Trong Co Voi

Bun Ma Thut, thng 9 nm 2007

K THUT

TRNG C V THC N XANH

CHO CHN NUI GIA SC

D AN PHAT TRIEN

NONG THON AK LAK

TRUNG TAM

KHUYEN NONG AK LAK

Consulting Group

Li ni u

- khc phc tnh hnh thiu thc n trong ngnh chn nui, c bit l

ngung nc ngy cng kh khn nh hin nay, vic trng cc ging c cao

sn c xem nh mt gii php hu hiu, va to ra ngun thc n cho gia

sc va bo v tt mi trng, tng ph nhiu cho t.

- Trng c cao sn l hng u t cho thi gian lu di, ch u t ging 1

ln m thu hoch c nhiu v ( t 3 n 4 nm). V vy, i hi phi chm

sc c, nht l trong ma kh c th khai thc c nhiu hn.

A. K THUT TRNG C

I. Trng c voi

Thn r cng, ho g, mang nhiu r

kho v n su, thn cao 3-4m, mc thnh

bi di, rng rut, c nhiu t. C voi

sinh trng mnh cho nng sut cao. C

voi cn m v nhit thch hp l o

t 25-30 C

1. Hom ging

Trng bng hom, chn cy c mp, ly on thn bnh t ( tui 80 -

100 ngy), cht vt hom vi di 25 - 30cm/hom v c 3 - 5 mt mm

lm hom ging trng.

2. Chn t v chun b t

Chn t

C Voi a t mu v thong, khng

chu c ngp v ng nc. Loi t

trng c Voi yu cu c tng canh tc trn

30cm, c m trung bnh n hi kh.

Lm t

Cn cy, cuc su, ba tn nh t cc v lm sch c di, ng thi san

phng t. Rch hng su 15cm ngang vi hng dc, hng cch hng

60cm.

C voi

TRUNG TM KHUYN NNG K LK D N PHT TRIN NNG THN K LK

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3. Thi v v phng php trng

Thi v

- Khi c ma u vo cui thng 5 u thng 6 th tin hnh trng c

Lng hom ging (cho 1 so)2

- Cn 800 n 1.000 kg hom ging trng cho 1 so (1.000m )

Khong cch trng

- Hng cch hng l 60cm

- Gc cch gc l 40cm

K thut trng

- Dng cy hay cuc rch t thnh

nhng rnh su 15cm, rng 10cm v

ngang vi hng dc.

- Trn u phn chung vi phn ln

bn lt vo rnh.

- t hom trong lng rnh hi nghing, cch nhau 30 - 40 cm v lp t

sao cho hom nh trn mt t khong 10cm.

4. Chm sc

Trng dm

- Sau khi trng 15 ngy, cn kim tra ng -rung trng dm li nhng

hom b cht bng lng hom ging d tr.


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Lm c

- Trong thi gian u cn lm sch c di trnh tranh chp dinh dng

v nh sng vi c trng

- Sau c sau mi t thu hoch tin hnh lm c xi t ti xp c

pht trin tt

Phng php bn phn (lng phn tnh cho 1 so c)

- Bn lt khi trng: Ton b 1.500kg phn chung v 30kg phn ln trn

u bn vo rnh khi trng.

- Bn thc 30 ngy sau khi trng mi: Trn 10kg phn ur vi 5kg kali bn

vo gia cc hng c. Sau lm c xi t lp phn.

- Bn thc cc ln sau: C sau mi t thu hoch, c li ra l non th trn

10kg phn ur vi 5kg kali bn vo gia cc hng c. Sau lm c xi t

lp phn.

5. Thu hoch

- Sau khi trng 80 - 90 ngy thu hoch t u (khng thu hoch non t

u).

- Khong cch nhng ln thu hoch tip theo l 30 - 45 ngy.

- Ct gc cao 5cm trn mt t v ct sch, khng li mm cy,

cho c mc li u.

II. Trng c ghi n

C ghi n (cn gi l c s)

L loi c chu hn v nng, chu dm

p khi chn th b. C mc thnh bi

nh bi s, thn l mm, b thch n. C

s c trng lm thc n xanh cho tru,

b, nga dng ti ngoi bi chn nui

hoc xanh v phi kh d tr.

1. Khm ging

Ct b phn ngn cc khm c s ging trn rung v li chiu cao

khm khong 25 - 30cm. Dng cuc nh gc c ln, r sch t, ct, ct

pht bt phn r gi. Sau d tch thnh nhng khm nh, mi khm 3 - 4

nhnh em trng.

C ghi n


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2. Chn t v chun b t

Chn t

C s sng c trn nhiu loi t khc nhau, t c tng dy hn 30cm,

khng ngp nc ko di.

