Trabajo de Ingles de Tehuacan

7/29/2019 Trabajo de Ingles de Tehuacan

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Tehuacan and 5 region

1 Cristina Trujillo Avilés

Dedication:

I dedicate this work to my family who has supported me in everything and that Ihave never disappointed, and you will follow me in every moment of my life. Theyare the dedicated because I love them and are part of my life.





Rationale:

Being honest I did this job mainly because I was asked in my school but just as Iused to learn more about the city in which I live. And in the future remember how

things changed.





Introduction:

In this paper we find things of Tehuacan and 5 regions. We encounter its typicaldishes, clothing, traditions, tourist centers, industries, etc. of the five regions.

Among many other things that are interesting also important.





Tehuacan

Tehuacán is the second largest city in the Mexican state of Puebla, nestled in the

Southeast Valley of Tehuacán, bordering the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz. The2010 census reported a population of 248,716 in the city and 274,906 in itssurrounding municipality of the same name, of which it serves as municipal seat.The municipality has an area of 390.36 km² (150.72 sq mi).[1]

Originally a Native American settlement, it became officially a city in the Viceroyaltyof New Spain in 1660. According to the archaeologist Richard Stockton MacNeish, the Valley of Tehuacán is the first place maize was ever cultivated by humankind.He arrived at this conclusion when he found over 10,000 teoscintle cobs in what isnow known as the Cave of Coxcatlan.

In the late nineteenth century, the city was well known for its mineral springs. Infact, Peñafiel (now owned by Cadbury Schweppes), a well-known softdrinks manufacturer, extracts water from these wells for use in their products.Tehuacan also has an important cluster of poultry producers, making the city andits surroundings one of the most important egg producing regions in Mexico.

Geography

Tehuacán is located in the southeastern part of the State of Puebla. Northernbordering cities are Tepanco de López, Santiago Miahuatlán, Vicente Guerrero yNicolás Bravo; Eastern Vicente Guerrero, San Antonio Cañada y Ajalpan;

Southern San Gabriel Chilac, Zapotitlán, San Antonio Texcala y Altepexi; andWestern Zapotitlán, San Martín Atexcal, Juan N. Méndez y Tepanco de López.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_state

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puebla

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n_Valley_matorral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veracruz

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Mexico

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuac%c3%a1n#cite_note-geogstats-1



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indians

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_MacNeish

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teosinte

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_springs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1afiel_(mineral_water)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadbury_Schweppes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinks


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadbury_Schweppes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1afiel_(mineral_water)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_springs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teosinte

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_MacNeish



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indians


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Mexico

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veracruz

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n_Valley_matorral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puebla

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_state

















Glyph of Tehuacan

This is the currently accepted glyph city of Tehuacán. It is based on the work of

Felipe Franco's 1946 Geographic Indonimia Puebla State, same as inferred fromthe word Teohuacan, ie instead of gods or the sun.

The glyph is interpreted as follows: At the bottom you can see a gum with teeth,which means "place". The album is a solar symbol, or sacred. Hence, to be knownas Tehuacán "City of Gods", "Place of those gods", "Place of those with God" or more currently "Sun City".





Coat of Tehuacan

The Shield of Tehuacán is made up of four quarters : In the first quarter there is a

black eagle on the nopal with two arrows in its right claw and another crossed byits legs, on the left side of the quarter are three maize with spikes of gold which theIndians call "Miahuatl", in a blue field.

In the second quarter it shows a Black Eagle in white with a golden beak puttingone leg on ateponaxtle and the other lifting two clasped arrows. At the right side of the eagle an ayacaxtle or sonaja is playing an instrument and dancing with theIndians. Just below is a drum, on the left side are two teponaxcle and below sits aQuetzal feather.

In the third quarter there is a bush with a red flower on its outspread branches; inthe native language the flower is called a "tlaxochitl". Below the tree is a birddigging up a flower, the tree is called a Mezquite. On the right side is a castle on ahill and near it there are white and colored stones, below the castle is a cave.In the fourth quarter there is a decapitated head which is held up by a hand that isreaching out from the right side and is holding the head up by its hair, the left handis also in the picture and is grasping an arc. In the midst of the four quarters thehead of Chimalpopoca and as Cimera, the Virgin of the Conception.

http://puebla-tehuacan.wexico.com/Tehuacan/Quetzal/indexeng.html

http://puebla-tehuacan.wexico.com/Tehuacan/Mezquite/indexeng.html

http://puebla-tehuacan.wexico.com/Tehuacan/Mezquite/indexeng.html

http://puebla-tehuacan.wexico.com/Tehuacan/Quetzal/indexeng.html





History

Tehuacán was part of the Royal Road that connected the port of Veracruz to the

Great Tenochtitlan, which influences to Carmelita Temple construction is intendedin the present location.Archaeological finds show that it was inhabited by villagecommunities 8500 years before Christ. He had a major role in the process of domestication and cultivation of plants. In Tehuacán found the oldest fossil of cornin the world.In 1454 Moctezuma invaded and conquered the place to be a strategicpoint for further conquests. The population fled to the hill where they were finallydefeated Colorado, and after the defeat of the Aztecs on August 13, 1521 wassubmitted to the Spanish.On 16 March 1660 the Indians of the region acquire the title of "City Indians",

earning him his offer to the Spanish at the time.During the War of Independence, the city was used as barracks by the illustriousleader Trujano Valerio.In March 1862, the French army invaded Mexican territory,staying in Tehuacán. The entire state of Puebla was under the rule of theimperialists of Maximilian of Habsburg until 1867.





