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3
NG DNG NNG LNG GI XU TH CHUNG V NH GI DI GC KINH T V MI TRNG
PGS. TSKH. NGUYN TRUNG DNG SV. NGUYN TUN ANH (Lp 45K) Trng i hc
Thu li
Tm tt: Ngy nay nng lng gi, mt trong nhng nng lng ti to, c s dng
ngy cng rng ri khi thit b c sn xut hng lot, cng ngh lp rp hon thin,
chi ph cho hon thnh 1 trm in gi hin nay ch bng 1/4 so vi nm 1986.
Cc nc cng nghip pht trin ra chin lc khai thc tch cc hn in gi trong
tng lai v thay th dn cc ngun nng lng truyn thng nh than , thu in,
ht nhn, Trong bo co c xem xt ngun nng lng gi, kh nng ng dng, xu th
pht trin chung trn th gii v nh gi di gc kinh t v mi trng cng nh c
mt s kin ngh v pht trin nng lng gi Vit Nam.
Nng lng khng th thiu c i vi
cuc sng con ngi v mi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Vic tha mn nhu cu
v nng lng ngy cng tng l mt thch thc ln i vi hu ht cc quc gia trn th
gii. Vi tc tng trng kinh t ca Vit Nam nh hin nay th nhu cu v nng
lng cn ln hn v nguy c thiu in lun l ni lo ca ngnh in lc cng nh cc
doanh nghip v ngi dn. Sau s c ca nh my in ht nhn Chernobyl
(Ukraine, 1986), th chnh ph cc nc phng ty m ng u l c ngay t u nhng
nm 90 nhn thc r c nhng ri ro tim tng ca in ht nhn thc thi theo l
trnh nhm tin ti thu hp ngun nng lng ht nhn. Tip theo, s bin i kh hu
ton cu ang din ra nhanh v kh lng trong nhng nm gn y l hu qu lu di
ca vic
s dng qu nhiu cc nhin liu ho thch. Trong khun kh thc thi Ngh nh
th Kyoto (k 11.1997) v gim cc kh gy hiu ng nh knh buc cc nc pht
trin phi ct gim ngun nng lng ho thch v nh hng ti vic s dng cc ngun
nng lng sch nh gi, mt tri, sinh khi, Bi bo ny gii thiu mt cch tng
qut v nng lng gi, xu th s dng in gi hin nay trn th gii v mt s nh gi
c bn mang tnh so snh xt gc kinh t v mi trng.
1. ng dng nng lng gi - Mt bc
tranh tng qut Trong lch s, con ngi bit s dng
nng lng gi t rt lu. Ngi Ai cp li dng sc gi y cnh bum a tu ra
khi, ngi chu u s dng ci xay gi xay xt la m Sau , ngi H Lan ci thin
v c bn ci xay gi c th n lin tc c hng gi. Ngi M ci tin ci xay gi xay
ng cc v bm nc. Song mi n nm 1970 s ra i ca tuabin gi a vic ng dng
nng lng gi sang mt trang mi. n cui nhng nm 90 ca th k 20 vic ng dng
nng lng gi c nhiu tin b quan trng mang tnh t ph. Bc sang th k 21,
con ngi ang tng bc a nng lng gi vo thay th cc ngun nng lng truyn
thng v c th ni, chng ta ang bc u ca thi k bng n nng lng gi. Nhiu ni
trn th gii cc trang tri in gi vi qui m ln vi hng trm hng ngn tuabin
gi c xy dng. Hnh 1. Trang tri in gi (Winfarm)
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4
1.1 Nguyn l chuyn gi thnh in nng Khi hng gi n c chia thnh hai
lc: - Lc trt: Hiu qu km khong 10-15% - Lc nng: Nu trc rto v tr thng
ng
th hiu qu trung bnh t 30% lng in, cn nm ngang vi 2-3 cnh th hiu
qu cao hn khong 40-45%.
