tUlhe;j Mz;L mwp;f;if - 2008...1 vkJ Nehf;F vkJ ehl;bd; tsj;ij Nehf;fpg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; mNjNtis> gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila ifj;njhopy;fspd;> gpujhd

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;

tUlhe;j Mz;L mwp;f;if - 2008

වාර්ෂික වාර්තාව - 2009

nghUslf;fk;

tpguk; gf;fk;

vkJ Nehf;F 1

$l;bizg;G jfty; 2

rpNu\;l Kfhikj;Jtk; 3

gzpg;ghsh; mwpf;if 4 – 11

jiyth; mwpf;if 12 – 23

ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l $w;W 24

Kf;;fpakhdit 25 - 26

$l;bizg;G ey;MSif 27 – 31

epjpf; $w;Wf;fs; 32

tUkhdf;$w;W 33

Ie;njhif 34 – 35

%yjd khw;wf; $w;W 36

fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W 37 – 38

fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs; 39 – 51

epjpf; $w;Wf;fSf;F chpj;jhd Fwpg;Gfs; 52 – 79

gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G 80 – 87

fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapd; mwpf;if 88 – 116

RUf;f tbtq;fs; 117 - 118

1

vkJ Nehf;F

vkJ ehl;bd; tsj;ij Nehf;fpg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; mNjNtis> gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;

ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila ifj;njhopy;fspd;> gpujhd

thbf;ifahsh; rhh;ghd#oy; hPjpahf el;GwTila njhopy; Kaw;rpahf

tpsq;FtJ.

vkJ NtiyAk;

nrsf;fpak;> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; #oypy; Mff;$Ljyhd mf;fiw nrYj;JtJld;

Copah; gq;fspg;G> Gjpad fz;Lgpbj;jy; kw;Wk; midj;J eltbf;iffspYk;>

cah;e;j ePjpnewp Kiwfisg; NgZtJ Mfpatw;wpdhy; njhopypd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;

mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; cah;njhopy;El;g mbg;gilia gpuNahfpf;Fk; mNjNtis

tp];thrkhdJk; jpwik tha;e;jJkhd Kfth; tiyg;gpd;dy; %ykhfTk;>

thbf;ifahshpd; vjph;ghh;g;GfSf;Fk; Nkyhf KOikahd jPh;TfisAk;

NritfisAk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; ngw;Nwhypa Rj;jpfhpg;G> cah; juj;jpyhd

cw;gj;jpfis tpw;gid nra;tJ njhlh;ghd jpwid va;JtjhFk;.

2

$l;bizg;G jfty;

gzpg;ghsh; rig

jiyth; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsh;

NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpah> a+v];gP

gzpg;ghsh;fs;

jpU.nkj;rpwp tpNIFzth;jd

jpU. rhypa uhIfUzh

jpUkjp. fhe;jp tpNIJq;f

jpU. Nltpl; rhpj;j Fzuj;d

jpU. ep`hy; nfg;ngw;wpg;nghy

jpU.lgps;.Nf.gP.Ntufk

fzf;fha;thsh;

fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjp

gjpT nra;ag;gl;l fhhpahyak;

“nwhl;Ld;lh ltH”> ,y. 109> fhyp tPjp> nfhOk;G 3

njhiyNgrp : 2473644 (9 iyd;fs;) 5455455 (10 iyd;fs;)

je;jp : 2473644 “yq;fh Xapy;”

Nfgps;fs; : CEYPETCO

nlnyf;]; : 221167> 221235> 221624 CEPETCO – CE

njhiyefy; : 2473979

kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]

tq;fpahsh;fs ;

kf;fs; tq;fp fpwpd;Nya;]; tq;fp ,yq;if tq;fp

rpw;wp ghq;f; vd;. V.tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if nfhkh;\y; tq;fp

`w;wd; e\dy; tq;fp ypkpll; ];uhd;ll; rhh;l;lh;l;

rpNu\;l Kfhikj;Jtk;

mailto:[email protected]

3

NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpaha+v];gP

jiyth;/Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsh;

jpU. yypj; fUzhuj;d gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh; (epjp)

jpUkjp. Mh;.hP.V.jhgNu epjp Kfhikahsh;

jpU. v];.Nf.rpwpy; gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh;(kdpj ts epHthfk;)

jpU. Nk[H.vk;. MH.v];gP. rkurpq;` ghJfhg;G KfhikahsH

jpU. v];lg;.fkNf gjpy;. gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh;

(jpl;lkply; & mgptpUj;jp/ nraw;ghl;L Kfhikahsh; - tpkhd vhpnghUs;)

jpU. V.Mh;. Vgpy; re;ijg;gLj;jy; Kfhikahsh; (tpahghu mgptpUj;jp)

jpU. gp.IP.vr;. rkutpf;uk

nghwpapay; & tshf Kfhikahsh;

jpU. vd;.lgps;a+.B.NI rpy;th re;ijg;gLj;jy; Kfhikahsh; (rpy;yiw)

jpUkjp. IP b nghd;Nrfh gpujk rl;l mjpfhhp

jpU. gP.rP. Iath;jd Rj;jpfhpg;Gj;Jiw gjpy; Kfhikahsh;

jpU. Nf.v];.lgps;a+. nfhl;l`r;rp th;j;jf Kfhikahsh;

jpU. vd;.Mh;.Mh;.IaNrfu gpujp Rj;jpfhpg;G Jiw Kfhikahsh; (guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; nraw;jpl;lq;fs;)

jpUkjp. vr;.nrdptpuj;d tsq;fy; Kfhikahsh

jpU. vd;.vd;.I.Mh;. ngh;dhz;Nlh gpujp Rj;jphpg;Gj;Jiw Kfhikahsh; (njhopy;El;g Nritfs;)

jpU. V. yk;gpa]; Kfhikahsh; (tptrha ,urhadq;fs;)

jpU. <.vk;.gpaNrd gpujp Rj;jpfhpg;Gj;Jiw Kfhikahsh;

jpU. lgps;A+.ruj; .ngNuuh Kfhikahsh; (cs;sff; fzf;fha;T)

jpU.Nf.lgps;A+.v];. G\;gyhy; Mszp KfhikahsH

jpU.lgps;A+. vk;. Nf. Mh;.gP. tpf;ukrpq;` re;ijg;gLj;jy; Kfhikahsh; (cuha;T ePf;fp kw;Wk; jputpg; ngw;Nwhypa thA)

vk;. Nf. fUrpq;` Kfhikahsh; (mgptpUj;jp)

jpUkjp.IP.vr;..vd;..rkurpq;f nrayhsH gphpTj; jiytH

4

gzpg;ghsh; mwpf;if

1961 Mk; Mz;bd; 28 Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd

mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; gFjp 32(3) ,d; gpufhuk; gzpg;ghsH rigapdhy; 2008 brk;gH

31 Mk; jpfjp KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhd gzpg;ghsH rig mwpf;ifAld; fzf;fha;T

nra;ag;gl;l epjpawpf;ifia rkHg;gpg;gjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpNwhk;. tiuT

epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; 2009 khHr; 19 Mk; jpfjp elhj;jg;gl;l rigf;$l;lj;jpy;

gzpg;ghsH rigapdhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L 2010 khHr; 17 md;W fzf;fha;thsH

jiyik mjpgjp mtHfSf;Fr; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l

epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; 2009 nrg;njk;gH 30 md;W toq;fg;gLtjw;F

mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; Mz;lwpf;ifAk;> fzf;FfSk;>

fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapd; mwpf;ifAld; ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk;

ngw;Nwhypa ts mgptpUj;jp mikr;rUf;F Vw;fdNt rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

%y eltbf;iffs;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; %y eltbf;iffshtd ,wf;Fkjp> Rj;jpfhpg;G> tpw;gid

kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; tpepNahfk; vd;gitahFk;.

tpahghu kPsha;T

,yq;ifg; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Mz;;bw;fhd nraw;ghl;Lldhd

jiythpd; kPsha;T 12 Kjy; 24gf;fq;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; Kiwikfs;

$l;Lj;jhgdg; gjpNtLfspd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk; $Lkhd tiuapyhd

Jy;ypaj; jd;ikiaAk; ghJfhj;J mjd; nrhj;Jf;fisg; Ngzj;jf;f tifapy;

Kiwahd topapy; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tpahghuj;ij elhj;Jtjw;fhd Njitahd

cs;shh;e;j Mf;fg+h;tkhdJkhd cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfis gzpg;ghsh; rig

mKyhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

5

kdpjtsq;fs;

Copah;fis jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp cs;slq;fyhf

Gjpa tha;g;Gf;fis Copah;fSf;F toq;fpAk; mKyhf;fy; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspd;

ghy; mth;fsJ cah; gq;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; chpa kdpjts

Kfhikj;Jtf; nfhs;iffis $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;Jk; mKyhf;fp te;jJ.

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; Mf;fj; jpwid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf epWtfj;jpd; jw;Nghij

Mszpf; Nfhg;igj; jpUj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

fzf;fha;Tf; FO

fzf;fha;Tf; FO %d;W mq;fj;jth;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. fzf;fha;Tf;

FOtpd; jiyth; cl;gl midtUk; epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsh;fs;

my;yhjth;;fshth;. 2000 khh;r; 15 Mk; jpfjpa gPvg;/gP< 7 Mk; ,yf;fnghJ

Kaw;rpfs; Rw;wwpf;ifapy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s njspTgLj;jg;gl;l

tpje;Jiug;GfSf;fpzq;f ,f; FO nraw;gLfpd;wJ.

epjpr; nraw;ghL

tpw;gidg; Gus;T

fle;j Mz;Lld; xg;gLifapy; Mz;bw;fhd tpw;gidg; Gus;T 41.31% My; &gh

558.002 gpy;ypad; njhifia <l;bapUe;jJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Mz;bw;fhd

nkhj;j Gus;thdJ cs;Sh; tpw;gidapd; (96.4%) IAk; Nehpy; Vw;Wkjpapd;

(3.6%) IAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. cs;Sh; tpw;gidapy; Bry;> ngw;Nwhy;>

kz;nzz;nza; kw;Wk; krF vz;nza; vd;gd gpujhd $WfshFk;. ehl;bd;

74% Md ngw;Nwhypa tpw;gidAk;; 85% Md Bry; tpw;gidAk; ,yq;if

ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

6

,yhgk;/el;lk;

2007 ,d; &gh 3>984.18 kpy;ypad; njhifahd thpay;yh ,yhgg; gjptpw;F

Kw;whf khWgLk; tifapy;> kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ n`[pq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;

fhuzkhf &gh 1>321.572 kpy;ypad; cs;slq;fyhf &gh 14>735.028 kpy;ypad;

njhifahd Xh; ,og;G $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; Vw;;gl;bUe;jJ.

Mz;L G+uhTk; epytpa rHtNjr hPjpapy; Vw;gl;l vz;nza; tpiy gjpT

nra;ag;glhJ> tpkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; kpd;epiyaq;fSf;Fk; nghJ kf;fSf;Fk;

rYiffs; toq;fg;gl;likNa ,e;el;lj;jpw;Fg; gpujhd gq;fspg;Gf; fhuzpahff;

fhzg;gl;lJ. Efh;NthUf;fhfTk;> kpd; epiyaq;fSf;fhfTk; Xl;Nlh Bry;

tpw;gidfspy; ,Ue;J khj;jpuk; &gh 14>864.87 kpy;ypad; el;lk; gjpthfpaJld;

jdpahh; kpd; epiyaq;fSf;Fk; cah; ]y;gH #isvz;nza; (1500 SEC kw;Wk;

3>500 SEC) ,U juq;fspYk; tpw;gid nra;jikahy; Vw;gl;l el;lk; &gh

2>685.99 kpy;ypadhFk;. kz;nzz;nza; tpw;gidapd; fhuzj;jhy; gjpthfpa

el;lk; &gh 6>059.458 kpy;ypadhFk;. ,JNt nghJ kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l

,uz;lhtJ kpfg;nghpa rYifahFk;. %d;whtJ cah; rYifg; ngWkjpahd

&gh 3>120.329 kpy;ypad; Jet A 1 ,d; Nghpy;; mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l

njhifahFk;.

nghJ kf;fSf;F tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;l ngw;Nwhy;> ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd

#isvz;nza;> tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig kw;Wk; Vida tPjp mgptpUj;jpf;

fk;gdpfSf;fhd fUq;fhiu&gh 14>735.028 kpy;ypad; tiuapy; xl;Lnkhj;j

el;lj;ij fl;Lg;gLtj;Jtjw;Fg; gq;fspj;jpUe;jJ. kPsha;thz;bd; Nghjhd

Njwpa ,yhgk;/(el;lk;) &gh 14>952.52 kpy;ypad; njhifahFk;.

vkJ ,yhg/(el;lq;fspd; tpguq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

7

2008

&gh

tUkhdk;

2007

&gh

tUkhdk;

tUkhdk; 341,670.329 238,364.36

tpw;gidf;fpuak; (338,835.291) (221,723.53)

nkhj;j ,yhgk; 1,835.038 16,640.83

nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk; 1,070.740 1,789.24

2,905.778 18,430.07

tpw;gid tpepNahfr; nrytpdk; (10,516.235) (10,052.83)

epHthfr; nrytpdk; (3,961.366) (1,288.71)

epjpr; nrytpdk; (3,163.204) (3,104.36)

thpf;F Kd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) (14,735.028) 3,984.18

thp (217.490) (1,121.84)

thpf;Fg; gpd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) (14,952.518) 2,862.33

murhq;fg; gq;fspg;G

2008

&gh tUkhdk;

2007

&gh tUkhdk;

ngWkjp NrH thp 5,817.00 8,110.00

cw;gj;jp; thp 14,881.00 13,757.00

r%fg; nghWg;G thp -- 149.00

tpw;gidg; Gus;T thp 3,981.00 2,314.00

tpkhd epiya thp 205.00 5,429.00

Rq;f thp 3,289.00 580.00

tUkhd thp 4,917.00 833.00

gq;fpyhgk; 3,777.00 381.00

nkhj;jk; 36.917 31.553

8

nraw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdq;fs;

2007 Mk; Mz;by; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l &gh 14>445.90 kpy;ypad; njhifAld;

xg;gplg;gLifapy;kPsha;thz;bd; Nghjhd nraw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdq;fs; &gh

17>640.81 kpy;ypad; tiu mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. ,J 22.11% ,yhd mjpfhpg;ghFk;.

%yjdr; nrytpdk;

kPsha;thz;bd; Nghjhd nkhj;jr; nrytpdk; &gh 468.128 kpy;ypad; njhifahd

mNjNtis 2007 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ ,JNt &gh 245.912 kpy;ypad; Mfg;

gjpthfpaJ.

Mjdk;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Mjdk;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;;fspd; tpguq;fSk;

mtw;wpd; mirTfSk; 62Mk;gf;fj;jpy; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; Fwpg;G 6 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

xJf;fq;fs;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;j xJf;fq;fs; 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW &gh

5>586.20 kpy;ypad; njhifahdJld; ,J 2007 ,d; &gh 5>541.46 kpy;ypadhfg;

gjpT nra;ag;gl;l njhifAld; xg;gplg;gl;ljhFk;. mirTfs;> khw;wf; $w;wpy; 38

Mk; gf;fj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

9

gq;fspg;G %yjdk;

2008 jpnrk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;j gq;fspg;G %yjdk;

&gh 1>000 kpy;ypad; njhifahFk;.

gzpg;ghsh; rig

rigahdJ jiyth; cs;sq;fyhf VO gzpg;ghsh;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;.

kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ $l;Lj;jhgdg; gzpg;ghsh;fs; gpd;tUgth;fshth;.

1. jpU. NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpa> a+v];gP

2. jpU. nkj;rpwp B.tpIaFzth;jd

3. jpU. rhypa uhIfUzh

4. jpUkjp. fhe;jp tpNIJq;f

5. jpU. Nltpl; rhpj;j Fzuj;d

6. [dhg;.vk;.tP.vk;.myp rg;wp

7. fg;ld; ep`y; nfgbnghy

rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpukhzq;fSldhd ,zf;fk;

$l;Lj;jhgdk; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpukhzq;fis kPWk; tifapyhd ve;jtpj

eltbf;iffspYk; <Lgl;bUf;ftpy;iy. gy;NtW rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpukhz

Vw;ghLfSld; ,zq;Fk; tifapy; nraw;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;

nghWg;ghd midtUk; jkJ ,zf;fj;ij rigf;;F cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.

vjph;fhy mgptpUj;jpfs;

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Rj;jpfhpg;G tp];jhpg;G kw;Wk;

etPdkakhf;fYf;fhd mbf;fy; ehl;L tpoh 2008 Vg;uy; 29 Mk; jpfjp <uhdpa

mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mth;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; elhj;jg;glhJ. <uhd; ,];yhkpaf;

FbauR murhq;fj;jpd; cjtpAld; nraw;jpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

Kaw;rpfSk; vLf;fg;gLk;.

10

$l;Lj;jhgdk; jputpg; ngw;Nwhypa thA re;ijapy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;Fj; jpl;lkpLk;

mNjNtis cuha;T ePf;fp kw;Wk; fg;gy; vz;nza; re;ijia NkYk;

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F $l;Lj;jhgdk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

#oy; ghJfhg;G

Ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa vz;nza; rhHe;j cw;gj;jpfspd; tpw;gidapy;

re;ij Kjy;tuhfp ehl;by; jdf;F khj;jpuNk Rj;jpfhpg;gpw;F chpikNfhUk;

$l;Lj;jhgdkhf #oy; khriltij kpfTk; Fiwg;gjw;F nghWg;GilajhFk;.

ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; ifahsy; kw;Wk; gad;ghl;by; #oy; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; mjpcah; mf;fiwiar; nrYj;jpAs;sJ.

2003 ,y;; Rj;jpfhpg;Gr;rhiyapy; Brypy; cs;s fe;jfr; nrwpit 0.5% ,w;Fk;

Fiwg;gjw;;fhd Xh; fe;jfr; nrwpTf; Fiwg;Gr; nraw;jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Lk;

$l;Lj;jhgdk; 2004 Mk; Mz;by; ,Ue;J 0.3%,w;F Nkyhd fe;jfk; cs;s

Bry; tpw;gidia kl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ. vt;thnwdpDk;> ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk;

Brypd; fe;jfr; nrwpTk; 0.25%Mf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l mNjNtis ,e;ehs; Kjy;

0.05% nrwpTila fe;jfj;ijf; nfhz;l fe;jf Bry; cs;snjdTk;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

epajpr; rl;lf; nfhLg;gdTfs;

gzpg;ghsh;fs;> jkJ rpwe;j mwptpw;Fk;; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; ,zq;Fk; tifapy;

murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> Copah;fs; njhlh;ghf cs;s epYitahd rfy epajpr; rl;lf;

nfhLg;gdTfSf;Fk; chpa Neuj;jpy; nfhLg;gdTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjhf

jpUg;jp nfhz;lth;fshth;.

Ie;njhifj; jpfjpf;Fg; gpd;dh; epfOk; rk;gtq;fs;

gzpg;ghsh;fspd; mgpg;gpuhaj;jpd; gb> mwpf;if jahhpf;fg;gl;l epjpahz;bw;fhf

$l;Lj;jhgdr; nraw;ghLfspd; tpisTfspy; ghhpastpy; jhf;fj;ij tpistpf;ff;

$batifapy; ,t;twpf;ifj; jpfjpf;Fk; epjpahz;bd; ,Wjpf; fhyg;gFjp

tiuahd fhy ,ilntspapy; ve;j tpjkhd toikf;F khwhd

11

nghUz;ikahd rk;gtq;fs; votpy;iy. epjpf; $w;Wf; Fwpg;G ,y. 23 ,j;jifa

vitAk; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

njhlh;,af;fk;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tpahghuj; jpl;lj;ij kPsha;T nra;J vjph;T $wj;jf;f

vjph;fhyk; tiuapy; mjd; nraw;ghLfisj; njhlh;tjw;Fg; NghJkhd msT

%ytsq;fisf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; nfhz;Ls;sik Fwpj;J jpUg;jpailfpd;wJ.

,jd;gb> epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; njhlh;e;jpaq;Fk; mbg;gilapy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

fzf;fha;thsh;fspd; epakdk;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; fzf;fha;thsh;> fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjp

mth;fshthh;. ,th; ,yq;;if [dehaf Nrhryprf; FbauR murpayikg;gpd; 154

Mk; cWg;giuapy; cs;s Vw;ghLfspd; gpufhuk; gzpg;ghsh; rigf;fhfTk;

mth;fs; rhh;ghfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;.

jiyth;/Kfhikg; gzpg;ghsh;

19.08.2011

jiyth; mwpf;if

mwpKfk;

1853 ,y; Nghye;J ehl;by; cyfpNyNa KjyhtJ th;j;jf vz;nza;f; fpzW

mfog;gl;ljpy; ,Ue;J rh;tNjr krF vz;nza; tpiyfs; 2008 a+d; 04 md;W

12

Mov ement of C rude P ric e

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1/2/2003 1/2/2004 1/2/2005 1/2/2006 1/2/2007 1/2/2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

US $/bbl

141.035 a+v];.nlhyh;fs;/Bbl ,d; cah; kl;lk; mstpy; gjpthfpaJ. ,J 2007

,d; 68.50 a+v];nlhyh;/Bbl tUlhe;j krF vz;nza; tpiyapidg; ghh;f;fpYk;

205.8% mjpfhpg;ghFk;. ,t; mrhjhuz vz;nza; tpiy mjpfhpg;gpd; gpd;dzpapy;

cs;s rpy fhuzpfs;

1. vz;nza; cw;gj;jp ehLfspdhy; cw;gj;jp kl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

2. epGzh;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l vjph;T$wiyg; ghh;f;fpYk; Fiwthd US ,Ug;Gfspd; tPo;r;rp.

3. mnkhpf;f If;fpa,uhr;rpaj;jpd; gpuhe;jpa mur vz;nza; tpiyfspy; khw;wq;fs;

4. nkf;]pNfhtpy; ,lJrhhpfspdhy; MW vz;nza;f; Foha;fs; Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;lik

5. a+v]; nlhyh;fspd; ehzag; ngWkjp tPo;r;rp

6. <uhdpa kpiry; Nrhjidfs;

7. fiuf;fg;ghy;mfo;tpd; tiuaiw mfw;wg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf epiwNtw;Wf; fl;lis ePf;fk;.

xU gPg;ghtpw;fhd krF vz;nza; tpiy efh;T mnkhpf;f nlhyh;

tsk;: “gpyl;];” fspd; rpq;fg;g+h; tpiyfs;

2006 brk;gh; 08 mstpy; jyh xU gPg;ghtpw;F mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 40.76 khjhe;j

ruhrhp tpiyahfg; gjpthfpaJ. mnkhpf;f If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;fs;

flDf;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;jikahy; Vw;gl;l fld; gpur;rid rHtNjr re;ijapy;

vz;nza;f;fhd Nfs;tp tPo;rpf;Fj; jhf;fkspj;jJ.

13

kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ cs;Sh; re;ijapyhd ngw;Nwhypa tpiyfs; cyfr;

re;ijapyhd ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; tpiyfspy; Vw;gl;l jsk;gy;fSf;F

,zq;Fk; tifapYk; EfHNthUf;F cr;r eyd;fis toq;ff;$batifapYk;

ehl;bd; rpy;yiw tpiyfspy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ. NkYk; njspthd epiyapy;

ngw;Nwhypa tpiyfspy; khw;wk; Vw;gLj;jpajd; fhuzkhf nghJ kf;fspilNa

$l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlHghd rpwe;j vz;zk; Vw;glf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. 2008

Mk; Mz;bd;NghJ krF vz;nza; kw;Wk; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;l ngw;Nwhypa

cw;gj;jpfs; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l NghjpYk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; kz;nzz;nza;

kw;Wk; Bry;> kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhd Xl;Nlhvz;nza; vd;gtw;iw ,wf;Fkjpf;

fpuaj;jpYk; ghHf;f kpfTk; Fiwthd tpiyapy; toq;fpaJ. Ehl;bd;

nghUshjhuj;jpd; epiyg;ghl;bw;fhf kpff; Fiwthd tpiyapy; kpd; cw;gj;jpf;F

vhpnghUs; toq;fg;gLtJ Mf;fG+Htkhfj; jhf;fkspj;jJ.

murhq;fj;jpd; Ntz;LNfhspy; Njrpa tpkhd Nritf; fk;gdpf;F Fiwthd

tpiyapy; tpkhd vhpnghUs; kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. Fiwthd

tpiyfspy; Bry; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jikahy; &gh 7>991.546 kpy;ypad; njhifahd

nkhj;j el;lj;ijAk;kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhf &gh 68>733.326 kpy;ypad; njhifahd

el;lj;ijAk;; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Vw;f Nehpl;lJ. ,t;thNw = yq;fd; tpkhdf;

fk;gdpf;fhf Fiwe;j tpiyf;F vz;nza; toq;fg;gl;likahy; &gh 3>020.329

kpy;ypad; njhifahd el;lk; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.

kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhf khj;jpuk; Bry; kw;Wk; krF vz;nza; toq;fg;gl;ljd;

fhuzkhf &gh 9>559.325 kpy;ypad; njhifahd el;lk; mwptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld;

,J nghUshjhuj;jpd; xU gphptpw;fhf $l;Lj;jhgdk; Vw;w ghhpa el;lkhFk;.

,t;thW kpd;cw;gj;jpw;fhf $l;Lj;jhgdk; Fiwe;j tpiyfspy; vhpnghUs;

toq;fypy; Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpd; epiyg;ghl;by; Neubj; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ.

epjpr; nraw;ghLfs;

2008 Mk; epjpahz;by; &gh 14.9 kpy;ypad; njhifahd xh; el;lj;jpid

$l;Lj;jhgdk; gjpe;jpUe;J.,e;Neub el;lj;jpw;F jhf;fg;gl;l gpujhd fhuzpahf

nghJ kf;fSf;F Fiwthd tpiyapy; kz;nzz;nza;toq;Fjy;> kpd;

14

cw;gj;jpf;fhf Bry; kw;Wk; krnfz;nza; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F toq;fp tpkhdf;

fk;gdpfSf;fhf Kiwthd tpiyfspd; fPo; vhpnghUs; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

2008 Mf];l; tiu Vwj;jho 70 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fis Rj;jpfhpg;G

Miy gjpT nra;jpUe;jJ. vt;thnwdpDk;> 2008 Mk; Mz;bd;; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy;

krF vz;nza; kw;Wk; KbTg; nghUl;fspd; rh;tNjr tpiyf;FiwTld; 2008

Mk; Mz;bw;fhd Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyfspd; jpuz;l ,yhgk; Vwj;jho &gh 3.1

gpy;ypad; kiwahd njhifiar;Rl;bf; fhl;baJ.

