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TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION Plataforma de Oncología Unidad de Radioterapia 13-enero-06 Carcinoma vejiga Estrategias en tumores localmente avanzados

TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

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Page 1: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION

Plataforma de OncologíaUnidad de Radioterapia

13-enero-06

Carcinoma vejigaEstrategias en tumores localmente avanzados

Page 2: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

TNM

Page 3: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Punto de partida

• Tratamiento estándar: cistectomía• Alternativo: preservación• Supervivencia: 50% a 5 años

30% a 10 años– T2: órgano confinado– T3: extensión extravesical– T4: heterogéneo– Enfermedad ganglionar

• Patrones de fallo– Fallo local: 20-25%– Metástasis: 40-70%

Stein et al. JCO 19: 666, 2001

Page 4: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Abordaje en ca. vejiga localmente avanzado

•Cirugía conservadora•Cistectomía parcial

•Cirugía radical (cistectomía radical)•Heterotópica•Ortotópica•Quimioterapia de inducción/adyuvante

•Tratamiento conservador•Radioterapia•Quimioradioterapia

Page 5: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Estrategias en carcinoma avanzado (tto conservador)

RTUInducción

QT neoadyuvante

Valoración Respuesta

Tratamiento local Quimiorradioterapia

Valoración Respuesta

Cirugía

Consolidación Quimiorradioterapia

Quimimioterapia

Page 6: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Protocolos de la RTOG

Page 7: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

RT radical (Universidad de Erlangen)

• Erlangen. 10 años de experiencia (IJROBP 30: 261, 1994)• 245 pacientes• Dosis max: 56 Gy (min: 50.4 Gy)• QT: CDDP 25 mg/m2 w1-w5/CBCDA 65 mg/m2 (n=139 p)• SV@ 5 años: 47%• Factores pronóstico más importante TURB

– R0: 81% 74%– R1: 53% 21%– R2: 31% 17%

• 79% preservación de vejiga• 40% vivos con vejiga funcionante

Page 8: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

RTU y supervivencia

R-status after TURB was the only independent prognostic factor for survival and bladder preservation.For relapsed patients after cystectomy, the 5- and 10-year CSS were 40 and 33%.

Sauer et al. Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys 40: 121, 1998

Page 9: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Probabilidad de enf. a distancia. Experiencia del MGH

T2

T3-4

< 5 cm

> 5 cm

Estadio Tamaño

Page 10: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

QT neoadyuvante

3 ciclos MVAC

Page 11: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring
Page 12: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

• 2 ciclos de MCV (QT neoadyuvante) no demostraron un beneficio en la tasa

de CR sobre el brazo control o en aumento del periodo libre de enfermedad

a distancia. Tampoco hubo beneficio en supervivencia.

• Dudoso papel del a QT neoadyuvante.

• Toxicidad.

• Falta de eficacia del esquema.

• Especialmente útil después de R0 y ausencia de hidronefrosis

Page 13: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring
Page 14: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Recidiva de ca. superficial

• Seguimiento riguroso.

• 9-28% recidivaran con un Ca. superficial .

• 1-2 años después.

• MGH: 60% en la zona previa.

• Pieras et al.: 60% en otra zona.

• Su tratamiento no compromete la supervivencia.

Page 15: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Estrategias en la Plataforma

• Cistoscopias (diagnóstico, seguimiento)– Revisión AP, mejorar

• Quimioterapia, qué combinación– Neoadyuvante siempre???

• Consolidación primario (Tóxico)– MCV con RT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!– Diseño de la RT. Vejiga llena

• Tratamiento después de la consolidación• Cistoscopias

– HAL (hexaminolevulinate) cistoscopy. 96% were detected with HAL imaging compared with 77% using standard cystoscopy (J Urol 2005).

• Seguimiento– Marcadores en orina y suero

Page 16: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Factores pronósticos (suero/orina)

• VEGF-C. Relacionados con mts ganglionares (Int J Urol 2005)• p53 suero (Int J Urol 2004)• BLCA-4 en orina. Monitorización (Urology 2005)• HYAL-1/ sICAM-1 en suero u orina (Arch Med Res 2006)• Telomerasa orina (JAMA 2005)• Revisión sistemática (Eur Urol 2005):

– Microsatellite analysis – ImmunoCyt– NMP22 (nomogramas Ca. superficial, J Urol 2005)– CYFRA21-1 (monitorización en suero, J Urol 2005) – LewisX– FISH. UroVysion probe set (Abbott Laboratories), J Urol 2005

Page 17: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Tratamiento combinado. U Erlangen

RTURO si es posible

Radioquimioterapia

Re-evaluación, RTU

Remisión completa

Tumor residualsuperficial

Invasivo

Cistectomía RTU+intravesicalSeguimiento

Superficial Invasivo

Page 18: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Conservación vesical (T2-T3a)

QT

QT

Hiperfracc CDDP, FU, TXLRT radical -QT

Cistoscopia, RTU

RCNo RC

2 ciclos QTCistectomía

Page 19: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Conservación vesical (T3b-T4a)

QT

QT

cistoscopiaNo RC RC

2 ciclos QTRT preop + 2 QT

Cistectomía Re-evaluación

2 ciclos QT 2 ciclos QT + RT radical

Page 20: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Long-Term Survival Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin, with Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Plus Cisplatin in Patients with Bladder Cancer

• 405 patients

• Overall survival was similar in both arms (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.34; P .66) with a median survival of 14.0 months for GC and 15.2 months for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively (P .53).

