Vesi Ja Uimavesi-Eng

7/23/2019 Vesi Ja Uimavesi-Eng

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vesi-ja-uimavesi-eng 1/20

9/10/2015 There is a slide title

https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f 1/20

Page 1

Drinking and bathing water monitoring

Page 2

Ken monitors

http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?node=6740&lan=fi

https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&prev=_t&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp%3Fnode%3D6740%26lan%3Dfi





The quality of drinking water in the amount of social welfare and

Ministry of Health (STM), which has adopted Regulation

461/2000 of drinking water quality standards and

surveillance studies. The Regulation entered into force on 26.5.2000 and

it annulled the provisions of Regulation 74/1994.

The quality of drinking water and its control were required to bring new

in accordance with Regulation 12.25.2003 at the latest.

Health protection authorities from carrying out

supervision was removed from the raw water monitoring responsibilities

Page 3

Household water





Page 4Page 5Page 6Page 7Page 8Page 9Page 10Page 11

Swimming pools and hygiene

Page 12

Who supervises?

Public beaches and swimming pools in water quality

control is part of the municipal health protection authority

tasks.

Also, the beach auxiliary facilities, structures and equipment





is monitored, that they present no health hazard

swimmers.

See also:

http://www.valvira.fi/ohjaus_ja_valvonta/terveydensuojelu/

Pool water

Page 13

Swimmers source of infection

the entire surface of the skin

leach into the water from the skin surface bacteria and ihosieniä.

mucous membranes

rectal

urethra

In one experiment, a person was in the tub, where the water was 150 liters.

Within five minutes of subjects were washed without soap

water 600 million. bacteria.

Page 14





When a person washes himself in the shower, the skin surface is washed 100 000 000

- 3 000 000 000 bacteria.

It is estimated that 1 ml of saliva contains 20 000 000 - 400 000 000

bacteria.

Mucous membranes form the surface of the skin after the next major

bacterial source.

Skin and mucous membranes to water of bacteria are often mucus

covered

therefore relatively well resistant bacteria disinfectants

effects.

Page 15

Such slime-covered bacteria floating in the pool of water in general

on the surface and on bathers' point of view this is quite a hygienic significance

Personal hygiene and its associated culture are toilet

One of the most important hygienic problems of bathing waters.

It is estimated that one gram of feces up to 100 billion

bacteria





careless washing after using the toilet

cause quite a load of hygienic swimming pool

Page 16

Although urine usually is germ free, forms of bathers'

liraukset "basin excess nitrogen load. According to estimates,

Each swimmer lirauttaa into the pool for a swim when 50-60 ml of urine.

Urine ammonia to form together with the added chlorine in the pool

with chloramination. Desinfektioteho of these compounds is substantially

worse than the free active chlorine and provide eyes and

other irritation of mucous membranes and cause aversive

indoor swimming pool odor.

Page 17

According to one estimate, even after your bath, in-depth

pool passes for one swimmers still about 35 million. bacteria and





120 mg of organic matter, for example. epithelial cells of the skin.

Before entering the pool executable careful not

Bath & Shower can not completely prevent water contamination.

Some estimates suggest that up to a hundredth of a swimmer could work

pathogenic bacteria carrier

Page 18

One of the most important special features of swimming pool water bacteria is their

chlorine resistance.

Assessing the effect of the disinfectant effect of time is crucial

Escherichia coli is the most common indicator of bacterial hygienic bathing waters

space observation

E. coli bacteria in 100% destruction of the required chlorine

concentration will depend on the water temperature, pH, and the organic substance

quantity and quality.

The more water is of organic material, the greater part of the

chlorine is consumed for oxidation of this substance

Bathing water and disinfection





Page 19

The pH of the water's effect manifests itself in such a way that the higher the pH, the

more chlorine needed to kill the bacteria, so disinfection

it has to be as low as pH-value affordable.

In general, the free chlorine content of 0.4 mg / L is sufficient

to destroy the E. coli bacterium almost 100% for one minute

the effect of time.

Ozone:

Ozone is produced on-site swimming pool of dried air

Ozonator The electrical discharge form. The ozone-containing air

is dissolved in water.

Page 20

Our indoor swimming pools is the average ozone dosage is usually

0.3 - 0.6 g / m.

The starting point is in Finland always been that ozone is used

swimming pool water treatment plant, but it will be removed from the water before





basin management.

Removal is normally accomplished through activated charcoal.

Since the pools must be a disinfectant, dispenses water also

chlorine.

Ozonation and chlorination are not mutually exclusive and disinfection

for oxidation.

Page 21

The use of ozone for cleaning swimming water based on the fact that

ozonating the water quality is influenced in such a way that the chlorination

operating conditions are improved.

Most micro-organisms, in particular with respect to viruses, ozone

more effective than chlorine disinfection method.

However, there are organisms that are more resistant to ozone than chlorine

against

Overall, it is the case of disinfection of ozone and chlorine,

Concomitant use of inexpensive and can be a wealth loaded

indoor swimming pools to maintain excellent swimmers pleasant water quality.