2007 Mz;bidg; Nghd;W 2008 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJk; ,yq;if kpd;rhu

rigapypUe;Jk; Vida mur Kftufq;fspypUe;Jk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

mwtplg;gl Ntz;ba tpahghuf; fld; cah;r;rpailAk; Nghf;F fhzg;gl;lJ.

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Ljhgdj;jpdhy; mwtplg;gl Ntz;bapUe;j

fld;njhif 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW &gh 46.436 gpy;ypad;

njhifahfpaJ. ,t; tpahghuf; fld;fspd; rPf;fpukhd mjpfhpg;G njhlHghf

jpiwNrhpapd; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJld; mtw;iw chpa mur epWtfq;fsplk;

,Ue;J mwtplg;gLk; Nehf;fpy; ,e; epiyia mwptpg;gjw;F nraw;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;thNw $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; njhopw;gL %yjdj; Njitg;ghl;bw;F ghjfkhd

jhf;fj;ij ,t; tpahghuf; fld; mwtplg;glhikapy; Neubj; jhf;fj;ij

tpistpj;jpUe;jJ.

2008 Mk; Mz;bd; brk;gH khj eLg;gFjpapd; gpd;dH &ghtpd; ngWkjp

tPo;r;rpaile;jik> ,jw;F Ke;jpa Mz;by; epytpa &gh epiyg;ghl;by; Vw;gl;l

rhjfkhd jhf;fk; rhjfj; jd;ikf;F Neubahfg; gq;fspj;jJ.

xl;L nkhj;jkhf Nehf;Fifapy; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; murhq;fj;jpd;

thpf;fhf &gh 31.713 gpy;ypad; njhifahd gq;fspg;gpid Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Mf;fG+Htkhf ,wf;Fkjpiaj;jpl;lkpl;L NkYk; Mf;fG+Htkhf nraw;ghl;ilg;

Ngzpajd; fhuzkhf cs;ehl;Lg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Nfs;tpf;F epfuhd

tifapy; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jp ,Ug;ig NgZtjw;F $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

,aYkhf ,Ue;jJ.

ehl;bw;Fr; Nritahw;Wjy;

15

vkJ J}u Nehf;fpd;gb> vkJ ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;J Neubg;

gq;fspg;igahw;Wtjw;Ff; flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mz;bd; NghJ> kf;fSf;F

eyd;fs; nrd;wilaf; $ba tifapy; rh;tNjr re;ijapy; jsk;gy;fis

ntspg;gLj;jj;jf;f tifapy; cs;Sh; tpiyfs; khw;wg;gLtjw;fhd rfy

Kaw;rpfSk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kPsha;thz;bd; Kjy; %d;W fhyhz;bd;

NghJkpf cr;r kl;lj;jpy; vz;nza; tpiyfs; gjpthfpa NghjpYk; cs;Sh;

re;ijapy; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspy; tpiyfs; ,aYkhd tiuapy; Fiwthfg;

NgZtjw;F $l;Lj;jhgdk; Kaw;rp vLj;jJ.

kpd;rhu rigapy; ,Ue;J $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;Ff; fpilf;fg;ngw Ntz;ba njhif

jpUg;jpfukhff; fpilf;fg;ngw;wpuhj NghjpYk; mtHfSf;F $l;Lj;jhgdk;

el;lj;ij Vw;W fopTtpiyfspy; vhpnghUs; toq;fg;gLtjw;F eltbf;if

vLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;F chpa tpahghu Kaw;rpahsHfshf

,yw;if Kg;gil>Gifapujj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Vida mur epWtfq;fSf;F

njhlHe;J vz;nza; tpepNahfpg;gjw;fhf eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;thNw Kg;gilapduhy; kdpj Neag;Nghhpd; NghJ mtHfSf;F mtrpakhd

vz;nza;ia njhlHe;J toq;Ftjw;F $l;Lj;jhgdk; nraw;gl;bUe;jJ.

,t;thNw tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;NghHg; gpur;ridfs; epytpa

gFjpfspw;Fj; njhlh;e;J vz;nza; toq;fg;gLtjw;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

,aYkhf ,Ue;jJ.

2008 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ twpa kf;fs; gphptpw;F kz;nzz;nza;iaf; Fiwe;j

tpiyf;F toq;fpa fhuzj;jpdhy; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F Vw;gl;l el;lk; &gh 6.059

gpy;ypad; njhifahFk;.

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;> cs;shh;e;j Mf;ff; fpua eyd;fs;

rfytw;iwAk; Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F khw;Wk; mNjNtis> ,aYkhd msT

kpfr; rpwe;j cs;Sh; kpd;rf;jp tpiyfis eph;zapg;gjpy; jplkhf cs;sJ.

,jw;F ,izahf jdpahh; Jiw Nghl;bahsh;fspd; toikf;F khwhd

gztPf;fj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tptrhapfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; tptrha

,urhadk; njhlh;ghd vkJ tpiyf; nfhs;ifia ehk; NgZfpd;Nwhk;.

16

$l;Lj;jhgdk;> Xh; nghWg;G tha;e;j $l;likg;ghf #oy; ghJfhg;gpw;F Fwpg;ghf

ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd; ifahs;if kw;Wk; gad;ghl;bd; Nghjhd #oy;

khriljiyf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ. cyf

Rw;whly; juj;jpw;F ,izahf>#is vz;nza; kw;Wk; Fiwfe;jfj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jk; cw;gj;jpfis toq;Ftjw;F Rj;jpfhpg;gpid etPdkag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

jpl;lq;fis ,J tFj;Js;sJ.

cghakhh;f;f Kd;Dhpikfs;

Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyapd; Mf;fg+h;tkhd> tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nraw;ghL>

Mf;fg+h;tkhd ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd

nfhs;tdT mKyhf;fk;> flypYk; jiuapYkhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis

toq;fp Foha; khh;f;fq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf fsQ;rpa trjpfspd; cr;rg;

gad;ghLfs; vd;git vkJ cghakhh;f;f Kd;Dhpikfshf

,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpag; ghpkhw;W epiyaj;Jld;

,ize;J> Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F chpa fhyj;jpy; Jy;ypakhd jftiy toq;Fk;

Nehf;fpy;> Kaw;rp %ytsj;jpl;lk; (Enterprise Resorce Planning (ERP) nraw;jpl;lk;

xd;iw ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ. ,J 2010 ,d;

Kjy; miuahz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; Muk;gpg;gjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

$l;Lj;jhgd vjph;fhy epiyg;ghl;bw;F Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyapd; etPdkakhf;fw;

nraw;ghL kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,r;nraw;jpl;l epjp kw;Wk; mKyhf;fj;jpw;F

<uhd; murhq;fk; Kd;te;jpUe;jJ.<uhdpa [dhjpgjp2008 Vg;uy; 28 Mk;

jpfjpad;W rGf];fe;ij Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyapd; mbf;fy; ehl;Ltjw;fhf tUif

je;jpUe;jJld; ,jw;fhf Xh; Ghpe;Jzh;T cld;gbf;ifAk;

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

Gjpa re;ijfs;

17

2008 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpf; fhyhz;bd;NghJ ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;

$l;Lj;jhgdk; fg;gYf;fhfvz;nza; toq;fy; kw;Wk; cuha;T ePf;fp re;ijapy;

Eioe;jJ. ,t;thNw 2009 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ jputg; ngw;Nwhypa

thAre;ijapy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;fhf vz;zpAs;sJ. ,t; tpahghuj;jpd; %yk;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ,yhg vy;iyfis mjpfhpg;gjw;F nghUshjhuj;jpy; rYif

toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba gphpTfsi ,yf;fpl;L mtrpakhd Nrit toq;fiy

,yf;fhff; nfhz;L nraw;gLtjw;F fUjpAs;sJ. vkJ fkey

,urhadtpahghuj;ij tp];jhpg;gjw;fhf $basT tptrhapfspw;Fr; rhjfkhd

tpiy KiwikfisAk; KOikahfehl;bd; rfy khfhzq;fSk; cs;slf;Fk;

tifapy; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpw;gid

epiyaq;fSk; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.

Gjpa ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgd jiyik mYtyff; fl;blk;

kPsha;thz;by;>$l;Lj;jhgdk; Gjpa fl;blj;ij eph;khzpg;gjw;fhf eltbf;if

vLj;J mjidf; fl;Ltjw;F Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld; mr;nraw;jpl;lk; 2011 ,d;

%d;whk; fhyhz;lstpy; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;F vjpHghHf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jd;

vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l fpuak; &gh 1.5 gpy;ypad; mstpyhFk;.

$l;likg;G ey;MSif

$l;likg;G ey;MSifia Nkk;gLj;Jk; vkJ Kaw;rpfspy; vkJ cs;sff;

fzf;fha;Tr; nraw;ghl;il ehk; vhpnghUs; njhlHghd epWtf mDgtk;

tha;e;jtHfspd; Nritiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cWjpahd cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf ,e; epGzHfs;

jw;NghJ nraw;gl;L nraw;ghl;L kw;Wk; epjp hPjpahd ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia

mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjTfpd;wdh;.

epWtfj;jpd; epiwNtw;Wj; juj;jpy; my;yhj gzpg;ghsH rig mq;fj;jtHfs;

%tHfSld; mlq;fpa Xh; fzf;fha;Tf; FO epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epWtfj;jpy;

ey;MSifia cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpd; mikg;G

jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; gjtpazpapdhpd; ,lkhw;ww; FO xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpajd;

%yk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F chpa jPh;khdr;ridfSf;fhf Vw;w #oypy; jPHT

fhz;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

18

$l;bize;j r%fg; nghWg;;G

vkJ gpuhjhd ftd <h;g;G $l;bize;j r%fg; nghWg;ghdJld;

Efh;thsh;fSf;F ,aYkhd tiuapy; kpff; Fiwe;jsT fpuaj;jpy; KO

ehl;bd; Njitg;ghLfisAk; vjph;nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy; rfy Kaw;rpfSk;

vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkw;Fwpj;jthW tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspd;

tpLtpf;fg;glhj gFjpfSf;Fk; njhlHe;J vhpnghUs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLtjw;F

$l;Lj;jhgdk; nraw;gl;bUe;jJ. 2008 Mk; Mz;bd;NghJ murhq;f jpiwNrhpf;F

$l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 36.917 gpy;ypad; njhifahd tUkhdj;ij ,yq;if

ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; gq;fspj;jpUe;jJ.

Rj;jpfhpg;G cw;gj;jp

2008 Mf];l; 6 Mk; jpfjpad;W Rj;jpfhpg;G Miy 39 Mz;Lfisg; g+h;j;jp

nra;jpUe;jJld; ghjplg;gl;l 2>015>000 nkl;hpf; njhd; krF vz;nza;

cs;sPh;g;gpw;F vjpuhf 1>776>787 nkl;hpf; njhd; krF vz;nza;

jahhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. nkhj;j nraw;ghl;L Neu Mf;fj;jpwd; 88.17% MFk;.

ghjfkhd ,yhg vy;iy Fiwg;gjw;fhfTk; jilapd;wp cw;gj;jp toq;fiyg;

NgZtjw;fhfTk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapd; NghJ Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyapd; %yg;

nghUl; njhFjp 4000 nkl;wpf; njhif tiu Fiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

krF vz;nza; kw;Wk; Rj;jpfhpg;G cw;gj;jpfspd; ,wf;Fkjp

$l;Lj;jhgdk; 1.33 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyh; fpuaf;fhg;GWjpf; fpuaj;jpy;

ngw;Nwhy; ,yq;iff;F ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. 2007 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ

jyh xU gPg;gh krnfz;nza;apd; ruhrhp tpiyahd 71.97 mnkhpf;f

nlhyh;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; kPsha;thz;bw;fhd ruhrhp krF vz;nza; (fpua

kw;Wk; fhg;GWjp) fpuak; 97.65 mnkhpf;f kpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. krF

vz;nza; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhf jyh xU nkl;hpf; njhd;dpw;F 13.77mnkhpf;f

nlhyh;fs; nryT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJld; ,J 2007 Mk; Mz;bd; Nghjhd ruhrhp

fsQ;rpa thlifiag; ghHf;fpYk; kpff; $ba mjpfhpg;ghFk;. (2007 -6.37 jyh

xU nkl;) 2008 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJk; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;l ngw;Nwhypa ,wf;Fkjp

585 kpy;ypad; nkl;hpf; njhd;fshf ,Ue;jJld; ,jw;fhf 1.449

gpy;ypad;mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; nrytplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

19

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa epiyaq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk;

Nritfs;

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd kPsikg;Gld;> nfhnyhd;dhit kw;Wk;

ehnlq;fpYk; cs;s gpuhe;jpa njhFjp bg;Nghf;fspdJk; fsQ;rpa kw;Wk;

nraw;ghLfs;> juT epuw;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tpepNahf eltbf;iffs; xJf;fg;gl;L

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa epiyaj;jpd; fPo;

nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.

ehl;bd; Nfs;tpia vjph;nfhs;tjw;Fs;s cw;gj;jpia cWjpg;gLj;jp

fz;fhzpg;gjw;F re;ijg;gLj;jy; fk;gdpfSld; fpukkhd kPsha;Tf; $l;lq;fis

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa

fsQ;rpa epiyaq;fSld; ,ize;J elhj;jpapUe;jJ.

cyf re;ijapy; vz;nza; tpiyfs; Fiwe;J nry;ifapy; Kj;JuhInty

jhq;fpg; gz;izapy;nraw;ghl;il mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; Nghjpa ,ug;igg;

NgZtjw;fhf ghhpastpyhd fg;gy;fspd; gad;ghl;Lld; ,Ug;G ,wf;Fkjp

nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;lzq;fs; (freight)

FiwtiljYk; Foha; topf;fhfr; nrYj;Jk; fl;lzKk; n[l;bfSf;fhf

nrYj;jg;gLk; fl;lzKk; nrYj;jhikahy; xU xU fg;gy; Vw;Wkjpf;F Mff;

$basT&gh 30 kpy;;ypad; mstpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

nfuntygpl;ba 300 nkfhnthl; Nkw;Ff; fiu kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F

vhpnghUs; toq;fg;gLtjw;F fly; ,U topkhh;f;fj;jpdhy; Ntwhd fiuNahuf;

Foha;fs; nghUj;jg;gLtjw;fhd Muk;gfl;l eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

nraw;ghl;Lj; jpwid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf CPSTL nfhnyhd;dhit kw;Wk;

Kj;JuhInty fsQ;rpaj; jhq;fpfis ,izf;Fk; Foha;r; nraw;jpl;lk; xd;W

epWtfj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tUkhdk;

$l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ ehl;bd; 74% ngw;Nwhy;> 85% Bry; kw;Wk; 100%

kz;nzz;nza; tpw;gidfSf;Fg; nghWg;GilajhFk;. Mz;bw;fhd tUkhdk;

&gh 341.67 gpy;ypadhd mNjNtis Kd;ida Mz;bd; tUkhdk; &gh 238.364

gpy;ypad; njhifahff; fhzg;gl;lJ. cs;Sh; re;ijapy; tpiyfspd; mjpfhpg;Ng

&gh 103.306 gpy;ypad; njhifahy; tUkhdk; mjpfhpj;jikf;Fg; gpujhd

fhuzkhfpaJ.

20

xl;Nlh Bry; kw;Wk; kz;nzz;nza;; vd;git jtph;e;j ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jp

rfytw;wpYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tifapy; vt;tpj Nfs;tp mjpfhpg;Ngh my;yJ

FiwNth fhzg;gltpy;iy. Xl;Nlh Bry; Nfs;tp &gh 1>620.849 kpy;ypad;

yPw;wh;fshy; tPo;r;rpAw;w mNjNtis kz;nzz;nza;f;fhd Nfs;tpAk; 192.596

kpy;ypad; yPw;wh;fshy; tPo;r;rpAw;wpUe;jJ.,J Kd;ida Mz;bd;NghJ KiwNa

Xl;Nlh Bry; 1>713.54 kpy;ypad; yPw;wh;fshfTk; kz;nzz;nza; 214.451

kpy;ypad; yPw;wh;fshfTk; gjpthfpapUe;jJ.

2008 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpf;fhf ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigf;Fk;

jdpahh; kpd; cw;gj;jpahsh;fSf;Fk; 414 kpy;ypad; yPw;wh; BrYk; 794 kpy;ypad;

yPw;wh; #is vz;nza;Ak; 206 kpy;ypad; yPw;wh; fWg;ngz;nza; tbg;Gk;

tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd.

tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fs;

tptrhapfshYk; Njhl;l gaph;r;nra;if gFjpapduhYk; cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;

tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fSf;F epaha tpiyfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; mjd;

tpiyf; nfhs;ifapid ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;fpd;wJ.

mt;tpjkhf cw;gj;jp nryit Fiwg;gjpy; gaDs;s gq;fspg;igr; nra;J mjd;

%yk; KOikahf tptrhaj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.

jw;Nghija “rpngw;Nfh” tptrha ,urhadg; nghUs; thpirapy; 6

fisehrpdpfs; 4 fpUkpehrpdpfs; kw;Wk; 6 g+r;rpnfhy;ypfs; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.

vjph;fhyj;jpy; NtW tptrha mbg;gilapyhd gFjpfisAk; ,izj;Jf;

nfhs;Sk; tifapy; vkJ cw;gj;jp thpiria tp];jhpg;gjw;fhf jPtpu

ghprPyidfs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. ehl;bd; tptrha mbg;gilapyhd

gFjpfspy; epWtg;glf;$ba tptrha tpw;gid epiyaq;fspy; tpw;gidia

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; ehk; jpl;lq;fs; tFj;Js;Nshk;.

kdpjts mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; eyd;Ghp

21

2008 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Copah;fspd; gilazp epue;ju Mszpapy; 2682

Mf ,Ue;jJld; mika mbg;gilapyhd Mszp 197 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ Copah;fSf;Fk; mth;fsJ

FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; itj;jpa cjtpj; jpl;lk; xd;iw toq;fpAs;sJ. ,J

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; rpf;fd rq;fj;jpdhy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

CopaHfSf;Fr; Nrit nra;Ak; nghUl;L $l;Lj;jhgdk; ,U itj;jpa

mjpfhhpfis KO Neu mbg;gilapy; gzpapy; mkh;j;jpAs;sJ. kPsha;thz;bd;

NghJ &gh 30 kpy;ypad; njhiff;F itj;jpa guhkhpg;Gr; nryTfisAk;

cs;sf rpfpf;ir nryTfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJld; ntspthhp itj;jpa

rpfpr;irfSf;fhf rfy cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; khjhe;jg; gbg;gzkhf &gh 250

njhifAk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.

rpf;fdr;rq;f epjpapy; ,Ue;J Nkyjpf Xa;t+jpa>,wg;G eyd;;fSk; gzpf;nfhil

mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; xt;nthU Nritf; fhyj;jpw;fhf

miukhjf;nfhLg;gdtpw;Fr; rkkhd Xh; gzpf;nfhilAk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.

tpisahl;L eltbf;iffis Cf;ftpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;

$l;Lj;jhgdk; Copah;fSf;fhd tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fSf;Fepjp cjtpfis

toq;fpapUe;jJ. Copah;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jtHfspd; gad;ghl;bw;fhf

gpuj;jpNafkhf ntspkhtl;lq;fspy; ehd;F tpLKiw ,y;yq;fis $l;Lj;jhgdk;

Ngzp tUfpd;wJ. Copah;fspd; gy Njitg;ghLfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf

rYif tl;b tPjq;fspy; gy fld; trjpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

cs;ShpYk; ntspehLfspYk; Copah;fspd; gapw;rpf;fhf ehk; epjpaq;fis

xJf;fpAs;Nshk;. Copah;fspd; njhopy; GhpAk; #oypd; juj;ij cah;j;Jtjw;fhf

mth;fsJ nkhopfisAk; fzdp mwpitAk; Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf epjp

xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fPo;f;fhZk; tifapy; jpUg;jpfukhf jkJ Nritfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;Ak;

Copah;fSf;F xU njhif toq;Fk; toik cs;sJ.

22

20 tUlq;fs; - &gh 10>000

25 tUlq;fs; - jq;f ehzak; xd;wpw;F

30 tUlq;fs; - &gh 20>000

35 tUlq;fs; - &gh 25>000

40 tUlq;fs; - &gh 40>000

murhq;fg; gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tpf;fhf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLk; Copah;fspd;

gps;isfSf;F $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; eyd;Ghp eltbf;ifahf Gyikg;ghprpy;fs;

toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

#oy; ghJfhg;G

ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd; re;ij Kd;NdhbahfTk;> ehl;bd; xNu cs;Sh;

Rj;jpfhpg;G epiyaj;jpd; chpikahsh; vd;w tifapYk; ,Ug;gjpdhy;>#oy;

khRgLtijf; Fiwf;Fk; jdJ flg;ghl;il KOikahfg; ghJfhg;gjpy; fhprid

nfhz;Ls;sJ. cyf #oy; juj;jpw;F Vw;g Fiwe;j fe;jf Briy cw;gj;jp

nra;Ak; nghUl;L Rj;jpfhpg;gpy; xU etPdkakhf;fw; nraw;jpl;lj;ij

jpl;lkpLfpwJ.

2008 ,w;F mg;ghy; fz;Nzhl;lk;

vjph;tUk; Mz;bd; NghJ rf;jp cUthf;fj;jpw;fhf Fwpg;ghf Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l

ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd Nfs;tp mjpfhpg;gpid ehk; Ghpe;J

nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd Nfs;tp

mjpfhpg;G jw;NghJ Kw;whf ,wf;FkjpapD}lhfNt g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

ed;wp njhpg;G

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh; rigapd; rhh;gpy;>

,f;fhyg;gFjpapd; NghJ rfy rthy;fisAk; vjph;nfhs;tjw;F vd;NdhL Jiz

epd;w ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd mzpapd; rfy mq;fj;jth;fSf;Fk;

ehd; $w tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. nfsut ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa tsq;fs;

23

mikr;rh; kw;Wk; mtuJ mjpfhhpfs;> jpiwNrhp> kj;jpa tq;fp> vkJ tpahghu

gq;fhspfs; kw;Wk; thbf;ifahsh;fs; MfpNahUf;Fk; mth;fsJ

xj;Jiog;gpw;Fk; Mjutpw;Fk; ed;wpia ehd; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.

,t; Mz;L g+ufhTk; vdf;F toq;fpa ngWkjpkpf;f cjtpf;fhfTk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghhpa gzpf;fhfTk; gzpg;ghsh; rigf;F vdJ ed;wpfisj;

njhptpg;gjw;F ,r;re;jh;g;gj;ij ehd; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. kPsha;thz;il

ntw;wpfukhf;fpf;nfhs;tjw;;F mh;g;gzpg;GlDk;> flg;ghl;LlDk; Jizepd;w vkJ

$l;likg;G>epiwNtw;W Kfhikj;Jtk;> gjtpazp> thbf;ifahsh;fs; kw;Wk;

eyd; ngWdh;fSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfisj; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.

NkYk; vdJ murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> ngw;Nwhypakw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa tsq;fs;

mgptpUj;jp mikr;rh; nfsut V.vr;.vk;.ngsrp mth;fSf;Fk;> ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk;

ngw;Nwhypa tsq;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;Rr; nrayhsh; mth;fSf;Fk;> mtuJ

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; jpiwNrhpr; nrayhsUf;Fk; mtuJ

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp MSdUf;Fk; mtuJ

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; mth;fsJ ngUkjpg;G tha;e;j topfhl;ly;fSf;Fk;

cjtpf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfisj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

NkIh; n[duy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpa a+v];gP

jiyth;; & Kfhikg; gzpg;ghsh; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdk;.

24

ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l $w;W

2008 2007

&gh

kpy;ypad;

&gh

kpy;ypad

tpw;gid 358,002.00 253,344.00

%yg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfshf

nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;lit

(335,551.00) (215,331.00)

ngWkjp NrHf;fg;gl;lit 22,451.00 38,013.00

fPo;fhZk; topapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;lJ

Copah;fSf;fhf

Ntjdq;fs; kw;Wk; rpW eyd;fs;; 2,237.00 1,765.00

%yjd toq;fpath;fSf;Fr; nrYj;jpait

fld;fSf;fhd tl;b 3,163.00 3,104.00

nrhj;Jf;fspd; guhkhpg;G kw;;Wk;

tp];jhpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghL

ngWkhdj;Nja;T 366.00 324.00

gfpug;glhj ,yhgk; (15,029.00) 2,481.00

murhq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd

thpfs;> jPh;itfs; Kj;;jpiu thp kw;Wk;

nghJ jpiwNrhpf;fhd gq;fspg;G

31,714.00 30,339.00

ngWkjp NrHf;fg;gl;lit 22,452.00 38,013.00

25

Kf;;fpakhdit

epjphPjpahdit myF 2008 2007

nkhj;j tUkhdk; &gh kpy; 341,670.329 238,364.361

nkhj;j ,yhgk; &gh kpy; 3,156.610 16,640.826

nraw;ghl;L ,yhgk; /(el;lk;) &gh kpy; 2,905.78 18,430.07

epjpf; fl;lzq;fs; &gh kpy; 5,307.769 3,104.359

thpf;F Kd;ida ,yhgk; &gh kpy; ( 14,735.028) 3,984.181

thpf;Fg; gpd;duhd Njwpa ,yhgk; &gh kpy; (14,952.518) 2,862.337

%yjdk; kw;Wk; xJf;fq;fs;; &gh kpy; (1,416.432) 13,567.810

ePz;lfhy fld;ngWtdTfs; &gh kpy; 10,.955 14,269.601

%yjdr; nrytpdk; &gh kpy; 468.128 245.912

,wf;Fkjpfs;

krF vz;nza; ,wf;Fkjpfs; nkw;.

njhd;fs;

1,846,453 1,938,656

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ,Ug;G nkw;.

njhd;fs;

1,625,720 1,631,381

fpuak; kw;Wk; epWj;jw; ngWkjp &gh kpy; 144,505.386 114,319.991

nraw;ghLfs;

tpw;gidfs; nkw;.

njhd;fs;

3,459.619 3,478,861

Rj;jpfhpg;G cs;sPL nkw;.

njhd;fs;

1,776,787 1,795,672

26

re;ijg;gLj;jy;

rPgPrP ,w;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpw;gid

epiyaq;fs;

vz;zpf;if 253

tpw;gidahsUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd

tpw;gid epiyaq;fs;

vz;zpf;if 686

tpw;gidahshpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; tpw;gid

epiyaq;fs;;

vz;zpf;if 48

Copah;fs;

tUl ,Wjpapy; cs;s Copah;fspd;

vz;zpf;if

vz;zpf;if 2,832 2,931

Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;j nfhLg;gdTfs; &gh kpy; 1,880.570 1,578.803

jyh xU Copahpd; NrHf;fg;gl;l ngWkjp &gh 664,043 538,657

27

$l;bizg;Gey;MSif

$l;bizg;G ey;MSif

vhpnghUspd; ghhpa toq;FduhfTk; ,yq;ifg; nghUshjhu ,ilj; jahhpg;Gg;

nghUl; fhuzpahfTk; ,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; ehl;bd; rfy

jdpahl;fspd; tho;f;iff;Fk; epWtfq;fspw;Fk; jhf;fkspf;fpd;wJ. eyd;ngWdh;

FOtpidf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;ifapy;>$l;L MSifapy;

ek;gpf;ifnfhz;L>gzpg;ghsh; rig cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifAld; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

Kad;W> $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfspd; cah; juj;jpidg; NgZk; tifapy;

MSif eilKiwfisj;jpUj;jpaikf;fpd;wJ. ntspg;gilj; jd;ik>

ntspg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; fzf;fspg;G njhlh;ghf mjd; nghWg;Gfis

ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F $l;bizg;G MSif cWjpahf Jiz epw;fpd;wJ vd;gJ

rigapd; ek;gpf;ifahFk;. NkYk;> $l;bizg;G MSifapd; cWjpg;gLj;jy; Xh;

njhlh; eltbf;if vDk; Nehf;fpy; mth;fs; cs;sdh;. ,g;gphpthdJ mikg;G>

eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; $l;bizg;G gbKiwfs;

gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

gzpg;ghsH rig

gzpg;ghsH rig VO mq;fj;jtHfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,jpy; jiytH

cs;slq;fyhf rfyUk; 1961 ,d; 28 Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf

$l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur;rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fspd; gpufhuk; ngw;Nwhypa

kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa ts mgptpUj;jp mikr;ruhy; epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.

mj;jifa xU gzpg;ghsh; jpiwNrhp (epjp mikr;rpd;) gpujpepjp Mthh;.

Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsuhd jiyth; jtph;e;j rfy gzpg;ghsh;fSk;

epiwNtw;Wj; jukw;w gzpg;ghsh;fshth;.

kPs; epakdj;jpw;F mika> gzpg;ghsh;fs; rigapy; %d;W Mz;LfSf;F

Nkw;glhj gjtpf;fhyj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUg;gh;. jPh;khdq;fs;

vLf;ifapy; $l;bizg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jplk; ,Ue;J chpa jftiyg; ngw;W

Njitg;gbd; ntspj; njhopw;Jiwapdhplk; ,Ue;Jk; jftiyg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;thh;fs;.

28

$l;Lj;jhgdk; eph;tfpf;Fk; epajpr; rl;lj; Njitg;ghLfSf;F mikthf

gzpg;ghsh; rig $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tpahghu eltbf;iffis elhj;Jtjw;F

nghWg;GilajhFk;. mth;fs; tUlhe;j fzf;Ffs;> tUlhe;j ghjPL>

$l;likg;Gj; jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd mq;fPfhuj;ij toq;Ftjw;Fk; epjpr;

nraw;ghl;L kPsha;it fpukkhd Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; mth;fs;

nghWg;Gilath;fshtH. rigapd; Nkw;ghh;itapy; mbg;gilg; gjtp epakdq;fs;>

gjtpazpapdhpd;; gjtp cah;Tfs;> ghhpa %yjdr; nrytpd KjyPL kw;Wk;

fld;fs; njhlh;ghd mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gzpg;ghsH rigf; $l;lq;fs;

Kiwahd gzpg;ghsH rigf; $l;lq;fs; khjhe;j mbg;gilapy;

elhj;jg;gLtJld; Vw;gLk; tpNrl Njitg;ghLfspd; gb tpNrl gzpg;ghsH

rigf; $l;lq;fSk; ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhff; $l;lg;gLfpd;wd. rpNu\;l

Kfhikahsh;fSk; miog;gpd; Nghpy; ,f; $l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;th;. rigf;

$l;lq;fs; xOq;F Kiwahd epfo;r;rp epuYf;F mika elhj;jg;gLtJld;

$l;lq;fSf;F Kd;dh; $l;bizg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jpdhy; chpa ntspg;Gwj;

jfty;fs; gzpg;ghsh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ gjpndhU

rigf; $l;lq;fs; elhj;jg;gl;bUe;jd.

,zf;fg;ghLk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikAk;

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; mjd; rfy nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspYk;

ntspg;gilj; jd;ikiag; NgZtjw;F flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. $l;Lj;jhgdk;

fzf;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs; kw;Wk;

chpa gpukhzq;fSf;F ,zq;Fk; tifapy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

ehshe;j nraw;ghLfSld; cs;sf ,zf;fr; nraw;ghLfs; cWjpahf

xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lk; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur;

rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; tUlhe;jk; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;L ghuSkd;wj;jpy;

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpw;F ,zq;Fk; tifapy;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Gwf; fzf;fha;tpid fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjp

Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whh;.

29

fzf;fha;Tf; FO

tUlhe;j mbg;gilapy; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;l fzf;fha;Tf; FO xg;ge;jj;jpy;

tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Fwpj;j crhnty;iyfshy; fzf;fha;Tf; FO

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

tUlhe;j epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPsha;T cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikfs;>

,lh;Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; epWtf cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kfhikfspd; kPsha;T

kw;Wk; Gwf; fzf;fha;thsh;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghpe;JiufSf;F mika

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; gjpw; nraw;ghLfis cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd

epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; Nkw;ghh;it vd;gd kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

ghhpa eltbf;iffshFk;. ,t;Mz;bd; NghJ fzf;fha;Tf; FO %d;W

epiwNtw;Wj; jukw;w gzpg;ghsh;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJld; fzf;fha;Tf;FOj;

jiytuhf jpiwNrhpiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa jpU. rhypa uh[fUz mth;fs;

nraw;gl;lhh;. cs;sf; fzf;fha;;T Kfhikahsh; fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpd;

nrayhsuhfr; nraw;gl;l mNjNtis Gwf; fzf;fha;thsh;fSk; murhq;f

fzf;fha;T mj;jpal;rfUk; FOtpd; fz;fhzpg;ghsh;fshfr; nraw;gLfpd;wdh;.

FOtpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghpe;JiufSk; ntw;wpfukhd mKyhf;fj;jpw;fhf

gzpg;ghsh; rigapd; mq;fPfhuj;jpw;fhf rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Kfhikj;Jtf; FO

Kfhikj;Jtf; FOthdJ nraw;ghl;Lg; gFjpfs; njhlh;ghf Fwpg;ghf

eilKiwg; gpur;ridfs; gw;wp khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw $b

fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;FO gzpg;ghsh;fshy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl;L

mth;fs; FOj; jiytUf;F cjtpaspf;fpd;wdh;. ,f;FOtpy; gpur;ridfs;

tpgukhf Muhag;gl;L vLf;fg;gLk; jPh;khdq;fs; ,Wjp mq;fPfhuj;jpw;fhf

gzpg;ghsh; rigf;F Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

epjp ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;

30

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis cz;ikahfTk; epahakhfTk; ntspg;gLj;Jk;;

tpjj;jpy; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F gzpg;ghsh; rig

nghWg;GilajhFk;. ,f;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs;> epjp mjpfhur;

rl;lk; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur;rl;lj; Njitg;ghLfspd; gpufhuk;

jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;ssd.

cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfs;

cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfspy; Xh; jhf;fkhd Kiwikiag; Ngzp mjd;

tpidj;jpwdhd jd;ikia kPshAk; nghWg;G gzpg;ghsh; rigf;F chpajhFk;.

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Kiwahd gjpNtLfs;

Ngzg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;jp ek;gfukhd jftiy toq;Ftjw;F ,k;Kiwik

Kidfpd;wJ. ,g; nghWg;ghdJ epjp> nraw;ghL kw;Wk; ,zf;ff; fl;Lg;ghLfs;

kw;Wk; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtk; cs;slq;fyhd rfy tifahd fl;Lg;ghLfisAk;

cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. epahakhd fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jtpjkhd

cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikapd; %yKk; jtWfs; kw;Wk; KiwNfLfs;

njhlHghd jpl;ltl;lkhd fz;Lgpbg;G cWjpg;gLj;jy; my;yhj epahakhd

jd;ikia khj;jpuNk cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gij Kf;fpakhf

Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tg; gphptpw;Fg; Nghjpa fl;Lg;ghl;L

Kiwikfis cWjpg;gLj;jp Kd;Ndw;wq;fSf;fhf fpukkhd gupe;Jiufis

toq;Ftjw;Fg; nghWg;GilajhFk;.

cs;sff; fzf;fha;T

cs;sff; fzf;fha;T nraw;gzpahdJ mjd; tUlhe;j ,lh;fis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fzf;fha;T epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

rfy eltbf;iffisAk; ,dq;fz;L> kjpg;gpl;L> fz;fhzpj;J Kfhikj;Jtk;

nra;tjw;fhd nghUz;ikahd ,lh;fisr; rhh;e;J cs;sff; fzf;fha;thsuhy;

jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epfo;r;rpj;jp;l;lj;jpd; fPo;> ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt KiwikahdJ

fzf;fha;Tj; jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltjw;fhf fpukkhf

kPsha;T nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. epjp kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L ,lh;fisr; rhh;e;j

31

fzf;fha;Tfs;> kPsha;Tfs; kw;Wk; ,zf;fg;ghl;L> fl;Lg;ghl;L eilKiwfs;

vd;gtw;iwAk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

tpNtfj;ijAk;Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhfcUthf;fg;gl;l rfy El;gq;fspd;

tpidj;jpwidAk; kjpg;gpl;L ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik Xh; mq;fkhf

nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

KfhikahsH (cs;sff; fzf;fha;T) Mz;bd; NghJ ,dq;fhzg;gl;l gFjpfs;

cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; toq;fg;gl;l fzf;fha;T mwpf;iffis fzf;fha;thsH

jiyik mjpgjpf;F mDg;gpitg;gJz;L. cs;sff; fzf;fha;T kw;Wk; ,Ug;Gf;

fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; ,og;Gg; gphpTld; ,ize;J ,Ug;G NgZgtHfsplKk; ,Ug;G

fsQ;rpag;gLj;JgtHfsplKk; cs;s fl;Lg;ghl;L eypTfs; kw;Wk; Kiwikfspd;

eypTfs; njhlHghf Ma;Tfs; elhj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mt;thW ,dq;fhzg;gl;l

eypTfisr; rPuhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Mf;fG+HtkhdJk; Mf;fj;jpwDilaJkhd

fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l mwpf;iffs; ngw;Nwhypa ,Ug;G ghpkhw;wy;

fk;gdpapd; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F mDg;gpitf;fg;gl;ld.

Nkw;Fwpj;j gFjpfis NkTk; tifapy; 2008 Mk; epjpahz;bd; NghJ gy;NtW

fzf;fha;T xg;gilfis cs;sf;fzf;fha;Tj; jpizf;fsk; nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;jJ.

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Gwf;fzf;fha;Tg; gpur;ridfisxUq;fpizj;;J ehsJ

tiuahf;fp Xh; gpd; njhlh; kPsha;itAk; cs;sff; fzf;fha;T jpizf;fsk;

Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

jpiwNrhpAldhd njhlh;G

$l;Lj;jhgdk; kj;jpa tq;fpAlDk; jpiwNrhpAlDk; Xh; neUf;fkhd gpizg;ig

Vw;gLj;jp $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; jpiwNrhpr; nraw;ghLfis Kfhikj;Jt

nra;ifapy; mth;fsJ MNyhridfisAk; ngWfpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdk; ghhpa

tp];jhpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fld; ngWtdTfSf;fhf

MNyhridfisAk; topelj;jy;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ.

32

epjpf; $w;Wf;fs;

tUkhdf;$w;W

Ie;njhif

%yjd khw;wf; $w;W

fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W

fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;

fzf;Ffspd; Fwpg;Gfs;

33

tUkhdf;$w;Wf;fs;

2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ

Fwpg;G 2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

tUkhdk; 1 341,670.329 238,364.361

tpw;gidf; fpuak; (338,513.719) (221,830.205)

nkhj;j ,yhgk; 3,156.610 16,534.156

Vida nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk; 2 236.493 758.075

,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) (1,321.572) 106.669

tpw;gid tpepNahfr; nryTfs; (10,516.235) (10,052.825)

eph;thf nryTfs; (3,961.367) (1,288.705)

epjpr;nryTfs; 3.1 (3,163.204) (3,104.359)

epjp tUkhdk; 3.2 834.247 1,031.170

thpf;F Kd;ida ,yhgk; /(el;lk;)

tUkhd thpr; nrytpdq;fs; 4 (14,735.028) 3,984.181

Mz;bw;fhd ,yhgk; /(el;lk;) 5 (217,490) (1,121.844)

(14,952,518) 2,862.337

34

Ie;njhif

2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhdJ

Fwpg;Gfs; 2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

nrhj;Jf;fs;

eilKiway;yhr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

Mjdq;fs;> nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk;cgfuzq;fs; 1 4,624.068 4,374.649

$l;Lr; Nrh;e;j fk;gdpfspyhd KjyPLfs; 7.1 2,500.000 2,500.000

NtW KjyPLfs; 7.2 41.876 46.876

tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; -

(xU tUlj;jpw;F Nkyhdit)

8 4,788.333 5,087.803

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 5 689.623 689.623

12,643.900 12,698.951

eilKiwr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

,ug;Gfs; 9 31,537.495 40,193.145

tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; -

(xU tUlj;jpw;F cl;gl;lit)

8 66,962.369 34,236.898

tUkhd thp 243.672 -

ifapYs;s fhRk; tq;fpapy; cs;s fhRk; 10 9,244.432 10,744.471

nkhj;j nrhj;Jf;fs; 120,631.868 97,873.465

35

%yjdKk; nghWg;GfSk;/%yjdk; kw;Wk;

xJf;fq;fs;

gq;fspf;fg;gl;l %yjdk; 11 1,000.000 1,000.000

%yjd xJf;fk; 12 4,992.686 4,992.686

kPs; kjpg;gPl;L xJf;fk; 13 25.696 25.696

fhg;GWjp xJf;fk; 14 567.814 523.079

gpbj;Jitj;j ,yhgk; (8,002.628) 7,026.349

nkhj;j %yjdk; (1,416.432) 13,567.810

eilKiway;yhg; nghWg;Gfs;

Xa;Tf;fhy eyd; nghWg;G 15 566.542 541.367

tl;bf; fld;fs; kw;Wk; nrd;kjpfs; 16 10,908.413 13,728.234

11,474.955 14,269.601 eilKiwg; nghWg;Gfs; tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida

nrYj;jg;glNtz;bait

17 63,802.285 23,855.490

tUkhd thpg; nghWg;Gfs; - 594.686

tl;b nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fld;fs;

(Mz;bd; NghJ)

18 46,697.413 45,204.416

thp Vw;ghL 73.647 381.464

110,631.868 70,036.054

%yjdk; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfspd; nkhj;jk; 120,631.868 97,873.465

%yjd khw;wf; $w;W

NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpa a+v];gP Mh;.hp.V.jhgNu MH.v];.Re;juypq;fk;

jiyth;; / Kfhikg; gzpg;ghsh; epjp Kfhikhash gjpy;. Nkyjpf epjp KfhikhahsH

36

2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ

gq;fspf;fg;gl;l

%yjdk;

%yjd xJf;fk;

kPs;kjpg;G xJf;fk;

fhg;GWjp xJf;fk;

jpuz;l ,yhgk;/(el;

lk;)

&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;

2006.01.01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp

2006.01.01 ,w;F Kd;dH jtWfis rPuhf;Fjy;

1000.000 4992.686 25.696 482.210 6,172.863

(m) 2004 ,y; rpf;fdr;rq;fj;jpw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kpif Vw;ghl;bd; kPs;gjpT

100.000

(M) VrPhP mwtplg;glhikf;fhd Vw;ghL (376.000)

(,) gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp (109.380)

2006 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp (jpUj;jg;gl;lJ) 1000.000 4992.686 25.696 482.210 5,787.483

2006 fzf;fPl;Lf; fhyg;gFjp

(c) 2006 fzf;fPl;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapf;fhd epjpf; fpua kpifapd; rPuhf;fk;

(82.042)

(C) 2003.09.30 Kjy; 2005.09.30 tiuahd fzf;fPl;Lf; fhyg;gFjpAld; njhlHghd tpw;gid Gus;T thpapd; epYitf;fhd Vw;ghL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;buhikf;fhd rPuhf;fk;

(158.800)

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (54.570)

Mz;bd; Nghjhd kpif 19.880

2006 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1,000.000 4,992.686 25.696 502.088 4545.476

2007 fzf;fPl;Lf; fhyg;gFjp


fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Njwpa ,yhgk; 2,862.340

gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (381.460)

2007 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.00 4992.686 25.696 523.079 7,026.349


fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Njwpa el;lk; (14,952.520)

gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (76.460)

2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.00 4992.686 25.696 567.814 (8,002.628)

Fwpg;G 1. gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; - 2000 Mk; Mz;bd; 38 Mk; ,yf;f cs;ehl;L ,iwthp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; Vw;ghL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W

37


2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ

2008 2007

&ghkpy;. &gh kpy;.

nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspypUe;jhd fhRg;gha;r;ry; (14,735.028)

3,984.181

thpf;F Kd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;)

rPuhf;fq;fSf;fhf :

ngWkhdj;Nja;T

366.722

323.622 ntspehl;L ehzakhw;W

(1,013.785)

(198.335) KjyPl;L tUkhdk;

(0.111)

(437.500) ngwg;gl;l tl;b

(654.726)

(954.070) fhg;GWjp xJf;fj;jpw;fhd Vw;ghL

44.755

20.991 efuhj fsQ;rpag;nghUl;fSf;fhd Vw;ghL

(18.181)

27.408 mwtplKbahj kw;Wk; Iaf;fld;fs; kw;Wk; mwtPLfSf;fhd Vw;ghL

(16.152)

(4.309) tl;b nryTfs;

3,163.204

3,104.359 gq;Ffspd; kjpg;gPl;bw;fhd rPuhf;fk;

5.000

6.250 Xa;Tf;fhy eyd;nghWg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghL

47.226

48.999 Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz tpw;gidapyhd

(,yhgk;)/ el;lk; (1.908) (9.216)

njhopw;gL %yjd khw;wq;fSf;;F Kd;duhd nraw;ghl;L

,yhgk; /(el;lk;) (12,813.004) 5,912.381

njhopw;gL %yjd khw;wq;fs;

,Ug;Gf;fspd; (mjpfhpg;G)/ FiwT

8,673.831

(13,321.526) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfspyhd

(32,409.049)

(13,098.772)

38

(mjpfhpg;G)/ FiwT

tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfspyhd mjpfhpg;G/ (FiwT)

39,946.795

23,813.340 nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J cUthd fhR

3,397.773

3,305.423

tl;bf; nfhLg;gdT

(3,163.204)

(3,104.359) nrYj;jg;gl;l Xa;T+jpag; gzpf;nfhil

(22.051)

(21.981) thpf; nfhLg;gdT

(1,440.124)

(142.140) nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J cUthd Njwpa fhR

(1,227.606)

36.943

KjyPl;L eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd Njwpa fhR

Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz nfhs;tdT (630.180) (249.305)

Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz tpw;gidapypUe;jhd tUkjpfs;

15.948

23.723

KjyPLfspypUe;jhd tUkhdk;

0.111

437.500 ngw;w tl;b

654.726

954.070 KjyPl;L eltbf;iffspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Njwpa fhR

40.605

1,165.988 epjp eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd fhRg;gha;r;ry;fs; ePz;l fhy fld;fspd; kPs;nfhLg;gdT

(1,001.410)

(3,326.039) epjp eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd Njwpa fhR

(1,001.410)

(3,326.039)

39 - 51 gf;fq;fspy; cs;s fzf;fPl;Lf;nfhs;iffSk; 52 - 79 tiuahd

gf;fq;fspy; cs;s Fwpg;GfSk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; cs;shHe;j gFjpfshFk;.

39

fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;

1. $l;bidg;G jfty;fs;

1.1 nghJ

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 1961 ,d; 28 Mk; ,yf;f

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

cUthf;fg;gl;L ,yq;ifapy; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

gjpT nra;ag;gl;l mYtyfk; ,y 109> fhyp tPjp> nfhOk;G 03

,y; mike;Js;sJ.

1.2 Kf;fpa eltbf;iffSk; ,aw;ifr; nraw;ghLfSk;

ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Kf;fpa eltbf;iffs; krF

vz;nza; ,wf;Fkjp> Rj;jpfhpg;G> Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ngw;Nwhypag;

nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjp> ,yq;ifapy; ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd;

tpw;gidAk; tpepNahfKk; MFk;.

1.3 ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdKk; ngw;Nwhypa ts mgptpUj;jp

mikr;rpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlHG

ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; ngw;Nwhypa ts mgptpUj;jp

mikr;rpd; fz;fhzpg;gpy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if

murhq;fj;jpdhNyNa ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghL njhlHghd ,Wjpj; jPHkhdk;

vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gNj gzpg;ghsh;fspd; mgpg;gpuhakhFk;.

1.4 epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ntspaplg;gLtjw;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l jpfjp

2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j Mz;bw;fhf ,yq;if

ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; 2009 ngg;uthp 24

Mk; jpfjp gzpg;ghsh; rigapd; jPh;khdj;jpd; gb

ntspaplg;gLtjw;fhf mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

2. fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;if

40

epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if gl;laf; fzf;fhsh; epWtdj;jpdhy;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs;> nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l

fzf;fPl;Lf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; gpufhuKk; 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp

mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhlh;r;rpahd jpUj;jq;fspw;Fk;

mika (kPs; kjpg;gPL jtph;e;j) tuyhw;Wf; fpua mbg;gilapNyNa

jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if &ghf;fspy; jahhpf;fg;gl;L rfy ngWkjpfSk;

Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;lhy; md;wp fpl;ba kpy;ypadpy; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2.1 ,zq;fw;$w;W

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if

fzf;fPl;L epakq;fspd; (SLAS) gpufhuk; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2.1.1 njhlh;e;jpaf;fk;

gzpg;ghsh;fs; $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;jpaq;Fk; epWtdj;jpw;fhd

,aYikiaf; nfhz;ljhf kjpg;gpl;L ,jid fiyg;gjw;Nfh

my;yJ tpahghuj;ij KbTWj;Jtjw;Nfh fUjtpy;iy.

2.1.2 xg;gPl;Lj; jfty;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; njhlh;e;J fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; fle;j Mz;by; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ltw;wpw;F

,zq;Fk; tifapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

xg;gPl;Lj; njhiffspw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l khw;wq;fs; Fwpg;G 21

,y; KOikahfj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

2.2 Kf;fpa fzf;fPl;L jPh;khdq;fs;> kjpg;gPLfs; kw;Wk; fUJ Nfhs;fs;

2.2.1 fzf;fPl;Lld; njhlHghdjPh;khdq;fs;

41

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;

eilKiwapy;> epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; cs;s njhiffs; kPjhd ghhpa

jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; kjpg;gPl;by; <Lgl;lth;fSf;F Nkyhjpfkhf

Kfhikj;Jtk; gpd;tUk; jPh;khdq;fis vLj;Js;sJ.

2.2.2 gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgq;fs;> thp ,og;Gf;fSf;F vjpuhf

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l mjw;F Nkyhf gad;gLj;jg;glhj rfy thp

,og;Gf;fSk; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs; MFk;. Neuk; kw;Wk;

vjph;fhy thpf;Fl;gLk; ,yhgq;fs; vjph;fhy thpj; jpl;l

cghaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghpe;Jiuf;fg;glf; $ba

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; njhifia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F

ghhpa Kfhikj;Jt jPh;khdq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3 Kf;fpa fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffspd; nghopg;G

epjpf;$w;Wf;fs;> $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ntspg;gLj;jy;;

ehzakhd> ,yq;if &ghf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ntspehl;L ehzaq;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;

nghWg;Gf;fspd; ehzag; ngWkjp Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapy; cs;s

ehza khw;W tPjj;jpy; ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. rfy NtWghLfSk;

,yhgq;fs; my;yJ el;lq;fshf vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ehzag;

ngWkjpapy; mstplg;glhj tplaq;fshf tuyhw;Wf; fpuaj;jpy;

mstplg;gLgit Muk;gf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; jpfjpfspy; cs;s

ghpkhw;W tpjj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

ehzaj;jpy; mstplg;glhj tplaq;fs; epahag; ngWkjpapy;

eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l jpfjpapy; cs;sthwhd ghpkhw;W tpfpjj;jpidg;

gad;gLj;jp ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3.1 thp

42

(m) eilKiw thp

eilKiw kw;Wk; fle;j fhyg; gFjpfSf;fhd eilKiw

tUkhd thpr; nrhj;Jf;fSk; nghWg;Gf;fSk; thp mjpfhhpfSf;Fr;

nrYj;jg;gl;l my;yJ mth;fsplkpUe;J mwtplg;gl

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; njhifapy; mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. njhifia

fzpg;gpLtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l thp tPjq;fSk; thpr; rl;lq;fSk;

Ie;njhif jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J mKyhf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mjidj;

njhlh;e;J mKyhf;fg;gl;litahFk;.

epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l tUkhd nrytpdj;jpd;

fhuzpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tUkhd thpf;fhd Vw;ghL

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L chpa thpr;rl;lq;fspd; Vw;ghLfspd; gpufhuk;

fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

(M) gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thp Vw;ghlhdJ nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;

nghWg;Gf;fspd; thp rhHe;j fhuzpfSf;F ,ilapy; Ie;njhifj;

jpfjpapy; cs;s jw;fhypf NtWghLfs; epjp mwpf;ifaply;

Nehf;fq;fspw;fhf nghWg;G Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lq;fs; my;yJ fzf;fPl;L

,yhgq;fs; vjidAk; jhf;fhj nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; NghJk;

tpahghu xUq;fpizg;G my;yhj Xh; nfhLf;fy; thq;fs;fspd;

nrhj;J my;yJ nghWg;ghf Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,dq;fhzg;gl;l

tUkhd thpg; nghWg;Gj; jtph;e;j rfy thpf;Fl;gLk; jw;fhypf

NtWghLfSf;fhfTk; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpg; nghWg;Gf;fs;

,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Ntisapy; fzf;fPl;L ,yhgk; my;yJ

thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lq;fis jhf;fhj Xh; tpahghu

xUq;fpidg;G my;yhj Xh; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspy; Xh; nrhj;J

my;yJ nghWg;gpidr; rhHe;j ,dq;fhzypy; ,Ue;J vOk;

fopf;fg;glf; $ba jw;fhypf NtWghLfSf;F vjpuhd fpilf;fg;

ngw;Ws;s thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgk; cs;s tiuapy; gad;gLj;jg;glhj

43

thp ,og;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj thpr;nrhj;Jf;fs; Kd;

nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;L rfy fopf;fg;glf; $ba jw;fhypf

NtWghLfSf;fhfTk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;litNa gpw;Nghlg;gl;l

tUkhd thpr; nrhj;Jf;fshFk;.

xt;nthU Ie;njhifj;jpfjpapYk; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpr;

nrhj;Jf;fspd; njhif kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L Nghjpa thpf;Fl;gl;l

,yhgk; rfy my;yJ gFjpastpyhd gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpr;

nrhj;Jf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tiu fopf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapy; mKyhf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mjd; gpd;dh;

cUthf;fg;gl;l (thpr; rl;lq;fs;) thp tPjq;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L nrhj;Jf;fs; ,dq;fhzg;gLifapy; my;yJ nghWg;Gf;fs;

jPh;f;fg;gLifapy; Mz;by; tpjpf;fg;gLtjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; thp

tPjq;fspy; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpr; nrhj;Jf;fSk;

nghWg;GfSk; mstplg;gLfpd;wd.

