Tong Hop de Thi Hsg Quoc Gia

U Ban Nhn Dn Thnh Ph Hi Phng

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:2*********************************************************************************************************************************

S GIO DC O TO LM NGTrng THPT Chuyn Thng Long Lt TUYN TP THI HC SINH GII QUC GIAM HA HC Bin Son: Thy Nguyn Thnh AnhT trng b mn Ha Hc

Lt Thng 5/2005 B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HS Gii THPT

((((((((((( Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 - Bng A

Ngy thi: 2/3/1994

(180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )

- - - - - o0o - - - - -

Cu 1:1. Nu phng php ho hc c th dng loi cc cht c sau:

a. SO2, NO2, HF trong kh thi cng nghip.

b. Lng ln clo trong phng th nghim.

c. Pb2+ hoc Cu2+ trong nc thi cc nh my.

Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

2.T 0,1 mol H2SO4 c th iu ch 1,12 lt; 2,24 lt; 3,36 lt SO2 c khng? Gii thch ti sao c hay khng c. Nu c, minh ho bng cc v d c th.

Trnh by phng php thu SO2 tinh khit iu ch trn.

Cu 2:1. Lm cc th nghim sau:

Th nghim 1: Cho vo dung dch H2SO4 long ng trong 3 cc nh s 1, 2, 3 mi cc mt ming st. Th nghim 2: Thm vo cc 1 ming nhm t tip xc vi ming st. Th nghim 3: Thm v cc 2 mt ming ng t tip xc vi ming st. Th nghim 4: Thm vo cc 3 mt ming bc t tip xc vi ming st.Trnh by v so snh cc hin tng xy ra trong cc th nghim trn. Vit phng trnh v cc hin tng . Gii thch s khc nhau v cc hin tng xy ra trong cc th nghim.

2. a. Hy vit s v phng trnh xy ra khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi hai in cc bng Platin.

b. Sau khi in phn c mt thi gian, ngt ngun in ngoi v ni hai in cc trn bng dy dn, c hin tng g xy ra? Gii thch v minh ho bng phng php ho hc.

Cu 3:

1. a. Nu ngha v cu to ca cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6.

b. Cu hnh ny c th gp loi cht no? Minh ho bng tnh cht c th.

c. Nu tnh cht ca cht trong th d trn.

2. Da vo m in ca nguyn t trong bng sau:Nguyen to ONaMgAlSiPSCl

m in 3,5 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 3,0

a. Nu bn cht lin kt ho hc trong oxit ca mi nguyn t mc oxi ho cao nht.

b.Phn loi cc oxit trn. Vit phng trnh phn ng nu r tnh cht ho hc ca mi loi oxit.

3. Trnh by c gii thch nhng yu t quan trong nht lm tng tc giai on oxi ho SO2 thnh SO3 trong qu trnh sn xut H2SO4.

Cau 4:1. Khuy a gam mt cht trong b cm3 cht lng c khi lng ring D1 to thnh mt dung dch c khi lng ring D2.

a. Thit lp cng thc dng tnh nng % theo khi lng v nng mol/lit ca dung dch trn.

b. Nu nhng iu kin c th p dng c cng thc thit lp ra.

Cau 5: Bi ton

Hn hp A gm hai oxit st. Dn t t kh hidr i qua m gam A ng trong ng s nung nng n nhit thch hp. Sn phm to nn l 2,07 gam nc v 8,48 gam hn hp B gm hai cht rn. Ho tan B trong 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M thu c mt dung dch D v 1971,2 ml H2 kc 27,30C v 1atm. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d s c kt ta E. Cho E tip xc vi khng kh chuyn E hon ton thnh cht rn F. Khi lng ca E v F khc nhau 1,36 gam.1. Tnh m.2. Tm nng ca hp cht v ion trong dung dch D, cho rng th tch dung dch D thay i khng ng k so vi th tch dung dch H2SO4 dng.3. Thnh lp cng thc v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong A.

-----o o-----Cho H = 1, O = 16, Fe = 56Hc sinh c s dng bng HTTH cc nguyn t ho hc.

B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HS Gii THPT

((((((((((( Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 2/3/1995


Bng A: Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton.

Bng B: B 2, trong Cu II: 2, trong Cu III: 4, trong Bi ton.- - - - - o0o - - - - - A. Cu hi l thuyt.Cu I: 1. Trong phng th nghim c dd NaOH (dung mi l nc).

a/ Hy trnh by nguyn tc xc nh nng mol/lit ca dd NaOH cho.

b/ Hy t cho cc s liu c th v tnh nng mol/lit ca dd NaOH .

2. C 3 l c nh s, mi l c cha mt trong cc dd sau: natri sunfat, canxi axetat, nhm sunfat, natri hiroxit, bari clorua. Cht no c cha trong l s my, nu:

Rt dd t l 4 vo l 3, c kt ta trng. Rt dd t l 2 vo l 1, c kt ta keo, tip tc rt thm kt ta b tan. Rt dd t l 4 vo l 5, ban u cha c kt ta, rt thm th c lng nh kt ta xut hin.

Trong mi trng hp gii thch u c vit phng trnh phn ng.

3. Hy ngh cch tch ly tng mui trong hn hp rn gm : clorua ca amoni, bari, magie (c vit y phng trnh phn ng).

Cu II:

1. Thc nghim cho bit: sau 0,75 giy th 30ml KOH 1M trung ho va ht 30ml H2SO4 0,5M . Hy xc nh tc ca phn ng theo lng KOH: theo lng H2SO4. Kt qu thu c mi trng hp c hp l khng? Ti sao?

2. Hy a ra cc biu thc cn thit chng minh vai tr ca h s cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng khi xc nh tc phn ng.

(dng phng trnh aA + bB ( d D + eE vi gi thit phng trnh n gin dng trong trng hp ny).

Cu III:

1. Cn 2 lt dd CuSO4 0,01M c pH = 2.00 m in:

a. Ti sao dd cn pH thp nh vy.

b. Trong phng th nghim c mui CuSO4.5H2O, nc nguyn cht, H2SO4 98% (D = 1,84 g/ml). Hy trnh by cch chun b dung dch trn (b qua cht ph).

2. C vt cn m, bn ng, dd va c chun b trn v ngun in thch hp:

a. Hy trnh by s ca h thng thc hin s m in ny (c v hnh). Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn in cc.

b. Tnh thi gian thc hin s m in nu bit: I = 0,5 Ampe; lp m c in tch 10 cm2, b dy 0,17 mm; khi lng ring ca ng l 8,89 g/cm3; hiu sut s in phn ny t 80%.Cu IV:

Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra mi trng hp sau y:

1. iu ch H2SO4 theo phng php nitro : oxi ho SO2 bng NO2 trong dd nc (c thng bng electron).2. iu ch mt cht trong thnh phn ca nhin liu tn la bng cch cho kh F2 i chm qua mui rn KNO3 hoc KClO4 (trong mi trng hp u to ra 2 sn phm, trong lun c KF).3. FeS hoc FeCO3 b oxi ho bng oxi trong khng kh m to thnh Fe(OH)3 (c thng bng electron).4. Fe2O3, Fe2S3, Fe(OH)3 b ho tan trong dd axit mnh (d) u to ra ion [Fe(H2O)6]3+B. Bi ton:

Hn hp A gm bt Al v S. Cho 13,275 gam A tc dng vi 400 ml HCl 2M thu c 8,316 lt kh H2 ti 27,3oC v 1 atm; trong bnh sau phn ng c dd B.

Nu nung nng 6,6375 gam A trong bnh kn khng c oxi ti nhit thch hp, c cht D. Ho tan D trong 200 ml HCl 2M c kh E v dd F.

1. Hy tnh nng cc cht v cc ion trong dd B, dd F.2. Tnh pH ca mi dd v nu r nguyn nhn phi to pH thp nh vy.3. Dn kh E ( c lm kh) qua ng s cha 31,5 gam bt CuO nung nng ti nhit thch hp (khng c oxi ca khng kh). Phn ng xong ta thu c nhng cht no? Tnh lng mi cht . (Bit trong sn phm : cht rn l nguyn cht, tnh theo gam ; cht kh hay hi o ti 100oC, 1atm; khi tnh s mol c ly ti ch s th 5 sau du phy).4. Rt t t (c khuy u) cho n ht 198 ml NaOH 10% (D = 1,10 g/ml) vo dd F:a. Hy nu v gii thch hin tng xy ra.b. Tnh lng kt ta thu c (nhiu nht; t nht).

-----o o-----Cho Cu = 64; S = 32; Al = 27; O = 16; H = 1.

Ghi ch: Th sinh c dng loi my tnh c nhn b ti, bng s logarit

B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT ((((((((((( Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 3/3/1995 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )

Bng A: Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton

Bng B: B 2. trong Cu IV: 2. trong Bi ton

A. Cu hi l thuyt:

Cu I:

1.Hy sp xp cc hp cht trong dy sau y theo th t tng dn mc linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm chc (c v d v phn ng km theo): axit axetic, ru etylic, phenol, nc.

2. m in ca C trong C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 tng ng bng 2,48; 2,75; 3,29.

Hy sp xp ba cht trn theo th t gim dn phn cc ca lin kt C-H; ly v d phn ng ho hc minh ho v dng cc s liu trn gii thch s sp xp .

Cu II: 1. Hy gi tn (CH3)2CH-CH =CH-C(CH3)3

Nhng hirocacbon ny c ng phn cis-trans hay khng? Vit cng thc cc ng phn (nu c).

iu kin v cu to cho mt hp cht hu c c ng phn cis-trans l g?

2. Axit elaiic l ng phn ca axit oleic. Khi oxi ho mnh axit elaiic bng KMnO4 trong H2SO4 ct nhm - CH = CH - thnh hai nhm - COOH, thu c hai axit cacboxylic c mch khng phn nhnh l C9H18O2 (A) v C9H16O4 (B)

Vit cng thc cu to ca A v B, t suy ra cng thc cu to ca axit elaiic. Vit phng trnh phn ng oxi ho trn.

Axit elaiic v axit oleic l nhng cht ng phn loi g?

Cu III:

1. Polime cao su thin nhin v polime ly t nha cy gut-ta-pec-cha u c cng thc (C5H8)n: loi th nht c cu trc cis, loi th hai c cu trc trans.

Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch polime cho mi loi.

2.Cho HCl tc dng vi cao su thin nhin sinh ra cao su hiroclo cha 20,6% Cl trong phn t. Vit phng trnh phn ng v cho bit trong phn t cao su hirocio c cn cu trc cis hay khng? Gii thch.

Cu IV: T mt loi thc vt ngi ta tch c cht A (C10H12O2). A phn ng vi dd NaOH to thnh cht B (C10H11O2Na). B phn ng vi CH3I cho cht C (C10H11O(OCH3)) v NaI. Hi ca C phn ng vi H2 nh cht xc tc Ni cho cht D (C10H13O(OCH3)). D phn ng vi dd KMnO4 trong H2SO4 to thnh axit 3,4-imetoxibenzoic c cng thc 3,4-(CH3O)2C6H2COOH v axit axetic.

1.Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C: bit rng A, B, C khng c ng phn cis-trans, cc cng thc trong ngoc n trn v cng thc phn t.

2. Vit phng trnh cc phn ng xy ra.

B.Bi ton:Hai hp cht hu c A, B c cng cng thc phn t v u cha C, H, Br, khi un nng vi dd NaOH long cht A to ra cht C c cha mt nhm chc. Cht B khng tc dng vi dd NaOH nh iu kin trn. 5,4 gam cht C phn ng hon ton vi Na cho 0,616 lt H2 27,3oC v 1atm. t chy hon ton 1,35 gam cht C thu c 3,85 gam CO2.

Khi cho A hoc B phn ng vi Br2 (c mt bt Fe) u thy khi HBr thot ra: sau phn ng A to ra 3 cht D, E, F cn B to ra 2 cht G, H.

1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C v cc cng thc cu to c th c ca D, E, F, G, H. Bit rng phn t ca D, E, F, G, H u cha 64% Br.

2. Cho hn hp gm 171gam cht A v 78 gam benzen phn ng vi Br2 c mt bt Fe. Sau phn ng thu c 125,6 gam brm benzen, 90 gam cht D, 40 gam cht E v 30 gam cht F. Hy cho bit cht A phn ng vi Br2 kh (hoc d) hn benzen bao nhiu ln? -----o o-----Cho Br = 80; O = 16; H = 1.

