WS
1) CKD l g? Th no l CKD bn khng kh & CKD thy lc? VD? CKD: l
nhng cht v hp cht c kh nng t rn chc, ng thi lin kt 1 h khc (si v
ht) thnh khi vng chc. CKD bn kk: l cc CKD sau khi trn vi H2O c th
ng rn & bn vng trong mt kk. Ch dng trong th ko c tc dng ca
H2O.VD: thch cao, vi, CKD manhezi CKD thy lc: l CKD sau khi trn H2O
c th ng rn trong kk & tip tc ng rn bn vng trong mt nc. Do c kh
nng ng rng & tng cng trong H2O gi l: CKD thy lc.VD: Vi thy lc,
XM cao nhm, XM x, XM Puzolan, XMP2) Clinker XMP l g? Thnh phn pha
ca clinker XMP? 4 khong chnh? Clinker XMP: l bn thnh phm trong
qtrnh SX XMP, c SX = cch nung kt khi hh ngliu t nhin nh vi, t st
& qung st vi thnh phn tnh trc. Thnh phn pha/khong: Alit (40
60%): l dd rn ca khong gc C3S (3CaO.SiO2) vi cc oxit khc (MgO,
Cr2O5), thc t c hiu l C3S, g rn nhanh, ta nhiu nhit, dng th hnh cn
trg clinker l . Belit (15 35%): l dd rn gc C2S (2CaO.SiO2) vi cc
oxit khc, dng th hnh cn l beta-C2S c tnh kt dnh, t ta nhit khi ng
rn, cng tng dn. Tri-canxi aluminat C3A (3CaO.Al2O3) (4 14%): g rn
nhanh, ta nhiu nhit, ko bn trg mt xm thc. Alumo-ferit C4AF
(4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3) (10 18%): d ha tan trong H2O, t ta nhit, chu n
mn tt, g rn nhanh to cng b nhng ko cao. Pha tt trong clinker (15
25%): pha lng cn thit nung luyn clinker, khi lm ngui nhanh, pha lng
thnh pha tt (hot tnh cao) c cc vt nt t vi gip clinker d nghin.3) Tp
ca XMP v XMP hn hp? Gii thch k hiu PC40, PCB50 Clinker: bn thnh phm
trong QTSX XMP: c c = cch nung kt khi hh ngliu t nhin ( vi, t st,
qung st) t0 cao (14500C) sau lm ngui nhanh. PC = PC clinker + ph
gia thch cao (3 5% clinker) PCB = PC + cc ph gia khc: pg y, pg hot
tnh (20 40%) PC40: Mu chun XMP k chun c cng nn ko di 40 MPa, tng
400 kG/cm2. PCB50: L XMP trn vi ph gia khong hot tnh vi mc 50
MPa.4) Tn, vai tr, tc dng ca cc ngliu & ph gia thng dng SX XMP.
Nguyn liu: vi CaCO3: Cc CaO, u l oxit c hlng cao I trong clinker
XMP, nn tp ha ca ngliu cc CaO ng vai tr quyt nh ti vic la chn cng
ngh. t st: Cc ng thi SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cc loi qung cha st (qung
pirit st FeS2; x st, boxit): Cc Fe2O3, nhm to pha lng cn thit cho
qu trnh nung luyn clinker & to khong C4AF. Ph gia: l nhng ngliu
khc nhm ci thin 1 s t/c no ca XM. Ph gia hiu chnh thnh phn: ct,
boxit: dng khi tph ngliu t nhin ko ph hp vi yu cu ra, thgia vo qu
trnh bin i phi liu thnh cliner. Ph gia gim tc ng rn: Thch cao: ko
th thiu trong CNSX XM. Ph gia hot tnh thy lc: puzolan, cc loi t ni
la: khi trn vi XMP s to hh CKD c tnh thy lc. Ph gia y: bt vi, bt :
gim gi thnh SP, ko lm hi cc t/c c bn ca XM. Ph gia x l cao: ph thi
