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2/17/2010 1 UNUSUAL SECONDARY GROWTH Unusual or anomalous secondary growth Deviations from the usual or common pattern of secondary growth Examples Examples a. unequal activity of diff. portions of cambium b. alteration of rel. amounts and position of vascular tissues c. additional cambia Significance Taxonomic implications ‐‐ atypical secondary growth can be found in certain family or genus Ph siological Physiological ‐‐ found in lianas and climbing plants ‐‐ modified organs e.g. storage Passiflora Varied production of Xylem and phloem Aristolochia Strands of cambium produce only raylike parenchyma Serjania (Sapindaceae) Cambium first appears in separate strands each of which surrounds a group of vascular bundles or primary vascular bundle

Unusual Secondary Growth

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Page 1: Unusual Secondary Growth

2/17/2010

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UNUSUAL SECONDARY GROWTH

Unusual or anomalous secondary growth

Deviations from the  usual or common pattern of secondary growth

ExamplesExamplesa. unequal activity of diff. portions of cambiumb. alteration of rel. amounts and position of vascular tissuesc. additional cambia

Significance

Taxonomic implications‐‐ atypical secondary growth can be found in certain family or genus

Ph siologicalPhysiological‐‐ found in lianas and climbing plants‐‐modified organs e.g. storage

Passiflora‐ Varied production of Xylem and phloem 

Aristolochia‐ Strands of cambium produce only ray‐like parenchyma

Serjania (Sapindaceae)‐ Cambium first appears in separate strands each of which surrounds a group of vascular bundles or primary vascular bundle

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Included phloem

Nyctaginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceaecambium differentiates outside the primary vascular bundles, pericycle, or inner cortical vascular bundles, pericycle, or inner cortical layersSeries of vascular cambia arise successively further outwardEach successive cambia produces X and PNew cambium develops from parenchyma cells on the outside of phloem

Bougainvilla Aristolochia

1 epidermis3 parenchyma4 cortex5 sclerenchyma7 primary phloem7 primary phloem8 primary xylem9 pith2 collenchyma6 parenchyma

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1 cork3 sclerenchyma4 phloem5 xylem7 pith7 p2 cortex6 ray

Bauhinia – unequal activity of cambium

For flexibility

Thickening of the axis in monocots

Responsible for thick axial organse.g. stems of palms

rhizomes of Musa spp.

Rapid thickening occurs below apical meristemAddition of parenchyma and vascular bundles

Primary thickening meristem

Lies below young leaf bases

PTM

Activity is independent of the apical meristemMost of the stem tissues develop from itpResponsible for most of the primary plant body

* Apical meristem plays a small part of the primary body

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PTM

Produces anticlinal rows of cells by periclinaldivisionsDerivatives– ground parenchyma traversed b    bi l t dby  procambial strandsAfter elongation‐‐ inrease in thickness by  enlargement and division of parenchyma

Diffused secondary thickening

palmsGround tissue  close to the apex expandsCentral parenchyma continue to undergo divisions which are followed by cell expansion for a long period

Secondary thickening meristem (STM)

Continuous with PTMDevelops from parenchyma  cells that underwent tangential divisionProduces parenchyma outside (secondary cortex)  and parenchyma and vascular bundles  inside