Lc tc dng ln tuabin ph thuc vo trng lng khng kh, vn tc gi, din
tch ca cnh qut v ng nng ca gi. N c tnh theo cng thc: F =
Cp(1/2)V2A, trong Cp l h s (= 16/27), A l din tch ca cnh qut gi m
chnh l din tch hnh trn A = R2 vi R l bn knh cnh qut. (1/2) V2 l ng
nng trong 1m2 khng kh. Suy ra, cng sut ca gi khi qua tuabin: Pgi =
[Cp.(1/2)V2A]V v rt gn Pgi = (/2)AV3Cp
Sau khi tnh ton cng sut ca sc gi: cng sut l thuyt v cng sut thc
t, ta c th hnh 3.
Hnh 2. Phn tch lc tc dng ln cnh tuabin [10]
1.2 Tuabin ca mt trm in gi Trong ng dng nng lng gi th tuabin
gi ng vai tr quan trng trong vic bin gi thnh in nng. B phn c bn
ca trm in gi l tuabin c trc rto nm ngang. Cu to
ca n da vo hnh 4 bao gm: - Cnh n hng gi n v tc ng ln
cnh tuabin. Lc nng lm cho cnh tuabin quay. Bn thn mi cnh c th t
quay xung quanh theo chiu mi tn nh trong hnh 4.
- Chuyn ng quay c truyn t trc trn qua cc bnh rng. Nh c cu chuyn
ng khp m c th truyn chuyn ng ti trc di sang b phn to ra in.
Hnh 3. Biu mi quan h gia cc cng sut [10]
- V tuabin bo v cc b phn bn trong v chng li s xy ha ca khng
kh.
- Phanh dng trong trng hp tc gi vt qu mc cho php nhm bo v tuabin
gi hot ng an ton.
- B phn n hng gi c tc dng n hng gi mnh nht ti a lng in.
- B phn kh tng dng theo di tnh hnh kh tng.
- Mt lch c tc dng tuabin c th quay quanh ct nhm n ng hng gi.
Hnh 4. Cu to ca tuabin gi [7]
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5
Tuabin c phn loi thnh tuabin loi nh v ln (bng 1).
1.3 Cc a im c th xy dng in gi Ngi ta phn bit ba loi a im t
trm
in gi: Ni a (onshore), ven bin (near shore) v ngoi thm lc a
(offshore). Cc
trm t ven bin hay ngoi thm lc a thng cho sn lng cao hn cc trm ni
a v b bin thng c gi mnh. Gii php ny tit kim t xy dng, ng thi vic vn
chuyn cc cu kin ln trn bin cng thun li hn.
Bng 1. Phn loi tuabin gi
Loi tuabin Khong cng sut (kW)
Cng sut (kW)
Chiu cao (m)
Din tch cnh qut (m2)
Tuabin nh 0,4 10 0,4 14 0,9 14 1 9 - 24 3,2 9 - 24 10 30 11 -30
20, 30 (2 cnh) 40 -60 12, 15 24 -36 40 50 50 24 60 70 65 25 Tuabin
ln 1 49 25 50 75 40 26 140 50 99 65 26 154 95 28 227 100 199 100
24, 36 247 150 26 330 200 499 225 38 573 500 699 600 45 1590 660 40
- 50 1195 700 750 750 55 - 65 2304 1000 1000 70 - 79 756
Trong t lin c th s dng nhng mm ni,
i hoang t trm in gi. Trng hp ny khng cn lm tr cao, tit kim ng k
chi ph xy dng. Ngoi ra, trn mi nh cao tng cng c th t trm nhm p ng
nhu cu ring ca ngi nh cng nh cp in cho thnh ph.
in kh ha ngnh ng st l xu hng tt yu ca cc nc cng nghip. Ch cn t
vi khong cch 10 km mt trm 4.800 kW dc cc tuyn ng st c in nng cho tt
c cc on tu Vit Nam hin nay. Nh vy cc u my diesel v than tiu th lng
nhin liu ln v gy nhim mi trng c thay th bng u my in trong tng
lai.