ca nhiu ngnh CN (luyn kim, ha cht, NL): trong tp c cc khong c hot
tnh cao, v c cc khong c tnh kt dnh, gim nhim, tit kim NL.5) Nhng
TSKT qtrng I ca XMP? YN, vai tr, yu t h ca mi thng s.1. Kh nng ng
rn: l t/c qtrng I v qtrnh thi cng. Qt bt XMP t dng h va do to thnh
khi rn chc gi l qt ng rn v qt to cng ca XMP. Qt ng rn XMP c th chia
thnh 2 g: g ninh kt & g ng rn tip tc.2. Mc xi mng: l TSKT qtrng
I nh gi cht lng s dng ca XMP. Mc ca XM l cng chu nn ca mu chun lm t
XM. 3. v: l m ca 1 v V XMP nghin thnh bt; l TSKT x rt n gin nhng
mang tnh ng dng cao, cho php nh gi nhanh cht lng XMP; tp khong, mn,
m ca XMP.4. : l 1 trg nhng ch tiu qtrng /gi cht lng kt khi ca
clinker XMP ( mc kt khi & bn c ); ph thuc tp khong ca clinker
XMP.5. mn (S b mt ring) bt XM: XM phi c mn ln c tc p hydrat ha cn
thit to nhng khong cho XM cng 6. MKN: Ktra MKN do phn hy lng d
CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 trong clinker, CaSO4.2H2O trong XMP cho ta thng s v
cht lng ca chng.7. n nh V: XM sau ng rn cn n nh V, ngha l ko b co
dn trong sut qt s dng. Bin i V qu ln v ko u: nt v cu kin. 8. Lng
H2O tiu chun: l lng H2O cn XM to thnh va c do tiu chun l lng H2O cn
cho qt hydrat ha cc khong XMP & to do cn thit cho qt thi cng to
hnh; tpk, mn, lng & loi ph gia XM.9. Lng vi (CaO) t do v MgO t
do: l lng CaO, MgO cn d, ko thgia cc p trong qt nung luyn clinker
XMP; l ch tiu qtrng nh gi cht lng clinker XMP, th hin mc hon thin p
nung luyn clinker.10. Nhit ta ra khi ng rn: h ti sp thy ha cc khong
XMP, gy s nhit lm nt v, cht lng cng trnh; tpk, mn, chng loi &
hm lng ph gia XM.11. bn ha: l kh nng chng li tc nhn AM ca XM trong
qt s dng; tpk, tph, mt khi , chng loi, hm lng ph gia, mt AM (mt
kim, sunfat)12. Thi gian bo qun, s dng: XM sau khi SX nu ko c bo
qun tt s lm thay i cc thng s k thut nh v hay hot tnh b mt khi xp
chng cao nn p ln nhau, gim hot tnh hay cng 6) Cc pp SX XM; u nhc im
ca mi pp?Phn loi theo m ca phi liu khi a vo l nung VN: PP kh (<
1%): l quay l pp ch yu trn TG & VN Nhm tng hiu qu trao i nhit
mc cao I trong l quay nung Cc qtrnh bin i ha l ca phi liu kh xy ra
ch yu pha rn, c thc hin trong cc tb c bit (h thng trao i nhit kiu
treo). Phn p pha lng thc hin nt trong phn l quay. Nhc: trc y, cht
lng c thp hn pp t u: L quay gim bt chiu di ( 60 80m), NL tit kim hn
so vi pp t, vn mt d gii quyt hn.
PP bn kh ( 12 18%: dng vin): vi tb nung l l ng (XM l ng) Phi liu
c v thnh vin (10 20mm), w = 12 16% cho vo nung trong l ng. Nhin liu
than cng c to vin (2 5mm) chung ln vo vin phi liu. Nhc: Cht lng
clinker thp, km n nh, NS thp, nhim mt. u: Vn u t thp, d thay i cng
ngh, d thi chng loi sp.