B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT ((((((((((( Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 2/3/1996


Cu I:

1. a) Hy ch ra im sai mi cu hnh e- sau:

(1) 1s22s12p5(2) 1s22s22p53s23p64s23d6(3) 1s22s22p64p64s2 b) Vit li cho ng mi cu hnh trn. Mi cu hnh ng l cu hnh ca ht no? Hy vit mt phng trnh phn ng chng minh tnh cht ho hc in hnh ( nu c ) ca ht ?

2. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z trong cng mt chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39. S hiu ca nguyn t Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu ca nguyn t X v Z. Nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t ny hu nh khng phn ng vi H2O iu kin thng.

a) Hy xc nh v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t v gi tn tng nguyn t.

b) So snh m in, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t .

c) So snh tnh baz ca cc hiroxit.

d) Tm cch tch tng oxit ra khi hn hp oxit ca 3 nguyn t .

Cu II:

1.Khi ho tan SO2 vo H2O, c cc cn bng sau:

SO2 + H2O H2SO3 (1)

H2SO3 H+ + HSO3- (2)

HSO3- H+ + SO32- (3)

Nng ca SO2 cn bng thay i ra sao (c gii thch) mi trng hp sau: a/ un nng dd.

b/ Thm HCl

c/ Thm NaOH

d/ Thm KMnO42. xc nh nhit sinh ca NO bng phng php nhit lng k, ngi ta lm hai th nghim sau:

Th nghim 1: t pht pho trong lung kh NO, sau 12 thu c 1,508 gam H3PO4.

Th nghim 2: t pht pho trong hn hp ng th tch N2, O2. Sau 10 thu c 2,123 gam H3PO4a) Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (trong bnh nhit lng k c H2O)

b) Tnh tc trung bnh ca qu trnh to ra H3PO4 mi th nghim trn. Ti sao c s khc nhau v tr s ?

3. Bng cch no loi b mi kh trong hn hp kh sau:

a) SO2 trong hn hp SO2 v CO2b) SO3 trong hn hp SO3 v SO2c) CO2 trong hn hp H2 v CO2d) HCl trong hn hp HCl v CO2Cu III:

1.T thc nghim ngi ta xc nh c: khi phn ng

NH4HS (rn) NH3(kh) + H2S(kh) (1)

t ti cn bng th tch s PNH3. PH2S = 0,109 (tr s ny l hng s nhit 25oC)

a) Hy xc nh p sut chung ca kh tc dng ln h (1) nu ban u bnh chn khng v ch a vo NH4HS rn.

b) Nu ban u a vo bnh (chn khng) mt lng NH4HS rn v kh NH3, khi t ti cn bng ho hc th c PNH3 = 0,0549 atm.

Hy tnh p sut kh NH3 trong bnh trc khi phn ng (1) xy ra ti 25oC

2.Mt trong nhng phng php iu ch Al2O3 trong cng nghip tri qua mt s giai on chnh sau y:

Nung Nefelin (NaKAl2Si2O8) vi CaCO3 trong l 1200oC

Ngm nc sn phm to thnh c dd mui aluminat.

Na[Al(OH)4(H2O)2]; K[Al(OH)4(H2O)2] v bn qung CaSiO3 Chit ly dd, sc CO2 d qua dd .

Nung kt ta Al(OH)3 c Al2O3.

Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

Cu IV:

1. Phn ng no xy ra khi lm bo ho dd Na2CO3 (b qua s thu phn) bng: a/ Kh Cl2 b/ Kh NO22. C cc cp: Cr2O72-/2Cr3+; Fe3+/Fe2+; Cl2/2Cl-; MnO4-/Mn2+Hy hon thnh phng trnh phn ng sau (nu c)

a) K2Cr2O7 + HCl ( ?

b) Cl2 + FeCl2 ( ?

c) FeCl3 + HCl ( ?

d) Cl2 + MnSO4 ( ?

e) KMnO4 + FeCl3 ( ?

f) KMnO4 + HCl ( ?

(Bit tnh oxi ho gim dn theo th t: MnO4- > Cr2O72- ( Cl2 > Fe3+)

3. C cc ion sau: Ba2+; Ag+; H+(H3O+); Cl-; NO3-; SO42-.

a) Hy cho bit cng thc cht tan hoc cht t tan to thnh.

b) Trong 5 dd, mi dd ch cha mt trong cc cht phn (a). Nu khng dng thm cht khc, bng cch no c th nhn ra cht trong mi dd (c gii thch).

B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT

Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 3/3/1996


Cu I:Khi clo ho C5H12 100oC c chiu sng thu c cc sn phm vi t l % nh sau:2-Clo-2Metyl-Butan: 28,4%

1-Clo-2Metyl-Butan: 24,4%



1. Vit phng trnh phn ng (dng cng thc cu to) v c ch phn ng.

2. Nu thay Clo bng Brom th cc t l % trn bin i th no? Gii thch.

3. Hy d on t l % sn phm monoclo ho Propan v IsoButan.

Cu II: 1. C cc hp cht sau: C2H5OH; n-C10H21OH; C6H5OH; C6H5CH2OH; C6H5NH2; HOCH2CHOHCH2OH; CH3COOH; n-C6H14; C5H6 v C6H12O6 (glucoz)

a) Cho bit nhng cht tan tt, nhng cht tan km trong nc? Gii thch.

b) Hy vit cng thc cc dng lin kt hiro gia cc phn t C6H5OH v C2H5OH. Dng no bn nht, dng no km bn nht? Gii thch.

2. a) Khi nhn Etan theo trc dc lin kt C-C ta thy rng cc nguyn t H ni vi 2 nguyn t C khng che khut nhau tng cp mt m xen k nhau. M t hin tng ny bng cng thc v gii thch.

b) Nu nhn phn t n-Butan theo dc trc lin kt C2-C3 ta s thy c bao nhiu dng xen k nh vy? Dng no chim u th hn? V sao?

Cu III:c im ca phn ng este ho l thun nghch?

1. Nu cc bin php phn ng nhanh t ti trng thi cn bng. Nu cc bin php chuyn dch cn bng ho hc v pha to thnh este.

2. Thit lp biu thc tnh hng s cn bng K, gi s cho a mol axit axetic phn ng vi b mol ru etylic v sau khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng thu c c mol este.

Tnh gi tr ca K khi a =b =1mol v c = 0,655 mol

Nu a = 1mol v b tng gp 5 ln th lng este tng gp bao nhiu ln?

Cu IV:

1. Hp cht A (C18H18O2Br2) phn ng c vi dd NaOH nng. Cho hn hp sau phn ng tc dng vi dd axit v c long, thu c B (C9H9O2Br) v C (C9H11OBr).

Oxi ho B hoc C u thu c axit para-brom-benzoic.

Oxi ho trong iu kin thch hp C chuyn thnh B.

T B thc hin chuyn ho theo s sau: B D E G H (D cha 1 nguyn t Clo trong phn t, H c ng phn Cis-trans. Cc sn phm D, E, G, H u l sn phm chnh)

a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, D, E, G, H v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

b) So snh nhit nng chy ca B v C. Gii thch.

2. Heliotropin C8H6O3 (cht nh hng trong cng nghip hng liu) c iu ch t cht safrol C10H10O2 (trong tinh du x x) bng cch ng phn ho safrol thnh Isosafrol C10H10O2, sau oxi ho isosafrol nh cht oxi ho thch hp. Vit cng thc cu to ca Heliotropin, safrol v isosafrol. Bit rng heliotropin phn ng c vi AgNO3 trong dd NH3 cho mui ca axit 3,4-metylen dioxiBenzoic v isosafrol c ng phn cis-trans

3. Cc cht Freon gy ra hin tng l thng zon. C ch phn hu zon bi Freon (th d CF2Cl2) vit nh sau:

CF2Cl2 Cl( + CF2Cl( (a)

O3 + Cl( O2 + ClO

(b)

O + ClO O2 + Cl( (c)

a) Gii thch v sao 1 phn t CF2Cl2 c th phn hu hng chc ngn phn t Ozon?

b) Trong kh quyn c 1 lng nh kh Metan. Hin tng g xy ra ng thi vi hin tng l thng ozon? Gii thch.

Cu V: Tng th tch ( 0oC) ca Hirocacbon A (kh) v th tch va O2 t chy hon ton A bng 1/2 th tch ca cc sn phm chy 195oC. Sau khi lm lnh n 0oC th tch ca cc sn phm chy cn bng 1/2 th tch ban u ca hn hp A v O2. Cc th tch u o cng p sut.

1. Vit cng thc cu to A.

2. Thc hin phn ng tch Hiro t A thu c hn hp sn phm B. t chy hon ton 4,032 lt B (ktc) thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc). Dn 0,252 lt B (ktc) qua dd Br2 lm cho khi lng dd nng thm 0,21 gam. Tnh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp B. Gi s ch xy ra s tch Hiro.


Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 14/3/1997


Bng A: Lm tt c cc cu

Bng B: Khng lm phn V

Cu I:

1. Hy xp cc cng thc sau y theo th t tng dn s oxi ho ca N: N2, NO, NH3, N2O, NH2OH, HNO3, N2H4, NO2, HNO2.

Hy ch r nguyn nhn v cu to nguyn t N c s cc oxi ho .

2. Cho cc cht sau:a) Na2CO3; b) KNO3; c) (NH4)2SO4; d) BaCl2; e) KHSO4Gii thch tnh cht axit-baz ca cc dd nc ca cc cht trn. Cho bit gi tr c lng pH ca cc dd (pH > 7; < 7 hoc ( 7 ?).

3. tng trn ca kh quyn c lp ozon lm l chn bo v tri t khi tc hi ca tia cc tm do mt tri ri xung nh duy tr cn bng ho hc.

Gn y cn bng ny b ph v, l mt trong nhng hm ho v mi trng trn tri t. Mt trong cc nguyn nhn l con ngi thi vo kh quyn mt lng ng k NO v Cl (Cl do clo-flo cacbon t cc my lnh thot vo khng kh to ra hv CF2Cl2 ( CF2Cl + Cl ); Cc kh ny lm xc tc cho qu trnh bin i O3 thnh O2.Hy vit pt p (ring r v tng cng) chng minh vai tr xc tc ca Cl v NO.

Cu II:

KMnO4 l thuc th c dng xc nh nng cc mui st (II). Phn ng gia KMnO4 v FeSO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 din ra theo s :

KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O (1)

1. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng (1) di dng phng trnh ion (k hiu phng trnh ion l (2)).

2. Gi thit phn ng l thun nghch, hy thit lp biu thc hng s cn bng ca phn ng da vo (2) theo nng cn bng ca cc cht.

3. Gi tr logarit hng s cn bng ca phn ng oxi ho-kh 25oC dc tnh theo biu thc: = n(E0

((E0 l hiu th in cc tiu chun ca cc cp cht phn ng, n l s electron tham gia vo qu trnh oxi ho hoc kh trong phn ng).

Hy tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng theo (2).

Cho

4. Trong mt hn hp gm c KMnO4 0,010M; H2SO4 0,500M; FO4 0,020M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,005M.

Hy tnh nng cc ion khi phn ng kt thc.

5. Mi yu t sau y nh hng nh th no n (2):

a) Tng pH ca dung dch;

b) Thay H2SO4 bng HCl

c) Thm lng nh KSCN vo dung dch.

Cu III:

1. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau:

a) ? 82Pb206 + 2He4b) 9F17 8O17 + ?

c) 94Pu239 ? + 2He4d) 1H1 + ? 2He4e) ? + 1D2 2 2He4

i vi mi nh lut bo ton dc p dng lp phng trnh trn, hy phn tch mt v d minh ho.

2.a) Uran trong thin nhin cha 99,28% U238 (c thi gian bn hu l 4,5.109nm) v 0,72% U235 (c thi gian bn hu l 7,1.108nm). Tnh tc phn r mi ng v trn trong 10gam U3O5 mi iu ch.

b) Mari v Pie Curi diu ch Ra226 t qung Uran trong thin nhin. Ra226 dc to ra t ng v no trong hai ng v trn?

Cu IV:1. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi dn lng d kh H2S sc qua dung dch (c pH ( 0,5) cha cc ion Ag+, Ba2+, Cr2O72-, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+.