%yjdj;jpy; Neubahf ,dq;fhzg;gl;l tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghd

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thp tUkhdf; $w;wpy; my;yhJ

%yjdj;jpy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(,) tpw;gid thp

tpw;gid thp cs;slf;fg;glhj njhifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ngw

Ntz;ba kw;Wk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba nrytpd tplaq;fspd; Xh;

gFjp my;yJ nrhj;jf;fspd; fpuaj;jpd; Xh; gFjp ,dq;fhzg;gl;l

tpw;gid thp mjpfhhpfshy; mwtplg;glhj Nritfs; my;yJ

nrhj;Jf;fspd; nfhs;tdTfspy; $wg;gl;l tpw;gid thp jtph;e;j

tUkhdk;> nrytpdq;fs; kw;Wk; nrhj;J tpw;gid thpj;

njhifapd; Njwpa njhifapy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3.2 fld; fpuaq;fs;

44

fld; fpuaq;fs; mit $wg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapd; Xh; nrytpdkhf

,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3.3 ,Ug;Gfs;

,Ug;Gfs;>iftplg;gl;l kw;Wk; Fiwthf efUk; tplaq;fSf;fhd

epYit tpLnjhiffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lij mLj;Js;s Njwpa

iff;nfl;ba ngWkjp kw;Wk; fpuak; ,tw;wpy; Fiwthd

ngWkjpapy; ngWkjpaplg;gLfpd;wd. Njwpa iff;nfl;Lk; ngWkjp

vd;gJ ,Ug;Gfs; toikahd epiyapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk;

tpiyapy; ,Ue;J g+h;j;jpahf;fg;gLtjw;F kjpg;gplg;gl;l

fpuaj;ijAk; tpw;gid nra;tjw;F mtrpakhf kjpg;gplg;gl;l

fpuaj;jpidAk; fopj;jjd; gpd;dh; cs;sjhFk;.

jw;Nghija ,lj;jpw;Fk; epiyf;Fk; ,Ug;Gf;fisf;

nfhz;LtUtjw;F $wg;gl;l fpuak; gpd;tUk; fpuag;gad;ghl;ilg;

gad;gLj;jpf; fzf;fplg;gLfpd;wd.

%yg; nghUl;fs; Kd; te;jJ Kd; nry;yy; mbg;gilapyhd

nfhs;tdTf; fpua Kiw

KbTg; nghUl;fs;>

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l

cw;gj;jpfs;

NeHg; nghUl;fs;> NeH thlif kw;Wk; fld;

ngWk; fpuak; jtph;e;j toikahd cw;gj;jp

,aysitr; rhHe;j Xh; Vw;w cw;gj;jp

Nke;jiyapd; tpfpjk;.

,wf;Fkjpfs; Kd; te;jit Kd; nry;Yk; mbg;gilapy;

nfhs;tdTf; fpuaj;jpy;

eilKiw Ntiy>

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l

cw;gj;jpfs;

NeHg; nghUl;fs;> NeH thlif kw;Wk; fld;

ngWk; fpuak; jtph;e;j toikahd cw;gj;jp

,aysitr; rhHe;j Xh; Vw;w cw;gj;jp

Nke;jiyapd; tpfpjk;.

,wf;Fkjpfs; Kd; te;jit Kd; nry;Yk; mbg;gilapy;

45

nfhs;tdTf; fpuaj;jpy;

Vida KbTg;

nghUl;fs;

ruhrhp epWj;jy; mbg;gilapy; nfhs;tdTf;

fpuaj;jpy;

EfHTg; nghWl;fSk;

cjphpg; ghfq;fSk;

ruhrhp epWj;jy; mbg;gilapy; nfhs;tdTf;

fpuaj;jpy;

topapy; cs;s

ruf;Ffs; (,lj;jpw;F

mika)

nfhs;tstpy;

toikahd tpahghu epfo;tpy; kjpg;gplg;gl;l tpw;gid tpiyapy; ,Ue;J

g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;fhd kjpg;gPl;Lf; fpuak; kw;Wk; tpw;gidia

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mtrpakhd kjpg;gPl;Lf; fpuaq;fis fopj;jjd; gpd;dh;

cs;sitNa Njwpa iff;nfl;ba ngWkjp MFk;.

2.3.4 tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngw Ntz;baitfs;

mwtpl Kbahj kw;Wk; Iaj;jpw;fplkhd ngw Ntz;batw;wpw;fhd

gbg;gzq;fspd; Njwpatw;wpy; iff;nfl;Ltjw;F kjpg;gplg;gl;l

njhifapy; tpahghug; ngwNtz;baitfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

Vida ngw Ntz;baitfSk; mf;fiwAs;s jug;gpdh;fsplk;

,Ue;jhd epYitfSk; mwtpl Kbahj kw;Wk; Iaj;jpw;fplkhd

ngw Ntz;baitfSf;fhd gbg;gzq;fs; fopf;fg;gl;l fpuaj;jpy;

,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3.5 fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkkhdit

ifapy; cs;s fhR> Nfs;tp itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; FWq;fhy cah;

jput KjyPLfs;> cldbahf fhrhf khw;wg;glf; $baitahf

njhpe;j kw;Wk; ngWkjp khw;wj;jpy; Kf;fpakw;w ,lUf;F

cs;shditNa fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkkhditahFk;.

46

fhRg;gha;r;ry; $w;wpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf> fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr;

rkkhditfs; ifapy; cs;s fhR kw;Wk; tq;fpapy; cs;s

itg;Gfs;> tq;fp Nkyjpf gw;Wf;fspd; Njwpa epYitfis

cs;slf;Fk;. FWfpa Kjph;Tf; fhyk; mjhtJ %d;W khjq;fs;

my;yJ nfhs;tdT jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J FiwthditAk; fhRf;Fr;

rkkhditahff; fUjg;gLk;.

2.3.6 Mjdk;> nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzk;

nghwpj; njhFjpAk; cgfuzq;fSk; fpuaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L

ehshe;j Nritf; fpuaj;ijj; jtph;j;J jpuz;l ngWkhdj; Nja;T

kw;Wk; jpuz;l gOJwg;gl;l ngWkjp fopf;fg;gl;L

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa fpuak; nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk;

cjphpg;ghfq;fspd; cjphpg;ghfg; ghpkhw;wy; fpuak; Vw;gLifapy;

,dq;fhzg;glf; $bajhf ,Uf;ifapy; mtw;iwAk;

cs;slf;fpd;wJ.

fhzp> fl;blq;fshtd fl;blf; fpuaj;jpd; kPjhd ngWkhdj;Nja;T

fopf;fg;gl;L mstplg;gLfpd;wd.

xt;nthU ghhpa Muha;r;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLifapy; nghwpj;

njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; ghpkhw;wkhf ,dq;fhzg;gLk;

fhuzpfspd; Njitg;ghL g+h;j;jpnra;ag;gLifapy; mit nfhz;L

nry;yy; fpuaj;jpy;,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

nrhj;njhd;W ifjtph;g;G my;yJ mjd; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l vjph;fhy

nghUshjhu eyd;fs; ,y;yhj NghJ mit kPs

fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwd. nrhj;Jf;fspd; kPs; fUj;jpw;nfhs;syhy;

Vw;gLk; VNjDk; ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; (nrhj;Jf;fspy; ngWkjp

ifjtph;g;gpyhd Njwpa eyd;fSf;F ,ilapyhd NtWghLfspy;

fzpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd) kPs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs;

Mz;bd; tUkhdf; $w;wpy; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

nrhj;Jf;fspd; Njwpa ngWkjpfs;> gaDs;s MAl;fhyk; kw;Wk;

ngWkhdj;Nja;T Kiwikfs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L Njitg;ghl;bd;

xt;nthU epjpahz;bd; ,WjpapYk; rPuhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

47

2.3.7 KjyPLfs;

(m) mbg;gil mq;fPfhuk;

KjyPl;Lf; fpuak; nfhs;tdTf; fpuak; kw;Wk; juFf; fl;lzq;fs;>

fl;lzq;fs;> jPh;itfs; kw;Wk; tq;fp rPuhf;fw; fl;lzq;fs; Nghd;w

nfhs;tdTf; fpuaq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sd. $l;Lj;jhgdk;

Ie;njhifapy; eilKiw kw;Wk; eilKiwaw;w KjyPl;il

fz;Lgpbj;J rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(M) mstPL

(i) eilKiw KjyPL

eilKiw KjyPl;Lf; fpuak; kw;Wk; re;ijg; ngWkjp

,tw;wpy; Fiwthdjpy; ruhrhp fzpg;Gg; gl;baypd;

mbg;gilapy; eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

(ii) ePz;l fhy KjyPLfs;

ePz;l fhy KjyPLfs; fpuaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd.

mtw;wpy; njhiffs; jdpahf xt;nthU KjyPl;bw;fhd

jw;fhyf eph;zak; jtph;e;j Xh; tPo;r;rpia

,dq;fhz;gjw;fhff; Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpd;

njhiffspd; jw;fhypf tPo;r;rp jtph;e;j ,f; Fwpg;Gfs;

tUkhdf; $w;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

(iii) Jizf;fk;gdpfspd; KjyPLfs;

Jizf;fk;gdpfspyhd KjyPLfs; fpuaj;jpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

(iv) KjyPLfspd; ifjtph;g;G

Xh; KjyPl;bd; ifjtph;g;gpd; NghJ> Njwpa

iftjtph;g;Gf;fspw;Fk; eyd;fspw;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWgLk;

48

njhiffSk; nfhz;L nry;Yk; njhif nrytpdkhfTk;

,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

2.3.8 Vw;ghLfs;

,lk;ngw;w epfo;tpd; tpisthf (rl;l my;yJ Mf;fj;jpwd;)

jw;Nghija flg;ghl;il $l;Lj;jhgdk; nfhz;Ls;s NghJ

flg;ghl;Lj; njhif njhlh;ghf Xh; ek;gfukhd kjpg;gPl;ilAk;

flg;ghl;il jPh;g;gjw;F mtrpakhd nghUshjhu eyd;fisAk;

%yts ntspr; nry;yYf;fhd tha;g;G Nrh;ifapy; Vw;ghLfs;

,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Xh; fk;gdpahdJ rpy Vw;ghLfisNah

my;yJ rfytw;iwANkh kPsspf;ifapy;> mk; kPsspg;ghdJ

cz;ikay;yhjjhf cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLifapy; khj;jpuk; Ntwhd Xh;

nrhj;jhf ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ve;jtpjkhd Vw;ghLfs; njhlh;ghd nrytpdq;fSk; vNjDk;

kPsspg;gpd; Njwpa ngWkjpapNyNa tUkhdf;$w;wpy;

cs;slf;fg;gLk;. gzg; ngWkjpapd; jhf;fk; nghUz;ikahapd;>

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l vjph; tUk; fhRg;gha;r;ry;fs; foptpw;F cl;gl;L

gzg;ngWkjp Neuj;jpy; eilKiwr; re;ijapy; epyTk; kjpg;gPLfs;

ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; thpf;F Ke;jpa tpfpjj;jpYk; chpj;jhd NghJ

nghWg;ghfTk; ,lh;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. fopg;gdT

gad;gLj;jg;gLifapy; Neu nrytPl;bd; fhuzj;jpdhy; Vw;ghl;by;

Vw;gLk; mjpfhpg;G tl;br; nrytpdkhf ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

2.3.9 Xa;t+jpa eyd; flg;ghLfs;

(m) tpsf;fg;gl;l eyd; jpl;lk; - gzpf;nfhil

gzpf;nfhilahdJ XH tpsf;fg;gl;l eyd; jpl;lkhFk;. chpa

rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; gzpf;nfhilia $l;Lj;jhgdk; nrYj;Jtjw;Fg;

nghWg;GilajhFk;. ,g; nghWg;gpid vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhf>

Nritapd; Kjy; tUlj;jpy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpj;J> flik GhpAk;

49

xt;nthU Mz;bw;Fkhf rfy Copah;fspdJk; epjp Mz;bd; ,Wjp

khjj;jpd; khjhe;j rk;gsj;jpd; miug;gq;ifrhHe;J fzpg;gplg;gLk;

njhiff;F rkdhd njhif Ie;njhifapy; Vw;ghlhf Kd;

nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; Kd; nfhz;L tug;gLk;

Vw;ghl;Lj; njhiff;Fk; VNjDk; nfhLg;gdTfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lij mLj;Js;s Njwpa njhiff;Fk; Mz;bd;

,Wjpapy; Kd; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; Vw;ghl;Lj; njhiff;Fk;

,ilapyhd NtWghLfs; tUkhdf; $w;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

gzpf;nfhilg; nghWg;ghdJ epjpaplg;glNth my;yJ cs;sgbahf

ngWkjpaplg;glNth ,y;iy.

(M) tpsf;fg;gl;l gq;fspg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs; - Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak;

kw;Wk; Copah; ek;gpf;if epjpak;

chpa rl;lq;fSf;Fk; gpukhzq;fSf;Fk; ,zq;Fk; tifapy;

Copah; Nrkyhg epjpag; gq;fspg;GfSf;Fk; Copah; ek;gpf;if

epjpag; gq;fspg;Gf;fSf;Fk; CopaHfs; chpj;Jilath;fshth;.

$l;Lj;jhgdk;> Copah;fspd; nkhj;j Cjpaj;jpy; KiwNa 15%

,idAk; 3% ,idAk; Copah; Nrkyhg epjpaj;jpypUe;Jk; Copah;

ek;gpf;if epjpaj;jpypUe;Jk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

2.3.10 %yjd xJf;fk;

murhq;fj;jpd; jpuz;l epjpaj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Fwpj;j

njhifAk; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

gpd;Dhpj;jhsHfspd; toq;fg;gl;l %yjdj;jpy; ,Ue;J cUthFk;

kPsikg;gpd; tpw;gid eyd;fspd; Njwpa ngWkjpAk; %yjd

xJf;fj;jpd; fPo; nryT itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3.11 fhg;GWjp xJf;fq;fs;

topg;Nghf;fpd; NghJ %d;whk; jug;gpdUld; fhg;GWjp

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhj ,wf;Fkjpfs; kPJ cs;sgbahd fhg;GWjpf;

50

fpuaj;jpw;F rkkhd Xh; njhif fhg;GWjp xJf;fPl;by; nryT

itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

2.3.13 tUkhd ,dq;fhzy;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F nghUshjhu eyid <l;lf;$ba mstpy;

,dq;fhzg;gl;l njhifAk; tUkhdj;ij re;Njfkpd;wp

mstplf;$ba mstpd; gb tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpahghuf; fopTfs; kw;Wk; tpw;gid thpfspd; Njwpa njhifapy;

ngw Ntz;ba my;yJ ngwg;gl;l gq;fspg;gpd; epahag; ngWkjpapy;

tUkhdk; mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. tUkhd ,dq;fhzy;

Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gpd;tUk; Fwpj;j Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

(m) nghUl;fspd; tpw;gid

nfhs;tdthsh;fSf;F toikahf nghUl;fs; mDg;gg;gLifapy;

nghUl;fspd; chpikapd; eyd;fSk; ghhpa ,lh;fSk;

nrd;wilifapy; tpw;gidapy; ,Ue;jhd tUkhdk;

,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

(M) tl;b

nrhj;Jf;fspd; mKypy; cs;s tl;b tPjk; fzf;fpw;F

vLf;fg;gLifapy; fhy tpfpjhrhu mbg;gilapy; tUkhdk;

,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

(,) gq;fpyhgq;fs;

nfhLg;gditg; ngWtjw;fhd chpj;ij gq;fhsh;fs;

cWjpg;gLj;jpaij mLj;J gq;fpyhgtUkhdq;fs; ,dq;fhzg;

gLfpd;wd.

(<) n`l;[pq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;

51

ngw;Nwhy; rhHe;j cw;gj;jpf;fhf n`l;[pq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;

njhlHghd ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; Ntwhd xU tplakhf

tUkhdf;$w;wpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

(c) thlif tUkhdk;

thlif tUkhdk; Fj;jif fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Neh;Nfhl;by;

fzf;fplg;gLfpd;wJ.

(C) Vidait

Vidait> tUkhd ml;LW mbg;gilapy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

2.3.13 $w;Wj; jfty;

$Wfspd; eltbf;iffs; nraw;ghl;bd; $W kPsha;tpy;

tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. %y tbtikg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; $Wfs;

eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd. %y tbtikg;ghdJ Efh;Nthh;fshy;

vjph;Nehf;fg;gl;l xj;j ,lh; kw;Wk; kPsy;fisf; nfhz;l cw;gj;jpg;

nghUl;fisr; rhh;e;J ,dq;fhzg;gl;l tpahghuf; $Wfis

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; r%fhPjpahd

eltbf;iffs; ,yq;iff;Fs;NsNa tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljdhy;

,uz;lhk; epiyf; $W ,q;F fhz;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;G ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;

2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;L

1. tUkhdk;; 2008 2007 ---------- ----------- cs;Sh; tpw;gidfs; msT kjpg;G msT kjpg;G kp.yPw;; &.kpy; kp.yPw;; &.kpy; 90 xf;Nud; ngw;Nwhy; 477.548 62,778.103 474.673 43,967.826

95 xf;Nud; ngw;Nwhy; 26.618 3,655.623 27.380 2,611.795

52

Bry; 1,620.849 151,070.451 1,713.540 113,737.174

Rg;gh; Bry; 8.495 885.249 6.410 467.764

kz;nzz;nza; 192.596 14,000.051 214.451 12,459.330

#is vz;nza; 1,048.919 66,220.151 1,039.112 43,941.105

fWg;G vz;nza; tbg;G 206.406 15,255.831 141.382 5,675.573

tpkhd vhpnghUs; 0.231 62.761 0.217 51.021

tpkhd Nlh;igd; vhpnghUs; 239.296 21,755.668 251.549 16,253.594

Vidait 105.886 9,412.025 93.924 5,914.513

nkhj;j cs;ehl;L tpw;gidfs; 3,926.844 345,095.913 3,962.638 245,079.695

Vw;Wkjpfs;/ Nehpy; Vw;Wkjpfs;

tpkhd Nlh;igd; vhpnghUs; 122.656 11,262.986 129.523 8,264.684

fg;gy; eltbf;iffSf;fhd

vz;nza; 25.097 1,643.217 - -

147.753 12,906.203 129.523 8,264.684

nkhj;j tpw;gidfs; 358,002.116 253,344.379

fop : tpw;gidg; Gus;T kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp

(16,331.787) (14,980.018)

341,670.329 238,364.361

53


2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhd epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;G

tifg;gLj;jy; jfty;fSk; tUkhdKk;

gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; EfHNthUf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l Nritapd; rhHg;gpy;

tUkhdk;> tpw;gidf; fpuak; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;j ,yhgk; vd;gd

tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

2008 2007

gad;ghl;L tif tpw;gidg;

ngWkjp

&gh kpy;

tpw;gidf;

fpuak;

&gh kpy;.

tpahghu

,yhgk;

&gh kpy;

tpw;gidg;

ngWkjp

&gh kpy;

tpw;gidf;

fpuak;

&gh kpy;.

tpahghu

,yhgk;

&gh kpy;

Nghf;Ftuj;J 1,80,710.894 (1,69,338.45) 11,372.449 112,949.719 (102,287.581) 10,662.138

1,80,710.894 (1,69,338.445) 11,372.449 112,949.719 (102,287.581) 10,662.138

rf;jp cUthf;fk; 97,501.49 (97,133.65) 367.838 65,236.585 (64,482.642) 753.943

97,501.49 (97,133.65) 367.838 65,236.585 (64,482.642) 753.943

thd;

gazj;jpw;fhdit 31,629.713 (34,948.506) (3,318.793) 24,569.477 (22,787.521) 1,781.956

31,629.713 (34,948.506) (3,318.793) 24,569.477 (22,787.521) 1,781.956

Vidait

31,828.231 (37,093.115) (5,264.884) 35,608.580 (32,272.461)

3,336.119

31,828.231 (37,093.115) (5,264.884) 35,608.580 -32,272.46 3,336.119

tUkhdf; $w;wpd;

gpufhuk; nkhj;j

,yhgk; 341,670.329 (338,513.719) 3,156.610 238,364.361 (221,830.205) 16,534.156

54

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ

2. Vida nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

gq;fpyhg tUkhdk; 0.111 437.500

xg;ge;jf;fhuHfsplk; ,Ue;J mwtplg;gl;l jz;lg;gzk; 7.858 169.157

rpy;yiw tUkhdk; 184.812 95.284

thlif tUkhdk; 12.583 11.731

vz;nza;g;; nghUl;fs; tpw;gidapyhdjuFg;gzk; 31.129 44.403

236.493 758.075

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

3. epjpf; fpuak; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;

3.1 epjpf; fpuak;

ePz;lfhyf; fld;fs; kPjhd tl;b 135.588 2,954.092

ntspehl;L cz;bay;fSf;fhd tl;bAk; Vida

tq;fpf; fld;fSk;

3,027.616 15.267

3,163.204 3,104.359

3.2 epjp tUkhdk;

jpiwNrhp cz;bay; tl;b tUkhdk; 484.615 785.728

tjpNthUf;fhd ntspehl;L ehzaf;fzf;F

kPjhd tl;b tUkhdk;

170.111 168.342

fld; gl;bay; kPjhd tl;b 179.521 77.100

834.247 1,031.170

55

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2008 jpnrk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ

4. Mz;bw;fhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;)

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

tpw;gidf; fpuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

Njwpa iff;nfl;Lk; ngWkjpf;F Fiwj;njOjg;gl;l

,Ug;Gfs;

6,553.910 797.684

ngWkhdj;Nja;T – Miy 153.261 159.428

ehza ghpkhw;w NtWghL ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) 2,661.474 (189.663)

epHthfr; nrytpdq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

gpd;tUgtw;iw cs;slf;fpa CopaH eyd;fs;

- gzpf;nfhil 47.226 48.999

- C.Nr.ep. kw;Wk; C. e.ep. 192.719 185.882

ePz;l fhy KjyPLfspd; ngWkjpapyhd khw;wq;fs; 5.000 6.250

ghpkhw;W NtWghLfs; - (,yhgk;)/ el;lk; 1,004.824 (743.215)

Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd;

ifjtpHg;gpd; kPjhd ,yhgk;

1.908 9.216

Vw;ghLfspd; kPl;G 11.196 -

fzf;fha;thsHfspd; Cjpak; 2.368 1.500

ngWkhdj;Nja;T – jiyik mYtyfk; 213.495 164.185

= yq;fh Rkpj;tNahtpw;fhd ed;nfhil 0.621 0.551

56

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ 5.tUkhdthp

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

Mz;bw;fhd toikahd eltbf;iffs; kPjhd eilKiw thpr; nryTfs; 158.625 821.616

r%f nghWg;G thptpjpg;G 3.484 11.170

Kd;ida Mz;Lfs; njhlHghd eilKiw

thpfspd; kPjhd Fiw/ (kpif) Vw;ghL 55.381 -

217.490 832.786

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thp mwtPL - 289.058

217.490 1,121.844

5.1 eilKiw thp nrytpdj;jpw;Fk; fzf;fPl;L ,yhg

cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd fzf;fpzf;fk;

thpf;F Kd;duhd fzf;fPl;L ,yhgk;/(el;lk;) (14,735.028) 3,973.611

$l;Lnkhj;jkhd mDkjpf;fg;glhj nghUl;fs; 499.557 434.404

$l;Lnkhj;jkhd mDkjpf;fgl;l nryTfs; (1,111.513) (1,702.506)

thpf;F cl;glhj tUkhd /(el;;lk;) rPuhf;fk; 15,372.044 -

- 2,705.509

Vida tUkhd topfs; - tl;b tUkhdk; 664.137 905.989

fop : Kd;nfhz;L tug;gl;l thp el;lq;fspd;

gad;ghL (232.442) (1,264.024)

thp tpjpf;fg;glf;$ba ,yhgq;fs; 431.695 2,347.474

57


2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

nraw;ghLfspypUe;jhd ,yhgj;jpd; kPjhd thp

nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk; - 504.520

tUkhdj;jpd; Vida tsq;fs; - tl;b tUkhdk; 151.093 317.096

tUkhd thpr; nrytpdq;fs; 151.093 821.616

tUkhd thpr; nrytpdq;fs; (Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ) 158.625 -

nraw;ghl;L tUkhdj;jpw;F chpj;jhd thp tpfpjk;

r%f nghWg;G thp

35% 35% gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thp

25% 25%

tUkhd thp 1.5% 1%

r%f nghWg;G thp 214.006 821.616

3.484 11.170

217.490 832.786

(978.681) gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thp

2.812 - fle;j Mz;Lfs; njhlHghd eilKiw thpfspd; Vw;ghL

Fiw/ (kpif) 73.647 381.464 76.459 381.464

58


5.2 gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp (nrhj;Jf;fs;/ nghWg;G) kw;Wk; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fSf;F

chpj;jhd tUkhd thp

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

tUl Muk;gj;jpyhd kPjp

tUkhdj;jpypUe;J/ ,dhy; khw;wg;gl;lit (689.623) (978.681)

tUl ,Wjpapyhd kPjp 289.058

689.623 689.623

Ie;njhif

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpg; nghWg;G

thp Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd %yjd tpLnjhiffs; 989.460 989.460

989.460 989.460

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs; (189.478) (189.478)

tpsf;fg;gl;l eyd;jpl;lq;fs; (965.182) (965.182)

gad;gLj;jg;glhj thp ,og;Gfs; (524.424) (524.424)

Vida Vw;ghLfs; (1,679.084) (1,679.084)

Njwpa gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp (nrhj;Jf;fs;)/ nghWg;G (689.623) (689.623)

59

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;


6. Mjdq;fs;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzk;

fpuak; fhzp kw;Wk;

fl;blq;fs;

Mjdk;

,ae;jpu nghwpj;njhFjp& cgfuzq;fs;

v];gPvk;trjp Nkhl;lhH thfdq;f

s;

js/ nghUj;jpfs;mY.cgf

uz. Vida.nrhj;Jf;fs;

nkhj;jk;

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;


1,186.254 1.016 4,604.203 2,141.322 326.285 316.639 8,575.719

NrHkjpfs; 186.297

-

205.205 1.100 49.247 26.279 468.128

ifjtpHg;Gfs; -

-

(15.363) -

(2.88)

- (18.241)

rPuhf;fq;fs;

(18.504)

-

0.149 -

0.243

- (18.112)


1,354.047 1.016 4,794.194 2,142.422 372.897 342.918 9,007.494

ngWkhdj;Nja;T


154.057 0.328 2,327.241 1,228.196 253.504 277.337 4,240.663

Mz;bw;fhd mwtPLfs;

19.607 0.010 279.249 31.219 15.751 20.920 366.756

ifjtpHg;Gfs; (0.034) -

(1.324) - (2.878) - (4.236)

rPuhf;fq;fs; -

-

- - -


173.630 0.338 2,605.166 1,259.415 266.377 298.257 4,603.183

2008.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd Njwpa Gj;jfg; ngWkjp

1,180.417 0.678 2,189.028 883.007 106.520 44.661 4,404.311

60

2007

fpuak; fhzp kw;Wk;

fl;blq;fs;

rl;l chpikAs;s nrhj;J

,ae;jpu nghwpj;

njhFjp & cgfuzq;fs;

v];gPvk;trjp Nkhl;lhH thfdq;fs;

js/ nghUj;jpfs; mY.cgfuz.