Lm t



60cm.


Thi v

Khi c ma u vo cui thng 5 u

thng 6 th tin hnh trng c

Phng php trng

Lng hom ging (cho 1 so)

Cn 600 n 800 kg hom ging 2

trng cho 1 so (1.000m )

Khong cch trng

Hng cch hng l 60cm

Gc cch gc l 35cm

K thut trng

Dng cy hay cuc rch t thnh nhng rnh su 15cm, rng 10cm v

ngang vi hng dc.

Trn u phn chung vi phn ln bn lt vo rnh.


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t cc khm ging vo rnh, ng cng mt pha v vung gc vi thnh

rnh, cch nhau 35cm, lp t su khong 10 - 15cm (khong 1/2 di ca

thn cy ging) v lu dm cht t, to iu kin c m, cy chng ny

mm v c t l sng cao.

4. Chm sc

Trng dm

- Sau khi trng 20 ngy kim tra ng rung v nu pht hin cy no cht

th trng dm li.

Lm c

- Trong thi gian u cn lm sch c di trnh tranh chp dinh dng

v nh sng vi c trng

- Sau c sau mi t thu hoch tin hnh lm c di, xi t ti xp

c pht trin tt


- Bn lt khi trng: Ton b 1.500kg phn chung v 30kg phn ln trn

u bn vo rnh trc khi trng.

- Bn thc 30 ngy sau khi trng mi: Trn 10kg phn ur vi 5kg kali bn

vo gia cc hng c. Sau lm c xi t lp phn.


10kg phn ur vi 5kg kali bn vo gia cc hng c. Sau lm c xi t

lp phn.

5. Thu hoch

- Sau khi trng 60 ngy thu hoch t

u.

- Khong cch nhng ln thu hoch

tip theo l 40 - 45 ngy.

- Ct gc cao 10cm trn mt t

v ct sch, khng li mm cy,

cho c mc li u.

- Mi nm ct dn gc gi mt ln


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III. Trng c Stylo

1. C Styl

L loi cy h u, lu nin, thn ng

hoc b. L loi cy thch nghi tt vi kh

hu nhit i, t b su bnh, c kh nng

thch ng rng v d nhn ging. Ngoi

tc dng lm ngun thc n cho gia sc

cht lng cao do giu protein n cn

c trng xen trong vn c ph, ca cao,

cao su, iu, ci to t, che ph t

v chng xi mn.

2. Chn t v chun b t

Chn t

C styl sng c trn nhiu loi t khc nhau, k c t chua ngho

dinh dng, t c tng dy hn 30cm, khng ngp nc ko di.

Lm t



50cm.


C stylo


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Thi v

Khi c ma u vo cui thng 5 u thng 6 th tin hnh trng c, nu

trng tr qu, ma nhiu cy khng mc c.

Lng ging (cho 1 so)

Cn 0,6kg ht ging c cht lng tt trng cho 1 so. Ngm ht trong o

nc m 60 cho ny mm ri mi mang i gieo t t l sng cao.

C th trng c styl bng hom ging, nhng do t l sng thp nn khng

khuyn khch.

Khong cch trng

- Hng cch hng l 50cm

- Bi (khm) cch bi l 25cm

K thut trng

- Dng cy hay cuc rch t thnh nhng rnh su 10cm, rng 10cm v

ngang vi hng dc.

- Trn u phn chung vi phn ln bn lt vo rnh, tip n vi thuc

Basudin vo rnh chng kin. Sau gieo ht ging thnh tng khm,

mi khm t 6-8 ht, v lp ln mt lp t mng khong 1cm. Nu lp t

qu dy th t l mc ca c s rt thp.

4. Chm sc

Trng dm

- Sau khi trng 15 ngy kim tra ng

rung v nu pht hin ch no mt

khong th gieo dm li.

Lm c di:

- Lm c ln 1: Khi cy mc cao

khong 10cm, tin hnh xi t cho ti

xp v lm sch c di, ng thi bn thc (bng ur).

- Lm c ln 2: Sau khi mc 2 thng, xi c mt ln na, to iu kin cho

c pht trin.

Lm c cc ln sau: Sau mi ln thu hoch cn tin hnh lm c, xi t cho

ti xp


- Bn lt khi trng: Ton b 1.500kg phn chung v 30kg phn ln Vn


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in trn u bn vo rnh khi trng.

- Bn thc khi cy cao 10cm: Trn 5kg phn ur vi 2kg phn kali KCl

bn vo gia cc hng c. Sau lm c xi t lp phn.