• Significant prognostic factors favoring overall survival included performance score (> 70), TNM staging (M0 v M1), low/normal alkaline phosphatase level, number of disease sites (or three), and the absence ofvisceral metastases.

• Conclusion: Longterm overall and progression-free survival after treatment with GC or MVAC are similar.

• These results strengthen the role of GC as a standard of care in patients with locally advanced or metastatic TCC.

J Clin Oncol, 23: 4602–4608, 2005

Page 21: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Muscle-invading bladder cancer,RTOG Protocol 99-06:

Initial report of a phase I/II trial of selective bladder-conservation employing TURBT, accelerated irradiation

sensitized with cisplatin and paclitaxel followed by 4 cycles of adjuvant Cisplatin and Gemcitabine chemotherapy.

Page 22: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Inclusion Criteria

• Muscle-invasive bladder cancer• AJC Stages T2 – T4a• No prior chemotherapy or pelvic RT• Cystectomy candidate• ANC > 1800 Platelet count > 100,000• Creatinine clearance > 60 ml/minute

Page 23: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Exclusion Criteria

• Tumor invasion into prostatic stroma

• Tumor-related hydronephrosis

Page 24: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

RTOG 99-06: COMBINED Chemotherapy and BID Radiation Therapy

TURBT Induction Response Taxol, Cisplatin Evaluation and b.i.d. XRT (week 7) (13 days)

CR ConsolidationTaxol, Cisplatin and b.I.d. XRT(8 days in weeks 9 + 10)

<CR Immediate Cystectomy

Adjuvant chemotherapy – 4 cycles, Cisplatin / Gemcitabine

Page 25: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

INDUCTION THERAPY (Weeks 1-3)

AGENTS Day 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17

Taxol 50 mg/m2 X X X

Cisplatin 20 mg/m2 X X X X X X

XRT, bid x 13 days X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Page 26: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

CONSOLIDATION THERAPY (Weeks 8,9)

AGENTS Day 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10

Taxol 50 mg/m2 X X

Cisplatin 20 mg/m2 X X X X

Pelvic XRT, bid x 8 days X X X X X X X X

Page 27: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

OUTPATIENT ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY (Weeks 21-37 or weeks 17-33)

AGENTS Day 1 8 15

Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) X X X

Cisplatin (70 mg/m2) X

Begin 12 weeks post consolidation therapy or 8 weeks following cystectomy. Repeat every 28 days for 4 cycles.

Page 28: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Pretreatment Characteristics (n=50)

Age Zubrod< 60 14 (28%) 0 46 (92%) > 60 36 (72%) 1 4 (8%)

Gender T StageMale 45 (90%) T2 45 (90%)Female 5 (10%) T3a 4 (8%)

T3b 1 (2%)

Visibly Complete TURBTYes 46 (92%)No 2 (4%)

Unknown 2 (4%)

Page 29: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Results 1

Completed protocol 34/47 = 72%

CR after induction 41/47 = 87%

Median follow-up 30 months

Page 30: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Results 4

Estimated Rates

69%80%15Surviving with Bladder Intact

79%88%12Survival

17%10%11Distant Metastases

6%6%4Regional Nodal Failure

18%13%7Local Failure Following Post-Induction CR (n=37)

2-year1-year# FailuresEndpoint (n=49)

Page 31: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

CONCLUSIONS

1. First bladder-sparing study utilizing adjuvant Gemcitabine/Cisplatin

• CR rate = 87% RTOG 95-06 61% RTOG 97-06 74%

3. Protocol completion rate = 72%

Page 32: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

RTOG PROTOCOL 02-33 (Randomized)

TURBT ---> Induction ---> ResponseT vs 5-FU,Cisplatin Evaluationand b.i.d. XRT (week 7)(13 days)

CR ---> ConsolidationT vs 5-FU, Cisplatin and b.i.d. XRT(8 days in weeks 9 + 10)

<CR ---> Immediate Cystectomy

Adjuvant Chemotherapy - 4 cycles, Gemcitabine,Taxol and Cisplatin

Page 33: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

RTOG 05-24: Treatment fornon-cystectomy candidates

Phase I/II- Tolerence and CR ratesChairs: D. Michaelson, A. Pollack, D. Dahl, C-L. Wu

TURBT--->Her-2 stain < 3+---> 65 Gy XRT QDplus Taxol weekly

TURBT--->Her-2 stain 3+---> HERCEPTIN plus65 Gy XRT QDplus Taxol weekly

Page 34: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Ca. vejiga organoconfinado (T2)

RTU

QuimiorradioterapiaCDDP, TXL

Re-evaluación, RTU/orina

Remisión completa

Tumor residualsuperficial

Invasivo

Cistectomía RTU+intravesicalSeguimiento

Superficial Invasivo

Page 35: TITULO DE LA PRESENTACION de vejiga avanzado.pdfmonths for MVAC. The 5-year overall survival rates were 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively(P .53). • Significant prognostic factors favoring

Ca. vejiga extravesical (T3-T4a)

RTU

3 - 4 ciclos

Re-evaluación

QuimiorradioterapiaCDDP, TXL+/- TT

CistectomiaSeguimiento