US NAVY UAV

UAV

35( ) KDX- )

1 2 UAV

3 UAV 4 UAV 5

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1

, , . , (UAV : Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) .1) . 32 250 , 41 80 .2) , , . , 1964 8 AQM-34 Firebee , UAV (John Lehman) (1981~1987) UAV UAV Pioneer UAV .

1) , , , 4( ), 2004. p.380. 2) DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2005~2030(the office of the secretary of Defense. April. 2005), p.38.

236

UAV

Pioneer , , UAV 2005~2030 UAV . UAV , UAV , UAV .

2 UAV 1 (UAV) 1. (UAV) 3) (UAV) (Flight vehicle)4) , UAV (UAV) . . (UAV) RPV(Remotely Piloted Vehicle) (UAV) . (UAV) (UAV) .5)3) UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle) UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System) . 4) , (UAV) , 11 ( : , 2002), p.36. 5) , (UAV) , 2005 , , 2005, p.3.

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2. (UAV) , , , (, / ) . , , , . , , . . , (EO6)), TV, SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) , , (ELINT7)) , , .

3. (UAV) (UAV) , , , .8)

6) EO : Electro Optical. 7) ELINT : Electronic Intelligence. 8) , , 2005 , 2005, p. 10~12.

238

UAV

()

(CL: Close Range)

50km (3 ) 50~200km (8~12) 200~650km (12 ) 650~3,000km

Mark MK, Shmel, UAOS Pioneer, Hunter, Impact, Sky Eye R4E-50

(SR : Short Range)

(MR : Medium Range)

F-4 Predator, Heron , Condor, Global Hawk, Dark Star SR-71

(LR : Long Range)

(Low Altitude UAV)

20,000ft

, IR

Hunter, Aerosonde, outrider, Shadow

(MALE9))

20,000~45,000ft , R/D

Gnat 750, Model1000, Predator, Heron Dark Star, Global Hawk, Theseus, BQM-34, Altos

(HALE10))

45,000ft

R/D

9) MALE : Medium Altitude Long Endurance. 10) HALE : High Altitude Long Endurance.

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Drone

/ VCR ,

Harpy, Exdrone UTA UCAV

UAV VTOL MAV

2 (UAV) 1. (UAV) 11) 1910 1 , GM Bug 1930 Queen Bee , 1950, 1960 . 197011) , (UAV) , 36, 2004. p.120.

240

UAV

Lightning Bug Firefly . , , 1970 . , IAI , , , Pioneer Hunter, Predator, Global Hawk . . , , , , , , .

2. (UAV) 12) (UAV) . , (UAV) . (UAV) , 15% , , , , . (UAV) , . , 12) , (UAV) , 2005 , , 2005, p.9~12.

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. , (UAV) . (UAV) . 100kg (UAV) 1 (UAV) . , . , (UAV) , . , (UAV) . . , (UAV) , (UAV) , . (UAV) , (UAV) . (UAV) . (UAV) Outrider, Searcher (UAV) 200300kg TV FLIR13) , . 50kg . (UAV) .

13) FLIR : Forward Looking Infrared Radar.

242

UAV

(UAV) . (UAV) , .

3 UAV 1 UAV 1. UAV 1917 (Sperry)/(Curtiss) N-9 , , , , , . 1960 U-2 , 1970 (Acquila) , . , 1989 (UAV JPO, UAV Joint Program Office) . 1994 5 (DARO, Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office) 1998 .14)14) , , , 2006. p.261~262.

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1990 1999 , 30 . 2001 9 11(2003 ) UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System) 10 . 2010 675, 2015 1400(/ UAV ) UAV .15) MQ-1/ Predator RQ-2/ Pioneer General Atomics Pioneer UAV,Inc. 1994 1958 1996 1998 2004 1991 1997 1991 1999 2001 2002 IOC () () 60 35 0 7 2 35 0 90 0 0 0 99 99

2005 100+ 1986 2006 175 3 10 2 72 19

RQ-3/ Lockheed Martin DarkStar RQ-4/ G'Hawk RQ-4/ G'Hawk RQ-5/ Hunter RQ-6/ Outrider RQ-7/ Shadow200 RQ-8/ Fire Scout Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman Alliant Techsystems AAI Northrop Grumman

2003 100+ 2007 TBD 2005 5 5 10

MQ-9/ Predator B General Atomics CQ-10/ Snow Goose MMIST

UAV /

15) DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2005~2030(the office of the secretary of Defense. April. 2005), p.37.

