90 (1965) 575 •L. ' • • '''-• ''. •.,• '•t-l

. ,/ 1 t t .t1 tttt tt/ t T.P.Iins"-.and E.L.Hahn, Nuelear Quadrupole Res. Spect. <Acadeznig Prees InQt) '"••"1,i.:. ,,., ',;"

-'' '/'' t"''t" t H.i.. ana G.,i..i.ill71i-",'Sh)y,P.i2R2... xo iags3) .. ' ',.,, i,,.•• .,•.ii ii' '' /.

' ' . . t-. '.. L, . t ttttt Hedbeeh der Physik, PH )OCXVIIIII <1958) pti5 ,' ' ,•.. •-•••'-.,., " ' t' ';' / . .tt t,. t,t., . ' . • -ng- ' /,,• ' .. ' ''''" ,i,,, "./illl,"li'ill:""'{11g•,.IIIil.:,.1,i/'i',11il]i//t`''i/ii•i

D ', S' "` ' ' '' ' '-•'' -- • ;' [''1-•'t' "'{,•. ,''/,Ltr'1'e,'ii`.lii.''.L''''`':T'1/s•11,i' llll//liil'•, f. ''

'

e,

c-?pe,nd:,.",dn,,,..t":)xd:,p:ca:`:i:':';.c;iio:.\:.::i.t:/L;g:"n,...6...6,,ltL///i'i'ihi,/11":1''ìi,iS"l''/i'i1Ii'"i/jilllillil'lili/11111';j,i,il/il//

goordimatetfiaw.r-sic4h.,i,he,-./;riic:lpla..i.c,,om:o;liznLt(s,,.Of.t/'.e)J?C"'iefieidg'adll.l?.,.1.1/,.;/til,:1.;,'tsu.,•i•i/ll.TP9r,9:.e/11,,,,///il•,ii

i:"k':.`1$Yl]el;•i,,il:s,Å}/,:/14'G./;ir•i.11'l.IL",llllity.zl;"iyle;rWg'rXsl/:`'"I'liz`'r-.,i•.ll•11t/,i.1on,ri'•11r-:•11,li:i'i.11/t'/i/'1'/"`'i'illl/I/,,,,/,il//lliillllll//E,,11111/liillll//i

t,;t.:,in,•,.The,,:2;l;';ti::,3ai/:s:fll-e.:",ln,:pe;;`,i'iC,ar.'b.e,i",iluli.iib/)l,be,,sjl;-/l.1-/il,l..1/L,,,.;,k/•J///i/i'ilJ////."lll,li.//i,,

besei' 11ii,li/1'\'ios,.i,.,i-'l/lv,i/i,'1i/i.,,,sill/11iip,i•iiig.z,l•nx,fa',''s;/•ri';•i•g-;'';';''i';t•

:l,i`"i(,z""v.2el,tk'Z'àgiee<:,2enj'2V#ii,;E'IX".",rzwa/i,r.ir.Z9".,,l,..,,

.-- -•., ,i i' -.,.• ,', .f//••tiS l., . .f,,tl;•/L.

t tt tt:.tt. ttt /r ti ' ' '1 '''"''il'•''' ';',''s'T'i..''/1/iill/[

i " .'1. .' ' .II;-'1.•., t,.-,' .,i` x.' ' tt. ' •'1 ii'',,g. /'-.,.i`' /''L'L. •,i. ',,.. I,iil,1111/,.1'. ,1..,/L.i,.'I//'" .iilliihl•;.l,'/..tt.,,lll/1/

-] st •. •-.. 1..+ ..

::'-l:ilil'i:'ii'i:,i.i•g{gi}:•tS/JBIr,likd,g,;f/:c.itEllil/ll/i,.iklii'l"i'iioi-i•S:s•4,i,i/•i./C"''ii'li,,1i.•[/'/i/il/'1111/"1//,,/t••/iL/ii.illlliiiliii.J'i/:tl/llli/ll,/ii?III/l/llle//;111111i/,,

, :. . .,. .t. •-k ' /- -{ .-1 ,!,,ll:,:ei,!!.re.li.klllls,b,a,i:dlx'lls,li.k'iljlas:tl•"s',xilkims1/ilkc,;gedi:;.;.k`lei.vhel:ll,1"l,,!te•,,.i.i.,i,",' l...''11111'

'be"on`'ib" ;6o2(.t.iitihe-

-.v..

