Unit 8 LIFE IN THE FUTURE - Moon.vn 8 Life in the future.pdf · The harder you work, the better results you will have 3. Zero article (Không dùng mạo từ) a) Trước các danh

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GRAMMAR REVISION: Article and Preposition

A. ARTICLE (MẠO TỪ)

1. A/ An: Mạo từ không xác định (a, an) dùng với dnah từ số ít đếm được trong các trường hợp sau:

a) Danh từ chưa xác định và có nghĩa chung chung

My brother has just bought a new book

A luxurious car may cost you around 1 million dollars in Viet Nam

b) Danh từ số ít đếm được với nghĩa “một”

I raise a cat in my family

I have just an apple for lunch because I’m going on a diet

c) Danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp

I am a teacher

d) Trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng, đo lường: a pair of, a couple of, a dozen of, a kilo of, a liter of, a

packet of, a bottle of, a piece of, a bunch of, a few, a little

She’s just bought a new pair of shoes

There is a bottle of milk in the fridge

e) Trong cấu trúc cảm thán với What:

What an awful day!

What a beautiful dress you have!

2. The : Mạo từ xác định (the) dùng với danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều, đếm được hay không đếm được

trong các trường hợp sau:

a) Danh từ xác định

I have a blue dress and a white one. The blue dress is a gift from my mother and the white one is

a gift I bought for myself

b) Danh từ chỉ sự vật duy nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth, the universe, the globe, the King, the

Queen, …….

The sun sets in the west

c) Danh từ chỉ các loại nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano, the drum ……….

I have been playing the piano since I was six

d) Danh từ riêng chỉ tên đại dương, sông núi, rừng, sa mạc, hồ, thác, kênh: the Thames, the

Nile, the Alps, the Fuji, the Michigan, the Suez Canal, the Amazon, the Niagara, the Pacific

Ocean, the Red Sea, the Sahara…..

The Nile is generally regarded as the longest river in the world

e) Danh từ chỉ phương hướng: the east, the west, the north, the south, the southeast…

People in the South of the country have a higher living standard than those in the North

f) Danh từ chỉ người hoặc nhóm người: the Smiths, the Simpsons, the Chinese, the old, the poor,

the blind,….

The Simpsons and my family have been neighbors for almost 20 years

The Japanese are very hard-working

g) Tên 1 số quốc gia: the United States, the Philippines, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom…..

Unit 8

LIFE IN THE FUTURE

TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

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I have never been to the Netherlands

h) Tên tàu thủy, khách sạn, rạp chiếu phim: the Titanic, the Queen Mary, the Rex Cinema, the

Grand Hotel

i) Trong hình thức so sánh nhất: the largest room, the best things, the most beautiful place

She is the nicest person I’ve ever met

j) Trong cấu trúc so sánh kép:

The harder you work, the better results you will have

3. Zero article (Không dùng mạo từ)

a) Trước các danh từ dùng với nghĩa chung chung

I like oranges very much

Music plays an important part in our life

b) Trước chức vụ, tước danh:

He was elected captain of the football team

Diana, Princess of Wales, died in a car crash

c) Trước các danh từ trò chơi, môn thể thao, phương tiện:

Volleyball is my father’s favorite sport

I go to school by bus

d) Trước các danh từ chỉ các bữa ăn, ngôn ngữ:

What do you have for dinner?