244

UAV

UAS(Unmanned Aerial System)

UAS

2. UAV 40 UAV . UAV 5 ( 4, 1) .

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/ , , , , , // , , .16) (UAV) UAV , , .17)

,

/ , ,

Falconer(50~60)Aquila(70~80) Pioneer(80~00)Dragon Drone(90) Outrider(90)Shadow200(00) DASH(60)Project Blackfly(70) Pioneer(80~00)Fire Scout(00) Bikini(60)Pointer(80~90)Dragon Eye(00)

// Osprey(60)D-21(60)(80) DarkStar(90)JUCAS(00) Compass(60)Compass Dwell(70) Compass Cope(70)Condor(80) Global Hawk(90~00) UAV

16) DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2005~2030(the office of the secretary of Defense. April. 2005), p.41. 17) DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2002~2027(the office of the secretary of Defense. 2002)

246

UAV

Predator 1 3 11 2 10 7 5 8 6 9 14 13 12 4 -

Global Hawk 1 2 13 12 6 9 5 4 7 3 8 10 11 14 -

TUAV VTUAV Shadow200 Fire Scout 1 5 6 2 7 4 8 9 10 3 11 12 15 13 14 16 1 4 5 2 9 7 11 10 6 3 8 13 12 15 14 16

/CM // SAR(/) / / GPS

UAV (2003)

2 1. UAV . Tier ,

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, Tier .18) 3 (3 Levels) . (At the Top) , (In the Middle) , (At the Low) , . . (Upper Tier) 80,000ft , .19) , , (Foliagepenetrating) . , , . (BAMS20)) ( P-3C Orion) . (Stand-off) , (BAMS UAV) . . , .

18) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Military_UAV_tier_system. 19) In the near-term it could be the U.S. Air Force Global Hawk. See for Global Hawk specifications. 20) BAMS : Broad Area Maritime Surveillance.

248

UAV

, Northrop Grumman Global Hawk General Atomics Predator . 2009 4 .21) , () , - (Load) . (In-Flight Targets Update) . , . / , . , 2030 .22) . (Middle Tier) (The Defence Advanced Research Project Agency) .23) , 10 1,000 () .

21) (OPNAV) / Thomas J.Kilcline Jr . 22) SSG XVII Final Report, appendix G, Fuel Cell Driven Electric Propulsion for Aircraft, 17 June 1998, G1-G6, and Solar- powered unmanned aerial vehicles. 23) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Unmanned Combat Air vehicle Advanced Technology Demonstration (UCAV ATD) Phase I Selection Process Document MDA972-98-R-0003, . This vehicle has about a 34-foot wingspan, a 27-foot fuselage, and weighs approximately 8,000 pounds.

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. . (UCAV)24) . UCAV BAMS , 2 UCAV . (CNO) Kilcline UCAV , , . . . (Lower Tier) 100 10~15ft . . , . . . (Flattops) , . , . . .

24) UCAV : Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle.

250

UAV

2. UAV UAV 7 (Class AG) .25) UAV 20,000ft , Hunter, Aerosonde, Outsider, Shadow , UAV 20,00045,000ft, Gnat750, Model000, Predator, heron ,

UAV 45,000ft , Dark Star, Global Hawk, Theseus, BQM-34, Alots .

UAV

25) DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2005~2030(the office of the secretary of Defense. April. 2005), p.F-4.

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3 UAV 1. Global Hawk . 1998 40,000n , 2000 6 (ACTD) .26) Global Hawk 40,000n , , . 2001 11 Predator , 2003 4 .

2. Helios Helios Centurion 100,000ft , 1999 9 Helios . 96 UAV .

3. Predator Global Hawk Predator 26,000ft, 200kg Global Hawk . Global Hawk 1995 NATO 1999 , 2001 .26) , , , 2006. p. 268.

252

UAV

Predator . UAV GPS . Predator 40 , 500 25 . Predator , . Predator 26,000 . Predator (90Kts) (air defense) . Predator () KU . Predator , Predator . UAV QinetiQ Jaguar, F-14 F-16 Predator 2 . 1 UAV 2 AN/ARC-210 , 2 AH-1W , . Predator Shadow 200 UAV . 2004 RQ-1, MQ-1 Predator 3 12 (48 ) Predator MQ-9A Predator B , Predator C Predator 10 300 .27)27) , , , 2006. p.266.

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/

47.6ft / 130.9ft

/ 340kt / 32,2500lb Global Hawk (RQ-4B) / / / Helios / / Predator / 14~15hr NASA AV Inc 26.7ft / 48.7ft 118kt / 2,250lb 25,000ft 24hr / 500nm General Atomics Aeronautical System Inc. 60,000ft 28hr / 5,400nm Northrop Grumman 12ft / 62ft 21kts /l,175b 100,000ft

254

UAV

4. Pioneer Pioneer . AAI 1985 Pioneer 4 110Kts . , , . Pioneer Pioneer . Pioneer Pioneer . Pioneer 2 15,000 65 110 . Pioneer . . Pioneer C UHF (line of sight) . Pioneer LPD-4 . Pioneer , , . . Pioneer . Pioneer Pioneer . NATO

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. Pioneer NATO . Pioneer . , Pioneer . Northrop Grumman RQ-8 Fire Scout UAV (COBRA)28) , P3I RQ-2 Pioneer COBRA . Pioneer , . VTUAV . Pioneer , (UCARS : UAV Common Automatic Recovery System) .