TIMELINE

1660 ~ On March 1660 the Indians of the region

acquire the title of “City Indians”

1724 ~ in 1724 began the construction of the Catedral of the Immaculate Conception.

1804 ~ in 1804 was built the “Palacio Municipal”

1860 ~ The March 16, 1860 born Joaquin Paredes Colin founder of the “Public Library” and published “Historical Sketches of Tehuacan”





1864 ~ On November 24, 1864 born Jose Garci Crespo Founder

of “Garci-Crespo” bottling

1894 ~ in 1894 the Street “Agustin de Iturbide”

changed its name to “Ignacio Zaragoza”

1905 ~ The “Rastro Municipal” was opened on 1 February

1905

1910 ~ the monument to the priest Don Miguel

Hidalgo was placed in Colonia Guadalupe Hidalgoon September 16, 1910

1928 ~ in 1928 was created the bottling plant Garci-Crespo





1945 ~ the restaurant "La Lonja" was remodeled

1954 ~ In 1954 was inaugurated the CentroEscolar President Venustiano Carranza

1959 ~ The president of the Republic, Gustavo Diaz Ordazopened the paved road to Tehuacan Huajuapan de Leon,Oaxaca.

1957 ~ In 1957 was inaugúrate the “Mercado

Municipal 16 de Marzo”

1973 ~ The Mural “El Nuevo Mundo” located inside the

Palacio Municipal was opened on November 20, 1973





1978 ~ In 1978 he officially opened the Federal School Jorge L.Tamayo located in the division’s Arcadia.





“Manantial el Riego”

Irrigation is located at the foot of the plateau. In the mid-17TH century possessed a

great deal, since it supplied the extensive land of the estate of the same name,which joined with the Board Assistant of Santa Maria eventos. Halfway through the19th century, this property was gained by the Mont family. This spring isconsidered as the cradle of the bottler in Tehuacán industry since Mr. Joaquín Pitawas installed in 1901 first same factory that produced two thousand boxes annuallyin mineral water brand diamond with the help of asteam engine with 15 horsepower engine. A year later Mr. Pita partnered with AnacharsisPeralta Requena to producethe Red Cross brand. This company was sold in 1903 to Mr Lucindolanes who

joined efforts with Joaquín Córdoba toproduce the Covadonga brand from 1924.

In1933 this spring would return to industrialize its waters under the signatureof Andrés Zaplana and Arturo de la Llave, later step Tehuacan watering Springspower enterprise.





Manantial de Peñafiel

One of the companies committed to society and of great importance for the same

since it was helpful for the growth and rise of the same. But it also is said thattower seen in the image was used by the owner of Peñafiel in it watch totheir workers day and night so that nonstop already produce than if any of themwhat looked and wasn't doing nothing sent to flogging, this and many legendsof Penafiel are counted.

In 1948, Mr. Garci Crespo left the society and with his departure the companychanged its name to "Manantiales Peñafiel S.A". This name is due to the rockor penalty that hinders the undercurrents, and gives rise to the springs. This penaltyhas been sprouting water for many years, remaining faithful and unchangeable,

therefore suggested the name of Peñafiel.





Manantial de San Lorenzo

Since time immemorial, the spring of San Lorenzo was known as Axoxopan

(Ahuehuete) since its birth occurs precisely next to one of these millennial andgrandiose trees. It is located about 7 km from Tehuacán, in the Junta Auxiliar deSan Lorenzo Teotipilco. its chemical composition made her favorite patientssuffering from bile evils. Since the end of the 19th century the locals built a rustichut where people came to drink or to fill bottles with this healing water. It wasaround 1938 when Francisco Andrade Balseca began bottling of its tributaries





Manantial de Garci-Crespo

Was discovered in 1920 in the Board auxiliary of San NicolásTetitzintla by José

Garci-Crespo. Over time exploded it into what most forward would be the famouscaves of Peñafiel and its spring of the same name. The underground corridorswere not covered by any artificial material. In 1948 the Garci-Crespo springchanged its name bythe Peñafiel.Don José Garci-Crespo also acquired some landin the so-called Buenagua station, where you installed the Garci-Cresponurseries and located another spring, which to this day serves as bottling of softdrinks.





Poultry industry

The innovation of new technologies and industrial production methods resulted in

spatial concentration in farming, especially in the "industria avicola",the Mexicanpoultry industry. The agricultural structure in the Valley of Tehuacan has beenparticularly influenced by this subsector of agro business industry. Thedevelopment in this area has (since 1947) been determined, above all, by theinitiatives and innovations introduced by the Romero Family. Today, the "GrupoRomero" is the leading Mexican egg producer. The development of this familycompany in to vertically integrated agribusiness firm is briefly described inthisarticle.The expansion of the poultry industry has changed the agriculturalstructure of the Valley of Tehuacan consider ably. However, this process has

occurred in relatively isolated way, so that traditional farming has only beenaffected to asmallextent. At present, the chicken output capacity in the studyarea amounts to nearly40 million. Several maps illustrate this development fromthe sixties up to 1984Nathaly García Hernández 26/january/2013.