.iliai`",,/9i/ilfll{llilil.",.es/iP,"eiii,Iiffil6Jd,..,b."Sl':.`dtOr,''"

w,.he

.Tel' yif, the density of 'Ilhe iialrlnllillip, E2;sSbt9•g3atotnie -gs ,ueight, //)',i6'ltbe,. ".S. I6`'iii" a'ie6 ab•' '.,,,li/111'i'i"Ill/i/Iili;/1;/4

By the 6ase of e this reduces to e.rs. Afs. for the eontiibutiQn //.tt' m' 'the'i'imet vlvhth' ;111i•l.l,

X.begti:pebi....`.,',.219 •IY.'...I:i,:gigPdE.tY.q;lhl2e ignbliib:•iX:E/,.f;.on,ilheB..oui,t8il? mp S?.'i9"' t? /.,'••i''`'/,'i,r;,•ili

't'ce bcc

Bites A B --ne--vL-L.ve,-.,- "-t. . ,-.---v.-. in -.+ - . ... -- ,t -"-t -. ---.; .. ..t . -.--= --+

" a5ak 422 6sg c-,IH'v.-=.r H . t.

IY

.D}-.- - ,.,--- ,i.-- - e---..s-kl----th---

148 tte

,tt

t

.,,

-,s•'

..t/.. '"f

Tct,ble S'"•}L•

-. ' ' tttt

1'

e1etrient

Table B-2.g-.h. undancE,

cu63

65,r. Cu -t-"' l95 ft --------.-N--- " A.197 - yt t,nyt,.-". 27 Al

6g.1 lo

Numrical z"

3/2 "

3/2-'. 's ' ,.. t. tttt- t. -t- t, ,

1/ 2 ' 5/2ttt . 5/2'

values <nm)1,4.

'

used in ae AV

the)

e&lcmlation AcaJ'c

( fCCJ>

Csite B > .

'30.9'r. w- -bu--tT.t,

. ." 3! :7

1oo

loo

:221232s6s } 3.6oB

"--td"rt-ig-""-""-'t'' "''"-'- ''

+e.6os S.916 tt F. t+t tt

+O.1449 4.orOtt - --• •- -•-+3oM14 4.oc

3.2 ' '

kllz

"" ' '-;" --te'. -..-t-.--

O.52 ' -' tt tt t -''ls't.- .,'-c/.A- --- -',}, +-r",'l's'T,-e-NL '

O.14 " '' tt ' ' ' - '--''-r t- ' de. ,.v ,.,.".t ...tb--b''

3g4 ,• '

,

tt t

..

)e SgeoiLa- ;al nj t9ve..`gcnta wt

f

t''

tt•

/l

.-, .. .F "•

t t.t it ' . t/ .tt ,' t S' 'lv't LtT .

' ,., ' '1 1-. ''1/ '/ ''

t' '' , . .'A .S t t// lt ttt ttt

,.kl

evt '' /. ., .,., v,, ' " ,.

t. ,.1•J ttt.- ..-. il .,L. ..i,. : .

tt pt' '' t'"

-t t. -. s.t. .'Ht 1.t' .. It ttt. ttr t t. tttt / t/t. 'L' .' .. tLrV" ' 'f 't't 't"

"t ' tt tt tt ' ' tt. ,: ,, .t . tt tt t.ttt tttt

' ,u.1 .;, , ... a ,,. ,1 ,t.,

,it,-t-,. -.- .tttl.- . ,, - ,--

, -g.1// l.11.'.',/11i''i:i-l'i';if'

, .,•i. ,,, .,••N l- •'' l '' /"'' r. t-.,'

'' ,. s, th ::411/'s'." i14"S'i .•"il'/[,lf.i//'tllL:'

L. " 1 "t' 't ,.-- ,, ,1 ,-e, •.-, "•" '' 11Il, . 11 ";,

tf,.L .-{l

. ., ,,,l,,t' ilt

•L 'ti tt/ 'F tt ;t t.t ' l':: ' ' /tt l ,t ..