Vida .nrhj;Jf;fs;

nkhj;jk;

&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;

2007.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd fpuak;

1,186.254 1.016 4,604.203 2,141.322 326.285 316.639 8,575.719

2007.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd jpuz;l ngW. Nja;. 154.057 0.328 2,327.241 1,228.196 253.504 277.337 4,240.663

2007.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd Njwpa Gj;jfg; ngWkjp; 1,032.197 0.688 2,276.962 913.126 72.781 39.302 4,335.056

6.2 eilKiwapy; cs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; %yjdr; nraw;jpl;lk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

fl;blq;fs; 144.447 24.964

nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; 8.043 7.545

fsQ;rpa trjp 14.929 5.392

epug;G epiyaq;fspd; kPsikg;G

49.807

- Vidait

2.531 1.692 219.757 39.593

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

6.3 Njwpa Gj;jfg; ngWkjpfs;

Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; 4,404.311 4,335.056

nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; %yjdr; nraw;jpl;lk;; 219.757 39.593

4,624.068 4,374.649

61

6.4

nrhj;Jf;fspd; toikahd tho;f;iff;fhyk;

gpd;tUkhW kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

Fhzp ,y;iy ,y;iy

fl;blq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;

Miyj; jhq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Foha;fs; 40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;

Miy ,ae;jpu nghwpj;njhFjp 10 tUlq;fs; 10 tUlq;fs;

Vidait ,lq;fspy; cs;s jhq;fpfs; 40 my;yJ 20 tUlq;fs;

40 my;yJ 20 tUlq;fs;

Vidait ,lq;fspy; cs;s Foha;fs; 10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;

10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;

,ae;jpu nghwpj;njhFjp 10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;

10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;

ngs]HfSk; jhq;fp nyhwpfSk; 5 tUlq;fs; 5 tUlq;fs;

thd;fSk; Nfhr;rpfSk; 4 tUlq;fs; 4 tUlq;fs;

jsghlg; nghUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Vida

cgfuzq;fs; 1998.12.31 tiu Kw;whf Kw;whf

jsghlg; nghUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Vida

cgfuzq;fs; 1999.12.31 tiu 3 tUlq;fs; 3 tUlq;fs;

v];gPvk; trjp - jhq;fpg; gz;iz 40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;

- Foha;fs; 20 tUlq;fs; 20 tUlq;fs;

- kpjit 10 tUlq;fs; 10 tUlq;fs;

62


epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;


7. KjyPLfs;

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;

fpuak; gzpg;ghsHf

spd;

ngWkjp

fpuak; gzpg;ghsHfsp

d; ngWkjp

7.1 eilKiway;yhjit

m) $l;Lf; fk;gdpapy; KjyPL tpiy

$wg;glhjJ

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypak;

];NlhNwI; NlHkpdy;]; ypkpll;*

2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00

2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00

M)

Vida KjyPLfs;

2008 2007


fpuak; gzpg;ghsHfspd;

ngWkjp

fpuak; gzpg;ghsHfspd; ngWkjp

yq;fh rpnkd;w; ypkpll; 50.500 31.250 50.500 36.250

xt;nthd;Wk; &gh 10

ngWkjpahd (KOikahf gzk;

nrYj;jg;gl;l) 5>000>000 rhjhuz

gq;Ffs;

fop:

ngWkjp Fiwtpw;fhd

tpLnjhiffs;

(19.250) - (14.250) -

tpiy $wg;glhjit 31.250 31.250 36.250 36.250

63

Nfhug;glhjit

2008 2007


fpuak; gzpg;ghsH

fspd;

ngWkjp

fpuak; gzpg;gh

sHfspd;

ngWkjp

mN;]h]pNal; epA];Ngg;gh;]; Xt;

rpNyhd; ypkpll;

xt;nthd;Wk; &gh 10 ngWkjpahd

KOikahf gzk; nrYj;jg;gl;l61206

rhjhuz gq;Ffs;

0.539 0.539 0.539 0.539

yq;fh Nyd;l; ypkpll;

xt;nthd;Wk; &gh 10 ngWkjpahd

KOikahf gzk; nrYj;jg;gl;l

100rhjhuz gq;Ffs;

0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

rh;tNjr $l;L/ ngw;Nwhypak;

mNrh]pNa\d;

xt;nthd;WkA+.v];.nlhyh; 100

ngWkjpahd KOikahf gzk;

nrYj;jg;gl;l5499 gq;Ffs; If;fpa

mnkhpf;fhtpy; $l;bizf;fg;gl;lJ.

5.086 5.086 5.086 5.086

5.626 5.626 5.626 5.626

7.2

eilKiw

epiyahd itg;Gf;fspy; KjyPLfs; 5.000 5.000

5.000 5.000

nkhj;jk; 41.876 46.876


64



8. tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs;

2008 2007


xU tUlj;jpw;Fs; xU

tUlj;jpw;Fg;

gpd;

xU

tUlj;jpw;Fs;

xU

tUlj;jpw;F

g; gpd;

tpahghu ngwNtz;baitfs; 64,228.814 31,843.653 -

Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; 1,564.897 3,758.950 1,960.159 4,342.894 itg;Gf;fs; 10.317 30.031 14.066 24.735 Kw;gzk; 395.106 - 15.326

- Kw;nfhLg;gdTfs; 407.167 - 75.218

- fld;fs; kw;Wk; Copah;fSf;fhd

Kw;gzk;;

356.068 999.352 328.476 720.174

66,962.369 4,788.333 34,236.898 5,087.803

Vida ngwNtz;baitfspy; CPSTL ,w;F khw;wg;gl;l ePz;lfhy fld; njhiff;Fr;

rkdhd &gh 4>286 kpy;ypaDk; 1999 Mk; Mz;by; tUkhdthp Kw;gzkhf

nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;j &gh 376 kpy;ypad; njhifAk; cs;slq;fpapUe;jd.

tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; kw;Wk; fld;fs; kw;Wk; CopaHfSf;fhd

Kw;gzq;fs; mwtplKbahj kw;Wk; Iaf;fld;fSf;fhd Vw;ghl;Lj; njhifahd

KiwNa &gh 429 kpy;. (2007 ,d; &gh 445 kpy;) kw;Wk; &gh 0.17 kpy; (2007 ,d; &gh

0.224 kpy;) rhl;lg;gl;lij mLj;Js;s njhifahFk;.


65



9. ,Ug;Gf;fSk; eilKiw NtiyfSk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

#is vz;nza; 6,565.150 14,580.380

Vida %yg; nghUl;fs; 540.994 908.168

KbTg; nghUl;fs; 23,422.707 23,611.624

Vida nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; toq;fy;fs; 1,266.287 1,368.797

fop: efh;tpy;yhj nghUl;fSf;fhd Vw;ghL (257.643) (275.824)

31,537.495 40,193.145

9.1 &gh 6>553.910 kpy;ypad; 2008.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd ,Ug;Gfspd; Njwpa

iff;nfl;Lk; ngWkjpapd; Fiwj;njOjpa ngWkjpahf ( 2007 - &gh

797.684 kpy;) rPuhf;fg;gl;lJ.

10. fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfSk;

&gh kpy;ypad; 2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

fhR kw;Wk; tq;fp kPjpfs; 8,194.432 9,204.471

jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; 1,050.000 1,540.000

9,244.432 10,744.471



66


11. gq;fPl;L %yjdk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

1961 ,d; 28 Mk; ,yf;f mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 23(1) Mk;

gphptpd; gpufhukhd Muk;gg; gq;fspg;G 10.000 10.000

1964 ,d; 23 Mk; ,yf;f xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpdhy;

thf;fspf;fg;gl;lJ 4.000 4.000

1967 ,d; 15 Mk; ,yf;f xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpdhy;

thf;fspf;fg;gl;lJ 20.000 20.000

1976 ,d; %yjdg; gq;fspg;G 60.000 60.000

1979 ,d; %yjdg; gq;fspg;G 13.110 13.110

1980 ,d; %yjdg; gq;fspg;G 10.710 10.710

,yq;if murpdhy; gq;fspg;G nra;j nkhj;j njhif 117.820 117.820

1987 ,y; nghJ xJf;fj;jpypUe;J khw;wg;gl;lit 750.000 750.000

1987 ,y; epWj;jp itj;j ,yhgj;jpypUe;J khw;wpaJ 132.180 132.180

1,000.000 1,000.000

(ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l %yjdk; epHzapf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy)

12. %yjd xJf;fk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

[dthp 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 4,992.686 4,992.686

brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 4,992.686 4,992.686

* 2003 ,y; CPSTL ,w;F khw;wg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs; Gj;jfg; ngWkjpapNyNa

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jd. gpd;dh;> jdpahh;kakhf;fg;gLifapy;

,zq;fpf;nfhz;l eilKiwapy; Nkw;Fwpj;j nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd;

ngWkjp gjpag;gLtjw;F jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j nfhLf;fy;

67

thq;fy;fspd; jhf;fk; Njwpa kPsikg;G tpw;gid tUkhdj;jpd; fPo;

rPuhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

13. kPs;kjpg;gPl;L xJf;fk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

[dthp 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 25.696 25.696

brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 25.696 25.696

14. fhg;GWjp xJf;fk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.


,yhg el;lf; fzf;fpw;F rhl;lg;gl;lJ 44.735 20.991

brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 567.814 523.079

68




15. Xa;T fhy ed;ik flg;ghLfs;

&gha; kpy;ypad; 2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.


fop : Mz;bd; NghJ Nkw;nfh;sg;gl;l nfhLg;gdTfs; 22.051 21.981

504.459 477.510

$l;Lf : Mz;bw;fhd mwtPLfs; 47.226 48.999

551.685 526.510

$l;Lf : rPdd;Flh Copah;fSf;fhd eyd;fs; 14.857 14.857

2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 566.542 541.367

16. tl;bia nfhz;Ls;s fld;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bait

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

16.1 CPSIL ,w;F xJf;fg;gl;lhj ePz;l fhyf; fld;fs;

jpiwNrhp (Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp) fld;fs; - (tUlhe;j

tl;b 14.0%)&gh 37.977 kpy; ehw;gJ,uz;L jlitfs;

tUlhe;j jtizg; gzj;jpy; kPsr; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba

xt;nthd;Wk; a+iy 01 ,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ

873.533 949.492

69

,e;jpa top fld; (tl;b LIBOR + 0.5 tUlhe;jk;)

xt;nthd;Wk; Nk 06 ,y; Muk;gpf;Fk; &.1>228.030 kpy;

gd;dpnuz;L miu tUlhe;j fl;Lg;gzk; nrYj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

6,319.818 8,492.270

16.2 CPSIL ,w;F xJf;fg;gl;l ePz;l fhyf; fld;fs;

jpiwNrhp (Exim Bank) fld; -tUlhe;j fld; tl;b 12.0%)

,Wjpf;; fld; kjpg;gpd; 24 rk tUlhe;j jtizg; gzj;jpd; 2004 xf;Nlhghpy; kPs; nfhs;tdT Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

3,714.160 4,285.570

10,907.511 13,727.332

,.ngh.$.tpy; nghWg;G itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fspd; Kd;dhs; chpikahsh;fSf;F nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba el;l<l;Lf; nfhLg;gdT

0.902 0.902

10,908.413 13,728.234

16.3 2008 brk;gh; 31 Mk; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J Ie;J tUlq;fSf;Fs; kPs

nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fld;fs; tUkhwhFk;.

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

1-2 tUlq;fSf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jk; 3,175.297 3,073.732

3-5 tUlq;fSf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jk; 5,086.630 6,145.465

5 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jk; 2,645.584 4,508.135

10,907.511 13,727.332


70



17. th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfs;

2008 2007 &gh kpy;. &gh kpy;. nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba me;epa ehl;L tpiyg;gl;bay 56,144.839 19,309.880

Vida fld; nfhLj;jth;fs;

cs;ehl;L ,iwthp kw;Wk; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;fhd epYitj; njhif

1,426.941 920.789

ml;LW nrytpdq;fs; 239.734 1,140.945

kPsspf;fg;glf;$ba itg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Vidait 4,600.198 2,483.876

njhlHGgl;ltHfspf;F chpa epWitj; njhif 1,415.633 -

63,827.345 23,855.490

18. tl;b epiyapy; fld; ngWtdTfs; xU tUlj;Jf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl

Ntz;bait

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

tq;fp kw;Wk; Vida fld;fs;

xU tUlj;Jf;Fs; KOJk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;bait 3,175.297 3,097.528

tq;fp Nkyjpfg; gw;Wf;fs; 82.670 48.139

tq;fp jw;fhypff; fld; 2,162.510 -

FWq;fhy njhopw;gL %yjdf; fld;fs; 41,276.936 42,058.75

46,697.413 45,204.414

71




19. Copah;fs;

19.1 gjtpazpf; fpuak;

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

rk;gsk; kw;Wk; Ntjdq;fs;; 1,668.718 1,429.796

kpifa+jpaq;fs; 211.852 149.007

Nrkyhg kw;Wk; ek;gpf;if epjp gq;fspg;G 192.719 185.882

gzpf;nfhilf;fhd Vw;ghL 47.226 48.499

2,120.515 1,813.184

19.2 Copah;fspd; vz;zpf;if

eph;thfk; kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; 1,247 857

cw;gj;jp 990 929

ghJfhg;G 445 900

2,682 2,686

19.3 xg;ge;j kw;Wk; rkah rka Copah;fs; 150 245

72




20. %yjd nrytpdj;jpw;fhd flg;ghLfs;

2008 2007

&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.

mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l njhif

nrythd njhif 31.12.2008 tiu

vhpnghUs; ju Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa trjpfs; - Rj;jpfhpg;G 213.425 14.929

Rj;jpfhpg;G gpujhd ,ae;jpuj; njhFjp (rpWrpW jpUj;jq;fs;) 44.302 8.043

NtW %yjd nrytpdk; 25.000 2.531

jiik mYtyf Gjpa fl;bl epHkhzpg;G 810.000 144.447

vz;nza; epug;Gk; epiyaq;fspd; eph;khzk; 420.900 49.807

1,513.627 219.757

21. xg;;gPl;Lj; jfty;fs;

Kd;dH mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lthW 2007

-------------------------------------- &gh kpy;

(m) n`[pq; ,w;fhf tpw;gid

tUkhdq;fspd; fpuak;

106.669

(M) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j

Ntz;baitfs;

66,508.923

(,) FWq;fhy njhopw;gL %yjdk; 3,145.067

73

jw;Nghija mwpf;ifaply;

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

(m) epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPjhd ,yhgk;/

el;lk;

(1>321.572) 106.669

(M) FWq;fhy njhopw;gL %yjdf;

fld;fs;

46>697.413 45>204.414

(,) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j

Ntz;baitfs;

62.837.345 23>855.490

ntspg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tifg;gLj;jy; khw;wq;fSf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

(m) tpw;gidf; fpuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;l n`l;[pq; ,ypUe;jhd

tUtha;fs; khw;wg;gl;L tUkhdf; $w;wpy; rpwe;j

ntspg;gLj;jiyf; fhz;gpf;fj;jf;f tifapy; Ntwhd XH

tplakhff; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

(M) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfspd; fPo;

cs;slf;fg;gl;l FWq;fhy njhopw;gL %yjdf; fld;fs; kPs

tifg;gLj;jg;gl;L FWq;fhy njhopw;gL %yjdf; fld;fshf

rpwe;j ntspg;gLj;jiyf; fhz;gpf;fj;jf;f tifapy; Ntwhd XH

tplakhff; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

22. rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdHfsJ ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;

,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 1/3 gq;if nfhz;Ls;s $l;Lr;

Nrh; fk;gdp CPSTLMFk;. 2008 etk;gH 28 tiu ,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf;

$l;Lj;jhgdj; jiyth;/Kfhikj;Jtg;gzpg;ghsuhf jpU.m\e;jb nky;

,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdg; gzpg;ghah; jpU.nkj;rpwp

tpNIFzth;jdh MfpNahh; KiwNa CPSTLjiyth;/gpujhd epiwNtw;W

mjpfhhpahfTk; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; flik Ghpe;Js;sdh;. Kf;fpa

74

rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdHfspd; tpguq;fspd; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;

gpd;tUkhwhFk;.

75




22.1 rk;ge;jg;gl;l epWtfq;fSldhd nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ Mz;bd; NghJ

Jizf;fk;gdpahd tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa

njhFjp(CPSTL) cld; gpd;tUk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis

Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

Vg;uy; 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 3,346,453,219.44 3,882,171,057.74

ePz;l fhyf; fld; mwtPLfs; (637,572,108.81) (568,499,894.73)

Mz;bd; NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nke;jiy

kPs;epug;gy;fs;

(7,574,638,664.60) (7,472,264,201.07)

Mz;bd; NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nke;jiyfs; 7,888,705,990.94 7,505,046,257.50

ngwg;gl Ntz;ba Kw;gzq;fs; 4,738,870.80 -

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;lzq;fs; - CRN; nrYj;jg;gl

Ntz;baJ

(4,857,421.22)

khHr; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhdJ 3,022,829,886.55 3,346,453,219.44

22.2 jdpahs; el;l<l;L Kf;fpa Kfhikj;Jtk;

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

FWq;fhy CopaH eyd;fs; 1,481 1.639

76




22.3 2008 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd tpw;gidr; RUf;fk; - murhq;f epWtfq;fs;

njhlHG 2008 2007 &gh. kpy;. &gh. kpy;.

,yq;if tpkhdg;gil muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2,036.361 1,336.572

,yq;if ,uhZtk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2,869.617 1,609.852

,yq;if kpd;rhu rig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 36,585.231 25,808.036

,yq;if mur Gifapuj Nrit muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2,776.532 2,136.596

,yq;if Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 7,563.551 5,687.536

J}jufq;fs; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 16.539 12.355

itj;jparhiyfs; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 36.962 30.200

,yq;if flw;gil muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 5,193.942 3,298.290

caH ePjpkd;w fl;blj;njhFjp muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.726 0.496

,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;

muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.726 0.443

kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhurig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.726 0.000

fd cgfuz gapw;rp epiyak; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 9.501 8.000

kpd;gpb JiwKff; $l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 7.111 4.533

,yq;if Ruq;fk; kw;Wk; fdpats $l;Lj;jhgdk;


kf;fs; tq;fp muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 4.290 3.166

kfu rpiwr;rhiyfs; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2.794 1.828

ePh;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; - -

ntypf;fil rpiwr;rhiy muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 7.723 5.714

77

murhq;f njhopw;rhiy muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2.508 1.857

Vau;yq;fh Nfw;wwpq; Nritfs; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 51.744 44.607

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 9.108 6.901

,yq;if xypgug;Gf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 5.513 2.651

njq;F Muha;r;rp epWtfk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 6.072 3.677

Njapiy Muha;r;rp epWtfk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 11.723 7.231

,yq;if &gth`pdp $l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 11.814 7.674

RahjPd njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyg;gpd;dy;


khfhz rigfs; kw;Wk; gpuNjr rigfs;


tPjp mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fsk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 155.908 40.909

neLQ;rhiyfs; jpizf;fsk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 128.719 109.998

jghy; jpizf;fsk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 19.136 14.537

nfhOk;G JiwKf Mizf;FO muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 4.497 4.148

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 1.456 1.189

Mah;Ntj kUe;Jf;$l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 9.717 7.943

njhopy;El;g Nritfs; epWtfk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.120 0.267

mur kuf;$l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 39.867 23.542

,yq;if jfty; njhopy;El;g epWtfk;


fhzp rPh;jpUj;j rig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 30.992 25.422

,yq;if tq;fp muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.000 0.538

nghyp]; jpizf;fsk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 411.099 289.645

tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 446.409 125.603

mur nghwpapay; $l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2.112 6.291

,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhurig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 920.659 587.877

78

efu rigfs; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 470.156 373.962

= yq;fh nuypnfhk; murhq;fk; Kf;fpa gq;FjhuH 161.177 106.069

Njrpa ePH toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;Gr; rig


Njrpa fl;bl eph;khzk; kw;Wk; Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp mikr;R

muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs;

34.785 36.572

K`htyp nghwpapayhsh;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;l eph;khzk;


mur kue;jhf;fy; $l;Lj;jhgdk; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 11.583 7.299

nfhOk;G khtl;l fhzp rPh;jpUj;j mgptpUj;jp rig


Njrpa ,uj;j ghpkhw;W Nrit muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 1.254 0.443

Rfhjhu kw;Wk; Nghrhf;F mikr;R muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 66.761 42.097

khfynfhl gk;g n`s];/ epy;tyhfq;f jpl;lk;


ehdhtpjkhdit – murhq;ff;

fzf;F – nfhnyhd;dhit


Glitg; gapw;rp kw;Wk; Nritfs; epiyak;


,yq;if tq;fp Mjd mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt (jdpahH) tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ

muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs;

1.264

2.670

rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; n`hl;Nly; Kfhikj;Jtk;


,ae;jpu cgfuz mjpfhurig muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 2.334 0.608

,yq;if Njhy; cw;gj;jp muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.422 -

gpUj;jhdpa caH ];jhdpfuhyak; muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 0.563 -

= yq;fd; va;Hiyd;]; murhq;fk; Kf;fpa gq;FjhuH 19,502.677 14,419.629

kp`pd; yq;fh muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; 309.530 596.158

80,325.321 57,000.993

79

23. Ie;njhifj; jpfjpf;Fg; gpd;dH epfo;e;j epfo;Tfs;

VjhtJ rPuhf;fq;fs; my;yJ epjp mwpf;iffSf;Ff; fUj;J njhptpj;jy;

Nghd;wit mtrpakhdtifapy; Ie;njhifj; jpfjpf;Fg; gpd;dH rk;gtk;

VJk; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.

24. epfoj;jf;f nghWg;Gfs;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;Jf;F vjpuhf> vhpnghUs; fopT kw;Wk; tpahghhpfis

ePf;fpajhy; vOe;j jfuhWfs; kw;Wk; Copaj; jfuhWfs; Mfpatw;Wf;F

el;l<lhf nkhj;jk; 10.5 kpy;ypad; &ghitf; NfhUk; Ie;J ePjpkd;w

tof;Ffs;; jPHf;fg;glhj epiyapy;cs;sd.

fhNrhiyfs; kWf;fg;gl;likf;fhf Kd;dhs; tpahghhpfSf;F vjpuhf

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;Fr; rhHghd &gh 40.2 kpy;ypad;

&ghitf; NfhUk; 27ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs;; jPHf;fg;glhj epiyapy;cs;sd.

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thp

$l;Lj;jhgdk; xt;nthU kjpg;gPl;L Mz;bw;fhd thpf;Fhpa tUkhdj;ij

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thpia Vw;ghL nra;J

nrYj;jpapUe;jJ.

vt;thnwdpDk;> 2000 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f cs;ehl;L ,iw thp

mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpy; njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;buhikahy; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l

gq;fpyhg thpf; fzpg;gPl;L mbg;gilapy; Kuz;ghLfs; fhzg;gl;ld. ,g;

gpur;rid ,d;dKk; jPHf;fg;glhj epiyapy; Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

tprhuizf;fhf cs;sJ.

,jd; tpisthf 2007 Mk; 2006 Mk; Mz;bd; epajpr;rl;l tUkhdj;jpd;

mbg;gilapy; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thp kPjhd Nkyjpf Vw;ghLfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl cs;s ,Wjpj; jPPHg;gpd;

mbg;gilapy; ,k; Nkyjpf Vw;ghLfs; epfoj;jf;f nghWg;GfshtJld;

$l;Lj;jhgdk; ,U Mz;Lf; fzf;FfspYk; Vw;ghL nra;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

80

2008 2007

&gh kpy; &gh kpy;

epajpr;rl;l tUkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thpf;fhd Vw;ghL

174.314 902.874

thpf;Fhpa tUkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thpf;fhd Vw;ghL

73.647 381.464

gq;fpyhg thpf;fhd Nkyjpf epfoj;jf;f nghWg;G 100.667 521.410

gq;F xd;wpw;fhd ciog;Gfs;

XH epiyahd %yjd ciog;igf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghJ

$l;Lj;jhgdkhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,f;$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; eltbf;iffSf;F

gq;F xd;wpw;fhd ciog;igf; fzpg;gpl KbahJs;sJ.