Water Tehuacan

This water that flows from our springs Peñafiel, is the result of the melting of

Citlaltépetl, "Holy Mountain" or "Pico de Orizaba".

Over several kilometers, the water is filtered through layers of limestone subsoil of the region, emerging as pure water and mineral rich.

When the Spanish arrived in Tehuacan, the natives of the Aztec Empire and knewthe properties of "magic water".

The story goes that the emperor Moctezuma I, they brought in pots or gourds,Tehuacan Mineral Water to the Great Tenochtitlan, to benefit from its properties.





Hydromineral first center of America

It is a privileged city location, in the southwestern part of the state of Puebla.

It has a variety of tourist resources, both natural and cultural history and around thetown, including: springs, archaeological sites, biotic wealth, among other wondersthat make it up.

In this geographic region are very diverse biological samples such astranscendental phenomena of the earth (fosileras areas, grain onyx, salt water wells, footprints of prehistoric giant animals).





Food typical of Tehuacan

MOLE DE CADERAS

The Hips Mole is a traditional dish of goat meat in the region of Tehuacan, Puebla,and also from the region of Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca in Mexico. The mass of hips is considered one of the most important dishes in the states of Puebla andOaxaca, due to the long aging and care in the preparation of the animal, whichtakes advantage of all the meat-and the Festival killing of accompanying andbegins the sacrifice of farm animals for food preparation and preservation andsubsequent curing of meat. In preparing the bulk of the meat is used hips and hipbone, salt-based seasonings, chile and a dip in lemon to give it a special touch witha broth of boiled red meat hips and wild beans. The characteristic flavor of the dishis the meat of the goats that are taken for a ride of a year grazing through thesouthern regions of the state of Puebla and northern Oaxaca, feeding livestockwith grass only in the region which are kept hydrated by water obtained only byplants and herbs consumed. In practice this type of breeding is obtained meat astrong flavor and characteristic with which they prepare traditional dishes.





MUEGANOS

Traditional Mexican dessert recipes like mueganos are always well worth making.This wonderful treat is made with cinnamon, almonds, eggs and more. These deepfried dough pieces are coated in thick, sweet syrup. Mueganos are really flavorfuland adults and kids will love their flavor and texture. You can serve them on sticksor use them to decorate cakes, pies, or Mexican mousse recipes. Mueganos areespecially loved by kids because they are so sticky and delicious.The ingredientsfor traditional Mexican dessert recipes are sometimes a little unusual and youmight find the white wine to be an unusual ingredient for such a sweet dessert butit does give the mueganos an authentic flavor. The cake crumbs are sweeter thanbreadcrumbs and perfect for making the mueganos mixture. The cinnamon adds adistinctive Mexican aroma and taste. This traditional Mexican dessert is not themost figure-friendly but if you are looking for low calorie Mexican desserts, justhave a smaller portion. This one is too delicious to miss out on! You can servemueganos as a dessert, as a late morning or late afternoonSnack or even have them at a party or a buffet.





PAN DE BURRO

Apparently this bread is from the San Jose Miahuiatlán.The donkey bread is also made in San Sebastián Zinacatepec and even in the cityof Tehuacán. San Jose bread Miahuatlán can be differentiated from San Sebastiánbread for the following reasons:In San Jose Miahuatlán bread is made in the traditional more. The preparation of the dough is entirely by hand, not using yeast in your recipe, which makes thebread obtained more compact, heavier and harder consistency than San SebastianZinacatepec, which are preferably used as mixers and yeast in your formula. As aresult, the San Sebastian bread is fluffy and light more than San Jose, but isattributed to the bread taste better than San Jose.The name "Pan de Burro" was given by way of transporting packaged and tied ondonkeys from their place of production to consumer sites. At the top bring a brandwhich clearly represents a burrito. But today you are all donkey bread round breadthat was made with a traditional recipe in the production sites that deserve the titleof panburrerías.The donkey bread is usually white interior but there panela bread, which is Brown.





PULQUE

Apparently this bread is from the San Jose Miahuiatlán.The donkey bread is also made in San Sebastián Zinacatepec and even in the cityof Tehuacán. San Jose bread Miahuatlán can be differentiated from San Sebastiánbread for the following reasons:In San Jose Miahuatlán bread is made in the traditional more. The preparation of the dough is entirely by hand, not using yeast in your recipe, which makes thebread obtained more compact, heavier and harder consistency than San SebastianZinacatepec, which are preferably used as mixers and yeast in your formula. As aresult, the San Sebastian bread is fluffy and light more than San Jose, but isattributed to the bread taste better than San Jose.The name "Pan de Burro" was given by way of transporting packaged and tied ondonkeys from their place of production to consumer sites. At the top bring a brandwhich clearly represents a burrito. But today you are all donkey bread round breadthat was made with a traditional recipe in the production sites that deserve the titleof panburrerías.The donkey bread is usually white interior but there panela bread, which is Brown.





