Tyre Prest

8/12/2019 Tyre Prest

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Truck Tyre Basics

Shamsheer .E.KRoll.No. 49

S7ME


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Introduction

John Boyd Dunlop reistered this pneumatic tyre!ith the British "atent #$$ice in %&&& .

'omple( tyre )eha*ior is a direct result o$ thetyre construction.

+he t!o main $unctions o$ the tyre, is $orceeneration in the road plane and suspension o$the *ehicle mass

more areas such as com$ort, traction andcornerin are ta-e into account !hen thecom)ination o$ components $or the tyre is to )eselected and calculated.


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Modes o$ +ransport

Mar-et sur*eys carried out in Europe re*eal thatno!adays more than three uarters o$ all $reihtis transported )y truc-.


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Cross ply to the radial tyre

/$ter the in*ention o$ the pneumatic tyre, it !as a$urther thirty years )e$ore the $irst crossply tyres!ere de*eloped $or commercial *ehicles.

+here are *ery distinct di$$erences in theconstruction o$ radial and crossply tyres.

0air container1 on crossply tyres is made $romcriss crossin layers o$ ru))eri2ed $a)ric, on

radial tyres it is $ormed )y radially runnin plies3casin plies o$ ru))erised cord 3on commercial*ehicle tyres steel cord is normally used


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#n $irm road sur$aces the radial tyre is superior to the crossply tyre its ood sel$ cleanin tread pattern5 its sti$$er side!alls also enhance

resistance to tippin on *ehicles !ith a hih centre o$ ra*ity


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The materials that make up a

truck tyre


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Tyre components 1 Tread strip

Material: Rubber compound

Function: +he tread strip has to pro*ide hih !earresistance and ood rip under all road conditions. Insome instances the tread strip com)ines t!o di$$erent

materials 3cap and )ase5 the )ase is there to minimi2ethe tread temperature and the rollin resistance 2 Multi-ply steel belts

Material: Steel cords embedded in rubber compound

Function: Enhances dri*in sta)ility reduces rollin

resistance and i*es the tyre its lon ser*ice li$e.Restricts casin ro!th and increases the tyre6sstructural strenth.


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Steel casin!

Material Steel cord

Function i*es the tyre its structural strenth and its de$lection

characteristics5 su)stantially determines dri*in com$ort. ". #nner linin!

Material Ru))er compound

Function Ma8or $actor in pre*entin di$$usion o$ air and moisture intu)eless tyres.

$. Side%all

Material Ru))er compound

Function "rotects $rom lateral scu$$in and the e$$ects o$ the!eather.

& .Bead rein'orcement

Material Nylon, aramide, steel cord

Function Securin the end o$ the steel cord ply on the )ead core.Rein$orcin the )ead aainst hih shear $orces. ( .Bead core

Material Steel !ire em)edded in ru))er compound

Function Ensures the tyre sits $irmly on the rim. $i


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pre* )ac-


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Standardi2ed mar-ins

1 Manu'acturer

3)rand name or loo 1a Tread pattern re'erence 2 Si)e desi!nation

%: ; tyre !idth in mm

&< ; aspect ratio 3section

heiht to section !idth ;&>.: ; rim diameter 3code Ser*ice description

consistin o$ %:4 ; load inde($or sinle $itment

%:< ; load inde( $or dual $itment

? ; code letter $or speed ratin

$i

" Country o' manu'acture $ +S load desi!nation

o$ sinle@dual $itment and indication

o$ ma(. in$lation pressure in psi

3% )ar ; %4.: psi

$a ,oad ran!ein accordance !ith AS standard & ata as per +S sa'ety standard

on inner construction or num)er o$

plies, in this case

Tread: under the tread there are $i*e

steelcord plies 3includin carcass

Side%all: *ie!ed $rom the side thereis one

steel cord ply 3in this case thecarcass ply


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Standardi2ed mar-ins

11

; tyres complies !ith *alue

set $orth in E'ER :4

" ; country code $or thecountryin !hich the appro*al

num)er !as issued

3hereC 4 ; Netherlands 12 /T

1 Manu'acturer code: +yre $actory

+yre si2e

+yre model

Date o$ manu$acture

( T0# Recommended application

only 'ontinental +ruc- +yres Re!roo*able

+he manu$acturer has desined

the tyre $or reroo*in 13

Tubeless

Tube Type

'i!


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Tyre manu'acturin!


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+yre manu$acturin

Supplier industries and manu'acturin!

compounds

steel industry

chemical industry

4atural rubber

Te5tile industry


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Manu'acture o' semi-'inished

products Steel cord

Tread strips

Te5tile cord

Steel bead core

Side%all6inner linin!


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7ssembly and *ulcani)ation

+he semi$inished products manu$actured in the

*arious indi*idual staes re$erred to a)o*e are

athered on the assem)ly machine andcom)ined in t!o staes 3casin and tread layer

to $orm a moulded )lan-.

Be$ore )ein *ulcani)ed, the 0moulded )lan- is

sprayed !ith a special liuid. In the *ulcanisationpress heat, pressure and time i*e it its $inal

shape.


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Final 8uality controls and

dispatch/$ter *ulcani2ation, the tyres are chec-ed

optically and undero *arious other

chec-s. #nce the tyres ha*e passed all the tests,

they are ta-en to the deli*ery !arehouse

to )e prepared $or dispatch.


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Tyre tips

Tread depth

+he $ollo!in reuirements are la! in the ma8ority o$European countriesC

"neumatic tyres on truc-s and trailers ha*e to $eaturetread roo*es round their entire circum$erence and o*erthe !hole !idth o$ the tread area.

+he main roo*es on truc- tyres ha*e to ha*e a treaddepth o$ at least % mm, %.F mm or > mm, dependin on

the la! in each country. +he limit in the AK is %mm.#n tyres !ith !ear indicators 3+GI ; +read GearIndicators, the tread depth should )e measured in theroo*es !here the !ear indicators are located


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Tyre in'lation

+nder in'lation leads toincreased $le(in, !hichma-es the tyre o*erheat

and may cause tyre$ailure5 increased !ear ;

shorter ser*ice li$e5

hiher rollin resistanceand su)seuentlyincreased $uelconsumption5

irreular !ear.


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Re!roo*in!

+hese tyres $eaturean additional 0ru))erlayer )et!een the)elt sector and thetread roo*es, !hichis currently )et!een> and 4 mm

dependin on thetyre si2e and treadpattern .


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'onclusion

Di$$erent users ha*e di$$erent needs so

today6s tyre manu$acturer uses a *ariety o$

construction methods and materials. Hor

e(ample, a hih mileae truc- tyre reuires

$ar di$$erent properties to a lo! pro$ile hih

per$ormance car tyre, or motorcycle tyre.

/ :< per cent reduction in the depth o$ treadon a ne! tyre produces a >< per cent

impro*ement on rollin resistance.


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Documents

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