TO INFINITIVE AND GERUND(ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)

I. TO INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ)a. It’s adj + (of sb)+ to V: ai đó thật như thế nào khi làm việc gì

Các tính từ sau dùng với cấu trúc này: kind, good, stupid, clever, careless, sensible, brave, timid, coward, wise, rude, polite, generous, mean, thoughtful, tactful, selfish…Ex: It’s kind of you to help me You stole a car, which was stupid of you

b. S+ be + Adj + To VCác tính từ sau đây dùng với cấu trúc này: happy, sad, glad, nice, pleased, disappointed, difficult, easy, eager, ready, surprised, sorry, hesitant, amazed, able, willing, reluctant, sure/bound/certain.Ex: I am very glad to see you again.Động từ nguyên thể có “To” đứng ngay sau VAgree(đồng ý), afford(có khả năng tài chính), appear (dường như), attempt (nỗ lực), arrange(sắp xếp), cause(gây ra), Choose (lựa chọn), decide(quyết định), demand (yêu cầu), Expect(mong đợi), Fail(thất bại), Hope(hi vọng), Hap, Hesitate(ngại, phiền), intend(dự định), mange(quản lý), offer(đề nghị), promise(hứa), Plan(lập kế hoạch), Pay(trả), Prepare(chuẩn bị), Refuse(từ chối), Threaten(đe dọa), tend(xu thế), wish(ước), want( muốn).Ex: I can’t afford to go abroad study He agreed to work for us She refused to answer personal questionsII. GERUND (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ- Ving)1. Những động từ dùng với danh động từ: Admit(nhận),finish, anticipate (đoán trước), appreciate (đánh giá), avoid( tránh), consider(xem xét), continue(tiếp tục), postpone =delay(hoãn), deny(chối), discuss(thảo luận), hate =dislike(ghét), enjoy(thích) , keep(giữ), mind(phiền), miss(lỡ) , practise, quit, resist(kháng lại), risk(liều), suggest(đề nghị), mention(đề cập), prefer…toEx: I couldn’t avoid meeting him Have you finished talking? She enjoys playing tennis2. Danh động từ đúng sau giới từ : at, on, in, before, after, with, up, without, by, in addition to…..Ex: we can improve our English by practicing much He came in without saying hello to anybody On getting home, he sat down to write a letter In addition to going to university she also takes a part- time job Before going to bed, I clean my teeth3. Đi với một số thành ngữ cố định:+ can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand: không thể không+ It’s (not) worth : Đáng (không đáng làm gì)+ It’s no use = it’s no good= there be no point in Ving: làm gì đó là vô ích+ S + have/has difficulty/trouble + in + Ving: gặp khó khăn, rắc rối+ have (any) problem in Ving+ have a good time + Ving+ have a hard/difficult time + VingNote:+ Stop + to V: dừng lại để làm gì Ex: He stops smoking Ving: dừng lại không làm nữa He stops to eat+ remember + To V: nhớ phải làm gì(HT, TL) Ving: nhớ đã làm gì(QK)Ex: Remember to post my letter I remember locking the door before going out+ forget + To V: quên phải làm gì (HT, TL) Ving: quên đã làm gì, sẽ không bao giờ quên làEx: Don’t forget to buy shoes for me I’ll never forget meeting him+ regret + To V: lấy làm tiếc(dùng để thông báo) Ving : hối tiếc, ân hận vì đã làmEx: I regret to inform you that your application isn’t acceptable I regret buying a lot of shares+ try + To V: cố gắng làm gì Ex: I try to get better marks Ving: thử làm gì I try solving this difficult sum+ mean + To V: có ý định làm gì = intend Ving: đưa đến hậu quả gì = result in

Ex: I don’t mean to buy that house His new job means earning a lot of money+ need + To V : cần làm gì (mang tính chủ động chỉ người) Ving: cần được làm gì (mang tính bị động chỉ vật)Ex: I need to sell some good My trousers need ironing NOTE: advise/allow/permit/forbid/encourage/recommend + (O)Sb + To V VingEx: they allow me to buy a new car I don’t allow smoking in the roomIII. WITHOUT “TO” INFINITIVE