TORTILLAS DE COAPAN

Santa Maria Coapan, auxiliary board is deeper cultural roots that distinguish it fromthe 12 towns of this county subaltern, indigenous inhabitants mostly not easilyinfluenced easily by trends emerge daily to replace traditions give identity to thepeople.The town is located 5 minutes south of the city, for years it has become the mainsupplier of handmade tortillas in markets, restaurants, hotels and colonies of theurban area, texture and size set it apart from the rest, that are still in great demand."The coapeñitas" as popularly told, are women who are responsible for feedingsupplement tehuacaneros hundred, that from 10 in the morning can enjoy takingtortillas that distribute heat even clay griddle using for cooking; this is achieved bythe traditional way as the van saved since doing, the multiple wrapped in clothnapkins placed inside containers and palm fabrics are known as "tenates" have aheight of about 45 to 50 centimeters, these thermo make it retains heat for morethan one hour.Like everything in life changes, to transport the tables above thatpopulation to Tehuacan, made long and arduous treks, with the advent of urbantransport that changed, what has remained is how to take these containers fromhome to POS, load holding them with her shawl on her back, there are women whomake their journey by an hour or more lugging 20 or 30 kilos of tortillas thatdistribute in different homes, in several of these have direct access, ie come even if the homeowner is not because there is trust and honesty by So behave.as they are called industrial and tortilla dough, the "coapeñitas" still retain their sales, so women with this activity are mostly pillars in the home economy.For the quality and taste of the tortilla is prepared with 100% white corn, led them

to start working on a project that some described as "dreamy", but they were aboutto realize, exporting to the U.S. tortilla and for this we met a group of women anddeveloped this plan, approached the Ministry of Economic Development andpresented their proposal, precooked tortilla tested, the package was designed inorder to be moved and they were a few months to achieve it, the group led byVictoria Gudelia Albino Méndez, began to disintegrate and all the work that wasdone nearly two years, collapsed when disagreements began to arise betweenthem.





MEMELAS

Fried or toasted memelas cakes are made of dough topped with different freshingredients eaten as appetizers or snacks in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico has itsorigins in Which Prehispanic food. They are similar to fresh corn tortillas, but aresomewhat fatter. Memelas are Oaxacan local name for the almost identical sopesand huaraches That are served in other parts of Mexico, just Made with differenttoppings.

Described as memelas are best toasted Oaxacan little pizzas made of corn. Thedough is flattened corn tortillas with a press then pinched to create indentationsalong its borders, then Placed over a hot comal or griddle. When the omelet iscooked like basis and charred where the dough hits the hot metal of the grill,chewy medium-well as a steak, is then topped with black beans, salsa, shreddedcabbage, black mole, guacamole and cheese.

Although the traditional Memela is supposed to be topped with no other additionalingredients, toppings may vary Those today from recipe to recipe. Modernincarnations include other vegetables and the option of a layer of tinga (shreddedchicken with tomatoes, onions and peppers) or potatoes and sausage.Memelas Have Been served at Oaxacan / Mexican restaurants in the United Statessince the 1990s.





ATOLE DE GRANILLO

Atole is a traditional drink of pre-Hispanic origins, is consumed throughout thecountry, although the taste is different in different states or cities. The fact granillogruel in San Cristobal de las Casas need white corn, cinnamon, lime, sugar andwater. The corn is boiled in water with lime, after which it is ground (the left half and the other half thick film). And re-boil are added the remaining ingredients. Dueto the cold weather of San Cristóbal, many eateries and stoves often prepare thisdrink is ideal companion for tamales. This drink is consumed daily in this city.

TACOS

The taco predates the arrival of Europeans in Mexico. There is anthropological

evidence that the indigenous people living in the lake region of the Valley of Mexicotraditionally ate tacos filled with small fish. Writing at the time of the Spanishconquistadors, Bernal Díaz del Castillo documented the first taco feast enjoyed byEuropeans, a meal which Hernán Cortés arranged for his captains in Coyoacán. Itis not clear why the Spanish used their word, "taco", to describe this indigenousfood.





CHILEATOLE

The oldest is the typical preparation of chocolate among Mexican prehispanicconsisting of roasted and ground cocoa beans, for chocolate paste, which is addedto a gruel. This is seasoned with pepper, vanilla and sometimes sweetened withhoney, was taken as a drink. Hernan Cortes in his Letters of Relation distinguishedhim as a very energy drink. For its bitter taste and pungent Europeans did notaccept it, prompting the creation of champurrado.

In its most common, chileatole refers to a modern dish of Mexico, which is basicallya salty corn atole (instead of candy), flavored with other ingredients, and consumedas a sou.





HUAJES

The huaje is one of the best options for livestock feed because it has a high proteincontent: 30 percent like soy, plus it tolerates drought, the team of teachersRISEMP Institute of Technology Ciudad Altamirano (ITCA), exclusive conferencefor South Awakening.They explained that in the region of Tierra Caliente purchase concentrate for livestock feed, but is very expensive and does not provide the desired gain.