2. C dd mui nitrat ca Mg2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ag+, Hg22+ (k hiu l dd 1).

Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong mi trng hp sau y:

a) Thm dd NaCl vo dd 1 ti khi kt ta c hon ton. Lc ly kt ta (k hiu a), dd cn li (k hiu l dd2).

b) Ra kt ta a bng nc ri cho tc dng tip vi dd NH3 6M.

c) un cch thu ti nng dd 2, thm vo NH4Cl rn, ri thm tip NH3 6M ti pH ( 9,0.

d) Cho kt ta thu dc c) tc dng vi NaOH 2M c mt t dd H2O2.

Cu V:

Xt phn ng N2(kh) + 3H2(kh) 2NH3(kh) (I)

1) Ti iu kin tiu chun i vi cc cht, T = 298K, c:

(So = -197,9J.K-1; (Ho = -91,8kJ.

Tnh (Go v kt lun v kh nng xy ra phn ng (I).

2) Cng ti 298K, c PN2 = PH2 = 10,0atm; PNH3 = 1,0atm.

a) Tnh (G = (Go + 2,303RTlg K(p vi K(p = P2NH3/P3H2PN2 v R = 8,31 J.K-1.

b) Da vo cc s liu tnh c trn, gii thch mc xy ra phn ng (I) hai trng hp 1) v 2). Kt qu c ph hp vi nguyn l L Satli hay khng? Ti sao?


Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 15/3/1997


Bng A: Lm tt c cc cu

Bng B: Khng lm cu VI

Cu I:

1. Hy cho bit kiu lai ho ca cc nguyn t v loi lin kt ((, () trong cc hp cht sau:

Cl-CH2-CH =O; CH2=CH - C(N; CH2 = C = O

2. Hy sp xp cc hp cht cho di y theo th t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 (A); CH3-CH2-CH2OH (B); CH3-CH2-CH2NH2 (C); (CH3)3CH (D); (CH3)3N (E).

3. C th thc hin c cc phn ng sau hay khng, v sao?

C2H5ONa + CH3COOH ( C2H5OH + CH3COONa (1)

NaNH2 + CH4 ( CH3Na + NH3 (2)

Cu II:

1. Hp cht X cha 60% C, 4,44%H v 35,56%O trong phn t, dd nc ca X lm hng qu tm. Thu phn X thu c axit axetic v axit o-hiroxibenzoic.

a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, bit MX = 180vC.

b) Tnh th tch va dd NaOH 0,5M phn ng hon ton vi 5,4g X.

2. Mannoz (monosaccarit) HOCH2-(CHOH)4-CH=O l ng phn ca glucoz. dng vng 6 cnh mannoz ch khc glucoz ch nhm OH nguyn t C2 nm cng pha vi OH nguyn t C3.

Oxi ho mannoz bng dd HNO3 100oC thu c sn phm Y cha 41,38%C; 3,45%H v 55,17%O. Y b thu phn c trong mi trng axit cng nh baz to ra axit polihiroxiicacboxylic hoc mui tng ng.

Xc nh cng thc cu to ca Y, bit MY = 174 vC.

Cu III:

T mt loi tinh du ngi ta tch c cht A cha 76,92%C; 12,82%H v 10,26%O trong phn t, MA = 156 vC. A cn c iu ch bng cch hiro ho xc tc cht 2-isopropyl-5-metylphenol (B).

1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.

2. Vit cng thc cc ng phn cis-trans ca A.

3. un nng A vi H2SO4 c thu c hai cht c cng cng thc phn t C10H18. Vit cng thc cu to ca hai cht v vit c ch phn ng.

4. So snh tnh cht axit ca A vi B.

Cu IV:

Thu phn hon ton 1 mol polipeptit X cho ta:

2 mol CH3- CH(NH2) - COOH (Alanin hay vit tt l Ala)

1 mol HOOC - CH2 - CH2 - CH(NH2) - COOH (axit glutamic hay Glu)

1 mol H2N -(CH2)4 - CH(NH2) - COOH (Lizin hay Lys)

1 mol

Nu cho X tc dng vi 2,4-(NO2)2C6H3F (k hiu ArF) ri mi thu phn th thu c Ala, Glu, Lys v hp cht Mt khc nu thu phn X nh enzim cacboxipeptiaza th thu c Lys v mt tetrapeptit. Ngoi ra khi thu phn khng hon ton X cho ta cc ipeptit Ala-Glu, Ala-Ala v His-Ala.

1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn ca polipeptit X.

2. Sp xp cc aminoaxit trn theo th t tng dn pH1 (pH1 c gi l im ng in, ti pH aminoaxit tn ti dng ion lng cc trung ho v in tch v khng di chuyn v mt in cc no c), bit cc gi tr pH1 l 3,22; 6,00; 7,59 v 9,74.

3. Vit cng thc cu to dng ch yu ca mi aminoaxit trn cc pH bng 1 v 13.

4. Di tc dng ca enzim thch hp aminoaxit c th b ecacboxyl ho (tch nhm cacboxyl). Vit cng thc cu to ca cc sn phm ecacboxyl ho Ala v His. So snh tnh baz ca cc nguyn t nit trong phn t gia hai sn phm . Gii thch.

Cu V:

T dn xut halogen c th iu ch axit cacboxylic theo s sau:

RX RMgX RCOOMgX RCOOH T CH4 v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit phng trnh cc phn ng iu ch:

1. Axit metylmaloic CH3CH(COOH)22. Axit (-vinylacrilic.

Cu VI:

C phng trnh phn ng sau:

1.Vit c ch phn ng.

2.Thay A bng C6H5-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-C(CH3)2OH (A1), C6H5-CH2-CH2-C(CH3)2OH (A2) v tin hnh phn ng trong iu kin tng t nh trn thu c sn phm hu c tng ng B1 (hiu sut 86%), B2 (hiu sut 65%).

a) Vit cng thc cu to ca B1, B2.

b) Ti sao hiu sut phn ng to ra B1, B2 cao hn to ra B?


Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 13/3/1998


Bng A: Lm tt c cc bi

Bng B: Khng lm nhng cu c du *Bi I:

1. Trong thin nhin Brom c ch yu nc bin di dng NaBr. Cng nghip ho hc iu ch Brom t nc bin theo qui trnh nh sau: Cho mt lng dd H2SO4 vo mt lng nc bin; tip n sc kh Clo vo dd mi thu c; sau dng khng kh li cun hi Brom vo dd Na2CO3 ti bo ho Brom. Cui cng cho H2SO4 vo dd bo ho Brom, thu hi Brom ri ho lng.

Hy vit phng trnh cc phn ng ho hc ch yu xy ra trong qu trnh v cho bit vai tr ca H2SO4.

2. Brom lng hay hi u rt c. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi dng mt ho cht thng thng d kim hu ht lng Brom lng chng may b lm , bo v mi trng.

Bi II:

Dng 94,96ml H2SO4 5% (D = 1,035g/ml) va tc dng ht vi 2,80 g cht X, thu c mui Y v cht Z.

1. X, Y, Z c th l nhng cht no? Hy gii thch c th v vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc minh ho.

2. Nu sau qu trnh trn thu c 7,60 g mui Y th s c bao nhiu cht Z?

Bit rng X c th l mt trong cc cht: CaO, MgO, NaOH, KOH, Zn, Fe.

Bi III:

1.Tm phng trnh cho mi phn ng ho hc sau y:

a) K2Cr2O7 + ? + H2O ( Cr(OH)3 + S + NH3 + KOH

b) K2Cr2O7 + Na2SO3 + H2SO4 ( ? + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O

c) K2Cr2O7 + (NH4)2S + ? + H2O ( K3[Cr(OH)6] + S + ?

2. Hy cho bit cht oxi ho trong mi phn ng trn. Da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, hy gii thch tnh cht oxi ho ca cht .

3*). Hy cho bit vai tr ca pH i vi cc phn ng ho hc trn trong s to thnh cc sn phm cha crom.

Bi IV:

C s liu: in ccTh in cc tiu chun (V) 25oC

H / H+

-2,106.

Fe / Fe2+

-0.440.

Fe / Fe3+

-0.036.

H2 / 2H+

0,000.

1. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng gia Fe vi axit HCl v dng s liu trn gii thch kt qu ca phn ng .

2. Thc t dng tc nhn no trong s cc tc nhn: Fe, H, H2, kh nitrobenzen thnh anilin? Vit phng trnh phn ng v dng s liu trn gii thch.

3*). Hy ngh s trong c ch r lin h gia cc cht bng mi tn (() da vo v dng s liu trn tnh c th in cc tiu chun ca qu trnh Fe3+ ( Fe2+; k hiu tr s l x. Hy t x vo v tr thch hp trong dy s liu m u bi a ra.

Bi V:

1. Hy so snh tan ca SO2 trong dd nc c cng nng ca cc cht sau:

a) NaCl;b) HCl;

c) NH4Cl; d) Na2S.

2*). Dn t t SO2 qua mt lt dd Ca(OH)2 (dd A). Sau phn ng thu c dd c pH = 12,0 v kt ta CaSO3. Lc ly kt ta ri lm kh cn nng 1,200 gam.

a) Hy tnh th tch SO2 27,3oC, 1atm tan c vo dd A.

b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca Ca(OH)2 trong dd A.

3. Cho NaOH d vo dd X cha cc ion H+, Cr2O72-, Pb2+, Ba2+, NH4+. un nng dd ta s c kh mi khai bay ra v c kt ta vng.

Lc kt ta, ri cho tc dng vi dd HCl. Khi y ta c dd mu da cam v mt kt ta mu trng. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng gii thch cc hin tng.


Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12

Ngy thi: 14/3/1998


Bng A: lm tt c cc bi

Bng B: khng lm nhng cu c du*Bi I:

1. Cho 4 dn xut clo ca hirocacbon, chng u c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl.

a) Vit cng thc cu to thu gn v gi tn 4 cht theo danh php thng dng v IUPAC. Sp xp chng theo trnh t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch.

b*) Cho dn xut clo mch khng nhnh trn tc dng vi clo (chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1. Trnh by c ch ca phn ng. Cho bit sn phm no chim t l cao nht; gii thch.

2. Vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn ca:

a) C3H5Cl

b) ClCH =(C=)nCHCl, vi n = 1, 2, 3.

Bi II:

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to thnh sn phm chnh khi cho 1mol hirocacbon A tc dng vi cc cht sau:

a) 1mol HNO3(c H2SO4c);

b) 1mol Br2(c chiu sng);

c) KMnO4c,d(un nng).

d*) Trnh by giai on quyt nh tc chung ca mi phn ng a)v b).

2*. Iotbenzen c iu ch vi hiu sut cao theo s phn ng sau:

C6H6 + I2 + HNO3 NO + NO2 + AgI

Cho bit vai tr ca HNO3? Nu tn c ch phn ng.

Bi III:

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc trng hp sau(A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, L vit dng cng thc cu trc ):

b. b) p-CH3C6H4CH3 C D E

c) o-CH3C6H4CH3 G H Id) o-BrCH2C6H4CH2Br K L

Cho bit ng dng ca E v I.

2. Hy phn bit 4 aminoaxit sau (c gii thch), bit rng phng th nghim c cc loi giy qu, dd NaNO2+ dd HCl, ddNaOH, C2H5OH v cc dng c cn thit.

a) CH3-CH-COOH (Ala) b) H2N-(CH2)4-CH-COOH (Lys)

NH2 NH2c) HOOC-(CH2)2-CH-COOH (Glu)

Bi IV:

1. Trong thuc l c cht anabazin v mt ng phn cu to ca n l nicotin (rt c). Ngoi ra ngi ta cn tng hp c cht nicotirin c cu to tng t nicotin:

a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho mi hp cht trn tc dng vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1. Sp xp chng theo trnh t tng dn kh nng phn ng . Gii thch.

b) Trong s 3 hp cht trn, cht no c nhit si cao nht? Gii thch.

2. Oxi ho nicotin bng K2Cr2O7 trong dd H2SO4 thu c axit nicotinic dng iu ch cc amit ca n l vitamin PP v coiamin (thuc cha bnh tim):

Vit cng thc cu to ca axit nicotinic v so snh nhit nng chy ca n vi axit benzoic. Gii thch.

b*) Cho bit trng thi lai ho ca cc nguyn t nit trong phn t

vitamin PP. So snh tnh baz ca cc nguyn t nit : gii thch.

c) Vitamin PP nng chy nhit cao hn coiamin, mc d c phn t khi nh hn. Ti sao?

