VI SINH VAT HOC 2

7/29/2019 VI SINH VAT HOC 2

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Vi sinh vt hc i cung

General Microbiology


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TS. Mai Th Hng:

T: 8.362990

Ging Vin


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PGS- TS.Vng Trng Ho:

T: 8245804


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T CNSH - Vi Sinh:T: 7682252


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Ni dung chng trnh:

Chng I- M u, th gii vi sinh vt (3tit)

Chng II- a dng vi sinh vt (12 tit)Chng III- Virt hc (4 tit)

Chng IV- Dinh dng, Sinh trng v pht

trin ca vi sinh vt (3 tit)


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Chng V- Trao i cht vi sinh vt,cc qu trnh ln men (8 tit)

Chng VI- Vi sinh vt quang hp v visinh vt c nh N2 (4 tit)

Chng VII- Di truyn v bin d visinh vt (5 tit)

Chng VIII- i cng v qu trnhnhim khun v min dch (6 tit)


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Ti liu tham kho:

1.Nguyn Thnh t- Vi sinhhc tp 1 (2000), tp 2(2001) NXB Gio dc


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2. Nguyn Ln Dng v CS.Vi Sinh Vt hc. NXBGD.2000


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Google hoac YahooVietscienceVietscience 1Kho

cu, Nguyn Ln Dnghttp:/ /vietsciences.net vhttp://vie

tsciences.free.frNguyn Ln Dng
http://vietsciences.net/http://vietsciences.free.fr/http://vietsciences.free.fr/http://vietsciences.free.fr/http://vietsciences.free.fr/http://vietsciences.net/


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3. Prescott, Harley, Klein

Microbiology, 2005

Six Edition


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http://www.mhhe.co

m/biosci/cellmicro/prescott/index.mhtmlXem: Student

Learning Center


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4. Thomas Brock. Biologyof Microorganisms. 2005

(10 Edition)


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Chng I. M u, th gii visinh vt (3 tit)

Yu cu ca Chng 1

Nm c cc ni dung

chnh sau y:


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1. Cc khi nim: Vi sinh vt hc, VSV2. Cc chuyn ngnh vi sinh hc

3. Lch s pht trin VSV hc4. Vai tr ca vi sinh vt.


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I. Cc khi nim:1.Vi sinh vt:-C kch thc nh,

-Khng nhn thy bng mt thng,

-n bo hoc a bo- Thuc cc nhm phn loai khcnhau: prokaryotic hoc

eukaryotic


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2.Vi sinh vt hc: l ngnh khoa hc

nghin cu v cc nhm sinh vt


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Cc nhm vi sinh vt

chnh1. Nhm vi sinh vt Prokaryotic- Vi khun: (Bacteria, x khun,

Cyanobacteria, Myxobacteria, SpirochaeteRicketsiae, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)


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Vi sinh vt c (Archaea):

-Methanobacteria,-Hallobacteria

-Thermobacteria


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2. Nhm vi sinh vt Eukaryotic:

Vi nm: nm si, Nm men- To n bo-Nguyn sinh ng vt


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3. Nhm VSV khng c cu to tbo:Virus, Viroids v Virusoid.


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c im chung ca cc nhm visinh vt.

1. C kch thc nh b

2. C KN hp thu nhiu v chuyn hanhanh

3. Sinh trng nhanh, pht trin mnh


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4. C nng lc thch ng mnhv d dng pht sinh bin

d (10-6 - 10-10)5. Phn b rng, chng loi nhiu


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6)L sinh vt xut hin u tin trn

tri t

Vt tch vi khun lam cch y 3,5 tnm


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Thc vt: 0.5 triu, /vt: 1.5 triu

Vi sinh vt 200.000 loi90.000 loi nm,15. 000 loi vi khun100 000 loi protista

2500 loi vi khun lam 4000 loi virut

II C l h NC i i h t


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II.Cc lnh vc NC ca vi sinh vthc:

II.1. Chuyn su v cc nhm VSV:

+Vi khun hc -Bacteriology-

+Nm hc_ Mycology

+Tohc- -Phycology+NS ng vt hc: Protology

+Virut hoc-Virology-


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II.2. Chuyn su v cu to v chc

nng

-T bo hc VSV -M. cytology

-Sinh l hc vsv. -M. Physiology

-Sinh thi hc VSV -M. ecology-Phn loi hc VSV-M. taxonomy

-Sinh hc VSV (Vi sinh hc i cng):-Biology of Microorganisms.