She can speaks 3 languages: French, English and Chinese

e) Trước các danh từ riêng, tên người, tên đường phố, tên thành phố, tên quốc gia, lục địa:

Vietnam is a beautiful country

I will travel to Bangkok, Thailand this summer

Her store is on Le Loi Street

f) Trong các cụm giới từ: to/at/from school/work/college/ university, in/to class, to/in/from church

/town, to/in/into/out of prison/hospital/bed; at/from home; at sea, in bed

I often stay in bed quite late on Sunday

It’s 2 kilometers from my house to school

B. PREPOSITIONS (GIỚI TỪ)

1. Định nghĩa:

Giới từ (preposition) là từ đứng trước 1 danh từ hay 1 cụm tương đương danh từ (noun-equivalent) để

chỉ mối liên hệ giữa danh từ hay cụm từ tương đương này với các từ khác trong câu

Ex: there is nothing left in the fridge

The cat is under the table

2. Phân loại:

a) Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on, in, before, after, during, from, to, till, until, by,……

Ex: in the morning, in May, by midnight, at noon

She has to be here before 8 o’clock

We left at noon

b) Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: at, in, on, in front of, behind, near, over, beside, above ….

Ex: at school, in front of the house, under the bed, behind the tree,…

The students are playing in the school yard

There is a tree in front of my house

c) Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động: to, from, across, along, about, into, about (khắp nơi, quanh quẩn),

through (xuyên qua), out of (ra khỏi), round (quanh), toward (về phía),….


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Ex: through the window, into the room, round the table,……..

After the fight, she ran out of the house

I saw her walking along the street yesterday

d) Giới từ chỉ thể cách: with, without, according to (theo, tùy theo), in spite of (mặc dù), instead of

(thay vì)

Ex: with pain, according to the survey, in spite of the storm, instead of staying home

He jumped with joy on hearing that he passed the exam

He took the bus to the airport instead of a taxi

e) Giới từ chỉ mục đích: to (để), in order to (để mà), for (thay, dùm, cho), so as to (để)

Ex: We left early so as to arrive there by midnight

He always tries his best for every exam

f) Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân: thanks to (nhờ), through (do, vì), because of (vì, bởi), owing to (nhờ, do),

by means of (nhờ) ………

Ex: Thanks to the Internet, we are able to connect with people all around the world

She was absent from school because of her illness

3. Một số cấu trúc thường gặp của giới từ:

a) Verb + preposition

Agree with Đồng ý Put on Mặc (quần áo)

Aim at Nhắm đến Put out Dập tắt

Arrive at Đến, tới Receive from Nhận của

Ask for Nhờ, yêu cầu Rely on Tin cậy

Believe in Tin tưởng ở Save up Để danh, dành dụm

Belong to Thuộc về Share with Chia sẻ

Bring up Nuôi dạy Talk with Thảo luận

Care about Quan tâm đến Take off Cởi ra

Care for Chăm sóc Think about/of Suy nghĩ về

Complain to Than phiền với ai Try on Mặc thử

Complain about Than phiền về Throw away Ném, vứt đi

Count on Hy vọng, tin tưởng Turn on/off Mở/ tắt (tivi, đèn)

Decide on Quyết định Wait for Chờ đợi

Depend on Lê thuộc vào Worry about Lo lắng về

Give up Từ bỏ Catch up with Theo kịp, đuổi kịp

Go on Tiếp tục, làm tiếp Come along with Làm/ đi cùng với ai

Grow up Trưởng thành Check in/out Nhận/trả phòng

Hang up Treo lên Get along with Hòa thuận với

Happen to Xảy đến với Get in touch with Liên lạc

Hear from Nghe tin về Get into/ out of Lên/xuống xe

Help with Giúp đỡ với Get on/ off Lên/ xuống (tàu, máy

bay)

Listen to Lắng nghe Look out for Xem xét, cẩn thận

Live on Sống nhờ vào Look forward to Mong đợi

Look for Tìm kiếm Keep up with Đuổi kịp

Look at Xem, ngắm Keep along with Giữ quan hệ với

Look after Chăm sóc Pay attention to Quan tâm đến

Meet off Tiễn đưa Put up with Chịu đựng


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Object to Phản đối Take part in Tham gia

Pay for Thanh toán Take care of Chăm sóc

Pick up Đón (ai), nhặt, hái Get married to Kết hôn với

Lưu ý: Khi sử dụng giới từ ta cần lưu ý các trường hợp sau:

1 Trong 1 số trường hợp , khi túc từ ở dạng danh từ nó có thể đứng trước hoặc sau giới từ. Nếu túc từ ở

dạng đại từ, nó phải đứng trước giới từ

Ex: you have to take off your shoes

You have to take your shoes off

You have to take them off Don’t say: you have to take off them

2 Trong những trường hợp khác, túc từ phải đứng sau giới từ và cấu trúc này không được thay đổi

Ex: She gets along with her classmates Don’t say: She gets her classmates along with

He insisted on paying for the meal Don’t say: He insisted on paying the meal for

b) Be + Past participle + preposition

- be addicted to ghiền, nghiện

- be amazed at/by kinh ngạc

- be annoyed with phiền, bực bội

- be known for nổi tiếng về

- be bored with chán nản về

- be confused with nhầm lẫn, lẫn lộn với

- be excited about háo hức, phấn khởi

- be frightened with sợ, kinh hãi

- be interested in quan tâm, hứng thú về

- be made of/from làm bằng

- be opposed to chống đối, phản đối

- be tired of chán ngấy

- be pleased with hài lòng với

- be satisfied with thỏa mãn với

- be surprised by ngạc nhiên vì

- be worried about lo lắng về

Ex: She is interested in psychology

I am tired of this job

c) be + adjective + preposition

- be absent from vắng mặt

- be accustomed to quen với

- be afraid of sợ

- be angry about giận (chuyện gì)

- aware of nhận thức, hiểu rõ

- be bad at dở, yếu về

- be busy of bận rộn việc gì

- be certain of tin chắc

- be different from khác với

- be eager for hăm hở, háo hức

- be fed up with chán nản, buồn bực

- be fond of ưa thích

- be full of đầy

- be good at giỏi, có khiếu về

- be happy with/in hài long


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- be keen on ham thích, say mê

- be nervous about hồi hộp,

- be responsible for chịu trách nhiệm về

- be sad about buồn về (ai hay chuyện gì)

- be similar to giống, tương tự với

- be sorry about / for hối hận về, có lỗi (về chuyện gì)

- be sure about chắc chắn, tin chắc vào

Ex: She is nervous about the upcoming exam

I’m totally happy with the results at school

d) Cấu trúc khác với Be và Have

- Be in charge of phụ trách về

- Be in love with yêu (ai)

- Be in favor of ủng hộ, tán thành

- Be out of date lạc hậu, lỗi thời

- Be out of order hỏng

- Have ability in có năng lực

- Have confidence in có lòng tin vào

- Have faith in tin tưởng vào

- Have influence over kiểm soát, kiềm chế

Ex: The elevator is out of order. Let’s take the stairs instead

4. Một số dạng khác của giới từ

Giới từ có thể dùng trong các cách nói sau: at once, at first, at this/that time, at all, according to,

similar to, by the way, in any case, in fact, in addition to, in my opinion, except for, on the contrary, up

to now, in the end, in the beginning…….