1.4 u nhc im c bn ca nng lng gi u im ni bt nht ca in gi l
khng
lo ht hay cn kit ngun nhin liu, khng gy
nhim mi trng nh cc nh my nhit in, d chn a im v tit kim t xy dng.
Khc hn vi cc nh my thy in, a im xy dng phi gn dng chy c lu lng v ct
nc cao cng nh cn phi c din tch v iu kin a hnh xy dng h cha. Theo
thng k cc nh my thy in Ha Bnh, Vnh Sn, Sng Hinh, Tr An, a Nhim,
Yaly ... thc cht ch hot ng t khong 40-50% tng cng sut thit k v lun
b thiu ngun nc n. Ngoi ra, cc trm in gi c th t gn ni tiu th in, nh
vy trnh c chi ph cho vic xy dng ng dy ti in.
Song nhc im c bn ca nng lng gi l ph thuc hon ton vo iu kin gi v
nh vy s nh hng n cht lng ca dng in.
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6
2. S dng nng lng gi trn th gii Trn th gii c 20 quc gia m dn u
l
c c cng sut lp t in gi cao nht (Bng 2). Cng sut lp t in gi tp
trung 73% chu u, 10% chu , 10% chu M v cn li l chu Phi, c v i dng.
Nu so
snh theo xu th t 19802005 th c, M, Ty Ban Nha v an Mch c xu th
gia tng theo hm m (hnh 5). Cng ngh ca c vi cc loi tuabin gi ln ca
cc hng nh VENTIS, DEWIND, SUEDWIND, ENERCON, NORDEX, REPOWER, c s
dng nhiu.
Hnh 5. S pht trin nng lng gi ca mt s quc gia chn (1980 2005)
[7]
Bng 2. Bng xp hng cc quc gia dng nng lng gi trn th gii nm 2005
[14]
TT Quc gia Cng sut
(MW)
TT Quc gia Cng sut
(MW) 1 c 16.628 12 B o Nha 523 2 Ty Ban Nha 8.263 13 Hy Lp 466 3
Hoa K 6.752 14 Canada 444 4 an Mch 3.118 15 Thy in 442 5 n 2.983 16
Php 390 6 1.265 17 c 380 7 H Lan 1.078 18 Ireland 353 8 Nht 940 19
New Zealand 170 9 Lin hip Anh v Bc Ireland 897 20 Na Uy 160
10 Trung quc 764 21 Cc nc cn li 951 11 o 607 Tng ton th gii
47.574 Hip hi nng lng gi Chu u EWEA
(European Wind Energy Association) ang tin hnh mt chin lc pht
trin rm r nht cho nng lng gi vi mc tiu a nng lng gi vo nhm nhng
ngun nng lng quan trng nht. Theo k hoch ca EWEA th mc tiu n nm
2020, sn lng in gi s t 94,8 GW, chim 12,1% tng sn lng in ca th
gii.
Theo k hoch ny n nm 2020, tng cng sut ca Chu u s l 180 GW trong
70 GW c xy dng ngoi thm lc a gp 72 ln cng sut nm 1995, cung cp cho
195 triu dn. Cc k hoch pht trin cc trm in gi ngoi thm lc a cng ang
c tin hnh li dng gi bin v c tnh s chim trn 40% sn lng in gi tng lai
ca Chu u. Cng
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7
theo d on ny th nng lng gi s tng dn v vt qua nhiu ngun nng lng
truyn thng nhng tim n ri ro cao nh in ht nhn v thy in ln, v vo nm
2030 nng lng gi s tr thnh ngun nng lng chim t trng ln th hai, ch ng
sau nhit in.
