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Science 10 Data Page 1
ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenicAstatineBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbonCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCopperCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermanium
Element Symbol
AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBhBBrCdCaCfCCeCsClCrCoCuCmDsDbDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGe
AtomicNumber
8913955118338556974
83107
5354820986
58551724272996
11010566996863
1009
87643132
GoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIronKryptonLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumMeitneriumManganeseMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeonNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorusPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassium
Element Symbol
AuHfHsHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMtMnMdHgMoNdNeNpNiNbNNoOsOPdPPtPuPoK
AtomicNumber
7972
1082
671
495377263657
103823
7112
10925
101804260109328417
102768
461578948419
PraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRoentgeniumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSiliconSilverSodiumStrontiumSulphurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTinTitaniumTungstenUraniumVanadiumXenonYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium
Element Symbol
PrPmPaRaRnReRhRgRbRuRfSmScSgSeSiAgNaSrSTaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr
AtomicNumber
59619188867545
1113744
1046221
1063414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040
RADIOACTIVITY SYMBOLS
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE ELEMENTS
00
01 e
01 ,
42 He
42 ,
10 n
11 p
11 H,
Data Page 2 Science 10
NO
N-M
ETAL
SM
ETAL
S
Ion
char
ge(s)
47.9
Titan
ium
3+Ti
4+22
Atom
ic M
ass
Nam
eSy
mbo
lAt
omic
Num
ber
PER
IODI
C TA
BLE
OF
THE
ELEM
ENTS
Alka
line
Earth
Met
als
Alka
liM
etal
sN
oble
Gas
esH
alog
ens
Base
d on
mas
s of C
-12
at 1
2.00
.
Any
valu
e in
par
enth
ese
sis
the
mas
s of
the
mos
tst
able
or b
est k
nown
isot
ope
for
ele
men
ts w
hich
do
not o
ccur
nat
ural
ly.(26
2)La
wren
cium
Lr3+
103
(259)
Nobe
lium3
+N
o2+
102
(258)
Mend
eleviu
m3+M
d2+
101
(257)
Ferm
iumFm
3+10
0
(252)
Eins
teiniu
mEs
3+99
(251)
Califo
rnium
Cf3+
98
(247)
Berke
lium4
+B
k3+
97
(247)
Curiu
m
Cm3+
96
(243)
Ameri
cium
Am
95
6+5+4+3+
5+3+6+4+
(244)
Pluton
iumPu94
6+4+3+5+
(237)
Neptu
nium
Np
93
5+4+6+
238.
0Ur
anium
U92
231.
0Pr
otacti
nium4+
Pa5+
91
232.
0Th
orium
Th4+
90
175.
0Lu
tetium
Lu3+
71
173.
0Yt
terbiu
m2+
Yb3+
70
168.
9Th
ulium
2+Tm
3+69
167.
3Er
bium
Er3+
68
164.
9Ho
lmium
Ho
3+67
162.
5Dy
spro
sium
Dy
3+66
158.
9er
bium
T
4+Tb
3+65
157.
3Ga
dolin
iumG
d3+
64
152.
0Eu
ropiu
m2+
Eu3+
63
150.
4Sa
mariu
m4+
Sm3+
62
(145)
Prom
ethium
Pm3+
61
144.
2Ne
odym
iumN
d3+
60
140.
9Pr
aseo
dymi
um4+Pr
3+59
140.
1Ce
rium
4+Ce
3+58
(266)
Meitn
erium
Mt
109
(265)
Hass
iumH
s10
8
(262)
Bohr
iumB
h10
7
(263)
Sg Seabo
rgium
106
(262)
Dubn
iumD
b10
5
(261)
Ruth
erfo
rdium
Rf
104
(227
)Ac
tiniu
mA
c3+
89
(226)
Radiu
mR
a2+
88
(223)
Fran
cium
Fr+
87
(222)
Rado
nR
n0
86
(210)
Astat
ineA
t
85
(209)
Polon
ium
4+Po
2+84
020
9.Bi
smuth
5+B
i3+
83
207.
2Le
ad
4+Pb
2+82
204.
4Th
allium
3+Tl
1+81
200.
6Me
rcury
1+H
g2+
80
197.
0Go
ld
1+Au
3+79
195.
1Pl
atinu
m
2+Pt
4+78
192.
2Irid
ium
4+Ir
3+77
190.
2Os
mium
4+O
s3+
76
186.
2Rh
enium
7+R
e4+
75
183.
8un
gsten
TW6+
74
180.
9an
talum
TTa5+
73
178.
5Ha
fnium
Hf
4+72
138.