Bi V:

1*) A l mt isaccarit kh c AgNO3 trong dd NH3, gm hai ng phn c kh nng lm quay mt phng nh sng phn cc trong nhng iu kin thng nht biu th bng [(]25D l +92,6o v +34o. Dung dch ca mi ng phn ny t bin i v [(]25D cho ti khi cng t gi tr n nh l + 52o.

Thu phn A (nh cht xc tc axit) sinh ra B v C:

Cho A tc dng vi mt lng d CH3I trong mi trng baz thu c sn phm D khng c tnh kh. un nng D vi dd axit long thu c dn xut 2,3,6-tri-O-metyl ca B v dn xut 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl ca C.

a) Vit cng thc cu trc (dng vng 6 cnh phng) ca B, C, A, D; bit rng trong phn t A c lin kt ( - 1,4 - glicozit. Gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.

b) V sao dd mi ng phn ca A t bin i v [(]25D v cui cng u t gi tr 52o? Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc cht trong dd gi tr [(]25D = 525 v vit cng thc cu trc ca cc cht thnh phn .

2. Metyl ho hon ton cc nhm OH ca 3,24 gam amilopectin bng cch cho tc dng vi CH3I trong mi trng baz, ri em thu phn hon ton (xc tc axit) th thu c 1,66.10-3 mol 2,3,4,6 - tetra - O - metylglucoz v 1,66.10-3 mol 2,3 - i - O - metylglucoz; cn li l 2,3,6 - tri - O - metylglucoz.

a)Vit cng thc cu trc (dng vng 6 cnh phng) ca 3 sn phm trn v cho bit xut x ca chng.

b) Cho bit t l phn trm cc gc glucoz nhng ch c nhnh ca phn t amilopectin.

c) Tnh s mol 2,3,6 - tri - O - metylglucoz sinh ra trong phng th nghim trn.


Mn Thi: Ho Hc - Bng A thi chnh thc Ngy thi: 12/3/1999


Cu 1:

Dung dch A gm cc cht tan FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl v CuCl2 (nng mi cht xp x 0,1M).

1. Dung dch A c phn ng axit, baz, trung tnh ? Ti sao ?

2. Cho H2S li chm qua dung dch A cho n bo ho th thu c kt ta v dung dch B. Hy cho bit thnh phn cc cht trong kt ta v trong dung dch B.

3. Thm dn NH3 vo dung dch B cho n d. C hin tng g xy ra ? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ion gii thch.

Cu 2:

1. Phtgen c dng lm cht clo ho rt tt cho phn ng tng hp hu c, c iu ch theo phng trnh:

CO(k) + Cl2(k) COCl2(k) ; Ho = -111,3 kJ.mol-1Magi c iu ch theo phng trnh:

MgO(r) + C(r) Mg(r) + CO(k) ; Ho = 491,0 kJ.mol-1Cn tc ng nh th no vo nhit v p sut ring phn ca kh mi phn ng trn thu c nhiu sn phm hn? Ti sao phi tc ng nh vy ?

2.Thc nghim cho bit ti 25oC tc tiu th kh NO trong phn ng iu ch nitrozoni clorua kh :

2NO (k) + Cl2 (k) 2NOCl (k) (1)

bng 3,5.10-4 mol.l-1s-1. Hy tnh tc (ti 298oK):

a) Ca phn ng (1)

b) Tiu th kh Cl2 c) To thnh NOCl (k)

Cu 3:

ClO2 l cht ho cht c dng ph bin trong cng nghip. Thc nghim cho bit:

1.a/ Dung dch long ClO2 trong nc khi gp nh sng s to ra HCl, HClO3.

b/ Trong dung dch kim (nh NaOH) ClO2 nhanh chng to ra hn hp mui clorit v clorat natri.

2.c/ ClO2 c iu ch nhanh chng bng cch cho hn hp KClO3, H2C2O4 tc dng vi H2SO4 long.

d/ Trong cng nghip ClO2 c iu ch bng cch cho NaClO3 tc dng vi SO2 c mt H2SO4 4M.

Hy vit phng trnh phn ng v ni r l phn ng oxi ho- kh hay phn ng trao i ? Ti sao ? (phn tch tng phn ng a, b, c, d).

Cu 4:

1. C mt th nghim sau y (lm trong t ht kh c): ly vo ng nghim 1ml axit sunfuric c, b mt mnh ng vo ng nghim v un nng nh.

a) C hin tng g xy ra? Bng cch no nhn bit sn phm kh ca phn ng ? Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

b) Ti sao phi un nng nh ?

2. C 3 dung dch Ba(OH)2, Pb(CH3COO)2, MgSO4 b mt nhn hiu.

Hy chn 5 thuc th c dng phn bit c 3 dung dch trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch.

Cu 5:

Tr s th in cc tiu chun ca mt s din cc cho trong bng sau y:

in ccS th t ca in ccTh in cc chun (V)

Fe2+/Fe3+10,77

[Fe(CN)64-/[Fe(CN)63-20,36

NO, H2O/NO3-,H+30,96

NO2-, OH-/NO3-,H2O40,10

Al/Al3+5-1,66

Da vo s liu trn, hy:

1. Lp cc pin, tnh hiu th ca tng pin (ghi kt qu o c theo th t gim dn, thnh bng nh sau).

2. Ch r nh hng ca pH n mc d oxi ha ca NO3-.Th tPin gm

in cc in ccHiu th ca pin (theo V)

3. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn mi in cc v phn ng xy ra trong mi pin c to ra:

a) T in cc 2 vi in cc 5

b) T din cc 3 vi in cc 5

c) T in cc 3 vi in cc 4




Cu I:

1. Hy gi tn v sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch cch sp xp :

(CH3)4C ; CH3(CH2)4CH3 ; (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 CH3(CH2)3CH2OH ; (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH32. Hy cho bit cc phn ng di y thuc loi phn ng no (oxi ho, kh hoc phn ng khc)?

a. CH3CH2OH CH3CH=O CH3COOH

(2)

b. CH4 CH3OH H-COOH H-CH=O H2CO3c. CH3CH2OH CH3CH3

Cu II:

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to thnh A, B, C, D, M, N (vit dng cng thc cu to) theo s sau:

a) BrCH2CH2CH2CH =O A B

b) BrCH2CH2CH2COOH C D

c) HOCH2(CHOH)4CH =O M N

2. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch 1,3,5-triaminobenzen t toluen v cc hp cht v c thch hp.

Cu III:

T mt loi thc vt ngi ta CH=O

tch c hp cht (A) c cng H OH

thc phn t C18H32O16. Thu HO H

phn hon ton (A) thu c HO H

glucoz (B), fructoz (C) v H OH

glucoz (D): CH2OH (D)

1. Vit cng thc cu trc dng vng phng 5 cnh v 6 cnh ca galactoz.

2. Hiro ho glucoz, fructoz v galactoz thu c cc poliancol (ru a chc). Vit cng thc cu trc ca cc poliancol tng ng vi (B), (C) v (D).

3. Thu phn khng hon ton (A) nh enzim (-galactozidaza (enzim xc tc cho phn ng thu phn cc (-galactozit) thu c galactoz v saccaroz.

Metyl ho hon ton (A) nh hn hp CH3I v Ag2O, sau thu phn sn phm metyl ho thu c 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl galactoz (E) v 2,3,4-tri-O-metyl glucoz (G) v 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl fructoz (H).

Vit cng thc cu trc ca (E), (G), (H) v (A).

Cu IV:

1. a) un nng mt dn xut tetraclo ca benzen vi dd NaOH (theo t l mol 1:1) trong metanol, ri cho sn phm thu c tc dng vi natri monocloaxetat v sau cng l axit ho th thu c cht dit c 2,4,5-T.

Vit s cc phn ng xy ra, gi tn cht u v cc sn phm, nu tn c ch cc phn ng .

b) Trong qu trnh tng hp 2,4,5-T nu trn sinh ra mt sn phm ph c c tnh cc mnh v l thnh phn gy c mnh nht ca (cht c mu da cam (, l cht c (ioxin(:

Hy trnh by s phn ng to thnh ioxin.

2. a)Khi ch ho hn hp cc ng phn khng gian ca 2,3-ibrom-3-metylpentan vi km thu c cc hirocacbon khng no v km bromua.

Vit cng thc cu trc v gi tn cc hirocacbon .

b)S thu c sn phm no bng phn ng tng t nh trn nu xut pht t 2,4-ibrom-2-metylpentan.

Cu V:

1. Axit xinamic c iu ch theo s phn ng sau:

C6H5CH=O + (CH3CO)2O C6H5CH=CHCOOH + CH3COOH

Khi kt thc phn ng phi tin hnh tch benzanehit d ra khi hn hp. C mt hc sinh thc hin nh sau: cho dd KMnO4 c vo hn hp phn ng loi benzanehit d, sau axit ho hn hp n mi trng axit thu ly axit xinamic. Cch lm ny ng hay sai? Nu mt phng php khc tch c axit xinamic t hn hp sn phm.

2. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta iu ch etilen bng cch un nng etanol vi H2SO4 c khong 170oC. Gii thch ti sao cn dn sn phm li qua dd NaOH long.

3. Bnh cu A cha y metylamin (tos = - 6,5oC)

c y bng nt cao su c lp ng thu tinh, p bnh cu vo chu B cha nc c thm phenolphtalein(xem hnh bn).

Nu cc hin tng xy ra. Gii thch.




Cu I:

1) Cho cc cht sau: HNO3, Cu, Fe, Na, S, C, NaNO3, Cu(NO3)2, NH4NO3. Hy vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng c th to ra kh NO2, ghi r iu kin phn ng (nu c).

2) Mui amoni v mui kim loi kim ging v khc nhau c bn nhng im no? Nu ra mt vi th d c th.

3) Trong phng th nghim ho hc c 8 l ho cht mt nhn ng ring bit cc dd: NaCl; NaNO3; MgCl2; Mg(NO3)2; AlCl3; Al(NO3)3; CrCl3;Cr(NO3)3. Bng phng php ho hc, lm th no nhn bit c mi dd? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi iu kin (nu c)

4) Hy hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau y (c nh lut bo ton no c dng khi hon thnh phng trnh trn ?)

a. 92U238 ( 90Th230 + ...

b. 92U235 ( 82Pb206 + ...

Cu II:

1) xc nh hm lng oxi tan trong nc ngi ta ly 100,00ml nc ri cho ngay MnSO4 (d) v NaOH vo nc. Sau khi lc k (khng cho tip xc vi khng kh) Mn(OH)2 b oxi ho thnh MnO(OH)2. Thm axit (d), khi ly MnO(OH)2 b Mn2+ kh thnh Mn3+. Cho Kl (d) vo hn hp. Mn3+ oxi ho I- thnh I3-. Chun I3- ht 10,50ml Na2S2O3 9,800.10-3M

a. Vit cc phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra trong th nghim.

b. Tnh hm lng (mol/l) ca oxi tan trong nc.

2) T cc nguyn t O, Na, S to ra c cc mui A, B u c 2 nguyn t Na trong phn t. Trong mt th nghim ho hc ngi ta cho m1 gam mui A bin i thnh m2 gam mui B v 6,16 lt kh Z ti 27,3oC; 1atm. Bit rng hai khi lng khc nhau 16,0 gam.

a. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra vi cng thc c th ca A, B.

b. Tnh m1, m2.

Cu III:

1) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) ca kh clo, tinh th iot tc dng vi:

a. Dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng, khi un nng)

b. Dung dch NH3.

2) Trong cng ngh ho du, cc ankan c loi hiro chuyn thnh hirocacbon khng no c nhiu ng dng hn. Hy tnh nhit ca mi phn ng sau y:

C4H10 ( C4H6 + H2 ; (Ho1 (1)

CH4 ( C6H6 + H2 ; (Ho2 (2)

Bit nng lng lin kt. E theo kJ.mol-1, ca cc lin kt nh sau:

E. theo kJ.mol-1 435,9 416,3 409,1 587,3

Lin kt H-H C-H C-C C=C

(Vi cc lin kt C-H, C-C, cc tr s trn l trung bnh trong cc hp cht hirocacbon khc nhau).