In fact, I don’t like him at all

In addition to having a beautiful voice, she can play the guitar


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PRACTICE TEST

A. PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY

I. Choose the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from the others in each group

1. A. admit B. vacancy C. have D. stagnant

2. A. dissolve B. sector C. flock D. hollow

3. A. comment B. catch C. recall D. decide

4. A. thank B. though C. worth D. cloth

5. A. subsidiary B. supply C. suspect D. summit

II. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the rest

6. A. recently B. probably C. usually D. immediately

7. A. domestic B. maximum C. national D. enterprise

8. A. apologize B. contractual C. sacrifice D. reliable

9. A. opponent B. accurate C. initiate D. society

10. A. determine B. priority C. disaster D. penalty

III. Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence

11. The ______ of the earth will be threatened by terrorism as terrorist group will become

more powerful and more dangerous

A. surface B. security

C. substances D. seasons

12. Things will be much worse than they are now, to ________

A. pessimists B. pessimistics

C. pessimistic D. pessimistically

13. By 2050, cars will run on new, clean fuel and they will go very fast. The computer will

___________ the car and drive it to your destination

A. invade B. replace

C. rule D. control

14. Recently, there have been fewer visitors coming to this resort. They’re probably afraid

of ___________

A. capitalism B. patriotism

C. terrorism D. racialism

15. In the future, we hope that we will have a better life due to modern medical

__________

A. theory B. recipe

C. system D. therapy

16. In some Western countries, robots can help housewives with doing domestic

___________

A. chores B. households

C. appliances D. affairs

17. Development in micro technology-computers and telecommunication are bound to

have a huge ________ on various aspects of our lives

A. reflect B. promotion

C. change D. influence

18. More people will work at home because there will be computers linked to a _________

A. Head board B. Head set

C. Head office D. Head master


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19. Thanks to the _______ of labor-saving devices, domestic household chores will no

longer be a burden

A. improvements B. inventions

C. experiments D. importance

20. Cars in the future will be fitted with computers to tell us how _________ we are

driving

A. efficiently B. effectiveness

C. efficiency D. effective

B. GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer

21. Abdul was invited to __________ supper at _________ home of an American family

A. The/ the B. X/the

C. X/ X D. The / X

22. _________ sharks are fish but _______ whales are not

A. X /the B. The /X

C. X / X D. The /the

23. He has been appointed ________ Minister of Education

A. a B. an

C. the D. X

24. I saw ________ car crash this morning. Fortunately, nobody was hurt in ________

accident

A. The/an B. The/the

C. a/an D. a/the

25. Would it be _________ trouble to you to buy me __________ newspaper on

_________ way home?

A. a/ a / the B. a/ the/ a

C. X/ a/ the D. The/ a/ X

26. On _____ Sundays my father stays in ________ bed until ten o’clock, reading

_________ Times

A. The / a / X B. The / X/ X

C. X /the /X D. X/ X/the

27. ________ travel agent would give you _________ information about _______ hotels

A. The / X/ the B. A / X /X

C. The /an / X D. A / the / the

28. __________ Professor Jones, ______ man whose new drug everyone is talking about

refused ______ interview

A. X / the/ an B. X / a / the

C. The / a/ the D. The / a/ an

29. One of _________ biggest celebration in ________ Argentina is _______ New Year’s

Eve

A. The / X/ a B. X / the/ the

C. The/an/the D. The / X / X

30. St. Anthony’s Day in Mexico is a day when people ask _______ protection ______


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their animals

A. For/to B. X /with

C. For/ for D. X /for

31. “When a woman asks me to tell her all _________ football, I know she’s fallen

______ love,” said a TV sports announcer

A. X / with B. About/ in

C. To/ with D. X / in

32. My father gave ________ smoking at the age _______ 45

A. Up/ of B. On/ for

C. To/ on D. For/ at

33. Sometimes Mr. Jones can not find his reading glasses. He forgets that he already

_________

A. Put them out B. Put out them

C. Put them on D. Put on them

34. The Smiths were a very happy family. The children got _________each other

A. Together with B. Away with

C. In touch with D. Along with

35. I have only a part time job, so it’s hard for me to ____ my salary

A. Live on B. Spend on

C. Believe in D. Wait for

36. I am tired __ your rude behavior. I’m not going to ____ it any more

A. From/ put on B. Of/ put up with

C. With/ care for D. On/ go on

37. The manager travelled sometimes _______ pleasure and sometimes _________

business

A. For/with B. With/for

C. With/on D. On/with

38. She gets accustomed ______ working late ______ night

A. To/on B. On/at

C. With/in D. To/at

39. This pupil is good __ French. She always pays attention ________ improving her skills

A. At/to B. In/with

C. On/for D. X/in

40. We must ready to die ________ our country when necessary

A. on B. for

C. with D. off

C. READING

I. Read the passage and choose the best answer

A. Some day people will certainly try to build settlements on the moon. The best places for houses in a

moon town will be a cave or a tunnel. Underground houses will not be squashed by meteorites that

constantly fall on the moon from outer space. This will be important on the moon, since daytime is

so hot that food could be cooked in the rocks, and the nights get bitterly cold.