Hip hi nng lng gi th gii (World Wind Energy Association) cng a
ra nhng d bo ht sc kh quan cho trin vng pht trin nng lng in gi. n
nm 2020 sn lng in gi s chim ti 12% trong tng sn lng in nng ca th
gii. t c mc tiu ny, th gii s u t khong 100 t USD/nm vo in gi, ng
thi to ra 2,3 triu vic lm v gim c mt lng ng k kh CO2 gy hiu ng nh
knh. Mt th trng v nng lng gi s pht trin mnh m y gi thnh lp t cng nh
vn hnh in gi xung mc r nht, vi chi ph lp t khong 600 USD/kW v gi in
thng phm di 3 cent/kWh.
3. Tim nng v nng lng gi Vit Nam v nhng d nh u tin
Nm trong khu vc cn nhit i gi ma vi b bin di, Vit Nam c thun li c
bn pht trin nng lng gi. So snh tc gi trung bnh trong vng Bin ng ca
Vit Nam v cc vng bin ln cn cho thy gi ti Bin ng kh mnh v bin i nhiu
theo ma.
Trong chng trnh nh gi v nng lng ca Chu , Ngn hng Th gii kho st
chi tit v nng lng gi khu vc ng Nam m
trong c Vit Nam. Theo nghin cu ny, trong bn nc c kho st th Vit
Nam c tim nng gi ln nht v hn hn cc quc gia ln cn l Thi Lan, Lo v
Campuchia. Trong khi Vit Nam c ti 8,6% din tch lnh th c nh gi c tim
nng t tt n rt tt xy dng cc trm in gi c ln th din tch ny Campuchia l
0,2%, Lo 2,9%, v Thi-lan 0,2%. Tng tim nng in gi ca Vit Nam c t
513.360 MW tc l bng hn 200 ln cng sut ca thy in Sn La, v hn 10 ln
tng cng sut d bo ca ngnh in vo nm 2020. Tt nhin, chuyn t tim nng l
thuyt thnh tim nng c th khai thc c, n tim nng k thut, v cui cng,
thnh tim nng kinh t l c mt cu chuyn di. Song iu khng ngn cn chng ta
xem xt mt cch thu o tim nng to ln v nng lng gi Vit Nam.
Nu xt tiu chun xy dng cc trm in gi c nh phc v cho pht trin kinh
t nhng khu vc kh khn th Vit Nam c n 41% din tch nng thn c th pht
trin nng lng gi. Nu so snh con s ny vi cc nc lng ging th Campuchia
c 6%, Lo 13% v Thi Lan 9% .
T nm 1997 n nay Vit Nam tin hnh nghin cu kh thi mt s d n phong
in trong bng 3. Nhng n nay th cha d n no c trin khai do cha c mt
chnh sch hp l khuyn khch khai thc nng lng gi.
Bng 3. Cc d n kh thi in gi Vit Nam [11]
D n in gi Hp tc vi
Cng sut
(MW)
Tng vn u t
(tr. USD)
Sut vn u t
(tr.USD/ MW)
Gi bn in
(Cent/ KWh)
T.gian hon vn
(nm) Phng Mai (Bnh nh) Nht Bn 30 53,252 1,775 5,8 - Tu Bng 1
(Khnh Ha) c 10 17,384 1,738 5 16 Tu Bng 2 (Khnh Ha) c 20 37,483
1,874 4,8 12 Ca Tng (Qung Tr) c 20 21,160 1,058 4 7 7 - 8 o Bch
Long V (H.Phng) c 0,8 0,874 1,092 5 7 - 8
4. Mt s so snh v nh gi v kinh t v
mi trng ca d n in gi 4.1. So snh chi ph v gi thnh ca in gi Cho n
nhng nm 1990, ngi ta vn ngh
gi thnh, gm chi ph lp t v vn hnh ca
cc trm in gi kh cao. Nhng nh kin ny hin ang c xem xt li, c bit
khi quan nim gi thnh khng ch bao gm chi ph kinh t m cn c chi ph
ngoi (external cost) nh chi ph x hi do vic di dn ti nh c, hay
chi
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8
ph mi trng do mt t hay nhim mi trng gy ra. Trong khi cc ngun nng
lng t nhin liu ha thch ang c coi l km n nh v c xu th tng gi, th cng
vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca cng ngh, gi thnh ca cc trm phong in ngy
cng r hn. Ly v d ca nh my thy in Sn La vi 6 t my, tng cng sut thit
k l 2.400 MW, c d kin xy dng trong 7 nm vi tng mc u t l 2,4 t USD.