Cu IV:

1. Hy vit phng trnh ho hc v cu hnh electron tng ng ca cht u, sn phm trong mi trng hp sau y:

a. Cu2+ (z=29) nhn thm 2e

b. Fe2+ (z=26) nhng bt 1e

c. Bro (z=35) nhn thm 1e

d. Hgo (z=80) nhng bt 2e

2. Ho tan 7,180 gam st cc cha Fe2O3 vo mt lng rt d dd H2SO4 long ri thm nc ct n th tch ng 500ml. Ly 25ml dd ri thm dn 12,50 ml dd KMnO4 0,096M th xut hin mu hng tm trong dd.

a. Xc nh hm lng (phn trm v khi lng) ca Fe tinh khit trong st cc.

b. Nu ly cng mt khi lng st cc c cng hm lng ca Fe tinh khit nhng cha tp cht FeO v lm li th nghim ging nh trn th lng dd KMnO4 0,096M cn dng l bao nhiu?

Cu V:

1. Cho: Eo 25oC ca cc cp Fe2+ / Fe v Ag+ / Ag tng ng bng -0,440V v 0,800V. Dng thm in cc hiro tiu chun, vit s ca pin c dng xc nh cc th in cc cho. Hy cho bit phn ng xy ra khi pin c lp t hai cp hot ng.

2. a. Hy sp xp cc nguyn t Natri, Kali, Liti li theo th t gim tr s nng lng ion ho th nht (I1). Da vo cn c no v cu to nguyn t a ra qui lut sp xp ?

b. Da vo cu hnh electron, hy gii thch s ln hn nng lng ion ho th nht (I1) ca Mg so vi Al (Mg c I1 = 7,644 eV; Al c I1 = 5,984 eV).-----o o-----

B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc - Bng A thi chnh thc Ngy thi: 14/3/2000


Cu I:

Cho s sau:

A, A1, B, B1, B2 ... D2 l cc hp cht hu c.

1) Hy ghi cc cht cn thit v iu kin phn ng trn cc mi tn.

2) Vit cng thc cu to ca tt c cc hp cht hu c s trn.

3) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to thnh glixerin trinitrat t n-butan theo s trn.

Cu II:

1) Tm hp cht hu c A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I u cha 35,56%C; 5,19%H; 59,26%Br trong phn t v u c t khi hi so vi nit l 4,822. un nng A hoc B vi dd NaOH u thu c anchit n-butiric, un nng C hoc D vi dd NaOH u thu c etylmetylxeton. A bn hn B, C bn hn D, E bn hn G, H v I u c cc nguyn t C* trong phn t.

a. Vit cng thc cu trc ca A, B, C, D, E, G, H v I.

b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

2) Hai xicloankan M v N u c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,25. Khi monoclo ho (c chiu sng) th M cho 4 hp cht, N ch cho 1 hp cht duy nht.

a.Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca M v N.

b. Gi tn cc sn phm to thnh theo danh php IUPAC.

c. Cho bit cu dng bn nht ca hp cht to thnh t N, gii thch.

Cu III: COOH

1) Axit xitric hay l axit limonic c cc gi tr pKa l 4,76; 3,13 v 6,40. Hy gi tn axit ny theo danh php IUPAC v ghi (c gii thch) tng gi tr pKa vo nhm chc thch hp.

2) un nng axit xitric ti 176oC thu c axit aconitic (C6H6O6). Kh axit aconitic sinh ra axit tricacbalylic (hay l axit propan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic). Nu tip tc un nng axit aconitic s thu c hn hp gm axit itaconic (C5H6O4, khng c ng phn hnh hc) v axit xitraconic (C5H6O4 c ng phn hnh hc); hai axit ny chuyn ho ngay thnh cc hp cht mch vng cng c cng thc phn t C5H4O3.

Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra di dng cc cng thc cu to v cho bit axit aconitic c ng phn hnh hc hay khng?

3)Ngi ta c th tng hp axit xitric xut pht t axeton v cc ho cht v c cn thit. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra.

Cu IV:

1) X l mt isaccarit khng kh c AgNO3 trong dd amoniac. Khi thu phn X sinh ra sn phm duy nht l M (D-andoz, c cng thc vng dng (). M ch khc D-riboz cu hnh nguyn t C2.

M N Q dn xut 2,3,4-tri-O-metyl ca M

a. Xc nh cng thc ca M, N, Q v X (dng vng phng).

b. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra.

2) t chy 0,2 mol hp cht A thuc loi tp chc thu c 26,2 gam kh CO2; 12,6 gam hi H2O v 2,24 lt kh N2 (ktc). Nu t chy 1 mol A cn 3,75 mol O2.

a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.

b. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn ca A. Bit rng A c tnh cht lng tnh, phn ng vi axit nit gii phng nit; vi ancol etylic c axit lm xc tc to thnh hp cht c cng thc C5H11O2N. Khi un nng A chuyn thnh hp cht vng c cng thc C6H10N2O2. Hy vit y cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi iu kin (nu c). A c ng phn loi g?

Cu V:

1) C 5 l ng ring bit cc cht: cumen hay l isopropylbenzen (A), ancol benzylic (B), anisol hay l metyl phenyl ete (C), benzanehit (D) v axit benzoic (E). Bit (A), (B), (C), (D) l cc cht lng.

a. Hy sp xp th t tng dn nhit si, gii thch.

b. Trong qu trnh bo qun cc cht trn, c 1 l ng cht lng thy xut hin tinh th. Hy gii thch hin tng bng phng trnh phn ng ho hc.

c. Hy cho bit cc cp cht no ni trn c th phn ng vi nhau. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v ghi iu kin (nu c).

2) Trong qu trnh iu ch metyl tert-butyl ete (MTBE) t ancol, ngi ta thu c thm 2 sn phm khc.

a. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch MTBE t hirocacbon.

b. Vit cng thc cu to 2 sn phm ni trn.

c. Vit cng thc cu to cc sn phm sinh ra v phng trnh phn ng khi cho MTBE tc dng vi HI.

3) C 1 hn hp cc cht rn gm: p-toluiin (p-metylanilin), axit benzoic, naphtalen. Trnh by ngn gn phng php ho hc tch ring tng cht.




Cu I (4 im): 1. Phng php sunfat c th iu ch c cht no: HF , HCl , HBr , HI ? Nu c cht khng iu ch c bng phng php ny, hy gii thch ti sao?

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v ghi r iu kin (nu c) minh ho.

2. Trong dy oxiaxit ca clo, axit hipoclor l quan trng nht. axit hipoclor c cc tnh cht: a) Tnh axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic; b) C tnh oxi ho mnh lit; c) Rt d b phn tch khi c nh sng mt tri, khi un nng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho cc tnh cht .

3. C cc dung dch (b mt nhn) : a) BaCl2 ; b) NH4Cl ; c) K2S ; d) Al2(SO4)3 ; e) MgSO4 ; g) KCl ; h) ZnCl2 . c dng thm dung dch phenolphtalein (khong pH chuyn mu t 8 - 10) hoc metyl da cam (khong pH chuyn mu t 3,1 - 4,4).

Hy nhn bit mi dung dch trn, vit cc phng trnh ion (nu c) gii thch.

4. Tm cch loi sch tp cht kh c trong kh khc v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra: a) CO c trong CO2 ; b) H2S c trong HCl ; c) HCl c trong H2S ;

d) HCl c trong SO2 ; e) SO3 c trong SO2 .

Cu II (3,5 im):1. Hy dng k hiu lng t biu din cc trng hp s lng electron trong mt obitan nguyn t.

2. Mi phn t XY3 c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 196; trong , s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht mang in ca Y l 76.

a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v XY3 .

b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y.

c) Da vo phn ng oxi ho - kh v phn ng trao i, hy vit phng trnh phn ng (ghi r iu kin, nu c) cc trng hp xy ra to thnh XY3.

Cu III (5 im):

1. Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng a) , b) sau y. Cho bit cc cp oxi ho - kh lin quan n phn ng v so snh cc gi tr Eo ca chng.

a) Zn[Hg(SCN)4] + IO3- + Cl- ICl + SO42- + HCN + Zn2+ + Hg2+

b) Cu(NH3)m2+ + CN- + OH- Cu(CN)2- + CNO- + H2O

2. Dung dch X c cht tan l mui M(NO3)2 . Ngi ta dng 200ml dung dch K3PO4 va phn ng vi 200ml dung dch X, thu c kt ta M3(PO4)2 v dung dch Y. Khi lng kt ta ( c sy kh) khc khi lng M(NO3)2 ban u l 6,825 gam.

in phn 400 ml dung dch X bng dng in I = 2 ampe ti khi thy khi lng catt khng tng thm na th dng, c dung dch Z. Gi thit s in phn c hiu sut 100%.

a) Hy tm nng ion ca dung dch X, dung dch Y, dung dch Z. Cho bit cc gn ng phi chp nhn khi tnh nng dung dch Y, dung dch Z.

b) Tnh thi gian (theo giy) in phn.

c) Tnh th tch kh thu c 27,3oC , 1atm trong s in phn.

Cu IV (4 im):

1. Sunfuryl iclorua SO2Cl2 l ho cht ph bin trong phn ng clo ho. Ti 350oC, 2 atm phn ng

SO2Cl2 (kh) SO2 (kh) + Cl2 (kh) (1)C Kp = 50 .

a) Hy cho bit n v ca tr s v gii thch: hng s cn bng Kp ny phi c n v nh vy.

b) Tnh phn trm theo th tch SO2Cl2(kh) cn li khi (1) t ti cn bng iu kin cho.

c) Ban u dng 150 mol SO2Cl2(kh), tnh s mol Cl2(kh) thu c khi (1) t ti cn bng.

Cc kh c coi l kh l tng.

2. a) Tnh in li ca dung dch CH3NH2 0,010M.

b) in li thay i ra sao khi

- Pha long dung dch ra 50 ln.

- Khi c mt NaOH 0,0010M.

- Khi c mt CH3COOH 0,0010M.

- Khi c mt HCOONa 1,00M.

Bit: CH3NH2 + H+ CH3NH3+ ; K = 1010,64 CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ ; K = 10-4,76Cu V(3,5 im):

Phn ng S2O82- + 2 I -

2 SO42- + I2 (1)

c kho st bng thc nghim nh sau: Trn dung dch KI vi dung dch h tinh bt, dung dch S2O32- ; sau thm dung dch S2O82- vo dung dch trn. Cc dung dch u c nng ban u thch hp.

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra; ti sao dung dch t khng mu chuyn sang mu xanh lam?

2. Ngi ta thu c s liu sau y:

Thi gian th nghim(theo giy)Nng I- (theo mol . l -1)

01,000

200,752

500,400

800,010

Dng s liu , hy tnh tc trung bnh ca phn ng (1).




Cu I (5 im):

1. Xut pht t brombenzen cha 14 C v tr 1 v cc ho cht v c cn thit khng cha 14 C, hy iu ch cc hp cht thm cha 14 C v tr 3 : a) Anilin ;

b) Iotbenzen ; c) Axit benzoic.

2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm t A n F :

3. Khi oxi ho etylenglicol bng HNO3 th to thnh mt hn hp 5 cht. Hy vit cng thc cu to phn t ca 5 cht v sp xp theo trt t gim dn nhit si ca chng (c gii thch).

Cu II (4 im):

Xinconiin (X) c cng thc cu to :

l ng phn lp th C9 ca xinconin (Y).

1. Hy ghi du * vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i v khoanh vng trn nguyn t nit c tnh baz mnh nht trong phn t X.

2. Cho t t dung dch HBr vo X nhit phng ri un nng nh, sinh ra cc sn phm chnh l A (C19H23BrON2) , B (C19H24Br2ON2) , C (C19H25Br3ON2) , v

D (C19H24Br4N2). Ch ho D vi dung dch KOH trong ru 90o thu c E (C19H20N2)

Hy vit cng thc cu to ca A , B , C , D , E. Ghi du * vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i trong phn t D v E.

3. Cho C6H5COCl vo X v Y thu c sn phm u c cng thc C26H26N2O2 (t l F v G). F v G c ng nht (cng l mt cht) hay khng? Chng c nhit nng chy ging hay khc nhau? ti sao?

Cu III (4 im):

1.C mt hn hp protit gm pepsin (pHI = 1,1), hemoglobin (pHI = 6,8) v prolamin (pHI = 12,0). Khi tin hnh in di dung dch protit nu trn pH = 7,0 th thu c 3 vt cht (xem hnh):

Xut pht

Cc Cc

A B C

Cho bit mi vt cht c trng cho protit no ? Gii thch.

2. Khi thu phn hon ton 1 mol tripeptit X thu c 2 mol axit glutamic

( HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH ), 1 mol alanin ( CH3CH(NH2)COOH ) v 1 mol NH3. X khng phn ng vi 2,4-initroflobenzen v X ch c mt nhm cacboxyl t do. Thu phn X nh enzim cacboxipeptiaza thu c alanin v mt ipeptit Y.