Page 22

Staphylococci

Staphylococci cause a variety of diseases that occur predominantly

on the skin and a minor extent, also mucous membranes, respiratory tract, or

the nasal passages

Staphylococci are the most common bacteria encountered in bathing waters. They

resistant to chlorine relatively well. Their presence

the possibility can not be detected E. coli assay

Streptococci

Normally, streptococci (Streptococcus salivarius) excreted in the mouth

and mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx. Similarly, S. faecalis

origin of the bacteria of the intestine

Found in swimming pools microbes and their health

importance

Page 23

Pneumococci

Pneumococci may occur bathing waters, although their

the probability is low. They do not tolerate very well

chlorine

Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium balnei, swimming pool mycobacterial has caused

According to literature, a number of cases, mainly chronic

uimareissa ulcers.





Salmonella

There is little found in bathing waters. The reason for this, Salmonella lasts

poor chlorine.

Page 24

If a bathing water meets the hygienic requirements

coliform ratio does not have the Salmonella

germs.

In order to get infected with Salmonella, the swimmer must be swallowed

a relatively large dose of Salmonella germs.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

It is one of the most important bathers borne bacterial and

also the most common spreading through the bathing waters pathogenic

bacterium (Pipes, 1978)

It has been shown to cause diseases, especially

whirlpools käyneissä persons.

Page 25





Chlamydia

It takes a relatively low chlorine, so it is eliminated

generally effective for disinfection.

This pathogen must therefore question mainly only

inadequately chlorinated swimming pools.

Leptospira

On the very rare swimming pools spreading

pathogenic bacterium.

Trichomonas

Can be considered as one possible bathers' health

endanger eliönä

Page 26

Amoebas

These organisms can withstand relatively well chlorine.

Kloramiinikonsentraatio 2 mg / l to kill them until two

hours life time.

It has been suggested that the swimming pool water temperature should be

kept <+ 25 ° C, since below this temperature

eg. Naegleria fowleri is unable to reproduce.

Fungal Diseases

Various fungal diseases are spreading studies, swimming clubs





through

Norovirus spreads through swimming clubs

Page 27

Critical places are constantly wet areas such as washrooms and flooring

the lowest levels in the steam room and the floors.

The indoor swimming pool facilities in temperature and humidity provide favorable conditions

microbes

Detergent selection should pay attention to. Alkaline

detergent disinfectant is effective against both the body and the dirt that yleislikaan

disinfects at the same time.

Roll-in shower room, washroom, toilets as dressing should be

clean disinfectant detergent.

Page 28

Hot Tubs





Whirlpools properties favor of pathogenic bacteria such as

Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth.

Legionella can be spread through aerosolization and poreallasveden

cause respiratory infections.

Whirlpool spas are characterized by a small amount of water relative to kylpijämäärää, water

high temperature (36-40 ° C), high load and efficient aeration.

Warm air poreallasvedessä of human origin

bacteria, including pathogens multiply easily.

In addition, efficient poreistus bathers removed from the skin effectively

impurities.

Page 29

Careful washing is important before taking a bath.

Cleaning of the pools will also pay special attention to

the organic dirt is removed.

Sources:

Seppänen, H. Water Hygiene and Disinfection

Of the environment and health. 5/87





Page 30

Legionella

Page 31Page 32

Features

Gram-negative rods





general of fresh water bacteria

humans live inside white blood cells

is not part of normal flora of man

work enrichers use of water and distribution systems

as well as air conditioning ducts

Legionella pneumophila famous

Page 33

Adhesion and Epidemiology

thrive in humid and warm conditions

adhesion is obtained from the water vapor of aerosol particles

through which inhaled in the lungs

direct contact with water eg. a wound area possible

infection does not spread from person to person

In Finland, from 1979 tot. approx. 300 cases (usually

from the south returns on tourists)





Page 34

Infections

Legionella pneumonia

L. pneumiphila cause

The incubation period: 2-10 day

Symptoms: mm. fever, cough, chest pain, headache,

confusion, abdominal pain, bradycardia, pulmonary changes

x-ray

the disease progresses rapidly

predisposing factors: immunosuppression, cancer,

lowered resistance, AIDS, asthma

Page 35

... Continued

Pontiac fever

L. pneumophila causes

The incubation period: 1-2 day

symptoms: fast start, similar to the symptoms of flu





(muscle pain, fever, cough, headache)

milder legionellosis

Page 36

Laboratory Diagnostics

Cultivation

2-10 days

requires special culture media and conditions

are mm. sputum, biopsies, imulimasta, BAL

fluid

Direct immunofluorescence staining

the fastest diagnostic method

to find all the L. pneumophila serotype 14

posit. Result 100% specific

not as sensitive as cultivation

Page 37





... Laboratory diagnostics

Indirect immunofluorescence

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

high specificity

not as sensitive as cultivation

EIA, RIA, latexagglutinaatiotestit

Serology

is low, suitable for epidemiological

follow-up

Page 38

Medications and Sensitivity

Several types of induction of resistance to penicillin and cephalosporins

The best antibiotic erythromycin

power is based on its ability to penetrate inside macrophages,

where Legionella bacteria multiply




The duration of treatment approx. 3 weeks

Documents

Vesi Ja Uimavesi-Eng