Gi thnh khi pht in (cha tnh n chi ph mi trng) l 70 USD/MWh. Nh vy c
c 1 KW cng sut cn u t 1.000 USD trong 7 nm. Trong khi theo thi gi
nm 2003 u t cho 1 KW in gi nhiu nc Chu u cng vo khong 1.000 USD. ng
lu l gi thnh ny gim u hng nm do ci tin cng ngh. Nu thi gian s dng
trung bnh ca mi trm in gi l 20 nm th chi ph khu hao cho mt KWh in
gi l s 14
USD. Cng thm chi ph thng xuyn th tng chi ph qun l v vn hnh s nm
trong khong 48 60 USD/MWh, tng ng vi thy in, vn c coi l ngun nng
lng r v hiu qu. Theo d on, n nm 2020 gi thnh in gi s gim ng k, ch
khong 600 USD/KW, khi y chi ph qun l v vn hnh gim ng k, cn khong 30
USD/MWh.
4.2. nh gi d n u t in gi Trong mt d n in gi gm nhiu chi ph
khc nhau: Chi ph tuabin chim khong 45%, ct chng 25%, lp t 7%,
truyn ti in 8%, qun l d n 2%, chi khc 13% [7]. Sau y l mt s tnh ton
v kinh t cho mt d n phong in (51 MW, tng vn u t 65 tr. USD, sn lng
in nm 150 tr. KWh) theo 3 phng n tnh ton ca: c, Vit Nam v Vit Nam +
c (xem bng 4). Nhn chung cc ch tiu kinh t nh NPV v IRR c th coi l
chp nhn c.
Bng 4. So snh kt qu nh gi d n in gi vi cc phng php v d kin
tnh
PA D kin c bn chung ca v d tnh ton in gi c cng sut (MW) 51 Sn
lng in nm (tr. KWh/nm) 150 Vn u t (tr. USD) 65 Tui th ca d n (nm)
20 Li sut chit khu (%) 7 A Tnh ton theo phng php ca c Chi ph qun l
vn hnh trong 10 nm u (%) 4,8 Chi ph qun l vn hnh cho 10 nm tip theo
(%) 6,6 Chi ph sa cha ln trong 10 nm u (phn b u cc nm) (%) 18 Chi
ph sa cha ln trong 10 nm tip theo (phn b u cc nm) (%) 36 Gi bn in
thi trng c(Cents/KWh) 7,5 NPV (USD) 354.697 IRR (%) 7,1 B Tnh ton
theo phng php ca Vit Nam Chi ph qun l vn hnh (%) 1,5 Gi bn in thi
trng Vit Nam (Cents/KWh) 5 NPV (USD) 3.808.123 IRR (%) 8 C Tnh ton
theo phng php ca Vit Nam v c kt hp Chi ph qun l vn hnh (%) 1,5 Chi
ph sa cha ln trong 10 nm u (phn b u cc nm) (%) 18 Chi ph sa cha ln
trong 10 nm tip theo (phn b u cc nm) (%) 36 Gi bn in theo gi
thit(Cents/KWh) 6 NPV (USD) 2.849.793 IRR (%) 8
4.3. Mt s so snh v tc ng nh hng
n mi trng v x hi Xy dng thy in c nhiu tc ng nh
hng n mi trng v x hi nh ri ro do v p, di dn ti nh c, mt t trng
trt v
canh tc truyn thng, mt t rng, cc ti nguyn khong sn, cc di tch vn
ho, Cn cc nh my in ht nhn th c nguy c r r ht nhn. Cc nh my in chy
nhin liu ha thch th lun l nhng nguyn nhn gy ra
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9
nhim nng n do pht thi cc cht gy hiu ng nh knh. Hn th cc ngun
nhin liu ny km n nh v gi c xu th tng cao. Cn nng lng gi c nh gi l
thn thin nht vi mi trng v c t nh hng xu v x hi. C mt s nghin cu cho
l cc trang tri gi lm ph v hay lm nt cnh quan thin nhin, nh hng n
vic di chuyn ca cc loi chim, Nhng nhng tc ng nh hng ny khng ng k v
nu cn th c th di chuyn mt cch d dng.
