Upplemental Information 2 Weld

7/30/2019 Upplemental Information 2 Weld

1/16

UPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION 2

PIPE WELDING

Welding pipe is like welding any other structural shape and welding can takeplace in any of the normal positions for welding. When welding pipe flanges andsome joints configurations the weld applied may be a fillet weld. When weldingpipe to pipe the joint is similar to a vee groove and is often open root. Weldingpipe to pipe requires a higher degree of skill and is the topic of this supplement.

The pipe welding positions covered are the 1G flat and rolled position, the 2Ghorizontal position, the 5G vertical position and the 6G fixed position as shownbelow.


2/16

PIPE WELDING EDGE PREPERATION

The pipe coupons for welding are cut using the pipe beveling machine. The slagis removed and the edges are ground smooth for welding a 1/8 landing or flat isapplied to the pipe. The pictures below show the pipe beveling machine and theedge preparation.


3/16


4/16

PIPE ASSEMBLY

The pipe is assembled for welding by placing one piece on top of the other with a1/8 electrode without flux on it between the pipe.

It is extremely important to set up and tack weld the pipe properly, if the pipe isnot aligned on the inside it is difficult to obtain the proper penetration throughthe pipe.

The root gap around the pipe must be consistent. If part of the root gap is toowide the key hole will open up too much while welding and instead of penetrationyou may have burn through (more than 1/8 reinforcement) on the inside. If part

of the root gap is too narrow you may not be able to penetrate through the pipein those areas.

At least 4 tack welds should be placed around the pipe at 12 oclock 6 oclock 3oclock and 9 oclock.


5/16

The tacks must be strong enough to hold alignment while welding the root passand should penetrate enough to become a part of the root pass. When testing thetack may be removed using a cutting wheel to get a consistent root weld aroundthe joint.

The picture below shows the tacks in a flat position pipe.

Chill ring

For some applications a chill ring may be used instead of an open root. The chillring works like a backing bar in groove welding and becomes a part of thewelded joint. When the chill ring is used the root opening is determined by the

pins on the chill ring. After tacking the chill ring on the inside of the pipe, thepins are removed. If a chill ring is used the root pass may be made using E-7018since it is not necessary to penetrate through the pipe.


6/16

PIPE WELDING IN THE FLAT 1G POSITION

Pipe Welding in the flat position requires that the Welder make someadjustments to the normal angles and length of the welds during welding. In theflat position with the pipe being rolled or rotated the push travel angle works

best. Shorter lengths of weld are used so that you do not change your travel angleby stretching out of position. The pipe is then rotated before continuing. Stringerbeads are used to weld the root, fill passes and cover pass on six inch schedule 80pipe.


7/16

Technique for welding the 1 G Rolled Pipe

The root pass is made using the E-6010 Electrode to penetrate through the openroot pipe. Make sure the amperage (heat) is set correctly to open and maintainthe keyhole where the root is s good fit. Use scrap metal and weld in the flatposition with the amperage on approximately 100 and adjust the heat asnecessary.

The root pass should be flat to convex in appearance on the groove side of thepipe with no holes and should be flush to 1/8 maximum reinforcement on theinside of the pipe.


8/16

After completing the root pass and evaluating the penetration, grind the grooveside of the weld in preparation for the fill passes.


9/16

Set the amperage for the E-7018 1/8 Electrode at approximately 120-150 amps toweld the fill passes and the cover passes. Use the stringer bead technique forwelding the fill passes and cover passes.

PIPE WELDING IN THE 2G HORIZONTAL POSITION

When welding in the 2g pipe position the pipe is vertical and the weld ishorizontal. The pipe is not moved during welding and the welder must movearound the fixed position pipe. The preparation and amperage setting should be

the same as for the flat position pipe with E-6010 Electrodes used for the rootand E-7018 Electrodes used for the fill and cover passes. It is important to layerthe fill passes and cover passes from the bottom pipe up to the top pipe, whilekeeping the weld beads straight and properly overlapped.