PP t (18 45%: dng bn past): l quay Phi liu c nghin t dng bn
(past, w 45%) i vo l quay t u pha trn, tri qua 1 lot bin i ha l:
sy, t nng, phhy t st & cacbonat canxi, kt khi & lm ngui
nhanh thnh clinker. p dng khi ngliu khai thc b c w cao, ngliu cc
CaO ko cng, d to huyn ph khi nghin t. Nhc: L phi di mt nc, NL tiu
tn cao, mt ko m bo u: Cho XM c cht lng cao do qtrnh nghin t cho mn
& ng I phi liu cao.7) V & thuyt minh quy trnh CNSX XM theo
pp kh & pp t l quay (di)8) Cng ngh & cc thit b SX XM ph bin
I hin nay? Cng nh: SX XM theo pp kh, l quay (gii thch) Thit b: tb
trao i nhit kiu treo, l quay, thit b bung t calciner, tb lm ngui
kiu ghi, tb lc kim (gii thch, m t s lc tng thit b)
9) Vai tr, v tr cc cng on ng I trong CNSX XM. Thng dng thng s no
gi mc ng I? Pp ng I trong silo cha bt phi liu (cu ny cha sa li :p,
m chc khi) Vai tr, v tr: Cc ngliu c sy, nghin, trn vi nhau thnh 1
hh ng I v tph, mn, m Gip p to cc khong trong clinker thun li ti mi
im, tng cht lng XM. nh gi mc ng I (M): Thng x theo chnh lch hm lng
CaCO3 (v CaO) gia cc khu vc khc nhau vi tgian trn v chnh lch hlng
trc & sau khi trn. Thng trc khi trn mc chnh lch l 2%, sau trn l
0.2% v 0.15% Tn ti 1 tgian trn ti u, ti thi im , mc ng u ko tng c,
d tg trn tng. Cc pp ng nht: PP ng I = chuyn dch: khi lng CaCO3 dao
ng ln ng nht bng silo nhiu ngn: khi d tphn tng i nh ng nht lin tc
trong silo vi bung khuy trn (hnh nn v tr): khi ng nht phi liu cao ,
ngha l qua ng I s b.10) Qu trnh bin i khi nung luyn clinker XMP Sy
(< 2000C): Tch nc vt l t nng (200 6500C): Tch nc ha hc ca cc
khong st Phn hy cc tp cht hu c trong t st, phn hy pyrite st FeS2.
Bin i th hnh ca - quac quac khong 5730C Phn hy cacbonat (650
10000C) Cc bin i xy ra pha rn. Phn hy cacbonat CaCO3 CaO + CO2 (870
9000C) Phn hy cc mui cacbonat khc nh MgCO3, dolomite CaO hot tnh
cao d p vi cc oxit hot tnh ca t st (SiO2, Al2O3, cc siliat canxi)
Kt khi (1000 14500C) Pha lng do cc hp cht eutectic nc t0 tng: pha
lng tng to k kt khi clinker & cc khong cn thit. Khong C3S c to
thnh trong lng pha lng nh s ha tan C2S & CaO tdo trong pl. 1000
- 11000C: to pha lng 1200 - 13000C: hnh thnh C2S1300 - 13500C: C3S
hnh thnh mnh trong pha lng1400 - 14500C: C3S hnh thnh trong pl
nhiu, lng ph thuc lng pha lng, linh ng ca pha lng. Lm ngui (1450
12500C) Lm ngui nhanh (pp bn vt l): Phn pha lng ko kt tinh s to pha
tt trong clinker, pha tt ny c cc vt nt, to c tinh th nh mn d nghin,
d thgia p sau ny. Gip hn ch 2 p ko cn thit: C3S C2S + CaO (12500C)
- C2S -C2S (6750C) Tp pha gm 4 khong chnh () & pha tt, ngoi ra
cn c cc khong CaO, MgO d.11) Nguyn l hot ng ca my nghin ng & my
nghin bi, ss u nhc im, v tr s dng trong CNSX XMP? MN: Phi liu c
nghin nh khi i qua khe bnh nghin & mm nghin di t/d ca lc p F
& lc mi xit do c quay tng i gia bnh nghin & mm nghin. MNB:
Thng quay khin phi liu v bi nghin quay theo, n mt cao nht nh, bi ri
xung. phi liu c nghin mn nh lc p ca bi nghin, lc mi xit gia bi bi,
bi tm lt, bi phi liu SS: MN: C th nghin ngliu w cao (ti 20%), MNB
trong pp kh thng dng cho ngliu c w 8%. Do d thng kh, NL nghin c th
sy kh ngliu ( 10% sau nghin). Khi kt hp dng kh thi (t0 ti 3000C)
thnh h thng sy nghin lin hp, hiu qu sy rt cao. Do phn ly tt, NL tiu
tn ring nghin < hn MNB iu chnh c ht khi nghin d hn MNB. Chi ph
vn hnh v thay th hao mn t hn MNB. MNB: nghin ng thi trn ht rt mn,
ng nht cao vi kl ln. Xu hng kt hp c 2 my nghin. V tr: nghin ngliu,
nghin clinker XMP.12) S khc bit gia nghin phi liu v nghin xi
mng?Nghin phi liuNghin XM
Sy nghin lin hp (dng kh nng) K/t ht ln hn Sy phi liu Nghin phi
liu gip ng nht phi liu v tph, mn, m, tng b mt tip xc gia cc ht
nguyn liu, to k cho p to khong khi nung. Nghin trn clinker vi PG
K/t ht nh mn hn Lm ngui my nghin (= cch phu sng): Trnh mt nc ca
thch cao khi nghin clinker nghin mn clinker vi PG nhm to s ng nht
gia clinker & PG (nu nghin chung vi PG), gip t mn cn thit thgia
p vi H2O & ng rn, trong , k/t ht h ln n bn c ca XM
13) Vai tr ca h thng cyclone trao i nhit SP (c h thng tch kim:
by-pass) trong CNSX XM pp kh. V ng i ca phi liu v kh nng trong ton
b h thng l. H thng trao i nhit: tit kim NL nhit ca l nung clinker
XMP pp kh. H thng tch kim: gim hl kim trong clinker, ng thi gim hl
kh SO2, Cl2, kh thi sch hn bo v thit b l quay, tng cht lng XMP
14) Theo pp kh, c th mc phn hy cacbonat = cch bc cyclone c ko?