Khi tnh y c cc chi ph ngoi (chi ph pht sinh bn cnh nhng chi ph
sn xut truyn thng), th li ch ca vic s dng nng lng gi cng tr nn r
rt. Khi s dng nng lng gi, ngi dn khng phi chu thit hi do tht thu
hoa mu hay ti nh c v cng khng phi chu thm khon chi ph y t v chm sc
sc khe do nhim gy ra. Ngoi ra vi c trng phn tn v nm st khu dn c,
nng lng gi gip tit kim chi ph truyn ti. Hn na, vic pht trin nng lng
gi cn mt lc lng lao ng c chuyn mn cao nh k s hay k thut vin vn hnh
v gim st. Nh vy to thm nhiu vic lm vi k nng cao.
Ti cc nc Chu u, cc nh my in gi khng cn u t vo t ai xy dng cc trm
m thu ngay t ca nng dn. Gi thu t khong 20% gi thnh vn hnh thng
xuyn, gip mang li mt ngun thu nhp n nh cho nng dn, trong khi din
tch canh tc b nh hng khng nhiu.
Cui cng, nng lng gi gip a dng ha cc ngun nng lng, l mt iu kin
quan trng trnh ph thuc vo mt hay mt s t ngun nng lng ch yu; v chnh
iu ny gip phn tn ri ro v tng cng an ninh nng lng.
5. Kt lun v kin ngh Xu th chung trn th gii l s dng nhiu
hn nng lng gi trong tng lai khi cng ngh chn v chi ph xy dng lp
t
khng cn t. gii quyt phn no s thiu ht nng lng do qu trnh pht trin
kinh t bn cnh vic tip tc khai thc cc ngun nng lng truyn thng Vit
Nam nn tng bc khai thc nng lng gi. y nhanh qu trnh khai thc nng lng
ti to nh nng lng gi, sinh khi, mt tri th v tm v m chng ta cn gii
quyt cc vn c bn sau:
- Nh nc ra Chng trnh quc gia v s dng nng lng sch, trong cn c
chnh sch u tin v cc mt cng ngh, thit b, ti chnh, vay vn, gi mua bn
... cng nh tng bc r b c quyn v cho php t nhn tham gia kinh doanh
in.
- Ngnh in Vit Nam cn c chnh sch tho ng v hp ng mua bn in ca cc
nh my in gi vi gi t 4,55,0 cents/kWh ph hp vi gi in hin nay ca Vit
Nam v to iu kin cho cc nh my in gi tham gia ho mng quc gia.