5. X-45C X-47B X-45A X-47A UCAV29) .28) COBRA : Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis. 29) UCAV(Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle) : UCAV () . , .

256

UAV

ARPA30) UCAV X-45 X-47 . , 2015 UCAV , 2020 . . X-45 X-45 02. 5 (Autonomously) . Charlie Guthrie , . . . X-47 Northrop Grumman X-47 Pegasus 03. 2 (Naval Air Warfare Center) 12 . Northrop Grumman Pegasus Dave Mazur , (Handling Qualities) . .

/

14ft / 17ft 110kt / 452lb 15,000ft 5hr / 100nm Pioneer UAV, Inc.

/ Pioneer / 30) ARPA : Advanced Research Projects Agency.

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/

39ft / 49ft 460kt / 36,500lb 40,000ft 7hr / 1,200nm ,

/ X-45C / / / X-47B / 6. Fire Scout

Northrop Grumman 38ft / 62ft 460kt / 46,000lb 40,000ft 9hr / 1,600nm , Northrop Grumman

Fire Scout , (LCS : Littoral Combat Ship) . 12 11 .

7. Dragon Eye (Office of Naval Research) . , . (NRL) , .

258

UAV

4, 3, Dragon Eye. Dragon Eye 60 35. Dragon Eye 1 , . Dragon Eye . . 12 40 . Dragon Eye , , .

8. Aerosonde Aerosonde , $25,000 . , . (Office of Naval Research) .

/

22.9ft / 27.5ft 125kt / 3,150lb 20,000ft 6+h / 150nm / Northrop Grumman

/ Fire Scout (RQ-8B) /

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/

2.4ft / 3.8ft 35kts / 4.5lb 1,000ft 45~60min / 2.5nm Aero Vironment 5.7ft / 9.4ft 33lb 20,000ft 30hr / 1,000nm Aerosonde/Lockheed Martin

/ / / /

Dragon Eye

Aerosonde/

9. Dragon Warrior Dragon Warrior , , . UAV - . 35, . 230, 1 3 100Kts 75Km 1 .

260

UAV

10. FINDER FINDER , 2.6m, 27kg 6.1kg , SPIDE R31) .

11. BAMS BAMS 2008 . .

12. I-SURSS I-SURSS (SURSS : Small Unit Remote Scouting System).

4 UAV 1. 1990 50 . Pioneer. (Pioneer) 30 , 483 1,560 2 , 5 . 1998 (Predator) 48, (Pioneer) 5, (Hunter) 18 . 2002 Enduring Freedom32) Global Hawk

31) SPIDER 25x12.715.2cm 3.2kg . 32) Richard Myers .

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1,300 , UAV 33) 700 . 9.11 2003 . 11 , , 200, , (Pioneer) (Dragon Eye) (Tier)2, / .34)

UAV

, , , , . ,

33) Global Hawk 30 , 600 . 34) , , , 2006. p.107~115.

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UAV

(Route clearance), , , , CAS , , .

2. / km . . , . . , , . , , . , , . , , .

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4 UAV 1. UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System) 2005~2030 , ((UGV), (UMV) ) , , . , .

2. UAV , , 3 . () UAV . Predator, Global Hawk , , , Dragon Eye UAV . .

3. UAV RQ-1 Predator ,

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UAV

, , UAV . UAV .

4. (TCS) TCS Global Hawk , , (GCS) , C4I . . , UAV (GCS) TCS , (high width) UAV . UAV .

5

200~300km . UAV , , 1997~1999 , , 2000 .35) UAV (Smart UAV) 2 UAV , 35) , , DQAA-00-583-T, 2000.12, p.i.

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UAV .36) , UAV AAI Shadow 400 2003 3 . , .37) , . UAV , UAV Global Hawk Harpy, UAV Predator 1,898(11~16) . , . , , , UAV . 38) . (ISR), (C4I), Shooter() .39) , , , . ,

36) , , 5, 2007, p.69. 37) , , 2005 , 2005, p.56. 38) , 2015/, p.34~36, 68. 39) , : , , 761, 1999.

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UAV

40) .41) UAV . UAV . .

40) , , 2000, p.3-8~3-11. 41) , , , 2002.11.

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, , , 4( ), 2004. , (UAV) , 11 ( : , 2002). , (UAV) , 2005 , , 2005. , , 2005 , 2005, , (UAV) , 36, 2004. , , , 2006. , , 5, 2007. , , , 2002.11. , : , , 761, 1999. , , DQAA-00-583-T, 2000.12. , 2015 / , 1999. , , 2000 , , 21-11, 2004.6. DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2002~2027(the office of the secretary of Defense. 2002) DOD, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Roadmap 2005~2030(the office of the secretary of Defense. April. 2005)

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Documents

US NAVY UAV