Nguyn l cu to bung phn hy cacbonat? Vai tr & ngha ca n trong
CNSX v mt. OK nhng c gii hn & phi kt hp vi nng t0 cyclone (900
10000C). Ngl: Kh nng (gi 3 t tb lm ngui clinker) thi vo bung p theo
phng tip tuyn vi bung, to dng kh xoy. Bt phi liu t trn xung, t0
8000C, gp dng kh xoy nng trao i nhit, nng n t0 phhy CaCO3. Bt phi
liu trong bung p ch dng tng si, tg lu ht trong tb tng. Sau , sp p
kh & ht phi liu rn cng ca ra khi bung phn hy: ht phi liu i vo l
quay, kh nng i vo cyclone bc 4.
Vai tr, ngha: Cng l 1 bc trao i nhit, nhng mc chnh lch gia bt
phi liu & kh nng ko ng k. Thg lu ca cc ht CaCO3 vng t0 xy ra p
phn hy = cch k/t bung, hm lng O2, k/t ca thot liu thng kh CO2 &
phi liu sau khi phn hy t CaCO3 hiu sut phn hy cacbonat (90 95%),
nng sut ring ca l quay.15) Ti sao cn phi lm ngui nhanh clinker XMP?
xem cu 1016) clinker l g? Ti sao cn phi clinker? : l g hon thin
xong qtrnh lm ngui clinker trc khi nghin mn vi cc ph gia thnh XMP.
Thgian khong 7 10 ngy. Nguyn nhn: Khong - C2S p vi hi nc phn ra
trc, ko lm hi XMP Clinker ra khi tb lm ngui nhanh c t0 cn cao, kh
nghin, lm mn tb nghin. Clinker t0 cao d lm ph gia thch cao mt nc lm
chm thi gian ng rn. Silo clinker c th trn cc m nung n nh cht lng
clinker, h hl CaO & MgO t do ti mc cho php.17) iu kin chun b
than lm nhin liu. K Than lm nhin liu c sy kh, nghin mn trong tb
ring trc nung. Khi chun b than lm nhin liu, cn ch nhng gii hn phng
than n. w b ca than la chn ch sy hp l: t0 sy ko qu 3500C, t0 kh
thng 1200C, t0kt 700C T0 kk dng nn, vn chuyn bt than ko qu cao. Ko
sy than kh qu trc khi t. W than sau sy 1 1.5%. mn cn t: St sng 200
m: 1 - 2%; st sng 88m: 8 12% Tbi sy: my sy thng quay, my nghin ng.
Tb nghin: MNB, MN18) Gii thch qu trnh ng rn ca XMP (c thm sch) Theo
ho l Cu trc tinh th cc khong bin i trong 1 lot qu trnh ho tan kt
tinh, ti kt tinh to cu trc keo, gel to lin kt bn vng cho khi XM.
