Unit 10 The World around Us

The Language Points

1. no longer / no more

(1) no longer (= not … any longer) 着重时间上 的 “不再”，暗含现在与过去情况的对比。 常用于实义

动词前 , 助动词或连系动词后 . 。 You are no longer a child. You should learn to

do things by yourself. We can’t wait any longer since it’s raining.注意： no longer 表示否定意义，位于句首要倒装。 No longer was he in touch with his parents or f

riends after the war.

(2) no more (= not any more) 着重在程度， 数量上表示动作的“不再”，暗含将来不 再怎样的意思。与动词连用常位于动词 后。◆ There is no more bread so we have to buy

some.

◆ He is full and he can eat no more.

◆ Lost time will return no more.

◆ Don’t do such stupid things any more.

考题点击--- Will you give the message to Mr. White

please?

--- Sorry, I can’t. He _________.

A. doesn’t any more work here.

B. doesn’t any longer work here

C. doesn’t work here any more

D. doesn’t work here any longer

D

2. make sure / be sure

(1) make sure 确保，保证；查明，弄清楚 ◆ Please make sure the door is locked when

you leave. ◆ I think the train leaves at four but you’d

better make sure. ◆ You’d better make sure of the flight number. ◆ They scored another goal and made sure of

victory.

(2) be sure to do sth.

a. 务必要做某事 Be sure to call me up as soon as you arrive

here.

b. 肯定会做 / 发生某事 You are sure to fail if you do it that way.

(3) be sure of doing sth.

He is sure of her coming in time.

①. ____________ come next time.

②. He ______________ living to ninety.

③. Are you ___________ his coming?

④. ____________ that you look after the dog

while I’m away.

Be sure to

is sure of

sure of

Make sure

3. result 结果as a result 结果 ----

◆ He made one big mistake and, as a result, lost his job.

as a result of 由于 ---- ◆ He died as a result of his injuries.

result in / from ◆ The accident has resulted in many thousands of deaths.◆ The great loss of money resulted from a careless mistake in computation( 计算 ).

◆ He made one big mistake, and ___________

lost his job.

◆ _____________ the flood, thousands of

people lost their homes.

◆ The farm was flooded, ______________ that

most of the harvest was lost.

as a result

As a result of

with the result

用 as a result / as a result of / with the result 填空

4 ． It follows that …

(1) 跟随，在 --- 之后 The chicken followed its mother everywhere.(2) 明白，懂得 Would you please speak a bit slower? I don’t follow you.(3) 表示推测 If a = b and b = c, it follows that a = c.(4) 听从，顺从 follow one’s advice follow the customs

follow these customs follow the rules

follow one’s example follow one’s advice

follow this road

follow sb. / what one said

注意 follow 作状语时的用法：◆ The doctor came in, followed by several

nurses.

◆ Several nurses came in, following the doctor.

◆ There is a thunder following the lightning.

5. lead

(1) 通向 All roads lead to Rome. (2) 导致 The driver’s carelessness led to the serious car crash. The discovery of new evidence led to______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief’s being caught D. the thief to be caught

C

6. take turns

① take turns ( at sth. ): 轮流做某事 Mary and Henry took turns at looking after

their sick mother.

② by turns: ( 指人 , 团体 ) 轮流地 , 依次地 She went hot and cold by turns.

They laughed and cried by turns.

③ in turn: ( 指两人 ) 轮流地 ; ( 指三人 ) 一个接 一个地 , 接连地 , 依次 They were ordered to see the teacher in turn.

④ out of turn: 在规定时间之前或之后不按 顺序 You mustn't speak out of ( your ) turn.

⑤ It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 Now it’s your turn to read the text.

其它与 turn 有关的词语

◆ turn to 求助于 They met a difficult problem and turned to the teacher.

◆ turn up 把音量调高、出现、到达 He promised to come but hasn’t turned up yet.

◆ turn down 把音量调低、拒绝 He asked Sally to marry him but she turned him down. He tried to join the army but was turned down.

◆ turn over 翻转、移交 He turned over in bed. I have turned over my affairs to my brother.

◆ turn out 结果为、证明为 The day turned out wet.

◆ turn in 上交 Check your papers carefully before you turn them in.

◆ turn away 把……打发走 They turned away the beggar.

用 turn to / in / away / up / down / over / out 填空

◆ We had to _____________ hundreds of people, as the hall was full.

◆ Please ___________ the television; the baby is sleeping.