1. Sau các động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, may, might, should, had better … + V0

2. help/ make/ have(nhờ ai làm) + (O)sb + V0

NOTE:S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + V0 (nhìn thấy toàn bộ sự việc)S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + Ving (nhìn thấy sự việc đang diễn ra)

Exercise :I. Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.1. He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was

born.2. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.3. I would like him (go) _____________________ to a university but I can’t (make)

him go.4. I am looking forward to (see) _____________________ you.5. I arranged (meet) _____________________them there.6. He urged us (work) _____________________faster.7. I wish (see) _____________________the manager.8. It is no use (wait) _____________________him.9. He warned her (not touch) _____________________the wire.10. Don’t forget (clock) _____________________the door before (go)

_____________________to bed.11. My mother told me (not speak) _____________________too anyone about it.12. He tried (explain) _____________________but she refused (listen)

_____________________.13. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _____________________between the

courses.14. He decided (disguise) __________________ himself by (dress) _______________as a

women.15. I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary.16. Would you mind (show) _____________________me how (work)

_____________________the lift.17. After (walk) ___________three hours we stopped (rest) ___________and let the

others (catch) _____________up with us.18. I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean.19. The boy likes (play) _____________________games but hates (do)

________________exercises.20. I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been

refused.21. I don’t allow (smoke) _____________________in my drawing-room.22. I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all.23. He surprised us all by (go) _________________away without (say)

________________‘Good-bye’.24. Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________

(wait).25. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _____________________recognized.26. Before (give) _______________evidence you must swear (speak)

___________________the truth.27. I tried (persuade) ____________________him (agree) _____________________with

your proposal.28. Your windows need (clean) ______________.Would you like me (do)

___________them for you.

29. Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught.

30. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.

31. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.

32. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.

33. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.34. People used (make) _____________________fire by (rub) _________________two

sticks together.35. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).36. If you go on (let) ______your dog (chase) ________cars he will end by (be)

_____________________run over.37. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.38. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat

at once.39. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash)

__________ a cheque.40. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit)

_____________in the office.41. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.42. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the

machine.43. I have no intention of (go) _________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see)

_____________my favorite actress in such dreadful part.44. I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the

police (look) _____________for him.45. After (hear) _____________the conditions I decided (not enter) _____________for

the competition.46. Some people seem (have) _____________the passion for (write) _____________to

the newspapers.47. He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of

(reply) _____________at all.48. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do)

_____________anything.49. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.50. There is no point in (remain) ____in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything

(help) ___the people who have (stay) ____there.51. The horse won’t be well enough (run) _____in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t

seem (have) _____recovered from his long journey.52. At first I enjoyed (listen) _________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)

_____________the same story again and again.53. It is usually easier (learn) _____________a subject by (read) _____________books

than by (listen) _____________ to lectures.54. It wouldn’t be safe (start) _____________down now; we will have (wait)

_____________till the mist clears.55. After (discuss) ________the matter for an hour the committee adjourned

without (have) _____________ reached any decision.56. It’s not much use (have) _____________a bike if you don’t know how (use)

_____________it.57. I distinctly remember (pay) _____________him. I gave him 2$.58. Did you remember (give) _____________him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t. I

will go and do it now.59. Please forgive me for (interrupt) _____________you but would you mind (repeat)

_____________that last sentence.60. He made a lot of money by (buy) ____tickets in advance and (sell)

_____________them twice the price on the day of the match. II. Choose the best answer 1. Every day I spend two hours ___________ English.A. practise B to practise C. practising D. practised2. The skiers would rather __________ through the mountains than go by bus.

A.to travel by train B. travel by train C. traveled by train D. traveling by train3.He likes _________ part in sports, so he joins the football team of the school.A. to take B. to taking C. takes D. took4. I don't remember___________ the front door when I left home. A. to lock B. lock C. locked D. locking5.Children enjoy ___________ to ghost stories on Halloween night.