Vit cng thc cu to ca X , Y v gi tn chng.

Cu IV (4,5 im):

Melexitoz (C18H32O16) l ng khng kh, c trong mt ong. Khi thu phn hon ton 1 mol melexitoz bng axit s nhn c 2 mol D-glucoz v 1 mol D- fructoz. Khi thu phn khng hon ton s nhn c D-glucoz v isaccarit turanoz. Khi thu phn nh enzim mantaza s to thnh D-glucoz v D-fructoz, cn khi thu phn nh enzim khc s nhn c saccaroz.

Metyl ho 1 mol melexitoz ri thu phn s nhn c 1 mol 1,4,6-tri-O-metyl-D-fructoz v 2 mol 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-glucoz.

1. Hy vit cng thc cu trc ca melexitoz. Vit cng thc cu trc v gi tn h thng ca turanoz.

2. Hy ch ra rng, vic khng hnh thnh fomanehit trong sn phm oxi ho bng HIO4 chng t c cu trc furanoz hoc piranoz i vi mt xch fructoz v piranoz hoc heptanoz (vng 7 cnh) i vi mt xch glucoz.

3. Cn bao nhiu mol HIO4 phn hu hai mt xch glucoz c cu trc heptanoz v s nhn c bao nhiu mol axit fomic?

Cu V (2,5 im):

1. Clorofom tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh sng s b oxi ha thnh photgen rt c. nga c ngi ta bo qun clorofom bng cch cho thm mt lng nh ancol etylic chuyn photgen thnh cht khng c.

Vit phng trnh phn ng oxi ha clorofom bng oxi khng kh thnh photgen, phn ng ca photgen vi ancol etylic v gi tn sn phm.

2. un nng vi git clorofom vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sau nh thm vi git dung dch KMnO4 thy hn hp xut hin mu xanh. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch s xut hin mu xanh.

3. Khi tin hnh iu ch axit lactic t anehit axetic v axit xianhiric, ngoi sn phm mong mun ta cn thu c hp cht X (C6H8O4). Vit cng thc cu to ca X v cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch D-fructoz t D-glucoz, bit rng D-glucozazon khi tc dng vi benzandehit to thnh ozon ca D-glucoz (HOCH2(CHOH)3COCHO).

2. Chitin (tch t v tm, cua...) c coi nh l dn xut ca xenluloz, trong cc nhm hidroxyl cc nguyn t C2 c thay th bng cc nhm axetylamino ( -NH-CO-CH3 ).

a) Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch ca phn t chitin.

b) Gi tn mt mt xch ca chitin.

c) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi un nng chitin vi dung dch HCl c (d), un nng chitin vi dung dch NaOH c (d).

Cu III (5 im): (thay cu III bng A, dng cho bng B)

1. Cho hn hp ng phn t gm axit benzoic v axit p-metoxibenzoic tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c.

Vit cng thc cu to hai sn phm mononitro chnh v cho bit cht no to thnh vi s mol nhiu hn? Hy so snh tnh axit ca cc cht gm hai axit u v hai sn phm, gii thch.

2. C cc hp cht sau: H3NCH2COO (A) , H2NCH2CONH2 (B) , H2N-CO-NH2 (C) , CH3CHOHCOOH (D). Cho bit tng hp cht trn thuc loi hp cht c chc hu c no? Vit phng trnh phn ng ca tng hp cht trn vi:

a) Dung dch HCl (d, nng) ; b) Dung dch NaOH (d, nng).

b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia

lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng BThi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )

Ngy thi : 13 / 3 / 2001

Cu I (5 im):

1. Xut pht t brombenzen cha 14 C v tr 1 v cc ho cht v c cn thit khng cha 14 C, hy iu ch cc hp cht thm cha 14 C v tr 3 : a) Anilin ;

b) Iotbenzen ; c) Axit benzoic.

2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm t A n F :

Na2Cr2O4 2 H

Cl2 (1 mol) H2O C D Benzen (1 mol) A B FeCl3 tO , p HNO3 (1 mol) Fe, HCl

E F3. Khi oxi ho etylenglicol bng HNO3 th to thnh mt hn hp 5 cht. Hy vit cng thc cu to phn t ca 5 cht v sp xp theo trt t gim dn nhit si ca chng (c gii thch).

Cu II (3,5 im):

N

Xinconiin (X) c cng thc cu to :

CH=CH2 C9HOH

l ng phn lp th C9 ca xinconin (Y).

N

1. Hy ghi du ( vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i v khoanh vng trn nguyn t nit c tnh baz mnh nht trong phn t X.

2. Cho t t dung dch HBr vo X nhit phng ri un nng nh, sinh ra cc sn phm chnh l A (C19H23BrON2) , B (C19H24Br2ON2) , C (C19H25Br3ON2) , v

D (C19H24Br4N2). Ch ho D vi dung dch KOH trong ru 90o thu c E (C19H20N2)

Hy vit cng thc cu to ca A , B , C , D , E. Ghi du ( vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i trong phn t D v E.

Cu III (5 im):

1. Cho hn hp ng phn t gm axit benzoic v axit p-metoxibenzoic tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c.

Vit cng thc cu to hai sn phm mononitro chnh v cho bit cht no to thnh vi s mol nhiu hn? Hy so snh tnh axit ca cc cht gm hai axit u v hai sn phm, gii thch.

2. C cc hp cht sau: H3NCH2COO (A) , H2NCH2CONH2(B) , H2N-CO-NH2 (C) , CH3CHOHCOOH (D). Cho bit tng hp cht trn thuc loi hp cht c chc hu c no? Vit phng trnh phn ng ca tng hp cht trn vi :

a) Dung dch HCl (d, nng) ; b) Dung dch NaOH (d, nng).

Cu IV (4,5 im):

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch D-fructoz t D-glucoz, bit rng

D-glucozazon khi tc dng vi benzanehit to thnh ozon ca D-glucoz (HOCH2(CHOH)3COCHO).

2. Chitin (tch t v tm, cua...) c coi nh l dn xut ca xenluloz, trong cc nhm hiroxyl cc nguyn t C2 c thay th bng cc nhm axetylamino ( -NH-CO-CH3 ).

d) Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch ca phn t chitin.

e) Gi tn mt mt xch ca chitin.

c) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi un nng chitin vi dung dch HCl c (d), un nng chitin vi dung dch NaOH c (d).

Cu V (2 im):

1. Clorofom tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh sng s b oxi ha thnh photgen rt c. nga c ngi ta bo qun clorofom bng cch cho thm mt lng nh ancol etylic chuyn photgen thnh cht khng c.

Vit phng trnh phn ng oxi ha clorofom bng oxi khng kh thnh photgen, phn ng ca photgen vi ancol etylic v gi tn sn phm.

2. un nng vi git clorofom vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sau nh thm vi git dung dch KMnO4 thy hn hp xut hin mu xanh. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch s xut hin mu xanh.

b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b Mn : ho hc Bng A

Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )

Ngy thi th nht : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)

Cu I :

1. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc t Na2Cr2O7 , C (than ), Al (bt nhm) v cc iu kin cn thit thu c Cr.

2. CrO2Cl2 (cromyl clorua) l mt ho cht quan trng. Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc to ra CrO2Cl2 t:

a) CrO3 tc dng vi axit HCl.

b) Cho K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi KCl tronh H2SO4 c, nng.

3. Thm cht thch hp v hon thnh phng trnh ho hc sau:

a) KNO2 + KNO3 + ?

K2CrO4 + NO

b) NaNO2 + ? + NaI

I2 + NaHSO4 + NO + H2O

c) HNO3 + P2O5 ? + N2O5Cu II :

1. Vn dng l thuyt Bronstet v axit baz hy gii thch tnh axit baz trong dung dch nc ca cc cht sau:

a) BaCl2 ; b) K2S ; c) NH4HS ; d) NaHSO3

2. Hy trnh by 3 th nghim minh ho tnh cht axit baz trong mi dung dch : a) NH4HSO4 ; b) Na2CO3 (m t cch th nghim v gii thch).

3. Cho NaOH (d) vo hn hp X gm c Zn2+ ; Pb2+ ; Fe3+ ; Cu2+ ; Mg2+ ; NO3- s c kt ta A v dung dch B.

Hy nu phng php ho hc xc nhn cc cht c mt trong kt ta A v dung dch B(nu r nhn bit) Vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra.

Cu III :

1. Thm dn dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha H+ 0,100M ; Fe3+ 1,0.10-3M v Mg2+ 0,100M cho n d. Cho bit c hin tng g xy ra?

2. Gi s tng nng NaOH cho vo l 0,2030 M. Hy tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch (khi tnh khng k s to phc hiroxo ca cc ion kim loi).

Cho: Tch s tan Mg(OH)2: 10 10,95

Fe(OH)3 : 10 37,5.

Cu IV :

1. Hai mui ca cng mt axit lm i mu khc nhau i vi giy qu tm, to kt ta trng vi nc vi trong v to kt ta vng vi dung dch AgNO3 l nhng mui no? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh.

2. a) Nu dn chng c th cho thy Cu2O bn vi nhit hn CuO v CuCl bn vi nhit hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn.

b) Nu dn chng c th cho thy trong nc CuCl km bn hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn.

c) Th in cc chun ca cp Cu2+/ Cu+ l 0,15V, ca cp I2/ 2I- l 0,54V nhng ti sao ngi ta c th nh lng ion Cu2+ trong dung dch nc thng qua tc dng ca ion vi dung dch KI? Cho bit dung dch bo ho ca CuI trong nc nhit thng c nng l10-6M.

Cu V :

1. Hy thit lp s pin sao cho khi pin phng in th xy ra phn ng kh ion Fe3+ bi Cu . Vit phng trnh cc na phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc.

2. Tnh sc in ng tiu chun ca pin (Eopin)khi pin mi bt u hot ng.

3. Tnh nng cc cht cn li trong cc dung dch khi pin phng in hon ton (gi s nng cc cht trc phn ng u bng 0,010M).

4. Sc in ng ca pin s tng hay gim nu:

- Thm mt t KI

- Thm t NH3vo dung dch cc ng (dung dch A).

- Thm mt t KMnO4 (mi trng axit)

- Thm t NaF

- Thm t NaOH

vo dung dch ca cc cha Fe3+ (dung dch B).

Cho Eo Cu2+/ Cu+ = 0,34V ; Eo Cu+/ Cu = 0,52V

Eo Fe3+/ Fe2+ = 0,77V ; Eo Fe2+/ Fe = - 0,40V

b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b Mn : ho hc Bng B


Ngy thi th nht : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)

Cu I :

1. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc t Na2Cr2O7 , C (than ), Al (bt nhm) v cc iu kin cn thit thu c Cr.

2. CrO2Cl2 (cromyl clorua) l mt ho cht quan trng. Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc to ra CrO2Cl2 t:

a) CrO3 tc dng vi axit HCl.

b) Cho K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi KCl tronh H2SO4 c, nng.

3. Thm cht thch hp v hon thnh phng trnh ho hc sau:

a) KNO2 + KNO3 + ?

K2CrO4 + NO

b) NaNO2 + ? + NaI

I2 + NaHSO4 + NO + H2O

c) HNO3 + P2O5 ? + N2O5Cu II :

1. Vn dng l thuyt Bronstet v axit-baz hy gii thch tnh axit-baz trong dung dch nc ca cc cht sau:

a) BaCl2 ; b) K2S ; c) NH4HS ; d) NaHSO3

2. Hy trnh by 3 th nghim minh ho tnh cht axit baz trong mi dung dch : a) NH4HSO4 ; b) Na2CO3 (m t cch th nghim v gii thch).

3. Cho NaOH (d) vo hn hp X gm c Zn2+ ; Pb2+ ; Fe3+ ; Cu2+ ; Mg2+ ; NO3- s c kt ta A v dung dch B.

Hy nu phng php ho hc xc nhn cc cht c mt trong kt ta A v dung dch B (nu r nhn bit) Vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra.

Cu III :

1. Thm dn dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha H+ 0,100M ; Fe3+ 1,0.10-3M v Mg2+ 0,100M cho n d. Cho bit c hin tng g xy ra?

2. Gi s tng nng NaOH cho vo l 0,2030 M. Hy tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch (khi tnh khng k s to phc hiroxo ca cc ion kim loi).