9La
nthan
umLa
3+57
137.
3Ba
rium
Ba
2+56
132.
9Ce
sium
Cs+
55
131.
3Xe
non
Xe0
54
126.
9Iod
ineI
53
127.
6Te
lluriu
mTe
252
121.
8An
timon
y5+
Sb3+
51
118.
7Tin
2+Sn
4+50
114.
8Ind
iumIn3+
49
112.
4Ca
dmium
Cd2+
48
107.
9Sil
ver
Ag
+47
106.
4Pa
lladiu
m4+
Pd2+
46
102.
9Rh
odium
4+R
h3+
45
101.
1Ru
theniu
m4+
Ru
3+44
(98)
Tech
netiu
mTc
7+43
95.9
Molyb
denu
m3+M
o2+
42
92.9
Niob
ium
5+N
b3+
41
91.2
Zirco
nium
Zr4+
40
88.9
Yttriu
mY
3+39
87.6
Stron
tium
Sr2+
38
85.5
Rubid
iumR
b+
37
83.8
Kryp
tonK
r0
36
79.9
Brom
ineB
r
35
79.0
Selen
iumSe
234
74.9
Arse
nicA
s3
33
72.6
Germ
anium
Ge
4+32
69.7
Galliu
mG
a3+
31
65.4
ZincZn
2+30
63.5
Copp
er1+
Cu2+
29
58.7
Nick
el
3+N
i2+
28
58.9
Coba
lt
3+Co
2+27
55.8
Iron
2+Fe
3+26
54.9
Mang
anes
eM
n25
4+3+2+
52.0
Chrom
ium
2+Cr
3+24
50.9
Vana
dium4
+V
5+23
47.9
Titan
ium
3+Ti
4+22
45.0
Scan
dium
Sc3+
21
40.1
Calci
umCa
2+20
39.1
Potas
sium
K+
19
39.9
Argo
nA
r0
18
35.5
Chlor
ineCl
17
32.1
Sulph
urS
216
31.0
Phos
phor
usP
315
28.1
Silico
nSi14
27.0
Alum
inum
Al
3+13
24.3
Magn
esium
Mg
2+12
23.0
Sodiu
mN
a+
11
20.2
NeonNe
010
19.0
Fluor
ineF9
16.0
Oxyg
enO
8
2
14.0
Nitro
gen
N
73
12.0
Carbo
nC6
10.8
Boro
nB5
9.0
Beryl
lium
Be
+4
2
6.9
Lithiu
mLi3
+
4.0
Heliu
mH
e2
0
1.0
Hydr
ogen
H1
1.0
Hydr
ogen
H1+
(294)
Unun
octiu
mUu
o11
8
(?)Ununs
eptiu
mUu
s11
7
(292)
Unun
hexiu
mUu
h11
6
(288)
Uup
Unun
penti
um
115
(289)
Unun
quad
iumUu
q11
4
(284)
Unun
trium
Uut
113
(285
)Un
unbi
umUu
b11
2
(272)
Roen
tgeniu
mR
g11
1
(281)
Darm
stadti
umD
s11
0
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
17
18
Science 10 Data Page 3
1445
4424
4544
30
12
34
Aci
dic
Bas
icN
eutr
al
56
78
910
1112
1314
stom
ach
lem
ongr
ape
sto
mat
oes
bana
nas
milk
wate
regg
sba
king
soda
soa
pa
mm
on
iaov
en
clea
ner [OH
]
blea
ch
Met
hyl O
range
RED
YELLOW
Met
hyl R
edM
ethy
l Red
RED
YELLOW
Brom
thym
ol B
lue
YELLOW
BLUE
Litm
us
RED
BLUE
Phen
olph
thal
ein
COLOURLESS
PINK
Indi
go C
arm
ine
YELLOW
BLUE
[H+]
pH S
CALE
NH
3
Data Page 4 Science 10
Positive Ions
NAMES, FORMULAE AND CHARGES OF SOME POLYATOMIC IONS
Negative Ions
COMMON ISOTOPE PAIRS CHART
Isotope Half-life of Parent(years)
Carbon-14
Uranium-235
Thorium-235
Rubidium-87
Potassium-40
Uranium-238
Parent
Nitrogen-14
Lead-207
Argon-40
Lead-208
Strontium-87
Lead-206
5730
710 million
1.3 billion
14 billion
47 billion
4.5 billion
Daughter
NH4+ Ammonium NO2 Nitrite
ClO4 Perchlorate
MnO4 Permanganate
PO43 Phosphate
PO33 Phosphite
SO42 Sulphate
SO32 Sulphite
HCO3 Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate
HSO4 Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate
HS Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide
HSO3 Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite
OH Hydroxide
ClO Hypochlorite
NO3 Nitrate
CH3COO Acetate
CO32 Carbonate
ClO3 Chlorate
ClO2 Chlorite
CrO42 Chromate
CN Cyanide
Cr2O72 Dichromate
EQUATIONS OF MOTIONUNITS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
vav =dt
d = vav t
t = dvav
a =v
t
v = at
t = va
v
v
= vf vi
= vf vi
v= vi +vf
m
s
min
h
a
Symbol
metre
second
minute
hour
year
Unit
distance (d)
time (t)
Quantity
PREFIXES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca
Science 10 Data Page 5
THE
CARB
ON
CYCL
E
sea
su
rface
ga
s ex
chan
ge
sun
CELL
ULAR
RES
PIRA
TIO
N
P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S
DEC
OM
POSI
TIO
N
chan
ge in
land
use
(e.g.