Khi cho nc vo XM:1. Cc ht XM ho tan2. Nng cc ion trong nc (dd) tng
dn. Cc hp cht to thnh trong dd.3. Khi dd qu bo ho, cc hp cht kt
tinh li (cc sp hydrat)4. nhng giai on sau, cc sp to thnh trn rt gn
vi b mt cc ht XM ( rt nh) Theo ho hc:Cc khong ca XMP p vi nc to cc
hydro-silict canxi v cc hydro-alumint canxi, y l nhng khong cho va
& XMP cng . C th phn p khong XM vi nc thnh hai loi: Thy ha: l p
vi nc khng dn ti s phn r cht ban u.VD: Thy ha khong C3A, cc tp khc
trong clinker XMP nh CaO/MgO t do Thy phn: qt p vi nc dn ti s phn
hy cht b. VD: Thy phn khong C3S, C2S, C4AF Thng gi gn l qu trnh
hydrt ca XMP. 19) Cu trc ca xi mng? S tng quan gia tnh cht, cu trc
xi mng v c ch n mn, bo v Cu trc XM: Phn b thu ho: Yu t chnh to nn
cng Gel Hydro silicat CSH: Cha tp cht Al2O3, SO3, KL kim R2O Cc
hydro sulfo alumin - fert canxi c thnh phn C3(A,F)2CSO3.14H, kt
tinh dng tinh th nh mn, kch thc 0.1 2m. Cc ddr h C CAS H Cc tinh th
vi thnh phn C3A.S1/2.H5 hoc C3(A,F)2.S.4H (hydro grant) Dng tinh th
Ca(OH)2 k/t t 1 300m (porlandit) & 1 phn dng Ca(OH)2 vh tc dng
vi CO2 to CaCO3. Phn ko b thu ho: lm cht n, gp phn chu tc dng ca
ngoi lc L rng: h xu n cng , nu qu gii hn: cng 0. Gm: L xp dng gel,
k/t 2 4 m. xp gel 28%V. Lx dng gel ko cho nc i qua L xp mao qun,
k/t 1 10 m, xut hin do lng nc d ko cn thit cho qt to gel & p.
Nc c th i qua cc l ny. L kk ln vo khi trn XM v BT. S tng quan gia
t/c, cu trc XM v c ch AM, bo v
20) Cc phng php lm tng cng v tnh chng thm cho xi mng.Theo ngtc:
Cc cht tng cng XMP: lng l xp trong cu trc XMP. Cc cht chng thm cho
XMP: thiu v bt kn cc l xp ca XM. V vy, pp l: Gim l xp trong cu trc
XMP: cn dng lng nc p va S dng PG: PG siu do, PG KHT, PG chng thm (v
c v hu c Polymer) ???21) Cho bit cc tc ng ca CNSX xi mng n mt: Tc
ng xu: Cn kit ti nguyn thin nhin ( vi, t st, , than) nh hng n cnh
quan, mi trng sinh thi Kh thi c: CO, CO2, NOx, SO2 Thi rn: bi v bi
xm, kim loi nng (Cr), gch chu la Thi lng: nc ra thit b cha du m, nc
thi sinh hot lm bn ngun nc sch, cnh quan mt. Rung ng c hc, ting n t
my khai thc, n mn, my nghin, my nn kh Tch cc: Tn dng ph thi ca cc
ngnh khc nh nng lng, ph gia, nhin liu L nung XM c th dmg lm l t rc
thi22) Puzzoland l g? K tn cc loi CKD c s dng Puzzoland Puzzoland:
l nhng vl cha SiO2 vh v cc alumo-silicate c k/t ht rt b, khi c mt m
th phh vi Ca(OH)2 (sp ca qt hydrate ho XM) to thnh nhng hp cht c
t/c ca XM. Cc loi CKD c s dng Puzzoland XMP Puzzoland ???23) Tc dng
ca Puzzoland trong thnh phn XM PCB? Puzzoland c khong AS, trong mt
cht in ly mnh, VD do Ca(OH)2 phly to mt in ly mnh, c th xy ra p hp
th vi gia Ca(OH)2 vi AS hay SiO2 hot tnh, to cc khong bn sunfat
(CxSHn, CxAyHm), cng cho XM. Trong g u, cng ca XMP c puzzoland <
XMP thng, nhng sau 1 thi gian, cng XMP puzzolan XMP: do SiO2 hot
tnh thgia tng tc to khong vi vi to CSH, gip cng XM , lng CaO t do
nhiu, sp n phng bt cc l xp gp phn lm bn nc, bn sunfat cao.c thm:
& khi lng th tch ca XMP puzlan < XMP Lng H2O cn cho XMP
puzlan > XMP, nhit ta ra < hn, co ngt & trng n u . Gi
thnh XMP puzlan thng < XMP: do chi ph nghin PG < nghin
clinker rt nhiu.24) X l cao l g? K tn cc loi x? Cho bit cc ng dng
ca x trong sx CKD. X l cao: L ph thi ca CN luyn kim, ch yu t cc l
nu gang thp; l hn hp pha lng & cc oxit ko p ht, ch yu l phn thu
hi y l, phn ni trn b mt KL nu chy. C nhiu khong c tnh kt dnh: canxi
silicat, alumo silicat & pha tt c hot tnh cao trong CN CKD, x l
cao to dng CKD x ring. X c tnh thy lc. Khi lm PG cho XM: X c lm
ngui nhanh (to pha tt hot tnh) nghin mn (hn XM): c t/d nhit thy ha,
cng cho XM.25) Khi dng cc PG puzzoland, x l cao th t/c ca h va
& XM thay i ntn? Lm chm qt ng rn ca XM do PG lm hm lng XMP, lm
long dd ng rn. lng H2O tiu chun (do S bm ring ln: Puzzoland), lng
H2O s dng (x l cao) Lng nhit ta ra thp hn, co ngt & trng n .