Gii quyt c cc iu c bn trn y, s lm tng nhanh s lng cc nh my in gi
Vit Nam. Trong tng lai khng xa, cc nh
my in gi Vit Nam hon ton c kh nng gp phn vo vic cn bng nng lng
in ca Vit Nam v trc ht gp phn m bo t l 10-15% s dng nng lng sch
trong tng nng lng in ca Vit Nam, m ngnh in Vit Nam nht tr k kt
trong hi ngh ton ngnh in ca cc nc ASEAN nm 2005. V di hn, Vit Nam
cn xy dng chin lc v l trnh pht trin cc ngun nng lng mi. Trong chin
lc ny, chi ph kinh t (gm c chi ch ni v ngoi v mi trng, x hi) cn
Hnh 6. L trnh pht trin th trng in ca Vit Nam [8]
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10
phi c phn tch mt cch k lng, c tnh n nhng pht trin mi v mt cng
ngh, cng nh tr lng v bin ng gi ca cc ngun nng lng thay th. Trong cc
ngun nng lng mi ny, nng lng gi ni ln nh mt la chn xng ng, v v vy cn
c nh gi mt cch y . Vit Nam c nhiu thun li pht trin nng lng gi. Vic
khng u t nghin cu v pht trin in gi
l mt lng ph ln trong khi nguy c thiu in lun thng trc, nh hng n
tc tng trng kinh t v nng lc cnh tranh quc gia. Trong khi , hin nay
chin lc quc gia v in dng nh mi ch quan tm ti nhit in v thy in ln.
Liu Vit Nam c th i tt, n u trong pht trin nng lng gi hay khng ph
thuc rt nhiu vo cc chnh sch ca nh nc.
TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Danielle Hardie, Wind Energy to the Rescue
(presentation), 2007 [2] m Quang Minh, V Thnh T Anh, Nng lng go Vit
Nam, tim nng v trin vng, Bi t t
sch VLOS [3] Geitmann, S.: Erneuerbare Energien und alternative
Kraftstoffe (Nng lng ti to v nhin liu thay
th), Hydrogeit Verlag, 2. Aufl., Jan. 2005 [4] Mark Z. Jacobson,
Solving the Energy, Climate and Air-Quality-Health Crises With
Wind, 2006 [5] Margolick, M., Wind energy Technology trends and
applications in East Asia, 2003 [6] Mike Kane, Jagmeet S.Kahlon,
Peter Spaulding, Dora Yen Nakauji, Wind performance report
summary, 2006 [7] M. Chandra Sekhar, M. Ganesh Kumar, L. Pradeep
Reddy, R. R. L. V. K. Prasad, Wind energy, 2006 [8] Ngn hng th gii,
Chin lc pht trin ngnh in - Qun l tng trng v ci cch, Ngn hng
th gii ti Vit Nam, 2006 [9] Roger Rivera, Wind power, 2006 [10]
Ton van der Wekken and Fred wien, leonardo ENERGY Webinar: Win
Energy (presentation), 2007 [11] V Mnh H, V sao cc nh my in gi Vit
Nam li cha c trin khai, 2007 [12] V Thnh T Anh , m Quang Minh, Nng
l ung gi kinh nghim pht trin ca mt s nc,
Tp ch tia sng, 2007 [13] -, in bng sc gi - kho bu ang ch, Chng
trnh mc tiu quc gia v s dng tit kim nng
lng v hiu qu.html, www.eec.moi.gov.vn [14] -, WINDPOWER MONTHLY
04/2005, http://www.windpower-monthly.com/ [15] Nguyn Tun Anh, Nng
lng gi - Hng i v chnh sch thch hp p dng Vit Nam di
gic kinh t v mi trng, Bo co NCKH sinh vin ln th IXX, i hc thu
li, 05.2007
Summary APPLICATION OF WIND ENERGY THE GENERAL TREND
AND ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Associate Prof. Dr. habil NGUYEN TRUNG DUNG NGUYEN TUAN ANH, 45K
- Water Resources University
Abstract: Today the wind energy, one of the important renewable
energies, is widely used as the equipments are producing in mass,
the installing technologies are completing and today the cost for
construction of 1 wind energy station is only in comparison with
1986. The industrialized countries have developed strategies for
using intensively the wind energy in the future and step by step
substituting the traditional energy sources such as coal,
hydropower, nuclear, In this paper the application of wind energy,
the general trend in the world and the economic and environmental
assessment are considered as well as some proposals for development
of wind energy in Vietnam.
Ngi phn bin: TS. Bi Vn Hc