81

gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G

gUkdhd nghUl;fspd; cs;Sh; tpw;gidfs;

&gh kpy;ypad; 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

(m) ngWkjp

ngw;Nwhy; 13,884.371 14,614.769 16,258.637 18,514.426 22,461.268 28,761.366 28,633.662 36,677.342 46,579.620 66,433.726

Xl;Nlh Bry; 21,074.774 35,674.876 48,472.452 52,668.931 52,084.773 74,520.990 78,104.774 92,474.65 113,737.174 151,070.451

Rgh;Bry; 924.466 1,342.637 1,904.453 1,902.580 1,698.721 1,711.525 725,285 349.805 467.764 885.249

kz;nzz;nz

a;; 3,259.600 4,432.654 5,512.753 5,938.386 5,683.438 7,775.135 11,430.279 13,209.914 12,459.330 14,000.051

#is

vz;nza; 4,002.276 6,932.905 11,836.009 15,126.837 16,238.84 20,135.716 30,165.885 36,421.645 43,941.105 66,220.151

nkhj;jk; 43,145.49 62,997.84 83,984.30 94,151.16 98,167.04 132,904.73 149,059.89 179,133.352 217,184.993 298,609.628

(M) njhif- Mapuk; nkl;wpf; njhd;fs;

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ngw;Nwhy; 212.900 224.400 249.500 286.100 337.900 350.300 334.100 367.600 382.100 383.747

Xl;Nlh Bry; 1,376.800 1,683.800 1,624.900 1,728.300 1,523.000 1,583.300 1,330.100 1,335.300 1,449.700 1,371.323

Rgh;Bry; 40.000 46.700 49.00 46.900 39.500 31.600 11.700 4.700 5.400 7.188

kz;nzz;nza; 243.300 229.100 227.800 228.800 184.600 171.800 178.000 196.600 168.500 151.308

#is

vz;nza;

557.500 736.700 748.800 757.600 648.300 771.700 972.800 911.100 985.200 994.545

nkhj;jk; 2,430.500 2,920.700 2,900.000 3,047.700 2,733.300 2,908.700 2,826.700 2,815.300 2,990.90 2,908.111

82

(,) ngw;Nwhypa nghUl;fspy; rpy;yiw tpw;gid tpiyfs;

(jpnrk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd xU yPl;lUf;F &ghtpy; nfhOk;G fs tpiy)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

RgHngw;Nwhy; 50.000 50.000 50.000 49.000 53.000 70.000 80.000 95.000 92.000 120.000

Xl;Nlh Bry; 132.200 24.500 26.500 30.000 32.000 44.000 50.000 92.000 60.000 70.000

RgBry; 18.500 18.500 29.800 31.800 35.300 49.300 55.300 65.300 65.3 85.300

kz;nzz;nza; 10.400 18.400 17.400 24.000 25.500 25.500 30.500 48.000 48.000 50.000

#is vz;nza;

-1000 nrf; 7.200 14.600 16.500 21.200 23.200 24.700 31.400 44.400 44.400 33.900

-1500 nrf; 6.800 14.000 15.800 20.700 22.300 24.300 30.300 43.300 43.300 31.700

-3500 nrf; 6.200 12.400 14.100 18.900 20.700 22.000 28.000 41.000 41.000 25.000

tUkhdk; kw;Wk; nryT

&ghkpy;ypad;fs; 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

thp fopj;j gpd;duhd nkhj;j tUkhdk;

44,499.000 63,159.000 74,351.000 80,114.000 85,900.000 121,540.000 161,852.000 196,767.000 238.364 341.670

KjyPl;by; ,Ue;J tUkhdk;

300.000 181.000 120.000 1118.000 162.000 - - - - -

tpw;gidf; fpuak; 41,196.000 70,688.000 62,734.000 67,211.000 75,471.000 106,750.000 144,501.000 187,231.000 221,724.000 338,514.000

ntl;Lf;FWf;F 3,303.000 -7,529.000 11,617.000 12,903.000 10,429.000 14,789.000 17,350.000 9,536.000 16,641.000 1,835.038

mrhjhuz tplaq;fs; - - - 2,530.000 - - - - - -

tl;b mlq;fyhf Ntiy kw;Wk; ];jhgd nrytpdq;fs;

3,634.000 8,714.000 10,178.000 6,765.000 5,715.000 10,344.000 7,510.000 7,621.000 12,657.000 16,570.000

jpiwNrhpf;F toq;fg;gl;l kz;nzz;nza; cjtp kw;Wk; NtW thpfs;

500.000 - - - - - - - - -

thpf;F Kd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;)

(531.000) (16,062.000) 1,559.000 9,786.000 4,874.000 4,445.000 9,840.000 (1,915.000) 3,984.000 (14,735.000)

83

gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G

&gh

kpy;ypad;fs;

1999 2000` 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

%yjd

mikg;G

<LgLj;jpa

%yjdk;

%yjdk; 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000

xJf;fq;fs;

(174.800)

(16,221.800) (15,039.400)

(8,589.100)

(2,253.800)

1,984.100

11,673.400 10,065.900 12,567.800 (2,416.400)

ePz;l jtizg;

nghWg;Gfs;

2,454.400 3,012.700 4,787.000 6,644.600 8,476.500 7,699.900 19,113.400 16,705 13,728.200 10,908.400

gzpf;nfhil

Vw;ghL

408.400 462.200 482.800 424.900 556.800 700.400 377.400 514.300 541.400 566.500

nkhj;jk; 3,688.000 (11,746.900) (8,769.600) (519.600) 7,779.500 11,384.400 32,164.200 28,285.400 27,837.400 10,058.500

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;

jpaJ

epiyahd

nrhj;Jf;fs;

eilKiwNtiy

cs;slq;fyhf

4,988.500 5,905.400 7,630.200 10,844.700 4,504.400 4,450.700 4,512.700 4,460.900 4,374.600 4,624.000

KjyPL 323.700 316.200 338.700 57.800 2,173.800 2,176.100 2,535.600 2,553.100 2,546.900 2,541.900

Njwpa

eilKiwr;

nrhj;Jf;fs;

(1,624.200) (17,968.500) (16,738.500) (11,422.100) (1,101.300) 4,757.600 25,115.900 21,271.500 20,915.900 2,892.600

nkhj;jk; 3,688.000 (11,746.900) (8,769.600) (519.600) 5,576.900 11,384.400 32,164.200 28,285.500 27,837.400 10,058.500

fhRg; gha;r;ry; $w;wpd; nghopg;G

84

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

nraw;ghl;L

eltbf;iffspy;

,Ue;jhd fhRg;

gha;r;ry;

(460.520) (13,920.000) 4,495.757 7,310.655 4,874.194 4,444.837 9,839.809 (1,915.029) 3,984.181 (14,735.028)

mrhjhuzkhd

tplaq;fs;

- - - 2,529.832 - - - - - -

fhR efh;T

rk;ge;jg;glhj

tplaq;fSf;fhd

rPuhf;fq;fs;

492.788 537.928 604.449 529.412 988.365 776.807 841.682 1,431.845 1,928.200 1,922.024

ciog;G %yjd

tplaq;fspyhd

khw;wq;fSf;F

Kd;duhd

nraw;ghl;L

,yhgk;/ (el;lk;)

32.268 (13,382.072) 5,100.206 10,369.899 5,862.559 5,221.644 10,681.491 (483.184) 5,912.381 (12,813.004)

njhopw;gL %yjdj;jpyhd khw;wq;fs;

,Ug;Gfspyhd

(mjpfhpg;G) / FiwT

(2,173.410) 3,367.729 1,845.314 (3,099.970) 1,844.676 (5,157.403) (4,066.365) (9,184.440) (13,321.526) 8,673.831

tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;ba itfspd;

(mjpfhpg;G) /

FiwT

(518.115) (197.361) (2,143.290) 711.285 (384.386) 789.614 (3,434.619) (2,852.640) (13,098.772) (32,409.849)

tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfspd;

(mjpfhpg;G) / FiwT

6,927.961

22,289.402 (3,215.520) (4,571.558) (1,792.170) 2,862.133 (1,838.767) 11,099.326 23,813.340 39,946.795

fop: gzpf;nfhil/ nrYj;jg;gl;l thp kw;Wk; tl;b

(3,361.053) (2,264.633) 3,250.230) (2,788.440) (617.268) (880.768) (2,072.717) (5,613.107) (3,268.480) (4,625.380)

85

nraw;ghl;L

eltbf;iffspy;

,Ue;jhdfhR

KjyPl;L eltbf;iffspy;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l fhR

907.591 3,077.607 (1,663.520) 621.216 4,913.411 2,835.220 (730.977) (7,034.045) 36.943 (1,227.607)

epjp eltbf;iffspy;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l fhR

(1,871.573) (1,217.353) (2,173.473) (1,899.240) (3,421.404) 246.165 317.925 662.033 1,165.988 40.605

epjp eltbf;iffspy;

,Ue;jhd

/(cgNahfpf;fg;gl;l) fhR

1,236.055 715.698 1,797.652 2,069.996 1,880.885 1,050.684 13,020.883 (2,478.143) (3,326.039) (1,001.410)

fhR kw;Wk; fhrpw;Fr;

rkdhditfspd; Njwpa

(FiwT)/mjpfhpg;G

272,073.000 2,575.952 (2,039.341) 791.972 3,372.892 4,132.069 12,607.831 (8,850.155) (2,123.108) (2,188.412)

Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy;

cs;s fhR kw;Wk;

fhrpw;Fr; rkdhditfs;

(779.796) (507.723) 2,068.229 28.888 820.860 4,193.752 8,325.821 20,933.652 12,083.497 9,960.389

Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; cs;s

fhR kw;Wk; fhrpw;Fr;

rkdhditfs;

(507.723) 2,068.229 28.888 820.860 4,193.752 8,325.821 20,938.652 12,083.497 9,960.389 7,771.977

gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G

ntspehl;Lg; gzg; ghpth;j;jid Cjpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfs;

86

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J

vhpnghUs;

tpw;gidfs;

ntspehl;L tpkhd

Nritfs; m.nlh.kpy;

24.50 40.90 31.10 32.40 48.30 57.00 77.42 84.54 75.28 104.75

Neub Vw;Wkjpfs;

m.nlh.kpy;

17.20 27.60 16.50 13.10 - 7.00 - 23.09

nkhj;j m.nlh.kpy; 41.70 68.50 47.60 45.50 48.30 64.00 77.42 107.63 75.28 104.75

&gh rkd; 3,017.40 5,545.90 3,561.50 3,977.70 350.80 6,458.50 7,159.01 8,714.05 8,264.68 11,262.99

,wf;Fkjpf; fpuak;

krF vz;nza;

m.nlh.kpy;

260.30 489.10 353.90 408.00 431.00 597.00 747.20 1,028.50 1,023.00 1,330.90

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l

vz;nza; m.nlh.kpy;

173.50 303.50 304.00 286.00 300.00 464.00 653.00 761.30 996.00 1,449.39

nkhj;j m.nlh.kpy; 433.80 792.60 657.90 694.00 731.00 1,061.00 1,400.20 1,789.80 2,019.00 2,780.30

ruhrhp krF (C&F)

tpiy mnk.nlh/Bbl

19.39 28.27 24.67 25.00 29.29 37.38 52.14 65.070 71.97 97.65

ruhrhp ghptj;jid

tpfpjk; 1 m.nlh.

=&gh

71.17 77.27 89.62 96.34 96.42 101.90 100.53 103.96 111.49 108.33

Vida Kfhikj;Jt jfty;fs;

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

87

th;j;jf

KbTfs;

tUkhdk; 51,516.40 75,865.80 95,103.19 105,001.92 111,389.49 135,351.98 174,554.976 211,012.846 253,344.379 358,002.116

thpf;Fg;

gpd;duhd

,yhgk;/ (el;;lk;)

(572.30) (16,062.10) 1,169.31 9,986.09 4,874.19 3,907.86 7,710.890 (946.220) 2,862.337 (14,952.518)

<LgLj;jpa

nrhj;;Jf;fs;

Mjd>

,ae;jpuj;njhFjp

kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fs;

3,370.60 5,905.50 7,630.24 10,844.72 4,504.43 4,450.67 4,512.448 4,460.920 4,374.649 4,624.068

Njwpa

eilKiwr;

nrhj;Jf;fs;

(1,624.20) (17,968.50) (16,738.53) (12,165.68) (6,785.13) (2,728.74) 17,763.403 14,519.333 15,138.460 (2,585.377)

nkhj;jk; 1,746.40 (12,063.00) (9,108.29) (1,320.96) (2,280.69) 1,721.93 22,275.851 18,980.253 19,513.109 2,038.691

<LgLj;jpa epjp

%yjdk; 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

xJf;fk; (174.80) (16,221.80) (15,039.42) (8,588.86) (2,253.79) 1,984.13 11,673.46 10,065.95 12,557.40 (2,416.40)

nkhj;jk; 825.20 (15,221.80) (14,039.42) (7,588.86) (1,253.79) 2,984.13 12,673.46 11,065.95 13,557.40 (1,416.40)

%yjdr;

nrytpdk;

(2,196.30) (1,408.97) (2,306.025) (4,001.34) (5,255.00) (255.00) (78.00) (255.00) (242.68) -

Copah;fspd;

ciog;G

Ntjdk; 1,271.60 1,538.07 1,620.89 1,496.24 1,461.01 1,201.36 986.43 1,221.59 1,429.80 1,668.72

kpifA+jpak; 1,140.00 122.59 125.80 112.88 186.67 101.93 84.74 129.69 149.01 211.85

jyh xU CopaUf;fhd tUlhe;j ruhrhp ciog;Gfs;

(&gh 000’)

343.58 227.55 243.51 224.86 759.30 531.53 419.41 461.19 538.66 664.04

Copah; vz;zpf;if

7,019 .00 7,298.00 7,173.00 7,156.00 2,170.00 2,452.00 2,540 .00 2,930.00 2,931.00 2,832.00

88

epjp tpfpjq;fs;

<LgLj;jpa

%yjdk; kPjhd

tUtha; tpfpjk;

9.83 - - - - 130.90 60.84 (15.77) 21.100 -

tUtha; Gus;T

tpfpjk;

(0.81) - 21.00 14.65 5.67 3.22 4.76 (0.87) 1.20 (4.38)

fld;gl;NlhH

Gus;T tpfpjk;

0.04 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.02

epiyahd

nrhj;Jf;fspd;

Gus;T

jlitfs;

8.92 10.69 9.78 7.39 19.07 27.31 35.87 44.45 53.43 78.01

KbTg; nghUs;

,Ug;G Gus;T

jlitfs;

0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.07

eilKiw

tpfpjk;

jlitfs;

0.88 0.46 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.92 1.48 1.33 1.22 0.98

jput tpfpjk;

jlitfs;

0.43 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.45 0.53 1.00 0.74 0.64 0.07

tl;bf; fhg;G

tpfpjk;

0.92 - 1.47 9.91 9.96 6.78 8.81 0.35 1.28 (4.07)

fzf;fha;thsHjiyikmjpgjpjpizf;fsk;

AUDITOR GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT

vdJ ,y

My No Vy;gP/B/rPgPrP/vg;V/08

ckJ ,y

Your No.

jpfjp

Date 2009 nrg;njk;gH 30

Date

89

jiytH


,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;;jpd; 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j

Mz;bd; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; kPJ 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd;

14 (2) (rP) gphptpd; gpufhuk; fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapd; mwpf;if

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;;jpd; 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j

Mz;bw;fhd epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; fzf;fha;T 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp

mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 13(1) Mk; gphpTld; Nrh;j;J thrpf;fg;gLk; ,yq;if [dehaf

Nrhryprf; FbauR murpayikg;gpd; 154 (1) Mk; cWg;Giuapd; Vw;ghLfSf;F

mika vdJ gzpg;gpd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,f; fzf;fha;it

Nkw;nfhs;ifapy; nghJj; njhopw;Jiwapy;<LgLk; XH gl;laf;

fzf;fhsHfspdhy; vdf;F cjtpaspf;fg;gl;lJ. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 14(2)(rP)

gphptpd; gpufhuk; epWtfj;jpd; Mz;lwpf;ifAld; gpuRhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd ehd;

fUJk; vdJ fUj;JiufSk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fSk; ,e;j mwpf;ifapy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 13 (7) (V) gphptpd; gpufhuk; tphpthd

mwpf;ifnahd;W 2009 A+d; 08 Mk; jpfjp $l;Lj;jhgdj; jiytUf;Fr;

rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1.2 epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; njhlHghd Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;; nghWg;Gfs;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

,e; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if fzf;fPl;l epakq;fSf;F ,zq;f

jahhpf;fg;gl;L epahakhf rkHg;gpf;fg;gLtJ Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;

nghWg;ghFk;. Nkhrb my;yJ jtWfspd; fhuzkhf Vw;glf;$ba Nghjpa

jtwhd $w;Wf;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLtJ

kw;Wk; epahakhfr; rkhg;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F chpa cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfis

jpl;lkply;> mKyhf;fy; kw;Wk; nraw;gLj;jy;> nghUj;jkhd fzf;fPl;Lf;

nfhs;iffisj; njhpT nra;J gpuNahfpj;jy;> re;jHg;gq;fSf;F cfe;j

tifapy; epahakhf fzf;fPl;L kjpg;gPLfisj; jahhpj;jYk; ,g;

nghWg;gpy; cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ.

Rje;jpurJf;fk;>

nfhOk;G 07> ,yq;if

INDEPENDENCE SQUARE,

COLOMBO 07, SRI LANKA

gf;]; ,y 2697451

Fax No.

njhiyNgrp 2691151

Telephone

Telephone.

<- nkapy; [email protected]

E-mail.

mailto:[email protected]

90

1.3 fzf;fha;tpd; Nehf;nfy;iy kw;Wk; mgpg;gpuhaj;jpw;fhd mbg;gil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----

vd;Dila fzf;fha;tpd; mbg;gilapy; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPJ

mgpg;gpuhak; njhptpg;gJ vdJ nghWg;ghFk;. ,t;twpf;ifapYs;s

fzf;fha;T mgpg;gpuhak;> fUj;Jiufs;> fhz;Gfs; vd;gd

fzf;fha;tpw;Fr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPsha;tpdJk;>

nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd; khjpupfspd; NghjpasT nrt;it ghu;j;jypdJk;

mbg;gilapy; vOe;jdNtahFk;. mt;thwhd kPsha;tpdJk;> nrt;it

ghu;j;jypdJk;> Nehf;nfy;iyAk; msTk; vdf;Ff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w

gjtpapdu;> Vida tsq;fs;> Neuk; vd;gtw;wpd; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L

,aYkhdsT tpupthdnjhU fzf;fha;T cs;slf;fj;ijf; nfhz;ljhff;

fhzg;gl;lJ. epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; nghUz;ikahd gpwo;$w;Wf;fs; mw;wit

vd;gjw;fhd cWjpg;ghl;ilg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy;

fzf;fha;thdJ ,yq;iff; fzf;fha;T epakq;fs;> Kiwfs;>

eilKiwfs; vd;gtw;wpw;fika Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ. epjpf;

$w;Wf;fspYs;s njhiffisAk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fisAk; Mjhug;gLj;;

jj;jf;f rhd;Wfisg; guprPypj;jy;> epjpf;$w;Wf;fisj; jahupj;jypy;

Kfhikj;Jtj;jhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffisAk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f kjpg;gPLfisAk; kjpg;gha;T nra;jy;> mtw;wpd; xl;L

nkhj;jkhd ntspg;gLj;jy;fspd; kjpg;gPL vd;gtw;wpidf; fzf;fha;T

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. vdJ fzf;fha;T Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mtrpakhdnjd

vdJ rpwe;j mwptpw;Fk; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; njd;gl;l rfy jfty;fisAk;

tpsf;fq;fisAk; ehd; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld; vd;Wk; vdJ mgpg;gpuhaj;jpw;F

epahakhd mbg;gilia vdJ fzf;fha;T toq;fpAs;snjd;Wk; ehd;

ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; 13 Mk;

gpuptpd; (3) kw;Wk; (4) Mk; cg gpupTfs; fzf;fha;tpd;

Nehf;nfy;iyiaAk; msitAk; epu;zapg;gjw;F fzf;fha;thsu;

jiyik mjpgjpf;F jw;WzpG mjpfhuj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd.

2 epjpf;$w;Wf;fs;

------------------------

2.1 mgpg;uhak;

-----------------

91

,e;j mwpf;ifapw; fhzg;gLk; vdJ fUj;Jiufs; kw;Wk;

mtjhdpg;Gf;fspd; Nehf;fpy;> fzf;fha;tpw;fhfr; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if

ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgj;jpd; 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j

Mz;bw;fhd epjpf; $w;Wf;fs; kPJ xU mgpg;uhaj;ijj; njuptpf;f

KbahJs;Nsd;.

2.2 epjpf; $w;Wf;fs; kPjhd fUj;Jiufs;

---------------------------------------------------------------------

2.2.1 ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs; (,.f.ep)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fSld; ,dq;fhj gpd;tUk; re;jh;g;gq;fs;

fzf;fha;tpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

(m) ,.f.ep. 18 Mjdk; nghwp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; ,y;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW> Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapy; epahakhd

ngWkjpiag; gad;gLj;jp jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J

nghUl;gLj;jf;$bastpy; nrhj;Jf;fspd; nfhz;Ls;s njhif

NtWgltpy;iy vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F $l;Lj;jhgdk;

mtw;iw kPs; kjpg;gPL nra;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

(M) ,izf; fk;dpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l &gh 2>500 kpy;ypadhd

KjyPL %yjd Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp fzf;fplg;gl;bUf;fhjJld;

,izf;fk;gdpapd; nrhj;Jf;fs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> tUkhdk; kw;Wk;

,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; vd;gd cl;gl nghopg;ghf;fg;gl;l epjpj;

jfty;fs; ,.f.ep.27 - ,izf;fk;gdpfspy; KjyPLfshy;

Ntz;lg;gl;lthW epjpf; $w;Wf;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(,) $l;Lj;jhgdk;> ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakk; 40 - KjyPl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fshy; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW> Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapy; cs;s

&gh 8 kpy;ypadhd KjyPl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fis Gwk;ghf

eph;zapj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

(<) ,;f.ep. 16 ,d; gpufhuk;> gzpf;nfhil Vw;ghl;il fzpg;gpLifapy;

gzpf;nfhil #j;jpu Kiw my;yJ Gs;sptpgu Kiw

gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk; Vw;ghLfis 1983

92

,d; 12 Mk; ,yf;f gzpf;nfhil nfhLg;gdT mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd;

gpufhuk; Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

(c) ,.f.ep. 41 nrhj;Jf;fspd; Nrjkhf;fyhy; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW

$l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ nrhj;Jf;fspw;fhf Nrjkhf;fw; Rl;bfis

,zq;fhd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd eilKiwfis

mKy;gLj;jpapUf;ftpy;iy. ,.f.ep. 41 cldhd ,e;j ,zq;fhik

fhuzkhf &gh 4>400 kpy;ypadhd Mjdk;> nghwp kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fspd; nfhz;Ls;s njhif mwtplf;$ba njhifAld;

xg;gplg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(C) thbf;ifahsupd; tFg;gpd; gb $l;Lj;jhgdj;Jldhd ngw;Nwhypa

th;j;jfj;jpd; ,lh; kw;Wk; ngWiffs; tpj;jpahrg;ggLfpd;wd.

vdNt ,.f.ep.28 gpuptpd; mwpf;ifapy; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW gpuptply;

gFg;gha;Tfs; tUkhdk;> tpw;gidf; fpuak; kw;Wk; nkhj;j ,yhgk;

vd;gtw;wpw;fhd thbf;ifahshpd; tFg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; gpuptply;

jfty;fs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> gphptplw; jfty;fs;

Ntz;lg;gl;lthW epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

2.2.2 fzf;fPl;Lf; FiwghLfs;

--------------------------------------------------

gpd;tUk; fzf;fPl;Lf; FiwghLfs; fzf;fha;tpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

(m) ,yq;if murhq;f Gifapujg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l

kjpg;gPl;by;> epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUf;fhj Fwpj;j

rpy nrhj;jJf;fs; njhlh;ghf &gh 91 kpy;ypadhd nghWg;Gf;fs;

,Ue;jd.

(M) Fjf; fl;lzq;fspypUe;J frpT el;lq;fis fopg;gjpyhd

Kuz;ghLfs; njhlh;gpy; toq;fg;gl;l kj;jpa];j;j jPh;g;gpd;

mbg;gilapy; ,uz;L thliff;fkh;j;jpa jug;gpdUf;F nfhLgl

Ntz;ba &gh 24 kpy;ypadpw;Fr; rkdhd I.m.nlhyh; 222>068

,id epjprhh; $w;Wf;fspy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Nlh my;yJ

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Nlh ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

93

(,) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;; tptrha ,urhad gpuptpd; Copah;fs; njhlh;ghd

rk;gsq;fs; kw;Wk; $ypfs; 2006 Mk; Mz;Ltiu tptrha

,urhadg; gphptpd; tUkhdf;$w;W kw;Wk; tpahghuf; fzf;fpw;Fj;

jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. vdpDk; 2008 Mk; Mz;by; tptrha

,urhad tpahghuj;jpd; rk;gsq;fs; kw;Wk; $ypfisf; nfhz;l

&gh 36 kpy;ypad; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j njhopw;ghLfspd;

tUkhdf; $w;wpw;F jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. mjd; tpisthf

tptrha ,urha gphptpd; Njwpa njhopw;ghl;L tpiy &gh 18

kpy;ypadhd Njwpa ,yhgj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf &gh 54 kpy;ypadhd

Njwpa ,yhgj;ij Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ.

(<) $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 84 kpy;ypadhd fyhy; tupia Fiwthf

nfhLg;gdT nra;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf> fyhy; tup nryTfs;

kw;Wk; nfhLgl Ntz;baitfs; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; rk njhifahy;

Fiwj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. NkYk; mjpy; vof;$ba VjhtJ

jz;lf; fl;lzk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;L> fzf;Ffspy; Vw;ghL

nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(c) &gh 22 kpy;ypadhd fg;gy; kpiff;fl;lzk;> frpT el;lk;> kw;Wk;

JiwKf jhkjf;fl;lzk; vd;gtw;wpd; mwtPL re;Njfj;jpw;Fupajhf

,Ue;jJld; mJ njhlh;ghf epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; Vw;ghL vJTk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

2.2.3 fpilf;f Ntz;ba kw;Wk; nfhLgl Ntz;ba fzf;Ffs;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

(m) 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW &gh 87 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; &gh

5>556 kpy;ypadhd epYit kPjpfisf; nfhz;l KiwNa ,uz;L

tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J xg;ge;j thbf;ifahsh; kw;Wk; %d;W

jdpahh; thbf;ifahsh;fsplkpUe;J tq;fp cj;juthjq;fis

$l;Lj;jhgdk; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk; kPsha;thz;by; &gh 7.9

kpy;ypad; gjptopf;fg;gl;likAk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

94

(M) 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW &gh 93 kpy;ypadhd epYit

kPjpiaf; nfhz;l xU tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J

thbf;ifahsUldhd vhpnghUs; toq;Fk; cld;gbf;iffs;

vdpDk; nrhy;yg;gl;l cld;gbf;iffspw;fpdq;f fld; mbg;gilapy;

me;j thbf;ifahsh;fspw;F vhpnghUs; toq;fiy $l;Lj;jhgdk;

njhlh;e;J nra;jpUe;jJ.

