Unit 4 Nationalism and WW I

• Includes Ch 22.5, 25.5, and all Ch 26

• ………but first…………….let’s review

• Enlightenment – • Define what, where, when

• What were some of the most important ideas that came out of the Enlightenment that would influence the world?

• Define NATIONALISM (2 PARTS)

• Now recognize: the ideas of the Enlightenment would spread throughout the world……..

• …….and influence people, governments, political philosophies, and countries around the globe……….

• …….but these ideas would not always be accepted and would often lead to conflict

22.5 Congress of Vienna: Background Info

• Europe 1815:

• Influenced by the spread of Enlightenment and Liberal ideas from the American and French Revolutions

• The continent was also dominated by Napoleon’s empire but Napoleon has been defeated and now in exile.

Napoleon’s Europe

Nationalism

• ***Now there is a wave of NATIONALISM in Europe among different ethnic groups.

• Desired to create new boundaries and countries that would unify their groups and interests and create more Liberal, democratic governments.

Congress of Vienna 1815

Congress of Vienna

• (held in Austria) 1815

• Leaders of Europe meet to re-organize the continent following Napoleon’s defeat.

• 2 Main goals: 1- restore Europe’s boundaries and rightful rulers (Reactionary – favored the absolute monarchs that had once ruled) 2- restore Balance of Power in Europe

• Most govt. representatives present were REACTIONARY

• - opposed the changes brought forth by Enlightenment and Liberalism

• ** and opposed the movement of Nationalism among Europe’s ethnic groups.

• The Congress of Vienna favored returning boundaries held by the absolute monarchs prior to Napoleon and the French Revolution.

• Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia : meet to keep and secure the ideas set forth in the Congress of Vienna.

• ***The ideas set forth became known as the Metternich System

• influence Europe throughout the 1800’s. • The rest of the 1800’s marked by a number of challenges to the Metternich system. • The spirit of liberalism and nationalism would begin to spread around the world.

………Now what?

• Following the breakup of Napoleon’s empire- there were many ethnic groups that wanted to be united in their own country but were separated into different states or countries.

• Some worked for this nationalism and at the same time used Reactionary philosophies in order to maintain a strong government and stability.

• …Reactionary?• why reactionary philosophies?????

• Realpolitik and the Nation State 1850-1900

• Historians see the first half of the century as a time of liberal hope and Romantic yearning; but the last half was one of Realism.

• ….what’s the difference?

•The German word REALPOLITIK captures the change in politics during the century. •It was a politic of Realism, of using power and cunning to achieve objectives.

•It was realism, not the ideal of the liberal reformers that prompted the conservative people like Cavour in Italy and Bismarck in Prussia to become Conservative sponsors of national unification.

•Italians and Germans got their nation states as results of efforts by dynasties advancing their own interests.

So how does this apply to South (Latin) America?

• 25.5 (pg. 666-7) Latin American Independence• Define Latin America

• …romance languages based on Latin• ….Spanish, Portuguese, French• …..traditionally- the colonies of the Spanish, Portuguese, and

French

• …your background knowledge of Latin America? • ….what did we just discuss that would influence

the independence movements in Latin America