TPK-2 Minggu 1b

8/2/2019 TPK-2 Minggu 1b

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TEKNIK

PERMESINAN

KAPAL II

ME091313 ( 4 SKS)Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan

ITS Surabaya



Ship Design

EFFECTIVEit must meet the owner's needs as laid down in the shiprequirements.

(Capacity and size; Cargo handling; Influence of nature of goods carried; Speed; Maneuverability; Machinery etc.) EFFICIENTIt must carry out its functions reliably and economically.

(Economy; Availability) SAFE It must be able to operate under the expected conditionswithout incident and to survive more extreme conditionsand accidents within an agreed level of risk.



The Design ProcessFEASIBILITY STUDIESThe aim at the feasibility stage is to confirm that a designto meet the requirements is possible with the existingtechnology and to a size and cost likely to be acceptable

to the owner.CONTRACT DESIGNOnce the owner has agreed to the general size andcharacter of the ship more detailed designing can go on.The contract design, as its name implies, is produced to a

level that it can be used to order the ship from ashipbuilder, or for a contract price to be quoted. At thisstage all major features of the ship will be fixed.FULL DESIGN The detailing of the design can now proceed leading to the

drawings, which are needed by the production departmentto build the ship.





CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING THE MAIN ENGINE

Required horsepower Weight SpaceCapital cost

Running costsThe ship’s requirement for electrical power and heat Reliability and maintainabilityThe ship’s requirement for maneuvering ability and/or for slow-speed operationEase of installationVibrationNoise and other signaturesAvailability



Required Horsepower

VsVs

RT

T : Thrust(Gaya Dorong)

THP DHP SHP BHP

EHP

EHP : Effective Horse Power THP : Thrust Horse Power

DHP : Delivered Horse Power

SHP : Shaft Horse Power

BHP : Brake Horse Power

EHP : the power we would have to use to tow the ship without propulsive system

THP : the power produced by the propeller’s thrust



Required Horsepower

VsVs

RT

DHP THP BHP SHP

EHP

Gs

PC

G = SHP / BHPGear Efficiency

s = DHP / SHPShaft Efficiency

PC = EHP / DHPPropulsive Coefficient

EHP = Vs x R T

EHP : kWVs : m/sRT : kN

THP = V A x T

= H x O x R



Required HorsepowerType of propulsionNumber of propulsion



Weight & SpaceAs far as the main engines are concerned space and weight generallygo together, but if a trade-off between weight and space is possible,then ships designed on a deadweight basis should be fitted with thelighter machinery, even if this takes more space, whilst those

designed on a volume basis should be fitted with the less bulkymachinery even if this is heavier.

In the design of warships, planning craft and catamarans, the need fora high speed from a relatively small ship makes the power/weight

ratio a matter of vital importance.

On warships space, like weight, is at a premium and thepower/volume ratio is very important.



Capital and Running CostThe cost of the main engine and the systemsThe most important item of running costs is theannual fuel bill

Two fundamentally different ways ofminimizing expenditure on fue l:(i) by fitting as fuel efficient an engine as possible even if thi s

requires a relatively expensiv efuel; or

(ii) by the use of machinery whichcan burn a cheap fuel even if its

specific consumption iscomparatively high



The ship’s requirement for electrical power and heat

Because the main engine will generally be able to burn acheaper fuel than is required by the generators, the use ofthe main engine(s) to provide electrical energy and/or heat

for engine auxiliary plant and hotel services via shaft drivenalternator(s) and exhaust gas boiler(s) respectively canhave an important influence on running costs.



Diesel EngineGas Turbine

Steam Turbine

ALTERNATIVE MAINENGINE TYPES



Diesel Engine

Low Speed60 – 150

Medium Speed450 – 800

High Speed1000 - 3000

Ex. 7000 kW100 rpm

31 7 tonnes285 m 3

7650 kW520 rpm

153 tonnes191 m 3

7000 kW1300 rpm21 tonnes

40 m 3

PowerUp to

97,300 kW1080MC B&W

23,450 kW18 V PC 4.2

Pielstick

8,200 kWV20 M.T.U

SFOCg/kWh

174 down to 156 200 down to 167 250 down to 187





Low-speed diesel machinery arrangement



Medium-speed diesel machinery arrangement







COGOG

CODOGCODAGCODAG



Documents

TPK-2 Minggu 1b