◆ Everything _______________ well. ◆ The glass on the table _______________. ◆ The key you lost has ______________. ◆ Who can I ___________ for help? ◆ ___________ your composition after class.

turn away

turn down

turned outturned over

turned upturn to

Turn in

考题点击1.We wanted to get home before dark, but it

didn’t quite _____ as planned.

A. make out B. turn out

C. go on D. come up

2. Happy birthday, Alice! So you’ve _____ twen

ty-one already!

A. become B. turned

C. grown D. passed

B

B

7. keep sb. / sth. from sth. / doing sth.

stop sb./sth. doing sth. keep sb./sth. from doing sth. prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. ♦ Nothing can stop us taking the socialist road. ♦ Ways must be found to keep poisonous gases from polluting air. ♦ Ways must be found to prevent the river from being polluted.

die out: 消失 , 灭绝 , 不复存在◆ The custom of wearing vests ( 马甲 ) seems to be dying out.◆ There are many reasons for animals dying out.die down: 渐渐平息 ; 枯萎◆ It took a long time for the excitement to die down. ◆ The plant died down when we had that first cold spell.( 寒潮 )

8. die out 消失，灭绝

die away: 逐渐消逝 , 减弱 , 停止◆ The breeze (noise, music...) died away.

die off 相继死去◆ His parents died off before he could live on

himself.

die + adj. / …

◆ The gifted artist died young / unhappy / in

poverty before he was known to people.

◆ Old habits die hard. 积习难改。

考题点击：1. The trees have been dying _______ during the severe winter, and there are few left. A. out B. off C. down D. away2. The most important reason for animals _____

is the part that humans have ____. A. dying out … played B. die away … make C. died off … done D. to die down … played

B

A

9. take measures 采取措施

measure 作 “措施 , 手段” 讲时常用复数形式 .

We must take necessary measures to solve the problems one by one.

measure 的其它常用法 :◆ The clothes are made to his measure. ( 按尺寸制作 )

◆ An inch is a measure of length. ( 计量单位 ) ◆ measure one’s temperature ( 测量体温 ) ◆ The rope measures ten meters. ( 长度 )

10. that is (to say ) 即 , 亦即 , 也就是说

在句中做插入语 , 前后用逗号隔开 .◆ John is a New Yorker, that is, he lives in New York.◆ He can speak four languages, that is, French, German, Italian and English. 注意比较 : such as / for instance He can speak four languages, such as English and German.

11. adapt to （使）适应，适合；改编

◆ She adapted (herself) to the new

environment quickly.

◆ Our eyes adapted to the dark slowly.

◆ You should get adapted to the cold

weather here.

◆ The movie is adapted from a novel.

12. either … or …

(1) either … or … “ 不是… 就是…” ◆ Either you or he is wrong. ◆ I’m going to buy either a camera or a CD

player with this money. ◆ Either he would not come or he didn’t want to.

(2) neither… nor … “ 既不 …也不 …”◆ Neither you nor I am willing to do that.◆ I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.◆ The room is neither big nor small.

Either you or the headmaster______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out

主谓一致：由 or, nor, either … or …, neither …nor …, not only … but also … 连接并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式常按“就近原则”处理 ;

◆ My sisters or my brother is likely at home. ◆ Not only the switches but also the old

wiring has been changed.

A

其它要注意的几个问题1 、主语后有 as well as, like, with, together wit

h, but, except, besides, 等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致．

◆ A professor, together with some students, was

sent to help in the work.

◆ No one but the teachers is allowed to use the

room.

2 、一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数．但 people, police, cattle 等只能用复数．

◆ My family is a big family. ◆ My family are listening to the radio. ◆ The police are trying to catch the thief.

3 、 all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数； 代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。

◆ All that I want is a good dictionary. ◆ All were silent. 人人都缄口无言。 ◆ All were out of danger.

4 、形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓 语动词用复数。◆ What a life the poor were living!◆ The young are happy to give their seats to the old.5 、 Who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时， 其谓语取决于先行词。◆ Those who want to go should sign your names here.◆ He is one of the students who have passed the exam.◆ He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

make a / no / some / much / a great deal of difference (to sb/ sth) （对…）有 / 没有…作用或影响 ◆ The rain didn’t make much difference to the match.◆ It won’t make any difference whether you go or not.◆ It makes no difference whatever you say. I’ve decided to go.