Cho: Tch s tan Mg(OH)2: 10 10,95

Fe(OH)3 : 10 37,5.

Cu IV :

1. Hai mui ca cng mt axit lm i mu khc nhau i vi giy qu tm, to kt ta trng vi nc vi trong v to kt ta vng vi dung dch AgNO3 l nhng mui no? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh.

2. a) Nu dn chng c th cho thy Cu2O bn vi nhit hn CuO v CuCl bn vi nhit hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn.

b) Nu dn chng c th cho thy trong nc CuCl km bn hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn.

c) Th in cc chun ca cp Cu2+/ Cu+ l 0,15V, ca cp I2/ 2I- l 0,54V nhng ti sao ngi ta c th nh lng ion Cu2+ trong dung dch nc thng qua tc dng ca ion vi dung dch KI? Cho bit dung dch bo ho ca CuI trong nc nhit thng c nng l10 -6M.


lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b Mn : ho hc Bng A


Ngy thi th hai : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)

Cu I :

1.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca:

a) Axit axetic (pKa = 4,76) , phenol (pKa = 10) vi :

Dung dch NaHCO3 Dung dch Na2CO3Bit H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,4 v pKa2 = 10,3

b) Dung dch CH3COONa , dung dch C6H5ONa vi CO2

2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng (cc sn phm vit dng cng thc cu to) theo cc s chuyn ho sau:

CH3OH(dung mi)

a) C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2

A +B

H2SO4 , tob) C6H5CH=CH2

C(C16H16)

Nu tn cc c ch ca phn ng a) v b).

COOH

CO2 H+ (CH3CO)2O OCOCH3f) C6H5ONa

M

N

6 at, 125oC

(Aspirin)

Cu II :

Hp cht thin nhin X cha 66,67% cacbon; 6,67% hiro; cn li l oxi. Bit phn t khi ca X l 180.

X tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O cho A(C14H16O5), vi HBr lnh cho B (C10H11BrO2, gm hai ng phn c to B1 v B2), vi CH3I (c mt baz) cho D (C11H14O3),vi HI nng cho CH3I , v vi O3 ri Zn / HCl (dung dch) cho E (C8H8O3).

E tc dng vi HI nng cng cho CH3I, ngoi ra E cn kh c AgNO3. X , B , v E tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng khng tan trong dung dch NaHCO3.

A v D khng tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng d lm mt mu KMnO4 long ngui v brom long.

1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cc nhm chc c trong phn t X.

2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , A , B , D v E ; bit rng E l ng phn c pKa gn thp nht.

3. Dng cc cng thc cu to thu gn vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Gii thch ti sao sinh ra hai ng phn ca B.

4. Gi tn X , B1 , E.

Cu III :

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng monoclo ho sec-butyl clorua, gi tn cc sn phm to thnh.

2. Nu xut pht t (S)-sec-butyl clorua th s nhn c bao nhiu hp cht quang hot? Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn theo danh php R , S.

3. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm :

Cl2 (1 mol) HNO3 (1 mol) HN(C2H5)2 Fe, HCl

a) Benzen (1 mol) A B C D AlCl3 H2SO4

CH3I (1 mol)

HNO3 (1 mol) Fe, HCl G

b) Phenol (1 mol) E F ClCH2COOH

H

Cu IV :

Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du hi l anetol (C10H12O). Cho anetol phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 trong nc th to thnh kali axetat, kali p-metoxi benzoat v MnO2.

1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anetol, vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn khng gian c th c v gi tn IUPAC ca chng.

2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ngh cch tch ly axit p-metoxi benzoic t hn hp sau phn ng.

3. Dng cng thc cu to, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca anetol vi: a) Br2/ CCl4; b) HCl

;c) Cl2 + H2O

4. Khi un nng vi xc tc, anetol thng b ho nha. Hy gii thch.


lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b Mn : ho hc Bng B


Ngy thi th hai : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)

Cu I :

1.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca:

a) Axit axetic (pKa = 4,76) , phenol (pKa = 10) vi :

Dung dch NaHCO3 Dung dch Na2CO3Bit H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,4 v pKa2 = 10,3

b) Dung dch CH3COONa , dung dch C6H5ONa vi CO2

2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng (cc sn phm vit dng cng thc cu to) theo cc s chuyn ho sau:

CH3OH(dung mi)

a) C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2

A +B

H2SO4 , tob) C6H5CH=CH2

C(C16H16)

Nu tn cc c ch ca phn ng a) v b).

COOH

CO2 H+ (CH3CO)2O OCOCH3g) C6H5ONa

M

N

6 at, 125oC

(Aspirin)

Cu II :

Hp cht thin nhin X cha 66,67% cacbon; 6,67% hiro; cn li l oxi. Bit phn t khi ca X l 180.

X tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O cho A(C14H16O5), vi HBr lnh cho B (C10H11BrO2, gm hai ng phn c to B1 v B2), vi CH3I (c mt baz) cho D (C11H14O3),vi HI nng cho CH3I , v vi O3 ri Zn / HCl (dung dch) cho E (C8H8O3).

E tc dng vi HI nng cng cho CH3I, ngoi ra E cn kh c AgNO3. X , B , v E tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng khng tan trong dung dch NaHCO3.

A v D khng tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng d lm mt mu KMnO4 long ngui v bom long.

1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cc nhm chc c trong phn t X.

2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , A , B , D v E ; bit rng E l ng phn c pKa gn thp nht.

Cu III :

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng monoclo ho sec-butyl clorua, gi tn cc sn phm to thnh.

2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm :

Cl2 (1 mol) HNO3 (1 mol) HN(C2H5)2 Fe, HCl

a) Benzen (1 mol) A B C D AlCl3 H2SO4 CH3I (1 mol)

HNO3 (1 mol) Fe, HCl G

b) Phenol (1 mol) E F ClCH2COOH

H

Cu IV :

Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du hi l anetol (C10H12O). Cho anetol phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 trong nc th to thnh kali axetat, kali p-metoxi benzoat v MnO2.

1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anetol, vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn khng gian c th c v gi tn IUPAC ca chng.

2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ngh cch tch ly axit p-metoxi benzoic t hn hp sau phn ng.

3. Dng cng thc cu to, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca anetol vi: a) Br2/ CCl4; b) HCl

;c) Cl2 + H2O

4. Khi un nng vi xc tc, anetol thng b ho nha. Hy gii thch.


lp 12 thpt nm hc 2001-2002 E THI CHNH THC Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )

Ngy thi : 13 / 3 / 2002

Cu I:(4 im)

1. Khi xiclotrime ho 1,3-butaien vi s c mt ca cht xc tc c kim, ngi ta iu ch c (Z, E, E)-1,5,9-xiclooecatrien. y l mt phng php n gin iu ch hidrocacbon vng ln. Khi dng cht xc tc thch hp l cc phc (-alyl ca kim loi chuyn tip ngi ta iu ch c (E, E, E)-1,5,9-xiclododecatrien v (Z, Z, E)-1,5,9-xiclododecatrien. Hy vit cng thc cu to ca 3 hp cht trn.

2. Sp xp s tng dn tnh baz (c gii thch) ca cc cht trong tng dy sau:

(a) CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH, CH2=CH-CH2-NH2, CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2, CH(C-CH2-NH2 .

(b) -NH-CH3 , -CH2-NH2 , C6H5-CH2-NH2, p-O2N-C6H4-NH2.

Cu II: (5,5 im)1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ho sau (cc cht t A, ... G2 l cc hp cht hu c, vit dng cng thc cu to):

Fe Cl2 (1 mol) Mg 1) Etilen oxit H2SO4 Br2 (1 mol) E1 + E2C6H5-CH3 A B C D

(1 mol) a.s. ete khan 2) H2O/H+ 15OC (1 mol) a.s. G1 + G2

2. (3,5 im). Vit s phn ng iu ch cc hp cht sau y, ghi r cc iu kin phn ng (nu c):

a) T etanol v cc ho cht v c cn thit, iu ch:

(A) Propin (khng qu 8 giai on). (B) 1,1-icloetan (qua 4 giai on).

b) T benzen v cc cht v c, hu c (cha khng qu 3 nguyn t cacbon), iu ch:

(C) (D)

Cu III: (2,5 im)

Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C7H9N. Cho A phn ng vi

C2H5Br (d), sau vi NaOH thu c hp cht B c cng thc phn t C11H17N. Nu cng cho A phn ng vi C2H5Br nhng c xc tc AlCl3 (khan) th to ra hp cht C c cng cng thc phn t vi B (C11H17N). Cho A phn ng vi H2SO4 (c) 180oC to hp cht D c cng thc phn t C7H9O6S2N, sau khi ch ho D vi NaOH 300oC ri vi HCl s cho sn phm E (E c phn ng mu vi FeCl3). Mt khc, nu cho A phn ng vi NaNO2 trong HCl 5oC, ri cho phn ng vi (-naphtol trong dung dch NaOH th thu c sn phm c mu G.

Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, D, E, G v vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) minh ho. Cu IV: (5,5 im)Thu phn mt protein (protit) thu c mt s aminoaxit c cng thc v pKa nh sau:

Ala CH3CH(NH2)COOH (2,34; 9,69); Pro COOH (1,99; 10,60);

Ser HOCH2CH(NH2)COOH (2,21; 9,15); NAsp HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH (1,88; 3,65;9,60); HOrn H2N(CH2(3CH(NH2)COOH (2,10; 8,90; 10,50); Arg H2NC(=NH)NH(CH2(3CH(NH2)COOH (2,17; 9,04; 12,48);

1. Vit tn IUPAC v cng thc Fis pHI ca Arg, Asp, Orn. Trn mi cng thc hy ghi (trong ngoc) gi tr pKa bn cnh nhm chc thch hp. Bit nhm -NHC(=NH)NH2 c tn l guaniino.

2. Ala v Asp c trong thnh phn cu to ca aspactam (mt cht c ngt cao hn saccaroz ti 160 ln). Thu phn hon ton aspactam thu c Ala, Asp v CH3OH. Cho aspactam tc dng vi 2,4-initroflobenzen ri thu phn th c dn xut 2,4-initrophenyl ca Asp v mt sn phm c cng thc C4H9NO2. Vit cng thc Fis v tn y ca aspactam, bit rng nhm (-COOH ca Asp khng cn t do.

3. Arg, Pro v Ser c trong thnh phn cu to ca nonapeptit braikinin. Thu phn braikinin sinh ra Pro-Pro-Gly ; Ser-Pro-Phe ; Gly-Phe-Ser ; Pro-Phe-Arg ; Arg-Pro-Pro ; Pro-Gly-Phe ; Phe-Ser-Pro.

a) Dng k hiu 3 ch ci (Arg, Pro, Gly,...), cho bit trnh t cc aminoaxit trong phn t braikinin.

b) Vit cng thc Fis v cho bit nonapeptit ny c gi tr pHI trong khong no? (( 6; > 6).

Cu V: (2,5 im)

1. Oxi ho 150 mg amiloz bi NaIO4 thu c 0,0045 mmol axit fomic.

(a) Tnh s lng trung bnh cc gc glucoz trong phn t amiloz; bit rng khi oxi ho 1 mol amiloz bng NaIO4, s gc glucoz u mch to ra 1 mol axit fomic, s gc glucoz cui mch to ra 2 mol axit fomic.

(b) Vit s cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

2. Vit s cc phng trnh phn ng chuyn D-glucoz thnh L-guloz c cng thc bn.


lp 12 thpt nm hc 2001-2002 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng AThi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )

Ngy thi : 12 / 3 / 2002

Cu I: (5 im).1. Liu php phng x c ng dng rng ri cha ung th. C s ca liu php l s bin i ht nhn.

27Co59 + 0n1 ( X?

(1)

X? ( 28Ni60 + ... ; h( = 1,25 MeV

(2)

(a) Hy hon thnh phng trnh ca s bin i ht nhn trn v nu r nh lut no c p dng hon thnh phng trnh.

(b) Hy cho bit im khc nhau gia phn ng ht nhn vi phn ng oxi ho-kh (ly th d t phn ng (2) v phn ng Co + Cl2 ( CoCl2).

2. C cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 (1)

(a) Dng k hiu lng t biu din cu hnh electron (1).

(b) Cu hnh electron (1) l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t hay ion ? Ti sao ?

(c) Cho bit tnh cht ho hc c trng ca ion hay nguyn t ng vi cu hnh electron (1), hy vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ha.