(,) ,uz;L tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J thbf;ifahsh;fspd; $l;L nkhj;j

tq;fp cj;juthjq;fs; &gh 23 kpy;ypadhf kl;LNk ,Ue;j mNj

Neuk; 2008 jpnrk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd $l;L nkhj;j epYit

kPjp &gh 666 kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJ.

(<) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida fpilf;f Ntz;baitfspd; fPo;

cs;slf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifr; Rq;fj;jpw;F jPh;itahf nrYj;jg;gl;l

&gh 201 kpy;ypadhd Kw;gzk; njhlh;ghf Vw;ghLfnsJTk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bf;ftpy;iy.

(c) 2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd ,yq;if

kpd;rhurigaplkpUe;jhd epYitj; njhif &gh 46>437

kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJld; mjpy; 42 rjtPjk; xU Mz;bw;F Nkyhd

fhykhf epYitapYs;sJ. NkYk; ,.kp. rigaplkpUe;J tu

Ntz;ba &gh 1>048 kpy;ypad; njhlh;ghf Kuz;ghL

Njhd;wpapUe;jJ. epjpf; $w;Wf;fspy; mit njhlh;ghf

rPuhf;fq;fnsJTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

2.2.4 fzf;fha;tpw;fhd rhd;Wfspd;ik

-----------------------------------------------------

epjpf;$w;Wf;fspYs;s gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;lthW

Ntz;lg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd;ikahy; fzf;fha;tpy; jpUg;jpfukhfr; rhd;WWjp

nra;a Kbatpy;iy.

(m) Mjdk;> nghwp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd; fPo; fhl;lg;gl;l 2002

bnrk;gh; 31 ,w;F Kd;dh; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l (nkhj;j

ngWkjp) nrhj;Jf;fs; rk;ge;jkhf Nghjpa rhd;Wfs;

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy. mjd; tpisthf> mj;jifa nrhj;Jf;fspd;

95

cilik> chpik> cs;sj;jd;ik kw;Wk; G+uzj;jd;ik

vd;gtw;iw jPh;khdpf;f Kbatpy;iy.

(M) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfspd; fPo;

cs;slf;fg;gl;l nghJj; jpiwNrhpaplkpUe;J fpilf;f Ntz;ba

&gh 713 kpy;ypadhd fyhy;thpapd; mwtPl;il jPh;khdpg;gjw;Fg;

Nghjpa rhd;Wfs; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

(,) 2008 bnrk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd &gh 68.8 kpy;ypadhd

MiyapYs;s vhpnghUspUg;G $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; ngsjPf

nka;ikaha;T nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. Mifahy; Nkw;gb

,Ug;Gf;fspd; cs;sjd;ik gw;wp fzf;fha;tpy; jpUg;jpaila

Kbatpy;iy.

(<) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida fpilf;f Ntz;baitfspd; fPo;

cs;slf;fg;gl;l &gh 5>200 kpy;ypadhd fld; kPjp njhlh;ghf

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa jpUg;G

KidaplkpUe;J Neub cWjpg;gLj;jy; fzf;fha;tpw;Ff;

fpilj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

(c) Kd;dh; Kj;Juh[nty nraw;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xg;ge;jfhuh;fspd;

nfhLg;gdTfs;> Copah;fspd; tUkhdthp> c.Ngh.nr.thp kw;Wk;

Vida nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l &gh 479 kpy;ypad;

Vw;ghL njhlh;ghd tpguq;fs; fzf;fha;tpw;Fj;

jug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> me;j epjp Vw;ghL [e;njhifj;

jpfjpapy; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L ,.f.ep. 36 epjpVw;ghLfs;> epfojf;f

nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;jf;f nrhj;Jf;fspy; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW

eilKiwr; rpwe;j kjpg;gPl;ilg; gpuNahfpf;f $bathW

rPuhf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(C) $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ rGf];fe;j kpdp jpUg;GKidapd; &gh – 16

kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd epyj;jpw;fhd Nghjpa tpguq;fisj;

je;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

96

(v) 2003 Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kPsikg;gpd; gpd;dh;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; rfy nrhj;Jf;fspd; ngsjPf nka;ikaha;it

elhj;Jtjw;F xU fzpg;Gr;rig Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

mjw;Fg;gjpyhf> jiyik mYtyfj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;fs; kl;Lk;; 2005

kw;Wk; 2007 Mk; Mz;Lfspdy; nka;ikaha;T nra;ag;gl;ld.

$l;Lj;jhgdk; epiyahd nrhj;Jf;fspd; nka;ikaha;tpw;fhd

xOq;fhd eilKiwiaf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;Wk;

ftdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

(V) xU jdpahh; fk;gdpapy; &gh 5 kpy;ypadhd gq;F KjyPl;bd;

cs;sjd;ik kw;Wk; mwtPl;il jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd gq;Fr; rhd;wpjo;

jtph;e;j Nghjpa rhd;WfnsJTk; jug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(I) Kj;Juh[ntytpy; mike;Js;s &gh 259 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd

fhzpf;fhd Gwk;ghd cilik> chpik NtW VjhtJ

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba chpj;Jilik Mtdq;fnsJTk;

jug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(x) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida fpilf;f Ntz;baitfspd; fPo;

cs;slf;fg;gl;l murhq;f jpidf;fsq;fs; kw;Wk; Kftu;fsplk;

,Ue;J fpilf;f Ntz;ba &gh 2>562 kpy;ypad; njhlh;ghf

cWjpgLj;jy;fnsJTk; fpilj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mjd; tpisthf>

mj;jifa kPjpfspd; cs;sjd;ik kw;Wk; mwtPl;L epiyik

kw;Wk; epiwTj; jd;ik kw;Wk; njhlh;Ggl;l jug;gpdhpd;

ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; vd;gd gw;wp cWjpg;gLj;jKbatpy;iy.

97

2.2.5. rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs;> gpukhzq;fs; kw;Wk; Kfhikj; jPh;khdq;fSld;

,dq;fhik.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fzf;fha;tpy; gpd;tUk; ,zq;fhikr; re;jh;gq;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs;> gpukhzq;fs;

kw;Wk; Kfhikj;

jPh;khdq;fspw;fhd njhlh;G

,zq;fhik

--------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------

(m) 1983 ,d; 12 Mk; ,yf;f

gzpf;nfhil nfhLg;gdT

mjpfhur; rl;lk;

mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW

,uh[pdkh nra;jjpypUe;J 30 ehl;fspw;

fpilapy; gzpf;nfhil nfhLf;fg;

gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(M) 2002 ,d; 14 Mk; ,yf;f ngWkjp

Nrh; thp mjpfhur; rl;lk;.

ngw;Nwhy; tpw;gidapy; &gh 1>057

kpy;ypadhd tw; thp mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpw;

fpzq;f Nfhug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(,) 2003 A+d; 02 Mk; jpfjpa gP<b/

12/ Mk; ,yf;f nghJ Kaw;rpfs;

jpizf;fs Rw;W epUgk;

(i) ge;jp 3.2 $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gpujhd tplakhfpa

ngw;Nwhypaj;Jiwapy; Fiwe;jJ xU

mq;fj;jtiuahtJ $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

gzpahsh; rig nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(ii) ge;jp 6.1 kPsha;thz;bw;fhd tUlhe;j tiuG

mwpf;if fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik

mjpgjpf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(iii) ge;jp 8.3.5 xJf;fg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fspw;F

jFjpaw;w cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; Rw;Wep&g

mwpj;JiufSf;F Kudhf gzpg;ghsh;

rig my;yJ jiythpd; mDkjpapy;

98

Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fs; xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

mj;jifa xJf;fg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh;

thfdq;fspw;fhd vhpnghUs; vy;iyfs;

gzpg;ghsh; rigapdhNy my;yJ

jiythpdhNyh jPh;khdpf;fg; gl;bUe;jd.

mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Fwpj;j rpy

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspw;F mth;fspd; tjptpl

,laq;fs; kw;Wk; mYtyfj;jpw;

fpilapy; jkJ jdpg;gl;lthfdq;fspy;

gpuahdk; nra;tjw;fhf xU khjj;jpw;F

vhpnghUspy; 100 - 120 yPw;wh;fspd;

ngWkjpia kPsspg;ghff; NrUtjw;F

jiyth; mDkjp toq;fpapUe;jhh;.

(iv) ge;jp 8.7 Rw;Wep&g mwpTWj;Jiufspw;F Kudhf

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Copah;fspw;fhf

nrhe;j epjpfspUe;J c.ngh.nr.thpia

$l;Lj;jhgdk; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ.

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; 2000 njhlf;fk; 2008

tiuahd fhyj;jpw;fhf mt;thW

nrYj;jg;gl;l c.ngh.nr.thp &gh 719

kpy;ypadhFk;. mjw;;F Nkyhf

$l;Lj;jhgdk; c.ngh.nr thpf;fhf

thpf;F Nky; thpia nrYj;jpapUe;jJ.

(<) 1998 khh;r; 18 Mk; jpfjpa 130 Mk;

,yf;f nghJ Kaw;r;rpfs;

jpidf;fs Rw;WepUgk;.

nghJj;jpiwNrhpapd; mq;fPfhukpd;wp

gjtpapdh; fld;fspw;fhd tl;b tpjk; 7.2

rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 4.2 rjtPjkhf

Fiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. kPsha;thz;bw;fhf

mt;thW Fiwthf mwtplg;gl;l njhif

&gh 33 kpy;ypadhFk;.

99

(c) nfhs;if mgptpUj;jp mKyhf;fy;

mikr;rhpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l 1990

ngg;uthp 19 Mk; jpfjpa fbjk;.

rl;lkh mjpghpd; Kd; mq;fPfhuk;

ngwg;glhJ cah;e;j tPjj;jpy; jdpahh;

rl;lj;judpfspd; Nrit ngwg;gl;bUe;jJ.

kPsha;thd;by; jdpahh; rl;lj;judpfspw;F

mt;thW nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhif &gh. 10

kpy;ypadhFk;.

2.2.6 Nghjpa mjpfhuj;jpdhy; Mjhug;gLj;jg;glhj nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mikr;ruit mDkjp ngw;Wf;nfhs;shJ $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2005 Mk;

Mz;bypUe;J xU CopaUf;F &gh 5>000 Md Nkyjpf kpif

Cjpaj;ij nfhLg;gdT nra;jpUe;jJ. 2005> 2006 kw;Wk; 2007 Mk;

Mz;Lfspw;fhf mt;thW nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l njhif

(mz;zsthf) KiwNa &gh 12 kpy;ypad;>&gh 11 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk;

&gh 13 kpy;ypadhFk;. vdpDk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; 2008 Mk; Mz;by;

Nkyjpf kpifa+jpak; nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gltp;y;iy.

2003 a+d; 02 Mk;jpfjpa gP<b/12 Mk; ,yf;f nghJ Kaw;rpfs;

jpizf;fs Rw;Wep&gj;jpd; gb> gzpahsh; rigahy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l

kpifA+jpaf; nfhLg;gdT $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l

,yhgj;jpypUe;J kl;LNkahFk;. vdpDk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2008 Mk; Mz;by;

,yhgj;ij cUthf;fhJ &gh 147 kpy;ypadhd kpifA+jpaj;ijf;

nfhLg;gdT nra;jpUe;jJ.

2.2.7 njspthd xOq;fPdq;fs;/ xOq;fw;w nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kd;ida vdJ fzf;fha;T mwpf;iffspy; fhl;lg;gl;lthW> Copah;fspd;

eyd;Ghpr;rq;fnkhd;W (,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd fld; cjtpr;

rq;fk;) fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jtizg;

gzj;jpypUe;J ,aq;fpapUe;jJ. ,J rk;ge;jkhf gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

(m) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; jd;dstpy; nra;jpUf;f$ba $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

kUj;Jtj; jpl;lj;ij mKyhf;Ftjw;F kPsha;thz;by; rq;fj;jpw;F

&gh 21 kpy;ypad; tpLtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ntspNehahsh;

100

rpfpr;irf;fhf xt;nthU CopaUf;Fk; khjhe;jr; rk;gsj;Jld;

nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l Mz;bw;F>&gh 3000 Md kUj;Jtg;

gbf;F Nkyjpfkhf rq;fj;jpw;F Nkw;gb cjT njhif

nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.

(M) 2008 bnrk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW $l;Lj;jhgd epjpfspUe;J

mq;fj;jth;fspw;F fld;fspy; epYitahf ,Ue;j kPjp &gh 33

kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJld; me;jf; fld;fspypUe;J fpilj;j tl;b

tUkhdj;jpy; &gh 2.2 kpy;ypad; rq;fj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

3. epjprhh; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L kPsha;T

----------------------------------------------------------

3.1 epjprhh; kPsha;T

----------------------------

3.1.1 epjprhh; tpisTfs;

------------------------------------

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd;gb> kPsha;thz;bd; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

nraw;ghLfs; tpistpj;jpUe;j &gh. 14>735 kpy;ypadhd thpf;F

Kd;duhd Njwpa el;lj;jpw;nfjpuhf Kd;ida Mz;bw;fhd &gh. 3>984

kpy;ypadhd thpf;F Kd;duhd Njwpa ,yhgkpUe;jik epjprhh;

tpisTfspy; &gh. 18>719 kpy;ypadhd xl;Lnkhj;j rPuopitf; fhl;baJ.

,e;jr; rPuopT> gpujhdkhf cyf re;ijapy; vz;nza; tpiyfspd;

cah;r;rp kw;Wk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; ntspehl;L ehzakhw;W

,yhgj;jpw;nfjpuhf kPsha;thz;by; ehzakhw;W tPjP el;lk;> kw;Wk;

“n`l;rpq;” nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd; el;lk; vd;gtw;why; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.

3.1.2 epjprhh; tpisTfs; kw;Wk; epjp epiyik kPjhd gFg;gha;T uPjpahd

kPsha;T

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(m) kPsha;thz;bd; jputj;jd;ik tPjk; Kd;ida Mz;bd;

1.22Kiwf;nfjpuhf 0.98 Kiwfshf ,Ue;jik rw;W fPo;Nehf;fpa

101

Nghf;iff; fhl;ba mNjNeuk; kPsha;thz;bd; “mrpw;nu];;w;” tPjk;

0.64 KiwapypUe;J 0.69 Kiwfshf Kd;NdwpapUe;jJ.

(M) gpd;tUk; gFg;gha;T kPsha;thz;bd; njhopw;gL %yjd

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; eype;j nrayhw;wYf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

(i) Kd;ida Mz;bd; 6.96 jlitfshd fld;gl;Nlhh; Gus;T

tPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 6.75 jlitfisf; fhl;baJld;

fld; Nrfhpg;Gf;fhyk; Kd;ida Mz;bw;fhd 52 ehl;fSld;

xg;gpLifapy; 54 ehl;fshf mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ.

(ii) ,Ug;G tjpAk; fhyk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 66 ehl;fspw;

nfjpuhf 39 ehl;fshf ,Ue;jik 27 ehl;fspd; Fiwitf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

(iii) fld;nfhLj;Njhh; Gus;TtPjk; Kd;ida Mz;bw;fhd 5

jlitfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 7.52 jlitfisf; fhl;baJld;

fld;nfhLg;gdTf; fhyk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 73 ehl;fSld;

xg;gpLk;NghJ 49 ehl;fshff; Fiwe;jpUe;jJ.

(iv) nraw;ghl;L el;lk; Kd;ida Mz;bw;fhd 45

ehl;fspw;nfjpuhf> 44 ehl;fshf ,Ue;jik xU ehspd;

Fiwitf; fhl;baJ.

(,) %yjdj;jpd; rjtPjkhf kPsha;thz;bd; fld;%yjdk; Kd;ida

Mz;bd; 434% cld; xg;gpLifapy; 3>996% Mf ,Ue;jJ.

(<) $l;Lj;jhgsj;jpd; epjpfspd; Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;ry; 3% My;

mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ.

(c) kPsha;thz;by; tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;l nkhj;j msT 17>565 nkw;wpf;

njhd;fshy; Fiwtile;jpUe;jJld;> Kd;ida Mz;Lld;

xg;gpLifapy; 0.4% Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ.

102

(C) kPsha;thz;bw;fhd nkhj;j ,yhg vy;iy Kd;ida Mz;bd; 7%

cld; xg;gpLifapy; 0.92% Mf Fiwtile;jpUe;jJ.

(v) <LgLj;jg;gl;l %yjdj;jpd; tUtha; tPjk;> Kd;ida Mz;bd;

21.10% cld; xg;gpLiapy; vjph;kiwahd Nghf;iff; fhl;baJ.

(V) nkhj;j nrhj;jf;fspd; tUtha; tPjk;> Kd;ida Mz;bw;fhd

2.92% Md cld;ghl;Lld; xg;gpLifapy; 8.18% Md vjph;kiwahf

,Ue;jJ.

3.2 nraw;ghl;L kPsha;T ------------------------------------ 3.2.1 nrayhw;wy; ---------------------- gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

(m) 2007 Mk; Mz;by; murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; yq;fh ,e;jpad; vz;izf;

fk;gdpf;Fk; (vy;.I.xrP) ,ilapy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l jPh;g;gdT

cldgbf;iffspd;gb> 2007 rdthp 01 ,ypUe;J mKyhFkhW

$l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ rGf];fe;ij jpUg;GKidapypUe;jhd

ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; ehl;bd; cs;sPLfspd; 5 rjtPjj;jpw;F

Nkw;glhJ tpepNahfpg;gjw;fhd chpik ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> Nkw;gb

chpikiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shJ $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;Jk;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd;

tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf rPgPv];uPvy; kw;Wk; vy;IxrP My; toq;fg;gl;l

trjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjpaspj;jpUe;jJ.

$l;Lj;jhgdk; 2003 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J rPgpv];uPvy; ,lkpUe;jhd

mth;fspd; jpUg;G Kidiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fl;lzq;fis

tpjpj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;> jpUg;G Kidapd; nraw;ghl;L kw;Wk;

guhkhpg;Gr; nryTfs; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd.

mjw;F Nkyhf> fk;gdpf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd bg;Nghf;fdpw;F jpUg;G

KidapypUe;J khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd;

103

Neub mwtPl;Lf; fl;lzq;fshf Kjy; %d;W khjq;fspw;F

mth;fspd; Ntz;Lifapy; rPgpv];uPvy;ypw;F &gh 129 kpy;ypad;

nfhLg;gdT nra;jpUe;jJ. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l jPh;g;gdT

cld;gbf;ifahy; tpepNahf chpik $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

toq;fg;gl;likahy; mJ $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F tUkhdkhf

,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

(M) (i) tPl;Lg;ghtidf;fhd ,yq;if kz;nzz;nza; (vy;Nf)

kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiy kz;nzz;nza; (vy;INf) vd;wthW

tpj;jpahrkhd tpiyfspy; rkjuj;jpyhd ,uz;L tifahd

kz;nzz;nza; tiffis $l;Lj;jhgdk; tpw;gid

nra;fpd;wJ. vy;.I.Nf Ald; xg;gpLifapy; &gh. 5

Fiwthd tpiyapy; vy;Nf tpw;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;>

kPsha;thz;bd; vl;Lkhj fhykhf ,wf;Fkjpf; fpuaj;jpYk;

ghh;f;f xU yPw;wUf;F &gh. 35 Fiwe;j tpiyapy; vy;INf

Ak; tpw;fg;gl;lJ. tpiyaPl;L R+j;jpuj;jpd; gb> njhopw;gL

%yjdq;fs;> rPgPv];uPvy; ,yhg vy;iy> re;ijg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; tpepNahff; fpuak;> Gus;tPj thp ($l;Lj;jhgdk;

kw;Wk; tpahghhp ,uz;Lk;) tpahghhpapd; fopT

Kjypathwhd nryTfs; me;j cw;gj;jpapd; tpw;gid

tpiyapy; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> ,e;jr;

nryTfs;> vy;Nf kw;Wk; vy;INf cw;gj;jpfspd; tpw;gid

tpiyapy; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(ii) ,yq;if murhq;fk; ([PXv];vy;) kw;Wk;

vy;IXrPf;fpilapyhd jPhg;;gdT cld;gbf;ifapd; gb>

,.ng.$. cw;gj;jpfspd; rpy;yiwr; re;ij tpiy

vy;IXrpapd; tpiyfspYk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

,.ng.$. ,w;F cjtpkhdpaj;ijf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd chpik

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;Fz;L. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;

Nkw;gb cjtpkhdpaq;fisf; NfhhpapUf;ftp;y;iy.

(iii) $l;Lj;jhgdk;> kPsha;thd;by; kz;nzz;nza;

tpw;gidapypUe;J &gh 4>931 kpy;ypadhd nkhj;j el;lj;ij

(Kd;ida Mz;bd; nkhj;j el;lk; &gh 7 kpy;ypadhFk;)

104

mile;jpUe;jJ. ,jpy; kz;nzz;nza; tpw;gid

tpiyfspypUe;J mwtplg;gl;bUf;fhj rPgPv];hPvy;

fl;lzq;fshd &gh 297 kpy;ypaDk; cs;slq;fpaJ.

(iv) NkYk; $l;Lj;jhgdk;> ,yq;if kz;nzz;nza;ia

ifj;njhopw;rhiyfspw;F toq;Ftijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F

eltbf;if vLj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

(,) $l;Lj;jhgdk;> kPsha;thd;by; 21>260>124 yPw;wh; tpkhd vhpthA

vhpnghUis ,yq;if kz;nzz;nza;ahf Fiwj;Jj;

rhpg;gLj;jpajd; %yk; ,e;j ,U cw;gj;jpfspw;fpilapyhd tpiy

tpj;jpahrk; xU yPw;whpw;F &gh 18.65 mf ,Ue;jikahy; &gh

396>5 kpy;ypad; el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ. (Kd;ida Mz;bd;

el;lk; &gh 132.3 kpy;ypadhFk;.)

(<) $l;Lj;jhgdk;> Fwpj;j rpy re;jh;gq;fspy; Rj;jpfhpf;Fk; Bry;

tpiyapYk; Fiwe;j Mdhy; xU nkw;wpf; njhd; krF vz;nza;

tpiyapYk; Fiwe;jjhAKd;W rTjp Mh;k;Nfh vhpnghUs;

tpiyapd; gb xU nkw;wpf; njhd;dpw;fhd vt;XgP tpiyapy; xU

jdpahh; fk;gdpf;F jput ngw;Nwhypa vhpthAit (vy;gP[P) tpw;gid

nra;jpUe;jJ> ,Ue;j NghjpYk; jput ngw;Nwhypa vhpthA

tpw;gidapy; kPsha;thz;L kw;Wk; Kd;ida Mz;by; KiwNa

&gh 24 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; &gh 28 kpy;ypadhd nkhj;j el;lj;ij

mile;jpUe;jJ.

(c) yhg; vhpthA tpw;gid njhlh;ghf 2006 xf;Nlhgh; 20 ,UUe;J

,d;W tiu t/g yht; fh]; (gPPtPhp) f;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

kpilapy; cld;gbf;if vJTk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

vdpDk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; jput ngw;Nwhypak; vhpthAit (vy;gP[P)

t/g yht; fh]; (gPtPup) ,w;F njhlh;e;J toq;fpapUe;jJ.

$l;Lj;jhgdk; kw;Wk; t/g yht; fh]; (jdpahh;) ,w;F

kpilapyhd cld;gbf;if KbTWj;jg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;

tpiyaply; #j;jpuk; kw;Wk; tpiyia jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd Vida

epge;jidfs; yht; fh]; (jdpahh;) ypkpl;nll;Lld; mth;fs;

cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jpl;l Neuj;jpy; toikapypUe;j mNj

105

epge;jidfs; $l;Lj;jhgzj;jhy; ,J tiu gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

yht; fh]; (gPtPhp) ,d; $l;Lnkhj;j tq;fp cj;juthjk; &gh 15

kpy;ypadhf kl;Lk; ,Ue;j mNj Neuk; mtw;wpd; 2008 jpnrk;gh; 31

,y; cs;sthwhd $l;Lnkhj;j epYitapYs;s kPjp &gh 17

kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJ.

(C) kPsha;thz;by; $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 14>735 kpy;ypadhd el;lj;ij

mile;jpUe;jJld; &gh 1>416 kpy;ypadhd vjph;kiwahd %yjd

epiy ,Ue;jik ,yq;if murhq;fk; kw;Wk; Vida

epjpepWtdq;fsplkpUe;J epjpcjtpfis njhluhJ $l;Lj;jhgdk;

njhlh;e;J ,aq;Fk; epWtdkhf ,aq;Fk; jpwik gw;wp

re;Njfj;ij vOg;GfpwJ.

3.2.2 n`l;rpq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;

----------------------------------------------

$l;Lj;jhgdk; ];uhd;ll; rhl;ll; tq;fp (v];rPgP)> rpw;wp tq;fp (gPgP) kw;Wk;

,yq;if th;j;jf; tq;fp (rPgP) vd;gtw;Wld; nfl;rpq; nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy;fspy; <Lgl;bUe;jJld; jug;gl;l jfty;fspd;gb> 2008 brk;gh; 31

,y; cs;sthW $l;Lj;jhgdk; nfl;rpq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; %yk; &gh

1>322 kpy;ypad; el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ.

,J rk;ge;jkhf> jiyth; gpd;tUkhW mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;.

“,uz;L cah; ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs; kw;;Wk; yd;ldpy; xU rh;tNjr

kj;jpa];jrig vd;gd ,Ug;gjhy; nfl;rpq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;

nrad;Kiwgw;wp ,.ng.$ jdJ fUj;Jiufisr; rkh;gpf;f Kbatpy;iy.