A strong limitation that exists in agricultural regions of the country is the lack of improved pastures of higher nutritional value more conducive animal performance.Under conditions of dry or humid tropics is the problem even greater foodshortages. However, it has a legume forage species well adapted to droughtconditions, called huaje and for good adaptation and productivity features is a goodalternative in animal feed, both rainfed and irrigated.Cattle meat or milk can be eaten directly from the pasture for the browsed, but canalso be cut and green directly into the animal feed or as ground.The huaje is a legume forage plant bush type, which naturally abounds in our country and livestock grazes. It is very digestible, with high percentage of protein,resistant to grazing and soil fertilizer.The huaje has the distinction of fixing nitrogen in the soil air. Nitrogen is the mostexpensive fertilizer exists.The teachers explained: "What the huaje is to fertilize the land on which it is sown,and around pastures are always green."Livestock in the Tierra Caliente region can become a platform using the huajeagroexport.





Bibliography

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n

http://www.google.com.mx/imgres?q=glifo+de+tehuacan&um=1&hl=es&tbo=d&biw=1454&bih=726&tbm=isch&tbnid=EW66g10FInnVkM:&imgrefurl=http://academiatlatoani.blogspot.com/2010/07/glifodetehuacan.html&docid=Ym6a3ZH18diZnM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_q8_VGtKeTUU/TECqjJWFqRI/AAAAAAAABko/TQjKFI2k7Bo/s1600/Glifo%252Bde%252BTehuac%2525C3%2525A1n.jpg&w=1070&h=1296&ei=vtzoUNL1IoOY2AX43YH4DA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=240&sig=117338855176349805114&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=117&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:82&tx=103&ty=76

http://puebla-tehuacan.wexico.com/Tehuacan/Escudo-de-Tehuacan/indexeng.html

http://www.tehuacan.com.mx/2011/08/los-manantiales-de-penafiel/

http://sec-tamayo.blogspot.mx/

http://www.gruposrs.com.mx/nuestra-empresa/historia/































First region ~ “La Sierra”

COYOMEAPAN originates from the Nahuatl voices "cayome", plural of Coyotl,

Coyote, "atl" water and "bread" in, on, forming compound "Coyome-a-pan, whichmeans "water of coyotes." Architectural Landmarks: Temple parish dedicated tothe Blessed Virgin Mary and the City Hall with a life of 100 years, located in thecounty seat. works of art: the literary genre "Criticón criticized "," give advice ","Money is the only happiness factor "," Anchorman "," In dwelling "," children'stheater comedy, "Don Ambrosio Nieto Cházares.Artesanías: are made wool textilework, (and Nahua cotons embroidered) palm tissues and Nahua Vocablo carrizo.

TLACOTEPEC DIAZ, from "tlahco" half and half, "tepetl" hill and "c" for co: in;mean "in the middle or the middle of the hill." Architectural Historic Landmark:Parish Church dedicated to St. Sebastian Martyr XVI .Artesanías century: fabricsare made of bamboo and palm. Much of its territory is covered by forests of oakand grasslands and deciduous forest associated with secondary shrub vegetation,as desert scrub, where there are species like Tepehuaje, palo mulato, chacha,brazil wood and serve. Fauna Bobcats snakes deer skunk badgers rabbits,iguanas, many of them endangered.





FLORA: The Aleppo pine is the dominant tree species, although in areasdominated by tall black pine and Corsican. There are also small patches of oaks,

gall oaks and maples. Accompanying the Rambles and near the sources, also develop elm, poplar,

along with a gallery of bushes: honeysuckle, rose, sarsaparilla and other.

The understory is well developed in some slopes and consists of Kermes,mastic, hawthorn, juniper and arbutus, among others. The marked differences inphysical between slopes of different sun exposure are easily observed invegetation cover.

At the summit, the vegetation notable for its adaptation to extreme weather

conditions, and is represented by the broom or cushion nun and juniper.

FAUNA: The fauna composition is quite varied. Among insects are unique characteristics of solidspecies like the butterfly Aricia morronensis.

Among amphibians highlights the natterjack toadand the painted frog. The diversity of the reptilecommunity includes, among others, the lizard, thevipers and the Montpellier snake.

But, undoubtedly, are the group best known birds. In the forests abound withpleasure chickadees, crossbills and myths. Among raptors, by the day, the hawkand the hawk always lurking, and at night, and the tawny owls are the kings, andthis park one of the few parts of the Region where you can hear her singing.

The edges of the pine trees and the hedges are preferred by scribes, finchesand thrushes, and they become abundant the eagle and the golden eagle.

The presence of some of these species has led to the declaration of this areaas a Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA), of importance in the EuropeanCommunity.

In mammals, for its size and exoticism, is the Barbary sheep or mouflon Star Atlas Park. Being a non-native species (exotic), introduced for hunting in 1970, hasgrown rapidly, resulting in the declaration of National Hunting Reserve in 1973.Besides this species, squirrels (endemic subspecies), dormice, wild boar, genetsand wildcats completed, in part, the mammalian Park campus.





Second Region ~ “La Mixteca”

SAN JOSE MIAHUATLAN: this name from the words miahuatl Azteca, ear of corn,

and tlan between or alongside, which means "between the ears of corn stalk." It ismade of bread or bread round donkey whose specific feature is the name that isassigned by the peculiar form of consumption. Architectural Historical Monument:St. Joseph's Church, dating from the XVI century, located in the county seat.Crafts: reed baskets are manufacture.