///•I ,Fp aj ;..

,. ,i .g.a

•r.ili.,' .{iV

/t-=r ). -.-, - .,ltt-

v. .. 'S't - .. -.

., 1,) .;- ,.•u• . ' '.sg ' tttj ' tt.tt r, Nk.-. -tt ' tt ' ;'' 'fF •l•41 ti

•if•l"t iiii

tt- ..t .A tt . '11nt tttt : .,.,. g .'"li:t"si'k'tt

'Table B-3 Nurnerical values used in the

"N

calcu]ation (bcc)

"t- . - v .-.

Aeaic(stte c )

B-Z,. "

element abundance Il' ( nn > a( Ae)

Nb93

95Itfo

onno

Ta181

ls3w

, O•;, •i 3

92.9

15.7

9.5

99e99

14 .4

9/2

5/2'

5/2'

7/2

1/2

+6.!67

S,l9,li3}

+2.36

+O.Il7

15..

5.

29

i4

3.30

3.16

'ldiZ5.5

O.51,

l.94'

O.064

iii

'

'" b." 'r'r -''' - .,, l"-. .:Apl)en• dix c Resonmt 'destruction of poiarization • ' "Lkll.1,,I"";' ;ii';'llll,.,/ ,''rll':'''/;, 1: /.,1,l

abe>am::ill6'iilii:nl,!,"f{g,iieCIil/fili,i:iililiili.til}b/L."S,jllhj,i",",,',,"io"4-ga"d`"ioAt,.iA//":g.iia''ydi :

ni za '(';tl!(s') {i-expL-2t'tt})} 2i,.oDxp{-">Nt,-) ".

. t. -".and at the end of cooUng ti!.T)e t2 they redvee,' tO be . ,.L tt - ' Mz2=Mzleexp(-Lt2) .' .• ' t. , n2 =nl g.Jtp<-At2) •• , '. ., i, ..Pinally at tkin t3 range

t tt Mz(.t)nMz2 exp(-Lt) ' : ' '', ', . ' n(t) =n2exp(- Xt)• . '' L ' 'Then the polarization to be obseaTved is p':e,/j )C5!AP t!tCt) dt)/C511i?knCtl dt)' ' •'' /,, '/' .•,.

Asimple ca!culation gives tlbeopat.ion. 5.11. i'• ..

.. b) Senerae cq,d2.. , •' •` ,p-tliieitxi.ate:tsi-,"t,Axt};,li;p--(j:;'Gta)i,ilcr,!,Sfk'li4.i;,li/l%f,3.:i•:Rkw}}'';-

XE J•'-- c?,mtrp."tkOi>{l--ee(?(-Att)L),e7cr(-AtD{1-wt-Jt(s)}(ztd"a);)St

)(,- S lcv-kÅ} C2A"k.rtrj7->2+k,)e-(l<tettAXkt•A>,

#.`.:iek+P•+(2Zt'k'+4.)2 ekFY

{t eec?("tt,)}/B

<lr-+k.+)x>{tw -t(ztitke)N>b}e,tp(Zvt))•t-CxtTl'kttA)i]tk,auttut}l)

xAlg&ca-z)S • '.' ii.?..}({.Lia,(q+lt,+X>b}LgmpaiW-Uptk,+pt-t)t,Ahj{rtf(xAW)7(icv-)2-)- ,Y ,

a-{(h-tAmep.e.)+;!k,(?S?/27Yf,"R"er(k,+A](fe-tA)iie '.-• ''1

St trb=liih,(?,e--?.o)ter,tA?(p-72.,g?]/{,-v-ik.R.-(R+tAXk-Å}A)Y . '•

ti,2tz ,t3i ae;d't. a2e det2ha{ 7ia '177'. 3-/. ' .. 27rde 7r( Rb lt--> .erv

ik eB`"sU:on 4-/s th funeen-U"9:vg B'u, P/Pe '"T<R.)he)• ,,'.'•

v-

it-

' '