,J rk;ge;jkhf rl;lkh mjpgjpapd; gzpg;Giufs; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

3.2.3 Vida murhq;f epWtdq;fshy; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tsq;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;lik

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

106

2003 a+d; 2 Mk; jpfjpa gP<b/12 Mk; ,yf;f nghJ Kaw;rpfs;

Rw;WepUgj;jpd; ; gzpg;Giufisg; Gwf;fzpj;J Kiwahd mjpfhuj;jpd;

mDkjpapd;wp vl;L Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fSk; 21 Copah;fSk; 3 murhq;f

epWtdq;fspw;F tpLtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

3.2.4 ,dq;fhzg;gl;l el;lq;fs;

-----------------------------------------


(m) jw;Nghija eilKiw kw;Wk; rPgPv];upvy; cld; cld;gl;l

epge;jid kw;Wk; epajpfs; fhuzkhf> $l;Lj;jhgdk;>

tpahghupfsplkpUe;J Neubahf Nrh;j;j njhifapYk; ghh;f;f

$Ljyhf rPgPv];hPvy; ,w;F kPsspg;G nra;jpUe;jJ. $l;Lj;jhgdk;

Neub fpuak; cl;gl;l epiya mNj ,l tpiyapd; mbg;gilapy;

tpahghu juiff; fzpg;gpl;bUe;jJ. rPgPv];up vy;ypw;fhd Neub

fpuaf; nfhLg;gdTfs;> rPgPv];uP vy;ypdhy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l

cz;ikahd khjhe;j Efh;T mwpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;

fzpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd. ,e;j eilKiw fhuzkhf> $l;Lj;jhhgdk;

2008 brk;gh; 31 Kbtile;j Mz;by; &gh 10.6 kpy;ypad;

mz;dsthd el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ.

(M) (i) $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ vjph;fhyj;jpy; $l;Lj;jhgj;jpdhNyNa

me;j tpahghuj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fj;Jld; 2008

Vg;uypy; xU jdpahh; fk;gdpf;$lhf vz;izf;Fj

tpahguj;jpw;fhd Vw;ghl;ilr; nra;jpUe;jJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

gb> tpahghuj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; re;ijapYs;s Vida

Nghl;bahsh;fSld; Nghl;bapLtjw;F tpj;jpahrkhd

je;jpNughaq;fs; filgpbf;f Ntz;bapUg;gjhy; r+o;epiy

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F rhjfkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mifahy;>

2008 Vg;uy; njhlf;fk; 2008 brk;gh; tiuapyhd

fhyg;gFjpapy; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Fiwf;fg;gl;l tpiyapy; xU

jdpahh; fk;gdpf;F vhpnghUis tpw;wpUe;jJld; mjd;

tpisthf $l;Lj;jhgdk; vz;nza;f;Fj tpahghuj;jpy;

(mz;zsthf) &gh 353 kpy;ypad; el;lj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ.

107

(ii) Nkw;gb jdpahh; fk;gdpf;F gpd;tUk; cw;gj;jpfs;

kjpg;gplg;gl;l ,wf;Fkjpf; fpuaj;jpYk; ghh;f;f Fiwe;j

tpiyapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;glbUe;jik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

cw;gj;jp msT yPw;wh; tpw;gid tpiy tPr;R

ruhrhp fpuak; vhpnghUs; ,wf;Fkjpf;

fpuak;

vz;nza;Fj tUkhdk;

el;lk;

&gh. kpy; &gh.kpy; &gh.kpy; &gh.kpy; &gh.kpy; --------------------- ----------------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------- --------------------- --------------- fg;gy; vhp thA vz;nza;

8>241>209 48.33-105.54 66.59-119.72 778 701 77

fg;gy; vhpghUs; vz;nza;

16>989>263 30.04-72.77 40.21-97.17 1>231 955 276

---------------- --------------------- ------------------ nkhj;jk; 2009 1>656 353 ======= ========= ========

NkYk; fg;gy; vhpthA vz;nza; kw;Wk; fg;gy; vhpnghUs;

vz;nza; vd;gd cs;ehl;L re;ij tpiyapYk; ghh;f;f

kpfTk; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; xU jdpahh; fk;gdpf;F tpw;gid

nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jdhy; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F

cs;ehl;Lr;re;ijapy; tpw;gjpypUe;jhd re;jh;g;g el;lk;

tpise;jpUe;jJ.

(,) vhpthAit toq;Ftjw;fhf t/g yq;fh (jdpahh;) fk;gdp kw;Wk;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw; fpilapyhd cld;gbf;if 2006 xf;Nlhgh; 20 ,y;

fhytjpahfpapUe;j NghjpYk;> t/g yht; fh]; (jdpahh;) fk;gdpf;F

vhpthAit tpw;gid nra;tjw;fhd rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpiyr;r+j;jpuk;

jpUj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhf> $l;Lj;jhgdk; vy;gP

vhpthAit cw;gj;jp fpuaj;ijf; $l mwtplhJ tpw;gid

nra;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf> $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 44

kpy;ypadhd nkhj;j el;l vy;iyia Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ.

,J rk;ge;jkhf> jiyth; gpd;tUkhW ciuj;jpUe;jhh;. “cah;

ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPh;g;G ,Ug;gjhy; tpiyfis vq;fshy; khw;w

Kbatpy;iy.”

108

(<) ifj;njhopypd; rhjhuz epiyapd;gb> tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l

vhpnghUs; mstpd; 0.05% Mf mikf;fg;glf;$ba Foha; tupir

Kuz; ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> Fwpj;j rpy re;jh;gq;fspy; Foha; tupir

Kuz; Nkw;gb rhjhuz vy;iyia tpQ;rpapUe;jik

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

3.2.5 Kfhikj;Jt jpwikapd;ikfs; ------------------------------------------------------------


(m) xU Fwpg;gpl;l tpkhdr; Nritf; fk;gdpf;F mjd; Kd;ida

fk;gdpAld; Vw;fdNt nra;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l cld;gbf;ifapd; epajp>

epakq;fis jpUj;Jtjw;fhd jpwikapd;ik fhuzkhf> me;j

tpkhdr; Nritf; fk;gdpapd; kWrPuikg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dUk;$l xg;ge;j

thbf;ifahsh;> tPIgP gwg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ,uhDt gwg;Gf;fspw;fhf

jhf;fy; nra;ag;gLk; tpiyfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ rYif tpiyapy;

me;jf; fk;gdpf;F tpkhd vhpnghUs; tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.

Kfhikj;Jtj;jhy; Neufhyj;jpy; rPuhd eltbf;if

vLf;fg;glhikahy;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;> kPsha;thz;bd; Kjy; xd;gJ

khjfhyg;gFapy; (mz;zsthf) &gh 189 kpy;ypadhd el;lj;ij

mile;jpUe;jJ. NkYk; $l;Lj;jhgdk;;> tpkhdr; Nrit

thbf;ifahsUf;F tpkhd thA vhpnghUis> tpw;gidf;

fpuaj;ijf;$l mwtplhJ tpw;gid nra;jpUe;jJ. tpguq;fs;

gpd;tUkhwpUe;jd.

fhyhz;L tpw;gid tpw;gidf; fpuak; nkhj;j el;lk;

&gh. kpy; &gh. kpy; &gh. kpy; -------------------- -------------------- ----------------------- --------------------

109

3 tJ fhyhz;L 9>890 10>290 400

4 tJ fhyhz;L 5>625 7>457 1>832

---------------------- -------------------- ------------------- nkhj;jk; 15>515 17>747 2>232

========== ========= ========

,J rk;ge;jkhf jiyth; gpd;tUkhW ciuj;jpUe;jhh;.

“fzf;fha;T mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpl;l tpkhd Nritf;fk;gdp =yq;fd; tpkhd

Nrit vd;gJ Cfpf;fg;gl;lJ. t/g vah; yq;fh epWtg;gl;ljpypUe;J. (jw;NghJ

“=yq;fd; tpkhd Nrit) ,ng.$. ,Ujug;gpduhYk; cld;gl;l tpiyr;

R+j;jpu;j;jpw;fpzq;f naw; V-1 toq;fg;gl;lJ. fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; ,Ujug;gpduJk;

cld;ghl;bw;fpzq;f tpiyr; R+j;jpuj;jpw;F rpy jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

tpiyr; R+j;jpuj;jpw;fhd filrpj; jpUj;jkhf =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritf;F naw; V

-1 ,d; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpiy mjpfhpg;ghd I.m fyndhd;wpw;F nlhyh; 0.13

,ypUe;J xU a+v]; fyDf;F m.nlhyh; 0.20 Mf vk;.xgpv]; ,w;fhd

jtizf;fl;lzk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLk; jpUj;jk; 2006 xf;Nlhgh; 16 ,y;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjdhy; mjd; gpd;dh; NtW tpiyr; rPuhf;fy;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

(M) $l;Lj;jhgdk;> nkhj;jf; nfhs;tdT njhlh;ghf toq;Fduhy; fg;gypy;

mDg;Gtjpyhd jhkjk; fhuzkhf &gh 135 kpy;ypadhd (mz;zsthf)

el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf xOf;fpdhy; Nghjpa

mstpd;ik fhuzkhf toq;FdUf;F 208>460 gPg;ghf;fis $l;Lj;jhgdk;

jpUg;gp mDg;gpapUe;jJ. Nfs;tp epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; rhjhuz mstpd;gb

toq;Fduhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l jhkjk; fhuzkhf $l;Ljhgdj;jpw;F Vw;gLk;

mjd; tpisthd rfy el;lq;fspw;Fk; toq;FNu nghWg;gghtJld;

el;lj;jpd; ngWkjpia toq;FduplkpUe;J mwtpLtjw;fhd chpik

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F cz;L. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk; ,e;j el;lj;ij

toq;FdhplkpUe;J mwtpLtjw;F vJtpj eltbf;ifAk;

vLj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

110

(,) fg;gypy; Vw;Wk; Kiwahd gl;Nlhiy ,d;ik kw;Wk; Kiwaw;w

gjpNtl;Lg; nghUs; Kfhikj;Jtk;. fhuzkhf &gh 27 kpy;ypad;

JiwKf jhkjf; fl;lzq;fis $l;Lj;jhgdk; mile;jpUe;jJ.

(<) ngUe;njhifahdg; gzk; tl;b ciof;fhj fzf;Ffspy;

itf;fg;gl;bUe;jik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

(c) 2003 jpnrk;gh; 30 ,y; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l “ 100 epug;G epiyaq;fspw;fhd

gq;F tpw;gid kw;Wk; nfhs;tdT cld;gbf;if”“nghJ gad;gLj;Jth;

trjpfs; gq;Fjhu;fspd; cld;gbf;if” vd;gd 2008 jpnrk;gh; 31 ,y;

fhyhtjpahfpapUe;jd. jph;gdT cld;gbf;if (“gq;F tpw;gid kw;Wk;

nfhs;tdT cld;gbf;if “ kw;Wk; nghJ gad;gLj;Jth; trjpfs;

gq;Fjhuh;fs; cld;gbf;if” vd;gtw;wpy; cs;s njhpT nra;ag;gl;l

cgge;jpfis cs;slf;fpa.) ,yq;if murhq;fk; kw;Wk; t/g yq;fh

IXrPf; fpilapy; 2007 rdthp 5 ,y; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;

mjpy; Nkw;gb %d;W cld;gbf;iffspy; rfy epajpfs; kw;Wk;

epge;jidfs; cs;slq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vdNt> nghJgad;gLj;Jgth;

trjpfs; gq;Fjhuh; cld;gbf;if kw;Wk; epug;Gk; epiyaq;fisj;

jpwj;jy;> tpiyaply;> ,Ug;Gkl;lq;fisg; NgZjy; Kjypatw;wpyhd

vjph;fhy xOq;Ffs; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F vjph;ghuhj gyrpf;fy;fis

tpistpf;Fk;.

3.2.6 rpf;fdkw;w nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;

------------------------------------------------------------------


(m) tpiy $wg;gl;l kw;Wk; $wg;glhj fk;gdpfspd; rhjhuz

gq;Ffspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l &gh 56 kpy;ypad; KjyPLfs; Ie;J

Mz;Lfspw;F Nkyhf vJtpj tUkhdj;ijAk;

tpistpj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

(M) gpd;ida jpfjpnahd;wpy; mj;jifa vhpnghUs; mwtplg;gLk; vd;w

mbg;gilapy; 2007 khh;r;rpy; fg;gYf;F (jpaYk;) $l;Lj;jhgdk;

111

vhpnghUis tpepNahfpj;jpUe;jJ. vdpDk;> fg;gypd;

nrhe;jf;fhuh;fsplkpUe;J tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l msitNah my;yJ

mjd; fhRg; ngWkjpiaNah mwtplg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(,) rPdd;Flhtpy; mike;Js;s $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s

epiyaq;fspw;F vy;IXrpahy; khw;wg;gLk; vhpnghUspw;fhd

jpUg;GKidf; fl;lzq;fs;/Vw;wpapwf;Fk; fl;lzq;fis

$l;Lj;jhgdk; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. ,e;jf; nfhLg;gdT> rPdd;Flh

vz;izj; Fjj; njhFjpapypUe;J khw;wg;gl;l mstpd;

mbg;gilapy; vy;IXrPf;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jw;F

Nkyjpfkhf> $l;Lj;jhgdk;> fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s tpw;gid

epiyaq;fspw;fhf nkhj;j tpw;gidfspd; mbg;gilapy; rPgPv];hPvy;

,w;F jpUg;GKidf;fl;lzq;fisr; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. ,jd;

tpisthf> $l;Lj;jhgdk;> vy;IXrP My; khwwg;gl;l

vhpnghUspw;fhf rPgpv];gp ,w;F cw;gj;jp

cs;sPl;Lg;nghUs;/Vw;wpapwf;fw; fl;lzq;fspw;fhf ,ul;ilf;

nfhLg;gdit $l;Lj;jhgdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; epiyikf;F

toptFf;fyhk;. NkYk;> me;jf; nfhLg;gdTfs; njhlh;ghf vy;IXrp

kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;fpilapy; xU cld;gbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

112

3.2.7 gad;ghlw;w nrhj;Jf;fs;

----------------------------------------------

gpd;tUk; nrhj;Jf;fs; me;jr; nrhj;Jf;fs; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;ljpypUe;J

gad;ghbd;wp itf;fg;gl;lbUe;jd.

nrhj;jpd; tif fUj;Jiufs;

----------------------------- --------------------------

(m) tdhj;jKy;y

fy;f`Fk;Gw fhzp

,e;jf; fhzp> vy;gP vhpthA nraw;jpl;lk;

kw;Wk; xU tpisahl;L ikjhdk;

vdgtw;wpd; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 10.6

kpy;ypadpw;F ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.

vdpDk; mj;J kPwpa FbapUg;ghsh;fs;

fhuzkhf> mJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f

tpy;iy. mjw;F Nkyhf> ,e;jf;fhzp>

1973 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J rl;l tpNuhjkhf

FbNaw;wthrpfshy;

FbapUf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jf; fhzpapy;

Rkhh; 623 FLk;gq;fs; trpf;fpd;wd.

,J njhlh;ghf jiyth; gpd;tUkhW fUj;Jiuj;jpUe;jhh;. “ ,e;jf; fhzpapy;

Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; mth;fis ntspNaw;Wtjw;F ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

tof;Fj; njhlUk; Nehf;fj;Jld; xt;nthU FLk;gj;jhYk; FbapUf;fg;gLk;

xt;nthU Jz;ilAk; fhl;Lk; epy msitj; jpl;lj;ij jahhpj;jpUe;jJ. rl;lkh

mjpghpd; mwpTiuapy; VjhtJ rl;l eltbf;if Muk;g;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh;

Kd; nkhopag;gl;l eltbf;ifapd; ,aYkhd r%fg; gp;d;tpistpd; Nehf;fpy;>

rk;ge;jg;gl;l mikr;rh; kw;Wk;/ my;yJ Vida> mjpfhurigfisf; fye;jh

Nyhrpf;Fk;gb> vq;fspw;F rl;lkh mjpgjpj; jpizf;fsk; MNyhrid

toq;fpapUe;jikahy; Mf;fpukpg;ghsUf; nfjpuhf VjhtJ ePjpkd;w eltbf;if

vLg;gjw;F Kd;dh; mikr;rpw;F xU mikr;ruit tpQ;Qhgdj;ij

rkh;g;gpj;jpUe;Njhk;.”

113

(M

)

kfhNfd fhzp fpilj;j fbjg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fspd;

gb> ,e;jf; fhzpapd; nfhs;tdtpw;fhf

&gh 0.625 kpy;ypaid $l;Lj;jhgzk;

nrYj;jp apUe;jJ. vdpDk; ,e;jf;

fhzp $l;Lj; jhgdj;jpd; gjpNtLfspy;

fzfplg;gl;bUf;f tpy;iy. ,e;jf;

fhzp 1986 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J

Kd;ida nrhe;jf; fhuuhy;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

,J rk;ge;jkhf jiyth; gpd;tUkhW ciuj;jpUe;jhh;. “fhzpapypUe;J

Mf;fpukpg; ghsh;fis ntspNaw;Wtjw;F gpuNjr nrayhsh; ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

mz;ikapy; eltbf;if Muk;gpj;jpUe;jhh;. fhzpiag;

cilikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ePjpkd;w Mizia mKyhf;Ftjw;F ,.ng.$

fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. tof;if gjpT nra;Ak; mtrpa gj;jpuq;fspw;fhf gpuNjr

nrashyh; .,ng.$ ,lkpUe;J &gh 28>880 I NfhhpapUe;jhh;. mjd;

gpufhuk; .,ng.$ ,e;jj; njhifia gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F 2008 a+d;

mstpy; nfhLj;jpUe;jJ.

(,) rPdd; Flh Fjj; njhFjp vy;IXrP Ald; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l cld;gbf;

ifapd; gb ,yq;if murhq;fk; kw;Wk;

$l;Lj;jhgdk; vd;gd rPdd; Flh

epWTjy; cilikia ifNaw;wgJ

njhlh;ghd tplaq;fs; kw;Wk;

fhzpiaAk; 35 Mz;L fhyj;jpy;

vy;IXrPf;F fsQ;rpag; gLj;Jk;

trjpfisAk; Fj;jiff;F tpLtjw;F

,.ng.$ ,zq;fpapUe;jJld; me;jf;

Fj;jif cld;gbf;if> cld;

gbf;ifj; jpfjpapypUe;J 06 khjq;fspw;

fpilapy; epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

vdpDk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; vJtpj Fj;jif

114

cld;gbf;ifiaAk; ifr;rhj;jpl;bU

f;fhjJld; 2003 ngg;uthpapypUe;J

vy;I xrP My; fsQ;rpa trjpfs;

gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;w NghjpYk;> me;j

trjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

vy;IXrP ,lkpUe;J Fj;jif

njhlh;ghd thliffnsJTk;

fpilj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

,J rk;ge;jkhf jiyth; gpd;tUkhW ciuj;jpUe;jhh;.” ,.ng.$ ,e;j

tplaj;ij rl;lkh mjpgUf;F mwptpj;jpUg;gjhfTk;> jpizf;fsj;jpd;

fUj;Jiufspw;fhf xU tiuG cld;gbf;if Vw;fdNt mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. Fj;jif cld;gbf; ifiaj; jahhpg;gjw;F

mth;fsplkpUe;J gjpy; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

3.2.8 kdpj ts Kfhikj;Jtk; (vr;Mh;vk;)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

kdpj ts Kfhikj;jtj;jpd; fzf;fha;tpy; gpd;tUk; eypTfs;;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

(m) xU ajhh;j;j g+h;tkhd Copah; Nfhg;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy vdpDk;>

$l;Lj;jghdj;jpd; Njitf;F Nkyjpfkhf ,Ue;j 2005 Mk;

Mz;bypUe;j cz;ikahd Copah; Nfhg;gpw;fhf je;jpNuhgha

Kaw;rpfs; Kfhikj;jt Kftuhz;ikahy; (v];<vk;V)

nfhLf;fg;gl;l jw;fhypf mDkjpia ngWtjw;F $l;Lj;jhgdk;

nrad;Kiwapy; <Lgl;bUe;jJ.

(M) 2005 ,d; Copah; Nfhg;G mwpf;ifiaNa 2008 Mk; Mz;bw;Fk;

mKyhf;Ftjw;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; ePbGr; nra;tjw;F

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh; rigahy; mDkjp

toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk; jiyik mYtyfk;> kw;Wk;

Rj;jpfhpf;Fk; mYtyfj;jpd; jw;NghJs;s Copah; Nfhg;G

mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Copah; Nfhg;gpw;F ,zq;f ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W

115

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjw;F Nkyhf> jw;NghJs;s Copah; Nfhg;G

mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Copah; Nfhg;gpYk; ghh;f;f rpy tiffspy;

FiwthfTk; NtW rpy tiffspy; mjpfkhfTk; ,Ue;jd.

(,) Fwpj;j xU jpfjpapy; cz;ikahd Copah; Nfhg;ig

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F epue;jukhd gjpNtnlJTk; (my;yJ juT

mbg;gil) ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt 2008 Mk; Mz;by; rk;gsq;fs;

nfhLf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; nkhj;;j vz;zpf;ifia $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;

kdpj tsg;gpuptpdhy; Ngzg;gl;l gjpNtLfSld; ghpNrhjpf;f

Kbatpy;iy.

(<) Ml;Nrh;g;G kw;Wk; gjtpAah;r;rpj;jpl;lk; ehsJtiuahf;fg;

gl;lbUf;ftpy;iy.

(c) Ml;Nrh;g;G kw;Wk; gjtpAah;Tfs; ajhh;j;jg+h;t Copah; Nfhg;G

epiytuj;Jld; ,zq;FkhW rk epiyapy;

mKyhf;fg;gl;bUf;fhjJld; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; kpsha;T

nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

(C) tpidj;jpwDld; $ba Copah; Nfhg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf

cw;gj;jpia cr;rg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; jhf;fkhd nrayhw;wy;

kjPg;gPl;L mwpf;if (<gPVv];) ,Uf;fhjJld; gphptpd; jiyth;

Copah;fspd; nrayhw;wiy kjpg;gha;T nra;jpUe;jhh;.

(v) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; mLj;J tUNthhpw;fhd jpl;lj;jpd;gb> gpujhd

gjtpf;nfd;W ,dq;fhzg;gl;l gjtpfspw;fhf nghUj;jkhd

cldLj;JtUgth;fs; mj;jifa gjtpfs; ntw;wplkhtjw;FKd;

njhpTnra;ag;gl;L ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Mdhy; ,e;jj; jpl;lk; Kiwg;gb mKyhf;fg;gl;bUf;fhjJld;

Rj;jpfhpg;G Kfhikahsh; (fg;gy;) vd;wthwhd gjtpfs;

ghuJhukhf ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba gjtpfspw;fhd cjhuzq;fshf

Fwpg;gplKbAk;.

(V) $l;Lj;jhgdk;> rpy Copah;fspd; Nritia mth;fspd;

xg;ge;jq;fisg; GJgpf;fhJ njhlh;e;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

116

3.2.9 $l;Lj;jpl;lk;

------------------------


2003 a+d; 2 Mk; jpfjpa gP<B/12 Mk; ,yf;f nghJ Kaw;rpfs; Rw;W

ep&gj;jpd; 5.1 Mk; ge;jpapd;gb> $l;Lj;jpl;lk; Mz;LNjhWk; kPsha;T

nra;ag;gl;L ehsJ tiuahf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mj;Jld; mJ>

xt;nthU epjp Mz;Lk; Muk;gpg;gjw;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ 15 ehl;fSf;F

Kd; mikr;R> nghJ Kaw;rpfs; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fzf;fha;thsh;

jiyik mjpgjp MfpNahUf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. 2007 – 2011

tiuAs;s fhyg;gFjpf;fhd $l;Lj;jpl;lk; fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik

mjpgjpf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhdj;jpd; 2008 –

2012 fhyg;gFjpf;fhd $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; $l;Lj;jpl;lk; 2009 Vg;guy; 01

,NyNa fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUe;jJ.

3.2.10 ghjPl;Lf; fl;Lg;ghL

-------------------------------------

ghjPblg;gl;l tUkhdk; kw;Wk; nrytpdj;jpw;Fk;

cz;ikahdtw;wpw;Fkpilapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f NtWghLfs;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;likahy; mJ ghjPlhdJ Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd;

xU jhf;fkhd fUtpahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. vd;gijf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

117

4. Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfs;

-----------------------------------------------------

fzf;fha;tpd; NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l FiwghLfs; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gl;ld. gpd;tUk;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpfs; njhlh;ghf tpNrl ftdk; Nfhug;gLfpd;wJ.

(m) Mjdk;> nghwp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;.

(M) fld;gl;Nlhh; kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs;

(,) tpahghu fld; nfhLj;Njhh; kw;Wk; Vida nfhLgl

Ntz;baitfs;

(<) n`l;rpq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;

(c) fzf;fPL

(C) rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs; Kjypatw;Wld; ,zq;Fjy;

(v) KjyPLfs;

(V) gjpNtl;Lg; nghUl;fs;

(I) tsq;fspd; gad;ghL

(x) kdpj tsKfhikj;Jtk;

(X) ghjPL

xg;gk; : v]; ];tHzN[hjp

fzf;fha;thsu; jiyik mjpgjp

RUf;f tbtq;fs;

118

Avn - tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J

Bbl - gPg;gh

bps - mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs;

BTR - nghUl;njhFjp; khw;wk;

CEB - ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig

CIF - fg;gNyw;Wk; ruf;fpd; fpuaf; fhg;GWjp

CPC - ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;

EPF - Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak;

ETFB - Copah; ek;gpf;if epjpar; rig

FIFO - Kjy; te;jit Kjy; ntspNa

FOB - jyj;jpy; ,ytrkhf

FOREX - me;epa nryhtzp

GOSL - ,yq;if murhq;fk;

ICPA - rh;tNjr $l;LwT/ngw;Nwhypa rq;fk;

Int - tl;b

CPSTL - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa Kbtplq;fs;

LIOC - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ,e;jpa vz;nza; $l;Lj;jhgdk;

LMS - yq;fh kiwd; Nrh;tpr]; (gpiuNtl;) ypkpll;

LPG - jputg; ngw;Nwhypa thA

Ltr - yPw;wh; (cs;ehl;L ngw;Nwhypa tpw;gidapy; mbg;gil myF)

MOU - Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jk;

NDB - Njrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp

119

OPEC - vz;nza; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp ehLfs;

PERC - nghJ njhopy; Kaw;rp rPh;jpUj;j Mizf;FO

SPBM - jdpKid kpjit eq;$uk; gha;r;Rk; trjp

TT - Gus;T thp

VAT - ngWkjp NrH thp

VRS - RatpUg;g Xa;Tj; jpl;lk;

Documents

tUlhe;j Mz;L mwp;f;if - 2008...1 vkJ Nehf;F vkJ ehl;bd; tsj;ij Nehf;fpg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; mNjNtis> gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila ifj;njhopy;fspd;> gpujhd