Khi lng ring & khi lng th tch Tng cng cho XM, tng bn ha lng CaO
t do.26) Tp pha, t/c, ng dng ca cc loi XM Alumin? Ngliu & pp sx
XM alumin? XMA: cn gi l CKD thy lc ng rng nhanh, hay XM chu la Tp
pha/khong: CA (qtrng v chim nhiu I), C12A7, CA2, C2S, C2SA T/c: bn
chng sunfat, axit cacbonic & nc cao hn rt nhiu so vi XMP: do
t/d bo v ca gel Al(OH)3. C bn axit t0 cao. Ko bn trong mt kim: v
gel Al(OH)3 d b ha tan. Cc oxit kim trong XMA lm bn XMA: do p vi sp
hydro canxi aluminat. ng dng: XMA thng dng trong cc cng trnh cn a
nhanh vo s dng, lm BT k bng gi, cc cng trnh bn sunfat, cng trnh
bin, XM chu nhit, c th dng lm vlcl27) Qt ng rn & cng ca XMA? Qt
ng rn: p thy phn aluminat canxi CA l p c bn khi ng rn XMA t0 = 20
250C: 2CA + 11H2O = 2C.A.8H + Al(OH)3 t0 > 20 250C: 3CA + 9H2O =
3C.A.6H + 2Al(OH)3 Khong ban u thy ha CAH10 c cng rt cao, sau chuyn
thnh CAH8 Khong CAH6 lm cng XM. bn c sp t0 cao ng k. XMA ng rn
nhanh, thi gian ninh kt ko nhanh. Sau ninh kt, p vi H2O vn xy ra
nhanh, ta nhit mnh, cng nhanh lm t0 xut hin CAH6 cho cng km, to s
nhit c th gy nt v cu kin BT.28) Cc loi CKD trong xy dng khc XMP? Tp
ngliu, ppsx & c ch ng rn? Thch cao: Tp ngliu: T nhin:
CaSO4.2H2O; CaSO4 Sp ph ca CN khc: CNSX mui bin, CNSX axit
photphoricTinh th thch cao c dng tm, mu trng. PPSX CKD:Thch cao
(nhp) kim tra la chn th cng p hp trong thit b autolave lm ngui
nghin mn + PG Kim tra cht lng L CKD: v thch cao khan c kn thy ha
thun nghch, ng rn nhanh to vl xp c kh nng gi H2O bi lc mao qun PPSX
thch cao (c qua cho bit, l c hi :d): PP kh:Thch cao cc nh nung (kh
nc) trong tb autoclave 120 1300C sy nghin PP t:Bt thch cao (v thch
cao cn ti sinh) (+ H2O, p hi nc, mt pH x, cc cht to mm) huyn ph
quay ly tm (lc nng chn ko) ra b tp cht sy (120 1300C) Qt ng rn: Gm
2 g chnh: Ha tan hemihydrat (CaSO4.0,5H2O) trong nc to (CaSO4.nH2O;
n > 2) Kt tinh v pht trin tinh th dihydrat (CaSO4.0,5H2O) Lk gia
cc tinh th (CaSO4.0,5H2O) quyt nh bn ca sp Thy tinh nc (lng): Tp
ngliu: TT nc l sp ca s ha tan tt silicat kim Na v K trong nc to dd
keo ca silicat kim, ph bin l tt nc NaNgliu: Ct, soa v xtT l phn mol
(modul n) Na2O : SiO2 = 1 : (2.0 3.3)Khi bay hi, modul bin i, t 3
cn 2 (2Na2O : SiO2) sau l 1 (Na2O : SiO2), vi SiO2 kt ta PPSX CKD:
PP kh: Soa (Na2CO3) + ct nu trong l b, t0 = 14000C Khi tt nc ltc
chy khi b nu c frit ha v chy thng vo khun c nh = KL. tt silicat kim