5kg phn ur vi 2kg kali KCl bn vo gia cc hng c. Sau lm c xi

t lp phn.

5. Thu hoch

- Sau khi trng 75 n 90 ngy thu hoch t u.

- Khong cch nhng ln thu hoch tip theo l 40 - 45 ngy.

- Ct gc cao 15cm trn mt t v ct sch, khng li mm cy,

cho c mc li u.

- Sau khi ct, loi b gc gi, b su bnh.

IV. Trng c vi mc ch khc

Ngoi mc ch trng ly c lm

thc n cho gia sc, c th trng c vi

cc mc ch khc nh:

1. Trng xen trong cc vn cy lu

nm

- Trong nhng nm u ca vn cy

lu nm nh: c ph, iu, cao su, ca

cao, nn rch nhng hng ngang vi

hng dc, bn phn lt vo

- Sau , trng mt trong cc lai c ni trn vo hng rch vi khong

cch cy cch cy l 30cm.

- Tc dng ca cc hng c ny l va thu hoch c nui gia sc, va

lm vt chn chng xi mn t trong ma ma

2. Trng xen trong rung cy ngn ngy trn t dc

Vo u ma ma khi lm t xong, tin hng rch cc hng ngang vi

hng dc, khong cch gia cc hng ph thuc vo dc.

- Vi dc ng th khong cch gia 2 hng l 5m

- Vi dc thp th khong cch gia 2 hng l 8m


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- Sau , trng mt trong cc lai c

ni trn vo hng rch vi khong cch

cy cch cy l 30 -35cm.

- Tc dng ca cc hng c ny l va

thu hoch c nui gia sc, va lm

vt chn chng xi mn t trong

ma ma

B. K THUT THC N XANH CHO GIA SC

c lm thc n cho gia sc

Nu trng c vi khi lng ln, c th xanh lng c ny d tr

cho gia sc n trong ma kh.

1. Nguyn liu

- Cc loi c ni trn 1.000kg, c

xanh nn gi hn c cho gia sc

n trc tip.

- Thc n tinh (bt cm) 50kg,

- R mt 30kg

- Mui 5kg

2. H

C th trong h xy hay h t c lt nilon

Kch thc h nh sau:

- Chiu rng t: 1,0 n 1,2 mt

- Chiu di t: 1,5 n 2,0 mt

- Chiu su t: 0,7 n 0,8 mt

3. Phng php

- Bm ngn c t 5 n 10cm

- Phi di nng khong 5 gi

- Lt nilon quanh h

- Lt mt lp rm kh, l ng hay chui dy khong 10cm xung y h

v xung quanh


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- Cho lp c dy 20-30cm vo

- Rc mt lp mng thc n tinh, mui v r mt ln

- Nn tht cht 4 gc h v ton h

- Sau lp li cng vic cho lp c dy 20-30cm vo, thc n tinh, r mt

vo, nn cho n khi ht nguyn liu

- Tri lp rm kh, l ln b mt

- y nilon li v lm mi che sao cho nc ma khng th lt vo h

4. Ly thc n t ng

- Sau 1 thng th c th ly ra cho gia

sc n c.

- Khi ly thc n ny nn ly t mt

u, ly tng lp, sau y li ngay

khng cho khng kh vo nhiu d gy

chua lng thc n cn li.

- Khi m ng ly thc n th phi

tip tc ly cho n ht, khng nn li

qu lu.

- Nu lm ng k thut th thc n sau

khi c mu xanh vng, hi chua v c

mi thm. C th bo qun n 2 nm

m ng khng b gim cht lng.

Ch :

- S thnh cng ca ng ph

thuc rt nhiu vo mc nn cht,

c lng thc n tinh hay r mt 5%

hay khng, nc ma c thm vo hay

khng.

- Thc n ny ch c th chim khu phn n hng ngy ca gia

sc.

- Tu thuc vo s lng gia sc c m quyt nh khi lng ng v

khi m ng ly thc n th khng th tip tc d tr phn cn li

c m phi ly cho n ht, sau li ng khc


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D an Phat trien nong thon ak Lak (DPI / GTZ)

S Ke hoach va au t

17 Le Duan, TP Buon Ma Thuot

Tnh ak Lak / Viet Nam

tel.: +84-(0)50-858.431/.476/.504

fax: +84-(0)50-850.236

E-mail: info@ gtz-rddl.org

website: www.rddl-daklak.org

www.gtz.de/vietnam

Trung tam khuyen nong ak Lak

Km 9 - QL 14 ng i Gia Lai - Xa Ea Tu

TP Buon Ma Thuot - tnh ak Lak / Viet Nam

Tel.: +84-(0)50 863013

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