Unit1 The written word.-Grammar

高二选修 8

Negative statements

Money can buy happiness.

Money can’t buy happiness.

Negative statements are used to correct a mistaken idea.

1.You’re listening to my lesson now.

You aren’t listening to my lesson now.

2. Many people can sing English songs.

Many people can’t sing English songs.

3. His mother has a beautiful car.

His mother doesn’t have a beautiful car.

4. We need a pen and piece of paper.

We don't need a pen and piece of paper.

5. Need he wear a warm coat?

He needn’t wear a warm coat.

6. The students always help the old man on Sundays. The students never help the old man on Sundays.

7. You’d better talk with your parents now. You’d better not talk with your parents now.

no, not, never, seldom, hardly, nor, neither, few, little, too…to…No one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, none, etc.

the most commonly used negative words

Some other negative expressions:

at no timeby no meansin no circumstancesin no sensein no casein no wayon no account

决

不

Page 9 Answers to Part A:

1….he experiences an abnormal childhood without any parents.

2. He is raised in a place with other children who also have no parents.

3. He is then sent to a workhouse, where he has to work very hard and

hardly has time to relax.

4 Oliver does not like anything about the workhouse.

5 He is treated very badly and seldom has enough food or water.

6. Fagin is not a good character and cares only about himself.

7. Oliver does not know anything at first and stays with Fagin.

8. He does not want to steal from anyone, but in order to survive,

Oliver is forced to become a criminal.

9. Mr. Barnlow is a man without any of Fagin's vices.

10. Unless Oliver can escape, he will never be reunited with Mr. Ba

rnlow.

11. He will have only misfortune, not a real family and the love he d

eserves, which is the major theme of the book.

Answers to Part B

1. surprised if, didn't

2. not uncommon

3. Not many

4. wonder whether/if, shouldn't

Negative statements and exercises

部分否定 有些句子构成否定句的时候，只是表达一种部分否定。注意下列句子的否定意义和它们的汉语翻译： 1 ）一些不定代词：It was Saturday, so the manger did not see everybody in that office.

(He only saw some of them.)

这是星期六，所以经理没有见到办公室的所有的人。

The meeting is to be held tomorrow morning but not everythin

g is ready.

(There is still something to be done before the meeting begins.)

这次会议明天上午举行，但是，不是所有的事情都已准备就绪。

They have not finished all the work so they have to come here again to

morrow.

(Some of the work has not been finished yet.)

他们还没有完成全部的工作，所以他们明天还得再来。Both of the answers are not correct.

(One of the answers is right or partly right.)

这两个答案不是全对。

2 ）一些副词：The students do not go to school by bicycle every day.

(Sometimes they go to school by bus or on foot.)

学生们不是每天都骑自行车去上学。

This kind of animal can not be found everywhere in this country.

(This kind of animal can be found only in some places.)

在这个国家不是每一个地方都可以找到这种动物。Jenny Benson does not always come to school very late.

(She sometimes comes to school on time.)

詹妮 · 本森上学并不总是到得很晚。

The Smiths do not often go to that Chinese Restaurant around the street corn

er.

(Maybe they go to that Chinese restaurant once on a while.)

史密斯一家并不经常去街道拐角处的那家中餐馆吃饭。

全部否定通常有含有全部否定意义的词，如 no, none, nobody, nowhere, no one, never, neither, nor 等，加上表示肯定意义的谓语动词构成。

全部否定

他的父母都不是英语教师。

Neither of his parents is an English teacher.

Both of the sisters are here.

Both…not… / Not both…

…并非两者都

Neither of the sisters is here.

=Either of the two sisters is not here.

All the students are diligent.

None of the students are talents

/ is a talent.

Not all = Not …all = Some

Everyone in our class likes football.

 No one / Nobody in our class likes football.

 Nothing is important.

Everything is important.

 No book is important.

Every book is important.

oftenalwayseverywhereeverythingeveryone/body

seldomnevernowherenothingno one / nobody

1. 在复合句中，若宾语从句表示否定意义， 而主句是 I (we) + think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等时，则要把从句中的否定词前移到主句中 .

否定转移

我认为你没有必要去读这本书。

I don’t think it’s necessary for you to read this book.

2. 在“ … not …because… ” 结构中，如果否定词否定的是由 because 引导的整个状语从句，则把 前移到主句中，而且不用逗号将其隔开。

玛丽和妹妹并不是因为喜欢那部电影才去看的。

Mary and her sister didn’t go to see the film because they liked it.

3. 当“ happen, used to, seem ” 等词 后跟不定式时，如果不定式表示否定含义，则把 前移到这些词的前面。

这个消息好像并不是真的。

The news didn’t seem to be true.

4. appear / feel / look / seem / sound / + 从句的结构中，从句的否定词常常移到这些词的前面。

听起来，这个可怜女孩好像不知道事故中发生了什么。

It doesn’t sound as if the poor girl knows what has happened in the accident.

1. 否定词分别出现在主句和从句中，构成双重否定 .

双重否定

没有人不知道事实的真相。

There is nobody who doesn’t know the truth.

2. 否定词与有否定前缀的词连用。

星期天他不是不可能呆在家里。

It is not unlikely that he will stay at home on Sunday.

借助否定副词，介词短语，固定句式来表达否定意思。如 hardly, unless, far from, free from, would rather …than…, anything but, the last + 名词。

其他形式的否定

Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.

This is anything but a good novel.

The classics are far from disappearing.

Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say.

Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens

at the end .

Skiing is the last thing that he wants to do.

( 滑雪是他最不想做的事情 .)

The fortune sets him free from financial worries.

Joe would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.

Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens

at the end .

有时我们将否定词和 whether 或 if 连用，来表达对于某种情况的疑虑。这种表达方式比较随意，通常用于口语中。

If 从句中的附加否定

I wonder whether / if I shouldn’t bring an umbrella. ( I wonder whether / if I

should bring an umbrella.)

I wouldn’t be surprised if they didn’t move soon ( I wouldn’t be surprised if they moved soon.)

I wonder whether / if… 一般用于表达个人决定。 I wouldn’t be surprised if 则不用来表示个人情况。

1. ---Are the two answers correct? ---No, ____ correct. A. no one is B. both are not C. neither is D. either is not2. As we were sleep, ____ of us heard the sound. A. both B. none C. all D. any

C

B

3. ---Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end? ---If you keep still, you can sit at ___ end. A. neither B. each C. either D. any4. It is impossible for so ____ workers to do so ____ work in a single day. A. few; much B. few; many C. little; much D. little; many

C

A

5. ____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None6. We could not eat in a restaurant because ____ of us had ____ money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. no one; any D. none; any

D

D

7. ---Is there ____ here? ---No, Bob and Tim have asked to for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody8. They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to have a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither

C

C

9. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ____. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing10. ---Are the new rules working? ---Yes. ____ books are stolen. A. Few B. More C. Some D. None

A

D

11. ---I feel a bit hungry. ---Why don’t you have ____ bread? A. any B. little C. some D. few12. The street looks very beautiful, for there are trees on ____. A. neither side B. either side C. both side D. all sides

C

B

13. ---Which of the two Italian films do you like better? ---____, because they are meaningless. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither14. ---How many monkeys did you see in the zoo yesterday? ---____. A. None B. No one C. Not many ones D. No many

D

A

15. There is very ____ hope the work will be finished in 3 days due to the bad weather. A. few B. little C. small D. much16. In some polluted cities, ____ is done to make smoke clean before it goes into the air. A. a lot B. few C. little D. plenty

B

C

祝同学们学习进步！