tr.ti"- -",

liiillil/ii'Ii'i"'l'///1/i/1/•;ii--i'L/'/tli/ilg',e:c:.,kiig•:•:g/:kk•fi•isi:,kh:.serts-iti::i•,t•;,iill'llX'"ll'iLts"/kil/;';ill••::.111/'ll'iii'iiilii'lii/I//lilllli.'i"/111//li/11111'I•'iill'illiii•lllLlllll///;

" •...is sat,.i.sfied ttarther apprQximation other than the equation 4iin20 is unngg.ces?ary,,in CY.}l..l,ie, ] .. ' .,/.,.;,/. ':.,i

caLeptation ctf. the center peak; the polmlations reiated to .e transitieqtot the, Miei,i, i . .1. -''.;..I..1

t- can be comple,ge3y equaiized. 'rt the guitabie intensity es, thi rt' iingrre{lc .,fxiet,}g is .' ' ,.•1'f,;L,,/lt-""/,'

tt jt :/hieC.',e,:,X.hi.",e:llllll`:llg'.','.il.,8,ali:'gilifi':2:.l,.ea,,.:1.Vi.t"ll'l;il]9,!,l::,:•,U,i,.',.,/Sittt•:l/:l.i.)•tt'•1.:l'llll::'"it,.i'1•.,lll>iii

' beepase ef the dipolar broadenihg,• and •• t.heze the equalizAtion i"1'?a. nlY.. , Par.F\SIS,,., ,OS,.,pa, ,i '•1i.i

, ,. ipitial population differenoe. To takp the effects oqtside ,the,!p.6d"},)S. Sion .mpI slmply 1' .' "'l//

','into 'de ealeulation, the follcnring approximation is made fdrsthe paiarizatton'cbang, e. '

/ t. t/t t+/ tt t- s- /. .ii.,i.i•l•.::;Y},I',NtAt,',k,Zl,:/iTi/tllV,i{.11,ii],?.ll.l"/rp111h,a,:illZl,'il8i//,:,i:,IP,:/Ll.!iil.,:lii•iis•i'1,.-liiillliiilliillllii,

' ' ' ' '' . -,1 ',•,'. .x'f• ' 1 ' wtere Tl(,<1, u..,.a-? =T'(.,u, ,u.+,u.)e -r'g,u,.<,?c +jv. >. ,'`' .1"'1 i. '''l ' . ,,

- -il 'i!111IfSe::ltl:est,htef.IliPrii:'IXI!utha.ti:.hi:heCO:llGtenevdalunelYisOUdteSci:Iaill:liMe:d:t!ratngenTfÅé):t?itlt:iii/llllheal'IL,''''1"'1'lllii

tr the lar'rnoAr fr'equencUyLAis not covered bs the moduie{i'on rang6, orre fti.it. thtl'r'iVo ,iftSl.''1./ '' "'

' ,transitions within the range rvrust be sero and Tt( ,U) `<Z+ JUA).. i.s zero. 'T','i:. -f, .. "' '.t

S -:' 't l' .. F'.. ,4•• .:... ,,lp thss case the caiculation becomes cOrr- eet One. ,' ...' '-',./,, .'..•r,'1/i

!f tbe center of tbe modulation range is coincide to the larTnopt dnyr.g/.guency the k+ . •ii

,,. and k.. .tiece Vhe eame velue and,,the equation of polariseation change (eq.1-IE) redu9!l.8,/2/?, .,' "

Ll',,,tthe eq.,3..r,l.1 vhich is ueed fer the ealculation of the line shape of dipoles brmpinfF.1,t ., - -. .,J//

rn.this•cace al-,.over thb range Qatside the modulation ibust be take"' inbo tll.P,, !PP.r(xxJl,ifPiESI,;4eq,.,.. ,'1

that the dtfference of the calcuiated value iroMthe tr!Je MUI9t be greateBt.,i,a,ty pm. , tl.iE.,.g,,. ''i

'•' t,pas, the quadrupole vidth is far wide compared with the medulatiOn riPItFF,,, and Yith ,.the .'//,1.)i. .