ZAPOTITLAN: is a place for a year to feed the goats that will be slaughtered for thetraditional slaughter season, which starts in mid-October and ends in mid-November. Another feature of one of the populations of this region is SanJuanRaya where thousands of years ago were an arm of the sea, and in it you can

admire countless marine fossils. Crafts: In San Antonio Texcala (PopulationZapotitlán), are made of different pieces of marble and onyx stones in zone.

SAN GABRIEL CHILAC: It’s a community located near the city of Tehuacán. Thispopulation was popoloca home and was later conquered by the Spanish. Its namemeans Place of chile. The Day of the Dead are armed colorful flower arrangementsto decorate the candles that people put in the offering and the tomb of the tenatesdaunts. We found full of fruits, flowers, bread donkey and confetti adorningofferings Nahua Chilac.

CALTEPEC:De voices of "calli" house "tepetl" hill and "c" in, from which is obtained Cal-tepecmeaning "house on the hill". Architectural Landmarks: the church of Santa Maria

Assunta dates from the sixteenth century sculptural image representing SantaMaria Assunta and the parish of murals depicting scenes from the life of Christ,located in the county seat. Crafts: straw hats are manufactured and synthetic fiber mats, bottles are lined handbags. Natural Attractions. The relief of the region ishilly, is located between mountains and the Mixteca Baja, which is part of theSierra de Acatlán, Excel also saw Tenzo,some parts are formed by foldingmountains with deep ravines. In the region there intermountain valleys such as

Matamoros, Chiautla and Acatlán. Some municipalities reach heights of over 2500meters between hills highlight the temecate, with 1800 meters, the Wolf, The Long,The Tavern, The Tlacuachito,The Cuyun, The Pelillar, Drum, and others. In thevalleys acientan major communities. Most of its territory is covered with oak forestsand grasslandsand deciduous forest associated with secondary shrub vegetation,as desertscrub, where there are species like Tepehuaje, palo mulato, chacha,





brazilwoodand Seiva.His original fauna compose chameleons, rabbits, coyotes,scorpions, snakes,deer, quail and wild cats. Some of these species

are endangered.





Mixteca Baja: Have deciduous forest, lowland spiny cacti,agaves, cacti, chaparral, mesquite, oak and pine trees, junipers

and cypresses, ash, poplar, willow and native grasses. Flora of the Mixteca.

Mixteca Alta: here are maguey plants, cacti, thorny bushes,mesquite, pine and oak forests, native grasses.

Cactus Siamese characteristics of the Mixteca

Mixteca de la Costa: there semideciduous forest, tropicaldeciduous forest, pine, oak and grassland.





Third region ~ “El Valle”

Located at the ends of the north and southeast of the city of Tehuacán, which

highlights the following stocks:

TEHUACAN ~ meaning accordingFrayJuandeTorquemada's"City of Gods”, “Land of Gods" or "place of those who have God "andis derived from the Nahuatl teo:God hua: hisor her and can: place. Also known as"Tehuacán of Pomegranates" or as the "FirstLatin American Hydromineral Center", also known as "Tehuacán, cityhealth. “A village community was inhabited 8500 years BC. Popolocas Tribes.The1660, Indians bought the crown and the title of city was given the name "Cityof Indians under the name of Our Lady of Conception and Cave." During the war of independence was the headquarters of several leaders: José María

Morelos,Nicolás Bravo, Manuel Mier y Teran, also hosted the Congressof Anáhuac.decree, on August 31, 1884, was designated "John ChrysostomBonillaTehuacán". Among its architectural attractions are the convent and churchof El Carmen, Tehuacán Cathedral, San Francisco Church, Calvary Temple,theHouse of Culture and the Museum of Anthropology and History. Celebrations,dances and traditions: January 6 Compares of Santos Reyes, is a simulation of the

Adoration of the Child Jesus; 1 to September 15 traditional fair, October andNovember "The Killing" is to kill goats primed and prepare meat. Easter in

Aprilrepresentation of life, crucifixion and death of Jesus, in March festival in

town(anniversary of the title of the city). Municipal Palace dating from thenineteenth century known as "the house of the High" for being the first two-storybuilding in the city. And in 1855 it was converted into premises of municipal powersand which currently contains murals depicting the history, daily life and landscapesof the Nahua root region.

AJALPAN ~ Provident "atl" water "xalli" sand and bread prompts on or in, so thatthe original name of Axalpan, become Ajalpan, means "water on the sand or river sand." Architectural Landmarks: XVI century parish church dedicated to lordCaculco, the parish of San Juan Bautista, the Hacienda Buena vista and Rancho

La Trinidad, located in the county seat. In regard to literature highlights brochure"Land and Freedom" by Miguel Barbosa. Crafts: tissues are made of bamboo andpalm, also practiced pottery and Aztec jarciería.





COXCATLAN ~ Name formed "cuzcatl" string of gems, stones or beads choker;"tlán" close together (place); Cuscatlán means "City of (those using)necklaces or

chokers. Architectural Historic Landmark: Parish Church dedicated to St. John theEvangelist XVI century, located in the county seat. Crafts: Woven palm and thevoices carrizo.

