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Physical Restraint Use among Hospitalized Elderly Thais

Busara Oearsakul, Yupapin Sirapo-ngam, NeviIIe E. Strumpf, Pomtip Malathum

Abstracti This descriptive study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence, frequency,

type and rationale of the use of physical restraints, as well as assess nurses' and familymembers' attitudes regarding use of physical restraints among hospitalized elderly in

a teaching hospital in Thailand. Data regarding the use of physical restraints were collected

via observation, twice daily, using the Physical Restraint Use Observational Tool. During

each observation period, patients' cognitive status was also assessed, using the Chula

Mental Test. Measurement of the nurses' and family members' attitudes toward the use

of physical restraints was accomplished via use of a Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire.Prevalence of use of physical restrainb, including side rails, was found to be 65.7%.

However, the use of side rails only was 59.4%. The use of side rails, in addition to other

forms of physical restraint devices, was determined to be 6.3%. The most frequently

used physical restraint devices were bilateral wrist restraints that were mainly used toprotect medical equipment and prevent falls. Significant differences were found,based on age and cognitive status, among both restrained and unrestrainedhospitalized elderly. ln addition, significant differences were found, regarding attitude

toward use of physical restraints, between family members of the elderly who were

restrained and nurses who provided care for the restrained elderly.

The findings illustrate the extent and use of physical restraints within one Thai

teaching hospital, wherein side rails was the predominant method of physical restraint.

The results suggest the need for appropriate educational and clinical guidelines regarding

the use of physical restraints among hospitalized elderly Thais.

Pacific Rim Int I Nurs Res 2O71 ; 15(2) 725-736

Keywords: Physical restraints; Hospitalized elderly; Attitudes regarding use ofphysical restraints.

Introduction

Thailand cunently is experiencing one of the

most rapid increases in the number of aged citizens

in the world.r As the life expectancy of Thais increases,

problems often associated with aging (i.e. chronic

illness and disability) are becoming more prevalent.r

Due to the lack of a sufficient number of nursing

homes and formal home health care services.

Vol. 75 No. 2

C6rrytfu1e to: 8m o€rfud, RN, PhD (Candidab) tupartrmtof Mediul Nursing, Faculty of Nu6ing, Prince of Songkla Univercity,

Hat Yai, ngkhla, Thailand. E-Mail: busarao@gmail.com

Yupapin Sirapn-ngam, RN, OsN. Assiate Professor, Depaftment

o{ Nusing" Fmlty o( lvldicire Ramathibi tloqial, lvbhidol Uniwity,Eangkok. Thailand.

Neville E. Strumpf, RN, PhD. Pro(esol khal of Nurcing, lJniversity

of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, Pennsylvania, LISA.

PmtQ f,hlatltm, RN, PhD.,\*istant Ppf6s, Detnftrmt o( NuBin&

Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University,

Eangkok, Thailand

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Pacific Rim Int I Nurs Res 2O1I ; l1(z) I2S-7A6

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^,J snaaan: Ufl11 ada'tdq.t, RN, phD (Candidate), ntalatnunatutnowt awai nucnulutaazsai au tVnutdunraatua?uni dtnaunlurydwias n,at ilftMalnu E-Mail: busarao@Bmail.com

qllnfru Ffirf,nu, RN, DsN tau:nano:rli ntaitnxatutaatsaiaucaxnuatsaihtru.rutmrutiui un.finu&tafrea ff tfiffi rlqnalnaNeville E. Strumpf RN, PhD, profssr, Srhal of Nursing, Univesityof Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, IJSA.

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136 Pacific Rim Int I Nurs Res . April - June 20I I