10/16


11/16

PIPE WELDING IN THE VERTICAL 5G POSITION

In the 5G pipe position the pipe is horizontal and the weld axis is vertical so thatthe welding is essentially a vertical weld. When welding some pipes for lowpressure applications or small diameter pipe it may be acceptable to weldvertical downward with an electrodes like the E6010 however; most pipes arewelded vertical upward with an E-6010 root pass and E-7018 fill and cap.

When welding in the 5G pipe position the weld beads may be either stringers or

weaves depending on the job requirements.

At the Delta School Of Trades we use the E-6010 electrode for the open root passand E-7018 for the fill and cover passes using the vertical upward weavetechnique.


12/16

TECHNIQUE FOR VERTICAL 5G PIPE WELDING

AS always make sure the correct amperage is set for tacking the pieces and theroot pass using E-6010 electrodes. Check the machine setting and use anamperage from 90-110.

Use E-7018 for the fill passes and cover pass set at approximately 120-150 Amps.

Use a slight U shape technique with the E-6010 electrode to open and maintain

the keyhole. It may be necessary to ride up very slightly on the inside edge of thegroove to chill the keyhole if it opens up too much. If the keyhole is too tight, slowdown and force it open with the electrode while welding or stop and increase theamperage (heat).

Use a Z motion weave with the E-7018 Electrode keeping the ripples closetogether and the weld profile flat for the fill and cover passes.


13/16

VERTICAL UPWARD WEAVES FOR 5G PIPE

Stringer Weaves may also be used to weld the fill passes and cover passes. This isan important technique to learn in preparation for welding in the 6G position

PIPE WELDING IN THE 6G FIXED POSITION


14/16

In the 6G Pipe welding position the pipe is set on a 45 degree inclined angle.The weld in this position covers all position welding because the bottom of thepipe is an overhead weld; the top of the pipe is a flat weld and the front andback sides are a vertical upward weld. The pipe is welded using stringer beadsexcept that a slight weave motion must be used to prevent the sides or verticalupward part from sagging and lumping up in the middle of the weld bead.

The Electrode angle should remain the same for all passes. Use a slight pushangle from bottom to top.

CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR WELDING THE 6G FIXED PIPE

As for all pipe welding take the time to set up the pipe properly with a consistentroot gap and 4 evenly spaced tacks.


15/16

Make sure you have set the correct amperage for the electrode type and size asmentioned earlier.

After running the root, grind the root pass lightly before starting with the E-7018Electrode.

Remember to use a slight weave motion with the E-7018 to prevent the weldlumping in the middle and to get proper fusion.

Each filler pass should overlap the prior pass without leaving a depression(called wagon tracks) and should show good fusion.

The 6G pipe position is the one used extensively for testing, since it qualifies thewelder for all position welding of pipe, grooves, and fillets.

When testing; it is advisable to remove the tacks instead of weld over them toensure penetration at the root. A wire wheel brush and grinder may be used tokeep each pass clean and prevent slag inclusions.

Although there are many Codes and Standards that govern the welding andtesting of Pipe, the one most widely used and recommended at the school is theAWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code.


16/16

The test for SMAW is usually a 6 inch schedule 80 pipe with an open root, and iswelded in the 6G position. This test qualifies the welder for welding filletsgrooves and pipe in all positions. Also qualifies the welder for pipe sizes from 4inches to unlimited and wall thickness from 3/16 inch to unlimited.

An optional SMAW test on 4 inch schedule 40 pipe in the 6G position qualifiesthe welder for all positions welding and pipe sizes from 3/4 to 4 inch with wallthickness from 1/8 to 3/4.

The pipe size recommended for GTAW Certification is the 4 inch sch 40 pipe.

http://deltaschooloftrades.com/supplemental_information_2.htm

Documents

Upplemental Information 2 Weld