ALTEPEXI ~ Provident Nahua comes from "atl" water "tepexitl", rock, and "c" in;forms Tepexi Atl-C, which means "water on the rock." Architectural HistoricMonument: Temple parish in honor of St. Francis of XVI century, located in thecounty seat. Crafts: Elaborate woven reeds and palm





Fourth Region ~ “La montaña”

This region is in the highest place and cold in the municipality and is patron of the

region "Our Lady of the Snows" and extensive vegetation dominated and most of the people who live there are engaged the lumberyard, that this wood is mostlypine and fir as well as its other activity is the embroidery and textiles. This region islocated north of the town of Tehuacan and where populations are:

SAN ANTONIO CAÑADA: Tepectlán, Nahuatl name from the radical "tepetl"hillstone "tlán", that means "between hills ". Architectural Historical Monument: Theparish church dedicated to San Antonio dating from the XVI century, located in thecounty seat. Crafts: They do work and reed palm tissue.

VICENTE GUERRERO: Cuautlán is the word of Nahuatl origin, formed by theradical "cuahuitl" tree and "tlan" instead, which means "place of trees." Architectural Historical Monument: Parish church dedicated to the VirginMary dates from the sixteenth century . Crafts: Woven palm carrizo

NICOLAS BRAVO: Cuauhitlán: Nahuatl cuauhitl from tree: tlan together, theymean: "By the trees" or "place of wood or trees." Architectural historical Monument:Temple c entury parish XVI dedicated to St. Philip the Apostle, located on thecabecera.Artesanías: We Sierra region in this particular region are virgin forests of the area and where vanilla is grown in a place called River Tezinzintepetl Tonto is

as specified production that occurs in that area the rum, like liquor "Lapo." Thisregion is located east of the town of Tehuacan and where the populations: Mexica.

ZOQUITLAN: De voices "zoquitla" quagmire, (from "zoquitl", mud, silt) and " tla"the abundance and the ending" tlan "indicating together, between what we havethe meaning" between the mud and mire, site full of mud. “Landmarks: The Churchof St. Paul built in the sixteenth century. Effigies of San Pedro andSan Pablocarved wood. Crafts: wood carving, manufacturing of wooden spoons, reedbaskets, blowers triangular palm, and in small quantities making clothes lana.

ELOXOCHITLAN: Mexica composed the words "eloxochitl" corn flower and "tlan"So changed, which means Together, from which it appears "Corn among theflowers." Architectural Historic Monument: Temple parish dedicadito St.









Turkey mole, whose ingredients are red hot, andaporreadillo, made with corned beef and tomato sauce,as well as appetizer beef tamales with white atole.

Beverages

Drinks are representative mescal, pulque and atolewhite.

CLOTHING:

Men wear trousers and tunic blanket, strap sandals and strawhat and overcoat, women wear blouse with hand embroiderythread and brightly colored satin, embroidered each strip is acombination of flowers, birds, sheep, eagles devouring snakes ,

all arranged with great taste, dress is complemented by apetticoat and jewelry are usually jewelry.

FLORA: The vegetation in the municipality is composed of low deciduous and pineforests, oak. Regarding this tropical deciduous forest species is characterized byits change of foliage in the dry season, their heights vary from 5 to 30 meters.

FAUNA: The fauna consists mainly of common animals such as rabbits, hares,gophers, bobcats, ocelots, pumas, coyotes, foxes, deer, doves, vultures, etc.





Fifth region ~ “Altiplano”

It is located northeast of the city of Tehuacán and where populations are:

TEPANCO DE LOPEZ: The name of this town has two possible translations. It canbe derived from the word tepantli (or boundary wall) and-co (locative particle). Inthis case, as can be seen in the boundary. The other possibility is when derivedfrom tepan (scree) and-co, from which can be translated as In the scree. TheLopez family name was added in 1861, by decree of the State Congress of Puebla.Historic Landmark: eighteenth-century parish church dedicated to San JuanBautista. Crafts: They are crafted, woven palm and carrizo.

CHAPULCO: Name consisting of Mexican, "or chapulli chapollin" from which theaztequismo grasshopper, locust and "co" in, meaning "The Locusts or

Grasshoppers" . Architectural Historic Landmark: parish church in honor of St.Peter built in the XVI century, located in the county seat. Crafts: tilled timber andtissues are made of palm and reed.

SANTIAGO MIAHUATLAN : Derived from Nahuatl "miahuatl" , ear of corn, "tlan"among or alongside and make meaning "between the ears of corn stalks."