13. Make a difference

14. devote to 献身于… , 致力于…

( 这里的 to 是介词 , 后接 n / pron. / doing )◆ She devoted herself to her career.◆ He devoted the whole life to studying the causes of cancer.◆ The soldiers are devoted to defending their motherland.◆ This is a magazine devoted to science and technology.

考题点击

Although the working mother is very busy, she

still_____ a lot of time to her children.

A. devotes B. spends

C. offers D. provides

A

15. pick up

◆ The patient is beginning to pick up now. ◆ I fell suddenly but I quickly picked myself up. ◆ I’ll pick you up in front of your house at six

this evening. ◆ Be careful not to pick up the flu. ◆ My radio can pick up VOA very clearly. ◆ She picked up French very soon after moving

to France.

注意比较 pick out / pick uppick out = choose “ 选择、找出、分辨出”。◆ She picked out the shoes that match the dress.◆ Can you pick out your brother in this crowd?pick up “ 拾起、捡起、驾车去接、让某人上 车、偶然学到、接收”。如：◆ I picked up a coin on the road.◆ Shall I pick you up at the station?◆ He picked up Japanese while in Japan.◆ I bought a short-wave radio to pick up BBC.◆ The bus stopped to pick up three more people.

用 pick, pick up 或 pick out 填空 ◆ Don’t _____________ flowers in the garden.

◆ Can you ______________ your friend in the

crowd?

◆ I’d like to _____________ a tape that goes

with the book.

◆ She slipped and fell, but quickly she ________

herself ________.

◆ He stopped the bus to __________ passengers.

pick

pick out

pick out

picked

up

pick up

考题点击：1.Common as he is, he is very ______ to be ______ in the crowd. A. easy … picked out B. easy … picked up C. difficult … picked up D. difficult … picked out2. When I saw a pen lying on the ground, I stopped ________. A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. picking it up D. to pick it out

A

B

16. one day/ some day

(1) one day 可以表示将来 “有一天，总有一天”，也可以表示过去“某一天”。 some day 指将来“有一天，总有一天”。

◆ I believe you will be successful one day/

some day.

◆ I came across an old friend one day last

week at the market.

(2) another day 表示近期将来的某一天，可译为“改天”；也可泛指另一天。 the other day 意为 “前几天，几天前” 相当于 a few days ago , 一般用于过去时。

◆ He stayed here another day / another two/

another few days after I left.

◆ I saw her the other day but I don’t know

where she is at present.

17. suggest

后接名词、代词或 doing 作宾语 , 不接 to do 。 ◆ I suggest doing the experiment in this way. ◆ He suggested Shanghai for a visit.

后接 that 从句，表示“建议”时要用虚拟语气。

◆ He suggested that we (should) wait until he came back.

◆ He suggested that they (should) be sent to work there.

但若表示“暗示”，必须用陈述语气。What he said suggested that he had known this.suggestion 作主语时，其表语从句或同位语从句必须用虚拟语气。 My suggestion is that the match be put off a week.It is suggested that 从句也必须用虚拟语气。考题点击 My father suggested _______ a job in the bank. A. I would get B. me to get C. I got D. my getting

D

18.up to

* up to 直到，高达 ◆ On Friday the shops keep open up to 8 p.m. ◆ You may have to pay up to thirty pounds.

*up to 忙于…，该由…，胜任…，适于…， ◆ The boy is always up to something bad. ◆ He is not up to do the work. ◆ It is up to you to decide where to go. ◆ I’m up to my ears in work.

我工作忙得不可开交。

考题点击1. --- What do you want to do next? We have

half an hour until the basketball game.

--- ______. Whatever you want to do is fine

with me. (浙江 04)

A. It just depends. B. It’s up to you.

C. All right. D. Glad to hear that.

B

19 ． now that

Now that the basic conditions are set, it is time

to think how your world will work .

now that = since “ 既然” ,引导原因状语从

句

Now that you are well again, you can travel.

注意比较 : because; as; since (now that); for

  20. respond

We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.  respond vi. 1. 作答 , 回答 [+ to] 2. 作出反应 ; 响应 [+ to / by / with] ◆   Has she responded to your letter? ◆   The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.

21.   be easy to understand

A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.easy to understand  这里的主语 poster和 understand虽然是动宾关系 , 但表语形容词后的动词不定式一般用主动式 ◆ Jack is easy to fool. ◆ He is difficult to deal with. ◆ The man is hard to work with.