II 3 Ch hi


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II.3. Chuyn nghin cu ngdng

-Medical Microbiology: Vi sinh vt y hc

-Food Microbiology: VSV hc thc phm

-Agriculture: Vi hc nng nghip

-Enviromental Microbiology- VSV hc MT


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-Soil Microbiology: VSV t

-Industrial Microbiology: VSV hc

CN

-Imunnology: Min dch hc


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Lch s pht trin ca vi sinh vthc:

I.Giai on pht hin Vi sinh vt:

cim: Ch dng s phthin ra cc loi hnh thi ca ccnhm vSV.

Cc nh khoa hc: 1. A. Lovenhuc

1. T.T. Terkhpxkii


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1. Lovenhuc (AntoniLeeuwenhook 1683-1723) ngi

u tin nhn

thy VSV.Ngi ghi trang u tin lch s phttrin vi sinh vt hc


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KHV ca Lovenhuc v hnh dng vi


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KHV ca Lovenhuc v hnh dng vikhun trong khoang ming

II Gi i i h l h i i h


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II.Giai on sinh l hc vi sinhvt:

c im :

-Pht hin v i su nghin cu v hot

ng sinh l sinh ho ca vi sinh vt-Pht trin v hon thin cc phng phpnghin cu VSV

-t nn mng cc cho ngnh Vi Sinh Vthc hin i


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1. Louis Pasteur (Lui Paxt) -1822-1895v s pht trin rc r ca vi sinh vthc

+ ng t ca ngnh vi sinh hc thcnghim:(Cng ngh sinh hc truynthng)


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-1857. Bn cht ca enzym

-1861 ph nh thuyt t sinh

-Cuc u tranh chng bnh truyn

nhim1885- Vaxin phng di, pht trin nguyn lto vacxin (1887)Liu php Vaxin

as eur- a er o cro o ogy


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as eur a er o cro o ogy

Cuc tranh lun v bn cht ca enzym.

1.Louis Pasteur v cu tinh ca ngnh r-u vang Php (1857)

Chnh bn thn Napoleon III nh Pasteur cu gipngnh ru vang ni ting ca Php khi s ph sn. Vi KHVtrong tay Pasteur nhn thy tc nhn ln men ru ( nmmen) v tc nhn gy hng ru. ng a ra phng php boqun ru vang bng un ru khi ru t ngon

Nhng kt lun kh c ca Louis


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Nhng kt lun khc ca LouisPasteur rt ra t khm ph VSV ln

men ru.- S sng khng cn oxy(Anaerobic Microbes)

-Mi qu trnh ln men do 1 lai visinh vt gy ra


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xut phng php thanh

trng Cc vi sinh vt trong ru, bia, sa c

th b tiu dit bng nhit 60-80oC

( Phng php thanh trng Pasteur)


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2. Pasteur- Ngi ph nh thuytt sinh - nh mt nh kinng tr lu i trong tm khmca loi ngi.

-Fransecso redi (1687) chng minh

khng c s t sinh cn trng

Thuyt t sinh: S sng sinh ra t cc

vt cht khng sng

Th nghim ca Redi


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Th nghim ca Redi

ru

i

Tht

Trngrui

Di

Btkn

Khng cdi

Ph xmn h

Di trnmt x


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Mt cu hi t ra lc by gi:Nc tht luc vi ngy thy

b c do vi sinh vt pht trin.