vi nhng module nhau c kh nng ha tan mnh nhng chm trong H2O (3060%)
ha tan mi gi l tt nc. PP t: Nu ct + xt (NaOH) trong ni p sut
autoclave 120 1250C. Cng nghip: Xt + ct nu trong l ni gin on = thp
kn quay vi v chm (23 v/ph), p trong ni 1MPa. La chy pha ngoi ni
thp, truyn nhit qua thnh l. Sp ra l theo tng m l tt nc cn ln ct cha
tan ht lng lc li = my p lc khung bn. K thut thch hp vi nhng nh my c
ngun ngliu xt. L CKD: V qt ng rn tt nc b hydrat ha c to mch polymer
c tnh kt dnh (H2SiO3; H2Si2O5) Qu trnh ng rn: l do qt mt nc to mng
li lk cc hydrogel silicatC ch (3 loi):a. Nc bay hi. Cht tng cng qt
ng rn thng dng l cc Flourit.b. P vi CO2 & hi nc trong kk pp dng
trong cc hh g rn trog ha hc (CKD k thut)c. P ca tt nc vi PG: VD
SiO2, betonite, C2S Bn cht t/d l dehydrat ha tt nc, sau hn hp t ng
rn Vi Ngliu: cha nhiu CaCO3 nh vi, phn, dolomiteVi c 2 dng: Vi kh
(tp chnh: CaO); vi ti (tp chnh l Ca(OH)2) PPSX CKD:Nung ngliu nhit
cao ( 800 900oC), CaCO3 phn hy theo p:CaCO3 = CaO + CO2 ; CaO nhn c
gi l vi sng. L nung vi: cc loi l y th cng; l quay; l ng (thng dng
I) c kh ha, t ng ha T0 nung: 1000 1200oC tc p & m bo phn hy ht
nhng cc ngliu lnNhin liu: Than: antraxit, than cc, cc loi than cho
ngn la ngn, t tro trn cng ngliu L CKD trong kk, cng thp, thng c nh
gi qua tphh & tnh do Qt ng rn: Gm 2 g:1. Bay hi nc ln c hc
trong tinh th Ca(OH)2 khi dd nc bo ha2. Cacbonat ha Ca(OH)2 do hp
th kh CO2 t kk, to CaCO3:Ca(OH)2 + CO2 + nH2O = CaCO3 + (n + 1)H2O
Qt xy ra vi s bin i V ln (phi dng cng 2 4 phn ct). Ct to b khung
ngn qt bin i V, to vt nt. Lp mng CaCO3 to thnh trn b mt ngn cn qt
thm nhp CO2 vo su pha trong. Qt ng rn vi rt chm. Vi thy & XM La
M Vi thy: Ngliu: vi, t st, cc loi ngliu khc cha cc oxit cn Module
thy ha ln (4.5 9), l CKD thy lc (cc silicat, aluminat & ferit
canxi) nhng cng c t/c ca CKD kk (Ca(OH)2 & CaO) PPSX Vi thy:
Phi liu dng bt nung ti (c v ko) nghin silo cha. T0n thng 900
1000oC. Hm lng t st t0n L nung: Kiu l ng, l quay XM La M: Ngliu:
tng t XMP ( vi, t st, cc loi ngliu khc cha cc oxit cn) PG: Thch cao
(5%), cc PG hot tnh (15%) L CKD thy lc, mudule thy ha nh (1.7 4.5)
so vi vi thy: XM LM ch t vi hn & tp to khong thy lc nhiu hn t0n
1000 1100oC. Nu ngliu ln MgO: t0n 800 900oC. Do t0n thp, cc khong
to thnh c s lng & cht lng thp. Qt ng rn: Khi ng rn, xy ra qt
thy ha cc khong silicat, aluminat & ferit ca canxi v MgO nu c.
Cc sp thy ha dng gel t rn chc, 1 phn kt tinh lm cng XM.14