A.telling and listening B. tell and listen C. to tell and listen D. to tell and to listen6. They decided ___________ to Japan for their summer holiday. A. going B. to go C. go

D. to going 7.His parents think it's time for him___________ married. A. gets B. get C. to get

D. got8.Peter's father ordered __________ not to stay out late again. A. him B. to him C. that he D. for him9.Smoking is bad for your heath. You had better_________ it up. A. to give B. give C. giving D. to be giving10.I hope you don't mind __________ so late at night.A. telephoning B. to telephone C.telephone D.to have telephoned11.It took three and a half hours _________ to Singapore.A. to fly B. flying C. to be flown D. fly12.She refused ___________ them . A.to help B.help C.having helped

D.helping13.My parents can't _________ seeing me at home all day. A. stop B. stand C. start

D. hate 14.___________is a popular sport in Europe. A. To ski B. Skiing C. Ski D. To skiing15.There are many ways of _______ ourselves in a big city. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyment D. to enjoy16.I never feel like _______ early on Monday morning.A. getting up B. get up C. gets up D. to get up17.It is not easy ________ a high-paid job.A. find B. finding C. finds D. to find18.Would you like the doctor _________ ?A. coming B. to come C. come D. comes19. There is no need ______ the door of the meeting room tonight.

A. to lock B. to be locking C.to be locked D. locked20. My husband wants me _______ this letter before afternoon.A. to post B. posting C. post D. posts21.I hate _______ the dirty dishes after a meal.A. wash B. to washing C. to wash D. to be washing22.She doesn't like going _______ in the sea in summer.A. to swim B. to be swimming C. swimming D. swim23.I am afraid of _______ by the strong wind.A.taking away B.take away C.being taken away

D.being taking away24. We need to stop _________ at what damage we have done to the nature and try ________it before it's too late.

A. looking/ to fix B. to look/ to fix C.to look/ fixing D.looking/ fixing25.Human beings must stop ______the environment.A. to pollute B. polluted C.to polluted D.polluting26.We walked for ten kilometers and then we stopped _______ a rest.A. to have B. have C. having D. has27.It is raining hard. We had better _______ at home tonight.A. staying B to stay C. stay D. to be staying28.Before starting __________ for this company, I spent a year _______ .

A. work/travel B.work/traveling C.working/travel D.working/traveling29.I _______ play with dolls when I was small.A. enjoyed B. hated C. started D. used to30.It _______ him two hours to finish the exercise.A. take B. took C. to take D. taking31.I had no difficulty ______ to her English.A. listen B. to listen C. to listening D. listening32. We are ______ buying a new motorbike.

A. considering B. deciding C. expecting D. thinking33.If the earth stops ______ around the sun, there will be no light on earth.

A. move B. to move C. moved D. moving34. 35. If we don't do anything ___ the ice on the poles from melting, the earth will be flooded one day.

A. for stop B. to stopping C. to stop D. stop 36.Unless we ______ throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted.

A. stop B. don't stop C. will stop D. won't stop37.The pollution rate in this area seems ______ slowly.

A. increase B. increasing C. to increase D. to be increase38.Your hair is too long now. It needs _________ .

A. to cut B. cutting C. being cut D. to be cutting 39. We all enjoy _________ English.A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned40.I expected them _______ me a job.

A. offer B. offering C.to be offered D.to offerMore exercise: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.

1. I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished (read) _____________it.2. How old were you when you learned (drive) _____________.3. My father gave up (smoke) _____________three years ago.4. Would you mind (keep) _____________silent? I’m trying (study) _____________.5. I always try to avoid_____________ (borrow) money from my friends.6. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed _____________ (get) to school on time.7. Could you please stop _____________ (make) so much noise?8. I hope _____________ (run) in the marathon next month.9. Look! It’s started _____________ (rain) again.10.It was too late, so we decided_____________ (take) a taxi home.11.My sister always enjoys _____________ (listen) to classical music.12.I’ve put off _____________ (write) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.13.Sarah gave up _____________ (try) to find a job in this country and decided_____________ (go)

abroad.14.You can’t stop me _____________ (do) what I want.15.They don’t have much money. They can’t afford_____________ (go) out very often.16.I’m still looking for a job but I hope_____________ (find) something soon.17.My mother can’t stand_____________ (stay) at home without doing anything.