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) ~ ( , [ \ ) O -< A oo .o oo G'(\DM -~ !-OCl)l f o .. o \; 'O c > - f,;I\~~Qc../(' ;45 W). Thetesungs were pcrtorrned using ~ thrust bc.uiug dcsigned as 51100. in a coudition "asacquired coinmcrciallv". under a normal loaeling of 270 N anel 2.340 cpm. Thelubricants (A) .ind 0:\) wcre uscd in lhe conuuuincd 01' uncontaminatcd condirions. Theil coruaminarus wcrc dcbris ot oxidizcd SICC!. A dJU acqui sit ion syslem collccied lhetemperature ucar lhe contaci. lhe environmcnt tcmpl'raturc, lhe pO\ \'cr dcmand of lheelccuic motor and lhe Sound Prcssure Levei. Thc clastic cnergy of vibrntiou wasrouohv ev alu :tlcd hv lhe overall vihra tjqll vclocitv. After the testings. the lrack surraceswe,~ ;I1JlvzecI bv Scanning Eleclrol1 Micr\lscnp~ (SEM). The main (bta acquirccl areshow n and graph~ \,"crc nutlincd to cnablc a l'oll1!~arisnn of the res ult s .

A bcnch test rig lI'as dcvcloped in laboratory using an adapted bench drill. which uses athrust bearing as COUpOI\ inscrtcd iuto acup containing a luhricant.ln this study il \\'3, uscd a sct of thrust bcarings FAG, model 51100 (commerciallyavailable). Thc coruponcntx, in rclativc mouon. wcre inuncrscd iu an oil bath in arder lOcharaclerize a sv-tcm of hvdrodvuamic lubrication.Before eac h t estiuu. i t \4 .'I .. .' I: t. .' perforrued an ultrasouic halh in thc coupous using isopropylalcohol for I O t1lil~Thell ihcv \v'n~~ried :lhO! air. This sanh..' procedurc \\'as udopicdafter the final of cach ll'sting: The coni act :-.urfacl...':-i werc allalyz~d ~Y Scalllling LJectrul1Microscopy (SEM),Tw o lubricaling oib .,:\,. and "B"" sr~ciricd fo r g~arh()x n::duccr:-., \Vl:r~ \~slt:d. Both"A"and "8" \-\'~reu:-.cJ ,,"ilhout 01'with COl ll~l I11inallh (at 10 q() tla:-;:-;) 1..)( 1Il~allic oxide:-;.sieved in ard er to pa:-.:-.lhe #50 mesh sievc: J llel \\'~Sret:lilled UIl # 100 IHeslt. obtainedfrom abrasive d~bri, "I' id.\NT 1045 ,tcel, "cale'" ai 673 I< dllrillg abouI olle hour,After the screenin ~ le:- .till~s. il was ~sl:1hli:-.ht:d ;1 :- . a ~lJppillg critcrioll a life af10"cycles, a nonnai IclCld(ch,ad IVcighl ,VSlCII1I 01' 270 N a lld a ,hart 1'01:111011011peeel 01'2,3 40 Cpll1. The ElcL 'tri cal Pow cr de lll~ lIlded hy tile ckclriL' molor \va s measur ed by :"InElectrical Powcr .-\cqlli,ilioll SySlClll lIlodcl l.\rvlIlell I:::T-4090 01' Minipa [nstrulIlenls

~L\TERlALS ANO ~IETHODS

Keywords: P~ trolclll1l Enginccring, Luhr icJ 11 1 Oil. BC :1[ :ing, Surface Fa tigue.

929 930 '.

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j10\1.:el" consumpuon around In.S lj( m01"1...' cconomic.il ihan iis congcncr lubricatcd withthc oil "A". ano alter 3 hours. circle (2). :1 slJ "ong perturbation occurred. which issuggc:->L'dhy lhe \..UfTCinclin.nion (dctiv.uc j. k:IJ ing this systcm In incrc.t-.c It:' powcrdcm .m d un ri l rcaching lh e d cm .md lcvel of lh:11 luhricaied irh lh e oil'A ". l in... .c (3) .Fig. lt b). undcr lh e prcscncc ..lf coruaruin.uus. f4r hoi h oils, thcrc H;J: l :1 J ('.....:-a sillg inthc ctecuical power dCI1lJ IlJ . Silll3til1g thcm arouud 1-+0\V,111 ihc curve rcgions 2 ~ l I 1 c J ] , ihcrc were an analogous tluc tuauon in lhe behavior of bothcurves. although lh e sysrcn: lubricatcd wi th oil "1\" coruaminated bv oxides havc alwaysdernaudcd mnus electrical power.Il1 tn :sling sysiern rCSp(lIhl.. S are revealed in Fig ., 2 (a) ano (b), wh ich show lh e' mainrcsult-, of Sound Prcssurc l.cvcl and Ovcrall Vclocity Vibratiou. respcctivcly, for thesvstern evaluaicd in ihcir rwo condirions ofthe lubric.uus "A" and "8"Surpn-iugly. fig.. 2(a) show-. ;.\ siglli!ica lll rcducuon of Sound Pre ;-;:-;lirL' LL"\('] in lheI(';-;tng u;-;ing cont.uuin.ucd oil in rclauon to lhe le~l illg usiug uncontamuatcd oil. around10 d8, ror lhe ail "11" However, ror lhe ail ",f..,," ihere was lhe opposire. i.e il wasobscrvcd an incrcasc 0[" Souud Prcs-.urc Leve i .nound 3 clB. While lhe l!1 ru :-,{ bCJ .rillglu hric .ucd wi th contami n.ucd ";.\" oil xhown bc noi-,v, thc invcrse occurrcd with lheihru-: hL~!rill':; luhric.ucd \,'ith "'B"This trcnd ror lhe

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(a)Fig 3. Hc.niu; ucar lh e cont.ict und cuviroruneut tcmper.uurc vcr-us lh e time ror lc :- .ling

LI:-.ing oib "A" anel"8" ill lhe conditiou-, (a) coru.unin.ucd .md (h) unconuunin.ucd

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Fig 4. SEiv1 images of lhe lowcr trnc ks /lI' ihrust bcaring aftcr tcs ling:: ; v....th (I) oil "A"anel\11; coruaminated "li "A", (111)o il"B" anJ \lV)l'OnIJ J l1;l1J teJ oil "8"

Q,IJ CO"1o e ccr-r

Figure..1