' aspglar btoedening, the goodness of the apprcmcimation can be esttubed by atmbriCal ". ,;,' .,,/ 'tticu)atibp,. iri)e ffi line shape in the experinent !mist beLIP)biii4SIJ) in the,'equatior}ti"`'ì8 S'1iill"

i,,,,,,ll•l8,,,?P. •f,,,'".e.•'g,'iA. ,.111,.9,. I'/i•.1../I. ,'T, itl,i]rr,l..r. be diffe'e:.gT "'om tiie f{p. {,pxpa`'o'}''is tfi,tt,,rfti/j,,l.f//f',:,'iL.i/l

tt-

' ' - /;" 1'1focording to the nunerical caleulation by using a eo!nputor, an exampie of tl-e cqleulation

.i'sil"shown ifi giable D-1. This ts simulated to the eaESe cf 12B in Ta. By the case

' 'narrchost. range was 15 kHz and the abeolute difference becomes 'v O.3 a/o which is ineluded

;.lf.tk,;.$,.;,.`Y,sr..pe.;ill,lll,tak;r,Xr"es"di'h/leg%n;Zi.kl:lll,iii.i:/L•1ilidi:ih,/i:.'/:"li!,Il:"iel21i.:.l`,khe,,.'.•'•

'' ''' '`' .'Dteolar brmuning. 1.6 )rHz ''' podulation vidt} sround the I,armoPr ffe-qUency. " 4',..:-ttil}t-)f3!T:t::9tfajliFill!iiiE[Zli,kHz cA?.,sp,)/ep:.

r,.,, ., ,•.. ,- eo2 ' el' • T.btc D--N '' 15 t '.: 7i . .. ,

.i-.1. .ro ., ' ,.. 1.' ll•1' s '". ,i"...1, , '{9.iS.., ',,. , .11 '' li l'i• .•4o ,-. .., ,. .). , . , .tl'"' -' ' "' '' ,,r '. '1 .'. '... •-f . , . ,r" y. ';. -k, ' '' . ,.t l. .v, ', ,.1 1 t.t

Appendix E

RecoU Rarige Spectrun

The rate of the energy loss of a charged particle whose energy is a few hundred

keV / nucleon or below, ean be approximated as follows by considering, effective charges

of the particle during its flSEfiÅí:)

, .m. •flxa--kvcii' • •. • . vwhere k is a constant determined by the atomic numbers of the paTticle and the host

medium, and by the mass weights. A particle produced at the depth x and ejected from

'1 the target as`•shoun in Fig. E-i has energy,'' . EN(x) -* (2VrE. --- kz )2 '

' where Eo is the initial energy. Then the energy spectrurn of the particles ejected'to ' a diiection'can be written by assuming a

hornogeneous production rate through'l.' the

E(x) target depth,

. Incident

Particie

/ x/ Tar

T Reaction

x Recoiltl', ,,Parti.gJe.,,

z

R

'' pt

This

the

Itl

result shows

distribution

ref. Ann.

,J -g ., ;.

I

,:, .r • "r

that the

equa]s almost

Rev. Nue.

s(e-`ge.Kki71.lt.-,

On the other hand the range of' a particle with

energyE in the stopper is, '' R- ,le,;•--i!'E . .

Thus the range spectmm isÅ}(k)o< (5(E)dE)/dR == ek-ptl---vF"<k!lfE) '. Ili/L .

recoii nuclei spread in the recoil stopper, and the width of

to the target thicknesis.

Sci. U(l966).

vu

'

tt . ' ' ' jj- . . EAxPi9illldi l, Fpo'ints of Eiectrie potentiai in bcc crystai '''i

• 1:".l,- 4•'Whert i( light elements are implanted in a heavy metal, theY. sit in the interstitial.