a
gric
ultu
re)
DIA
GRA
M N
OT T
O SC
ALE
CO2
atm
osph
eric
CO2
1.5
0.5
9092
100
92
plan
t gro
wth
and
deca
y
6061
1600
ma
rine
life
5040
3
org
anic
mat
ter
in s
oil
terre
stria
lve
geta
tion
540
61
0
circ
ulat
ion
of
inte
rmedi
ate
and
deep
wa
ter
38 0
00
40
000
diss
olve
d org
anic
carb
on
700
foss
il fu
elco
mbu
stio
n
5.5
CO2 in
atm
osph
ere
750
m
arin
e se
dim
ents
and
sed
imen
tary
rock
68 0
00 0
00
100
000
000co
al
3000
oil
and
gas
depo
sit
300
CARB
ON
CYCL
E KE
Y
e.g.
10
0 9
2ca
rbon
exc
hang
ein
gig
aton
nes
per y
ear
e.g.
38
000
4
0 00
0ca
rbon
sto
res
in g
igat
onne
s
Data Page 6 Science 10
Perm
anent I
ce
Tundr
a
Tropi
cal R
ain
Fore
st
Tem
pera
te R
ain
Fore
st
Bore
al F
ore
st
Gra
ssla
nd
Des
ert
Tem
pera
te D
ecid
uous
Fore
st
BIO
MES
OF
THE
WO
RLD
N S
EWTrop
ic of
Can
cer 2
3.5
N
Equa
tor 0
Tropi
c of
Cap
ricor
n 2
3.5
S
Science 10 Data Page 7
Burgess shale deposited
Pangea forming
Multicellular life on land
Glaciers retreatGlaciers form at poles
Tropical climate at equator
Pangea breaking apart
Atlantic Ocean forming
Glaciation in Southern Hemisphere
Abundant deposition of organic material, source
of future fossil fuels
Red iron oxide deposits
Climate warmer than presentcausing higher sea level
Glaciation intensifies
Grand Canyon forming
Ice sheets advance thenretreat in Northern Hemisphere
Himalayan Mountains forming
Rocky Mountains forming
Beginning of modern ice ages
Single cell aquatic life
Multicellular aquatic life
Abundant fossils appear in rock record
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Cambrian
Oligocene
Dates according to Geological Time Scale, 1999. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3040. It is recognized that there is some variation in the dates given in the literature.