B. Pioneer moon homes may be made of airtight plastic that can be blown up like a balloon inside the

cave. The reason for this is that the moon has no air around it. The pioneers will have to take along

from the earth the oxygen masks when they are away from home. But the balloon house itself will be

filled with air. Perhaps the house will have beds, tables, and chairs built into it. These can be inflated,


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too. So people will sleep, eat and work on air! Moon-house building will be easy. The moon’s

gravity is less than the earth’s. Everything weighs only one-sixths much as it does on the earth.

41. In a moon town, ________ is the best place for house?

A. A balloon B. A cave

C. A tunnel D. B and C

42. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The people on the moon will not leave their homes

B. The people on the moon will wear oxygen masks when they leave their homes

C. The moon homes are of plastic

D. The temperature in a cave changes as much as the temperature outside

43. The pioneers have to take along from the earth the oxygen they need for breathing

because ___________

A. the moon homes are made of airtight plastic

B. the balloon house will be filled with air

C. moon people will sleep, eat and work on air

D. the moon has no air around it

44. If a stone weighs 18 tons on the earth, how much does it weigh on the moon?

A. Six tons

B. Fifty-five tons

C. One hundred and eight tons

D. Three tons

45. According to the passage, building houses on the moon will be easy because ______

A. The moon has no air on it

B. The moon’s gravity is less than the earth’s

C. Beds, tables and chairs in a moon house can be inflated

D. Moon homes can be blown up like a balloon

Certainly (adv) ['sə:tnli]: chắc chắn

Settlement (n) ['setlmənt]: định cư

Cave (n) [keiv]: hang động

Tunnel (n) ['tʌnl]: đường hầm

Underground (n) ['ʌndəgraund]: ngầm, dưới lòng đất

Squash (v) [skwɔ∫] ép, nén

Meteorite (n) ['mi:tjərait]: thiên thạch

Constantly (adv) ['kɔnstəntli]: liên tục

outer space (n) ['autəspeis]: ngoài không gian

bitterly cold : vô cùng lạnh giá

Pioneer (n) [,paiə'niə(r): tiên phong

Airtight (adj) ['eətait]: kín hơi, kín gió

Plastic (n) ['plæstik]; chất dẻo

blow up ( phrasal verb) [bloʊ ʌp]: làm căng phồng

balloon (n) [bə'lu:n]: khinh khí cầu

mask (n) [mɑ:sk]: mặt nạ

inflate (v) [in'fleit]: thổi phồng, bơm phồng

gravity (n) ['græviti]: trọng lực

II. Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion

A day in your life – In the year 2020

What are two ways that technology will probably change your life in the next 20-25 years?


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People used to know more or less how their children _____ (46) live. Now things are changing

________(47) quickly that we don’t even know what our own lives will be like ______ (48) a few years.

_________ (49) follows is not science fiction. It’s how experts see the future.

You’re daydreaming behind the wheel of your car, but that’s OK. You have it on automatic pilot, and

with its high-tech computers and cameras, your car “knows” ______ (50) to get you home safely.

You're hungry, so you head for the kitchen______ (51) get home. You ordered groceries_______(52)

computer an hour ago, and you know that by now they've arrived. Your kitchen has a two-way

refrigerator________ (53) opens to the outside to accept deliveries. You've already paid _______(54) the

food by having the money subtracted from your bank account. Nobody uses __________ (55) anymore

What's for lunch? In the old days, you used to stop ……. (56) to buy a hamburger or pizza. Now you use

your diagnostic machine to find out ….. (57) foods your body needs. You find out you need more

vegetables and less fat. Your food-preparation machine makes you a salad. After lunch, you go down the

hall your home office. Here you have everything you need for doing your work. Thanks ……. (58) your

information screen and your new computer, you almost never go into the office anymore. The

information screen shows an urgent message ….. (59) a co-worker in Brazil. You set the screen to

translate Portuguese into English…. (60) you wait, you think about later, when you'll have a movie

transmitted. What movie should you order tonight?