3. Bit En = -13,6. (n: s lng t chnh, Z: s n v in tch ht nhn).

(a) Tnh nng lng1e trong trng lc mt ht nhn ca mi h N6+, C5+, O7+.

(b) Qui lut lin h gia En vi Z tnh c trn phn nh mi lin h no gia ht nhn vi electron trong cc h ?

(c) Tr s nng lng tnh c c quan h vi nng lng ion ho ca mi h trn hay khng ? Tnh nng lng ion ho ca mi h.

4. p dng thuyt lai ho gii thch kt qu ca thc nghim xc nh c BeH2, CO2 u l phn t thng.

Cu II: (6 im).1. Bit th oxi ho-kh tiu chun :

EoCu2+/Cu+ = +0,16V, EoCu+/Cu = +0,52V, Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0,77V, EoFe2+/Fe = -0,44V

Hy cho bit hin tng g xy ra trong cc trng hp sau:

(a) Cho bt st vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M.

(b) Cho bt ng vo dung dch CuSO4 1M.

2. Dung dch X gm Na2S 0,010M, KI 0,060M, Na2SO4 0,050M.

(a) Tnh pH ca dung dch X.

(b) Thm dn Pb(NO3)2 vo dung dch X cho n nng 0,090M th thu c kt ta A v dung dch B.

i Cho bit thnh phn ho hc ca kt ta A v dung dch B.

ii Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch B (khng k s thu phn ca cc ion, coi th tch dung dch khng thay i khi thm Pb(NO3)2).

iii Nhn bit cc cht c trong kt ta A bng phng php ho hc, vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c).

(c) Axit ho chm dung dch X n pH = 0. Thm FeCl3 cho n nng 0,10M.

i Tnh th ca cc platin nhng trong dung dch thu c so vi cc calomen bo ho (Hg2Cl2/2Hg,2Cl-).

ii Biu din s pin, vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc v phn ng tng qut khi pin hot ng.

Cho : axit c H2S pK1 = 7,00, pK2 = 12,90; HSO4- c pK = 2,00; Tch s tan ca PbS = 10-26 ; PbSO4 = 10-7,8 ; PbI2 = 10-7,6.

Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,77 V ; Eo S/H2S = 0,14V ; Eo I2/2I- = 0,54V ; Ecal bo ho = 0,244V

Cu III: (3 im).

Cho dng in 0,5A i qua dung dch mui ca mt axit hu c trong 2 gi. Kt qu sau qu trnh in phn l trn catt to ra 3,865 gam mt kim loi v trn ant c kh etan v kh cacbonic thot ra.

1. Cho bit mui ca kim loi no b in phn? Bit rng 5,18 gam ca kim loi y c 1,59 gam Cu t dung dch ng sunfat.

2. Cho bit mui ca axit hu c no b in phn?

3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc.

Cu IV: (2,5 im).Ti 25oC phn ng 2 N2O5 (k) 4 NO2 (k) + O2 (k) c hng s tc k = 1,8.10-5. s-1 ; biu thc tnh tc phn ng v = k.CN2O5. Phn ng trn xy ra trong bnh kn th tch 20,0 lit khng i. Ban u lng N2O5 cho va y bnh. thi im kho st, p sut ring ca N2O5 l 0,070 atm . Gi thit cc kh u l kh l tng.

1. Tnh tc : a) tiu th N2O5 ; b) hnh thnh NO2 ; O2.

2. Tnh s phn t N2O5 b phn tch sau 30 giy.

3. Nu phn ng trn c phng trnh N2O5 (k) 2 NO2 (k) + 1/2 O2 (k) th tr s tc phn ng, hng s tc phn ng c thay i khng? Gii thch.

Cu V: (3,5 im).

Kh NO kt hp vi hi Br2 to ra mt kh duy nht trong phn t c 3 nguyn t.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

2. Bit phn ng trn thu nhit, ti 25oC c Kp = 116,6. Hy tnh Kp (ghi r n v) ti 0oC ; 50oC. Gi thit rng t s gia hai tr s hng s cn bng ti 0oC vi 25oC hay 25oC vi 50oC u bng 1,54.

3. Xt ti 25oC, cn bng ho hc c thit lp. Cn bng s chuyn dch nh th no? Nu:

a) Tng lng kh NO.

b) Gim lng hi Br2.

c) Gim nhit .

d) Thm kh N2 vo h m:

- Th tch bnh phn ng khng i (V = const)

- p sut chung ca h khng i (P = const).


lp 12 thpt nm hc 2002-2003 thi chnh thc

Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )

Ngy thi : 12 / 3 / 2003

Cu I:

1. Nhm clorua khi ho tan vo mt s dung mi hoc khi bay hi nhit khng qu

cao th tn ti dng ime (Al2Cl6). nhit cao (7000C) ime b phn li thnh monome (AlCl3). Vit cng thc cu to Lewis ca phn t ime v monome; Cho bit kiu lai ho ca nguyn t nhm, kiu lin kt trong mi phn t ; M t cu trc hnh hc ca cc phn t .

2. Phn t HF v phn t H2O c momen lng cc, phn t khi gn bng nhau (HF 1,91

Debye, H2O 1,84 Debye, MHF 20, 18); nhng nhit nng chy ca hiroflorua l

830C thp hn nhiu so vi nhit nng chy ca nc l 00C, hy gii thch v sao?

Cu II:

1. Trong phng th nghim c cc dung dch b mt nhn: AlCl3, NaCl, KOH, Mg(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3. Dng thm mt thuc th, hy nhn bit mi dung dch. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c).

2. Dung dch bo ha H2S c nng 0,100 M. Hng s axit ca H2S: K1 = 1,0 x 10-7 v

K2 = 1,3 x 10-13.

a) Tnh nng ion sunfua trong dung dch H2S 0,100 M khi iu chnh pH = 2,0.

b) Mt dung dch A cha cc cation Mn2+, Co2+, v Ag+ vi nng ban u ca mi ion

u bng 0,010 M. Ho tan H2S vo A n bo ho v iu chnh pH = 2,0 th ion no to

kt ta.

Cho: TMnS = 2,5 x 10-10 ; TCoS = 4,0 x 10 21 ; TAg2S = 6,3 x 10-503. Kim loi A phn ng vi phi kim B to hp cht C mu vng cam. Cho 0,1 mol hp

cht C phn ng vi CO2 (d) to thnh hp cht D v 2,4 gam B. Ha tan hon ton Dvo nc, dung dch D phn ng ht 100 ml dung dch HCl 1 M gii phng 1,12 l kh

CO2 (ktc). Hy xc nh A, B, C, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit hp

cht C cha 45,07 % B theo khi lng; hp cht D khng b phn tch khi nng chy.

Cu III:Phng trnh phn ng iot ho axeton trong dung dch c xc tc axit:

CH3 C CH3 + I2 CH3 C CH2I + HI

O (A) (B) O (E) (F)CH3 C CH3 v CH3 C = CH2 +OH OHThc nghim cho thy phn ng l bc nht i vi axeton v bc nht i vi H+. Mt khc, thc nghim cng cho thy trong qu trnh

phn ng c to ra cc cht trung gian

T ngi ta nu gi thit phn ng trn xy ra qua 3 giai on.

a) Vit phng trnh biu din nh lut tc ca phn ng v cho bit n v (th nguyn) ca hng s tc phn ng.

b) Vit biu thc biu din tc phn ng qua: tc tiu hao (A), (B); tc to thnh

(E), (F)

c) Vit phng trnh biu din 3 giai on ca phn ng. Giai on no quyt nh tc

phn ng. Hy chng minh c ch anh (ch) nu ra ph hp vi phng trnh vit (a).

d) Mt th nghim, ngi ta ly nng ban u ca axeton, iot v ion H+ u bng 0,1M. Sau 30 pht, nng axeton gim bt 15% so vi nng ban u. Tc to thnh HI ti thi im 30 pht l 3,47.10-5 mol. L-1. pht-1. Hy tnh hng s tc phn ng.

Cu IV:

1. Phn ng gia AgNO3 vi KCl trong dung dch to thnh kt ta AgCl v gii phng nng lng. Ta c th to ra mt t bo in ho (pin) sinh cng in nh phn ng .

a) Vit cng thc ca t bo in ho theo quy tc IUPAC v cc na phn ng in cc ti anot v catot.

b) Tnh ca phn ng kt ta AgCl v Eca t bo in ho.

Cho: TAgCl 250C bng 1,6. 10 10 .

2. in phn 50 ml dung dch HNO3 c pH = 5,0 vi in cc than ch trong 30 gi, dng in 1A.

a) Vit na phn ng ti cc in cc v phng trnh phn ng chung.

b) Tnh pH ca dung dch sau khi in phn.

c) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,0001 mol/L cn trung ha dung dch sau khi in phn.

d) Hy cho bit nn dng cht ch th no xc nh im dng ca phn ng trung ha.

Coi khi lng ring ca dung dch HNO3 long l 1 g/ml

Cu V :

Khi nung nng n nhit cao PCl5 b phn li theo phng trnh

PCl5 (k) PCl3 (k) + Cl2 (k)

1. Cho m gam PCl5 vo mt bnh dung tch V, un nng bnh n nhit T (K) xy ra

phn ng phn li PCl5. Sau khi t ti cn bng p sut kh trong bnh bng p. Hy thit

lp biu thc ca Kp theo phn li ( v p sut p. Thit lp biu thc ca kc theo (, m, V.2. Trong th nghim 1 thc hin nhit T1 ngi ta cho 83,300 gam PCl5 vo bnh dung tch V1. Sau khi t ti cn bng o c p bng 2,700 atm. Hn hp kh trong bnh c t khi so vi hiro bng 68,862. Tnh ( v Kp.

3. Trong th nghim 2 gi nguyn lng PCl5 v nhit nh th nghim 1 nhng thay

dung tch l V2 th o c p sut cn bng l 0,500 atm. Tnh t s .

4. Trong th nghim 3 gi nguyn lng PCl5 v dung tch bnh V1 nh th nghim 1

nhng h nhit ca bnh n T3 = 0,9 T1 th o c p sut cn bng l 1,944 atm.

Tnh Kp v (. T cho bit phn ng phn li PCl5 thu nhit hay pht nhit.

Cho: Cl = 35,453 ; P : 30,974 ; H = 1,008 ; Cc kh u l kh l tng.


lp 12 thpt nm hc 2002-2003 thi chnh thc

Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )

Ngy thi : 13 / 3 / 2003

Cu I:

1. Khi c mt enzim aconitaza, axit aconitic b hidrat ha to thnh axit A khng quang hot v axit B quang hot theo mt cn bng:

a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A v B, ghi tn y ca chng v ca axit aconitic theo danh php IUPAC. Axit A c pKa: 3,1 ; 4,8 ; 6,4. Ghi cc gi tr pKa bn cnh nhm chc thch hp.

b) Vit s iu ch A t axeton v cc cht v c cn thit.

2. Ozon phn mt tecpen A (C10H16) thu c B c cu to nh sau:

. Hidro ha A vi xc tc kim loi to ra hn hp sn phm X gm cc ng phn c cng thc phn t C10H20.

a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.

b) Vit cng thc cc ng phn cu to trong hn hp X.

c) Vit cng thc lp th dng bn ca cc ng phn trong hn hp X.

Cu II:

1. Hp cht A (C5H11O2N) l mt cht lng quang hot. Kh A bng H2 c xc tc Ni s c B (C5H13N) quang hot. Cho B tc dng vi axit HNO2 thu c hn hp gm ancol C quang hot v ancol tert-amylic (2-metyl-2-butanol).

Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. Dng cng thc cu to, vit phng trnh cc phn ng to thnh B, C v ancol tert-amylic t A.

2. Hp cht A (C5H9OBr) khi tc dng vi dung dch it trong kim to kt ta mu vng.

A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra 2 xeton B v C cng c cng thc phn t C5H8O. B, C u khng lm mt mu dung dch kalipemanganat lnh, ch c B to kt ta mu vng vi dung dch it trong kim. Cho B tc dng vi CH3MgBr ri vi H2O th c D (C6H12O). D tc dng vi HBr to ra hai ng phn cu to E v F c cng thc phn t C6H11Br trong ch c E lm mt mu dung dch kali pemanganat lnh.

Dng cng thc cu to, vit s phn ng t A to thnh B, C, D, E, F. Vit tn A v D theo danh php IUPAC.

Cu III:1. Hy ngh s phn ng vi y iu kin :

a) t etylen v cc cht v c t

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