ERA
4600
LITHOSPHERETECTONIC PLATE MAPS
Holocene
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Eocene
Paleocene
CENOZOIC
MESOZOIC
PALEOZOIC
PRECAMBRIAN
Quaternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
55
65
145
200
251
300
355
418
441
490
544
Ordovician
PERIOD EPOCH TIME (Ma)
0.01
1.6
5.3
24
34
Formation of the Earth
GEOLOGICAL TIME
Time Ma
540 Ma
400 Ma
270 Ma
Pangea
150 Ma
40 Ma
Present
Data Page 8 Science 10
DIA
GRA
M N
OT T
O SC
ALE
Diff
ere
nt s
ourc
es w
ill pr
ovid
e va
ryin
g in
form
atio
n.plan
t and
anim
al w
ast
erunoff
and
leac
hing
deco
mpo
sers
min
ing
(phos
phate
ferti
lizers
and
dete
rgen
ts)
phos
phat
ein
soi
l
phos
phat
e ro
ckswe
ath
erin
g
geol
ogic
uplift
diss
olve
d in
wate
rway
s sha
llow
oce
an
sedi
men
ts
plan
t and
anim
al
wast
e
THE
PHO
SPHO
RUS
CYCL
E
PHO
SPHO
RUS
CYCL
E KE
Y
nu
mbe
rs re
pres
ent s
tore
d a
mo
un
ts in
milli
ons
of m
etric
to
ns (1
012g)
4000
nu
mbe
rs re
pres
ent f
low
s in
milli
ons
of m
etric
tons
(10
12g)
per y
ea
r20
0
fish
harv
est
10
100
50
1000
7
.01
2
20 0
00 0
00 0
00
4000
200
10 0
00
60
000
100
000
000
ferti
lize
rs
oce
an
diss
olvin
g
oce
an
se
dim
ents
leac
hing
in
to s
oil
soil
fresh
wa
ter
terre
stria
lo
rgan
isms
min
eabl
eph
osph
ate
Earth
s cr
ust
200
upt
ake
by
terre
stria
l o
rgan
isms
marin
elife
guan
o bi
rdis
land
sindu
stria
lw
ast
e
we
ath
erin
g
Science 10 Data Page 9
DIA
GRA
M N
OT T
O SC
ALE
N I T R O G E N F I X A T I O N
D E N I T R I F I C A T I O N
C O N V E R S I O N T O G A S
S E D I M E N T A T I O N
U P T A K E B Y P L A N T S
NH
4+
NH
4+
NH
3N
O, N
O2
NH
3
Atm
osph
ere:
pr
imar
ily N
2 w
ith tr
ace
s of N
H 3, N
O, N
O2
nitr
ogen
-fixin
gso
il ba
cter
ianitr
ifyin
gba
cter
ia
ash
aci
d pr
ecip
itatio
nH
NO
3
deco
mpo
sers
(bacte
ria a
nd fu
ngi)
diss
olve
d N
H4+
, N
O3
NH
4+, N
O3
N2
N2
NO
3
N2,
NH
3, N
O, N
O2,
NO
3
plan
ts
sew
age
and
ferti
lizers
nitr
ifyin
gba
cter
ia
deni
trify
ing
bact
eria
nitr
ogen
oxi
des
from
transp
orta
tion
and
indu
stry
deca
ying
plan
tand
anim
al w
ast
e
ATM
OSP
HERI
C FI
XATI
ON
(lightn
ing)
ferti
lizer
app
licat
ion
nitr
ogen
-fixin
gba
cter
ia in
root
nodu
les
of le
gum
es
NO
2N
O3
NH
4+, N
O3
NH
4+
NO
3
NIT
RIF
ICAT
ION
NIT
RIF
ICAT
ION
UPTA
KE B
Y PL
ANTS
NIT
ROG
EN F
IXAT
ION
LEAC
HIN
G
AND
RUN
OFF
THE
NIT
ROG
EN C
YCLE
Data Page 10 Science 10
MAP OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
LEGENDTransform boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
Plate movement
Volcanoes
N
SE
W
SAN ANDREAS FAULTDENALI FAULT
STIKINEVOLCANICBELT
ANAHIMVOLCANICBELT
QUEE
NCH
ARLO
TTE
FAUL
T
YUKONN.W
.T.B.C.
ALBE
RTA
ALAS
KA
JUAN
DE FU
CA
RIDGE
JUAN DE FUCAPLATE
Mt. Baker
Mt. St. Helens
Yellowstone
EXPLORER PLATE
EXPLORER RIDGE
GORD
A RIDG
E
GORDAPLATE
WASH.MONTANA
OREGONIDAHO
CALIF.
CASC
ADE
VOLC
ANOE
S
NORTHAMERICAN
PLATE
PACIFICPLATE
WYO
MIIN
G
SASK
.
NEVADAUTAH
ARIZONA
COLO
RADO
ALEUTIAN TR
ENCH
Science 10 Data Page 11
TECT
ONI
C PL
ATE
BOUN
DARI
ES M
AP
Juan
De
Fuca
Plat
e
Pacif
ic Pl
ate
Nazc
a Pl
ate
Coco
s Pl
ate
EastPacificRise
Mid-
Atlantic Ridge
Eura
sian
Plat
e
Afric
anPl
ate
Plat
e
Plat
e m
ovem
ent r
elat
ive
to th
e Af
rican
Pla
te
Anta
rctic
Pla
te
Volc
anoe
s
Mou
ntai
nsCo
nverg
ent b
ound
ary
Div
erge
nt b
ound
ary
N S
WE
Tran
sfor
m b
ound
ary
Indi
an-A
ustra
lian
Nor
th A
mer
ican
Pla
te
Sout
hAm
eric
anPl
ate
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