46. A. will live B. would live C. should live D. might live

47. A. quite B. too C. very D. so

48. A. in B. for C. from D. by

49. A. Who B. Which C. What D. That

50. A. getting B. to get C. get D. for getting

51. A. as soon as B. as long as C. as many as D. as far as

52. A. in B. on C. with D. by

53. A. where B. that C. which D. when

54. A. to B. for C. on D. with

55. A. cash B. money C. currency D. bills

56. A. at B. by C. for D. off

57 A what B. whose C. which D. where

58. A. for B. to C. by D. with

59. A. from B. off C. to D. for

60. A. In B. From C. Since D. As

science fiction (n) ['saiəns'fik∫n]: khoa học viễn tưởng

expert (n) ['ekspə:t]: chuyên gia

daydream (v) ['deidri:m]: mơ mộng

wheel (n) [wi:l] bánh xe

automatic (adj) [,ɔ:tə'mætik]: tự động

head for (v) [hed]: hướng về phía

order (v) ['ɔ:də]: đặt hàng

subtract (v) [səb'trækt]: trừ

diagnostic (adj) [,daiəg'nɔstik]: chẩn đoán

urgent (adj) ['ə:dʒənt]: gấp , khẩn

co-worker (n) [kou'wə:kə]: đồng nghiệp

transmit (v) [trænz'mit]: truyền

D. ERROR IDENTIFICATION: Identify the error in each sentence

61. In the future, cars will be fitted on computers to tell us how efficiently we are driving.

A B C D

62. Whatever we expect from the future, remember that progress has never moved in straight

A B

lines, and history is full with unexpected developments.

C D


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63. What are some most important factors that will bring about dramatic changes in different

A B C

aspects of our lives?

D

64. My ideal world would be the peaceful one. There would be no wars or conflicts between

A B C D

nations.

65. In my opinion, we will be living with much cleaner environment, breathing fresher air and

A B C

eating healthier foods.

D

66. Advances in science and technology have been the major source of change for recent decades

A B C

and this change has led to progress.

D

67. Different to pessimists, optimists believe that life will be far better than it is today.

A B C D

68. I'm tired of living in big busy cities. I always wish to live in the clean, healthy environment

A B C

with more fresh air and less noise less pollution.

D

69. I'm just going out to the shops. If anyone rings, tell then I will be back for a few minutes.

A B C D


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70. After ten unhappy years Janice finally quit her job. She had not been getting along with her

A B

boss for a long time before she decided to look after a new position

C D

E. Writing: used the words given to write complete sentences for the passage. Make some alterations

or additions when necessary

1. It/ not so easy / imagine what life/ be like/ future

____________________________________________________________________

2. But/ from what/ happened/ and from what/ happening, we/ can/ make/ predictions

____________________________________________________________________

3. First, /future, life/ become/ very automatic

____________________________________________________________________

4. Many things/ do/ by computerized control.

____________________________________________________________________

5. People / eat more/ prepare / and even / pre-digest / food

____________________________________________________________________

6. They / wear disposable clothes / avoid / time/ and cost of washing

____________________________________________________________________

7. People/ not / have/ move around very much while working because they can do things/ their desks

____________________________________________________________________

8. Computers / work miracles / and / their help humans/ have less need/ use their brain.

____________________________________________________________________

9. That / why their ability/ think, imagine, create/ enjoy/ become less important

____________________________________________________________________

Documents

Unit 8 LIFE IN THE FUTURE - Moon.vn 8 Life in the future.pdf · The harder you work, the better results you will have 3. Zero article (Không dùng mạo từ) a) Trước các danh