The captured elements may Probably be ionized in the host mediurn. If they do not bond • , ' with the hoet elernent) they mey sit at the site where no eleetrie fieid ie expoated; ,

z,ieihn:.l;gs'glki i.ak,zl 2.:x:ge,, ;a.l.:e,g ,xrg ,1s.r.ge•f.illolng.i;zg :'ao:.a:gug,gh.2:.ls:.t::ìon ,i,

' free. The variation of the eiectric potential cap be estimated by considering nearest •, '-". ...-.rw... H'.' neighbours. The electrie potential at ' '

.a.v:,'- ,e'x '•,' •vcu:(ii2"{Sf+tt+t"/}'/f...",..-"t..--.-":-g••i-i--••--J---•••s-• ' 11o/L•/a/J'o'iliiilllll:'Y,:.l.llllll:;ir.:I/ekot2n'.t-.-tya;,i;ixi"`,,f,,,'i'1

+lil.i:iii-.i}-m-----+nt.liS.,,i.+}' i•iil''

:h,e,g.e,:.:"i.gs.kh:x. :.ne.,

.g"ii'i'iti.,'s';k'g.ei:fii.Ii'iiieii;11Ill'11:l'IIii:,l.i.'l,li.i`ff,v,;fii?tiz"'

1le'171eer,fiolg.i•,ill/i/',,

:•' '' , .. ' 1 --' ,..'•.1 •'.•'' ,1' •••1:•iiilll'i

tt t '' ., ' ,' ''' :1+ ll' , ,, •• •1 •1•

' 1 ' viii '1'

oxl,

'

.a/"

l

g

wut ,, -{

Appendi.xG Mow chart dnt a an al.y si s, p ro g. ram

ot' the

Matn flew chart

Datain

bataMot.

m,nin

,6jkt,pti,,z,D

Paraneter'in•-''.

A

..2Caic.,?s.

x2,x?rintou+t

CurveRthPlott.

s

IX

't'

',) -; J-'-

( A)

i =ll.

j .v.1

]=ebette

ftN; no 6o

yes

o (i (-m no

yes o< jÅín

yes

no

ei, Ltl>j

aJ-=-n

i=i-1

Klij :

Jalc.

rc4,"ij)-Calo.-

ApijtJalc.

j=j-1

ZA -?ijRth Caic.

f, xCaic.

k=k.X

x

x.

(

t-t

,

t

,r-

l

'- •' k

.,

,,lZlllkiii•T,f,l,:. di

ADp(' n, d j x H Mow chart of theaccum u] ation F• ro tt ram

data

?ro tr r cctm

vJtart

XY MotterSettiner

Start Comm. PL? useno

yes

jcaler?resett

x

{f Cycleb,igna1

6 no

in

joalerStart

H. f rfData :n

7jC PresettOve rflowSignal 6rÅí CycleSignal

yes

OFWno

in

SO Stop RtsData Ont

no

titart Comm. Pauseno

Plott . ftes

yest

DataH•T P

into'

SJ

ScaiarPreset

titart

in

x

6 rf Cycle a4 e--A1

t ttft

/i

,

e

•mppendix

1)

2)

5)

4)

•r ' Details ot the Present Experirnental System

'Progrurtatsea Timr

rf OscUlator 'Resondnee Amplifier for rf Field

'Beam hiser

r x

'

xi

o ProgrammedTimer

q :..N

Å~

HH•

uv

uv

uv

uv

eno ff

start

stop

Beam Cycle

Beam Putser @

Scalar ControtO( Gate )

.MV

uvFF

Mu lti vi brator

Univibrator

Flip Ftop

Coincidence

FF

FF

FF

rf on, off

Scalar

Shaper

@Control @

s/$es .

.t.t:N

:

2-> rf oseiUater

oscl eAToR•on l

ToeKWLVes

4.. b -"---I

(A) l

t

-.+ 'Vr 2g'

t

lbO lii' K tOKb

iSFD }

? lillpiF

scK

lmH

ll

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Documents

Title Quadrupole Effects in NMR Spectra on Short-Lived ²-Radioactive Nuclei, 12B and 12N Author