Architectural Historical Monument: The parish church built in the sixteenth century,dedicated to Lord James. Crafts: Worked palm and reed. dresses handembroidery.Vallese region located at the ends of the north and southeast of the city of Tehuacán, which highlights the following stocks: TEHUACÁNSu meaning

according Fray Juan de Torquemada's "City of Gods", "Land of Gods" or "place of those who have God "and is derived from the Nahuatl teo: God hua: his or her and

can: place. Also known as "Tehuacán of Pomegranates" or as the "First Latin American Hydro mineral Center", also known as "Tehuacán, city health." Villagecommunities was inhabited 8500 years BC. Popolocas Tribes. The 1660, Indiansbought the crown and the title of city was given the name "City of Indians under thename of Our Lady of Conception and Cave." During the war of independence wasthe headquarters of several leaders: José María Morelos, Nicolás Bravo, ManuelMier y Teran, also hosted the Congress of Anáhuac. decree, on August 31, 1884,

was designated "John Chrysostom Bonilla Tehuacán". Among its architecturalattractions are the convent and church of El Carmen, Tehuacán Cathedral, SanFrancisco Church, Calvary Temple, the House of Culture and the Museum of

Anthropology and History. Celebrations, dances and traditions: January 6Comparsa of Santos Reyes, is a simulation of the Adoration of the Child Jesus; 1to September 15 traditional fair, October and November "The Killing" is to kill goatsprimed and prepare meat. Easter in April representation of life, crucifixion and





death of Jesus, in March festival in town (anniversary of the title of the city).Municipal Palace dating from the nineteenth century known as "the house of theHigh" for being the first two-story building in the city. And in 1855 it was convertedinto premises of municipal powers and which currently contains murals depictingthe history, daily life and landscapes of the Nahua root región.

AJALPAN Proviene "atl" water "xalli" sand and bread prompts on or in, so that theoriginal name of Axalpan, become Ajalpan, means "water on the sand or river sand." Architectural Landmarks: XVI century parish church dedicated to lordCaculco, the parish of San Juan Bautista, the Hacienda Buenavista and Rancho LaTrinidad, located in the county seat. In regard to literature highlights brochure"Land and Freedom" by Miguel Barbosa. Crafts: tissues are made of bamboo andpalm, also practiced pottery and Aztec jarciería.

COXCATLÁN: Name formed "cuzcatl" string of gems, stones or beads choker;"tlán" close together (place); Cuscatlán means "City of (those using) necklaces or chokers. Architectural Historic Landmark: Parish Church dedicated to St. John theEvangelist XVI century, located in the county seat. Crafts: Woven palm and thevoices carrizo.

ALTEPEXI Provident Nahua comes from "atl"water "tepexitl", rock, and "c" in;forms Tepexi Atl-C, which means "water onthe rock." Architectural Historic Monument:Temple parish in honor of St. Francis of XVIcentury, located in the county seat. Crafts:Elabórate woven reeds and palm





Climate: Because of its location, has a variety of climates ranging from temperateto hot ones. The climatic zones can be summarized as follows:

Temperate subhumid with summer rains, is located at the western end of theraised part of the Sierra de Zapotitlán.

Semi warm dry climate with summer rains and low throughout the year, is identifiedin the southern part of town, in the Valley of Tehuacan.

Semidry warm summer rains and low throughout the year, is the climate in the areacorresponding to the Valley of Tehuacan.

Semidry temperate climate with summer rains and low throughout the year, is theweather that occurs between the eastern part of the Tehuacan Valley and thefoothills of the Sierra de Zongolica..





Clothing ~ In many mountain villages, the man wears panties and white cottonblouse, tight at the waist by a girdle or belt, with sandals and straw hat. So

decorate and dress their bodies: with her petticoat and white cotton blouse with ashawl quechquémitl or, in their hair, they light colored ribbons and stamens. And asthe case of the Huasteca, the ornaments are more abundant in the marriedwoman. To give a touch of joy to the ear and earrings use paper collars around theneck. The proximity of the city of Puebla and building better roads to haveinfluenced people's traditional dress popoloca, go slowly losing. Almost allcommunities have activities where everyone participates: baptisms, weddings andparties.





FLORA

Because biological evolution of the Biosphere Reserve Tehuacán-Cuicatlán,

presents a variety of ecosystems ranging from arid and semi-arid to humidtemperate, comprising nine vegetation types. What has encouraged thedevelopment of a rich flora with about 2700 species identified so far, of which 11%are endemic, highlighting cacti (tetechos, oldies, chandeliers and pitayos) andcycads The semi-desert scrub contrasts with deciduous forests (deciduous), andforests of pine, oak and juniper.

The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán is represented by 57 species of mosses, as part of thenon-vascular plants documented for this area, and the vascular flora consists of 180 families, 891 genera and 2686 species

The floristic richness Tehuacán Valley-Cuicatlán best seen when comparingMexico's most diverse families as Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae,Cactaceae and Lamiaceae. Here live about 10% of the 30,000 species of vascular plants found in Mexico

The representative flora consists of cactus, cactus, harriers, candles, estafiates,garambullos, governors, agave, ocotillo, saguaro, etc.





FAUNA

Overall, wildlife-Cuicatlán Tehuacán Valley and Reserve has been less

documented than its flora, according to an inventory of insects Coridae, byBrailovsky, et. al., (1994, 1995) reported 24 species of bugs. Regarding the groupof vertebrates with some studies reporting 18 species of fish, 25 species of amphibians, comparing data with the deserts of North America and Australia,indicate a high diversity. And 78 species of reptiles, 336 species of birds.

Regarding the group of mammals 131 species have been recorded, of these 11are endemic and 20 are in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001, this group most

studied species are bats so far registered more than 36 types





Bibliographic

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Documents

Trabajo de Ingles de Tehuacan