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Vy n u ra?

-Vi sinh vt t sinh?-Hay t mt mm sng lc u?


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1748John Needham (Linh mc ngiAnh) cho rng vi khun sinh ra t n-c tht.


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Lazzarro Spallanzani 1767- Mtthy tu ngi chng minh rngnu nc tht nu k v y

kn th khng c Vi sinh vt.


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Nhng vn cha lt cthuyt t sinh


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Cu hi tho lun:

-V sao L. Spallazani khng phnh cthuyt t sinh???


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Nm 1861 bng mt th nghim ngin Louis Pasteur lt thuytt sinh


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Cu hi tho lun:

Phn tch th nghim caLouis Paster v chng minh

khng c s t sinh vi sinhvt.


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1877 - John Tyndall thykhiun si c kh nhiu gi v ykn vn c vi khun pht trin.


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Thuyt t sinh vn

ng Vi Sinh vt????Lui Paster sai????


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1877 - Ferdinand Cohn chng minhVikhun c th sinh ni bo t,

"endospores, rtbn vi tc ng canhit


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1877. JohnTyldall dp tt

hon ton thuyt t sinhbngphng phng php hp gin on

Cu hi tho lun:


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Cu hi tho lun:

Hy phn tch PP thanhtrng ca Tilldal


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un si 30 pht 100oC

un si 30 pht 100oC

trong t m 24h

trong t m 24h

un si 30 pht 100oCKhng cn VSV


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3. Pasteur v hc thuyt v

mm bnh. Cuc u tranhchng bnh truyn nhim:Liu php vacxin-Thi c: Bnh tt do cht c v sbt cn bng ca 4 kinh lc: Mu, Pleg,

Yellow Bile, v lack bile).

1835 A ti B i (B h t


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1835 Agostino Bassi (Bnh tmvng do nm Beauvaria gy ra).

1845 Berkerley Bnh mkhoai ty: Potato Bline.


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T nghin cu bnh ca Ru vangPasteur 1857 ln u tin a ra thuyt

mm bnh (Germ Theory) do vi sinhvt

Nm 1857- Bnh tm vng do

Microspora (Nosema bombyc is) -NSDV khng c ty tth mitochondri -gy ra


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1867 Lister

- a ra gi thuyt mm bnh vikhun ngi- pp thanh trng phu thut phenol


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Ngi u tin chng minh trc tipvi sinh vt gy bnh l Kock Robert,

1876

Pasteur ngi t nn mng cho


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Pasteur ngi t nn mng chongnh Min dch hc hin i (liu

php vacxin):-Vacxin phng t g

-Vacxin phng bnh than cho giasc c sng

-Vacxin phng bnh di

Edward Jenner (1749 1832) Ngi u tin


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Edward Jenner (1749-1832) Ngi u ti np dng liu php vacxin phng bnh

Jennner lym u btim phng

bnh u macho ngi.

ng thnhcng

G


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II.2. Giai on sau Lui Pasteur:

- Tip tc pht hin vi sinh vt gybnh

-Hon thin cc phng php nghin cu

vi sinh vt c bit l lnh vc y hoc.

-ng dng vi sinh vt trong thc tin.


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Cc nh khoa hc ng ch ca

giai on ny:

1 Robert Koch ( 1843-1910): Robert


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1. Robert Koch ( 1843-1910): RobertKoch Bc s ngi c ngi pht trin s

nghin cu Vi sinh tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc1. Nguyn l mm bnh, phthin ra vi khun thn, vi khunlao v vi khun t

2. Ci. tin phng php nghincu vi sinh vt: Thanh trng bngni hp, phn lp vi sinh vt trn

mi trng rn, t nn mngcho nghin cu phn loi vi sinhvt

1876 Robert Koch (1843-1910) ln u tin
http://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htm


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( ) chng minh bnh than do vi khun Bacillusanthracisgy nn.

B. anth racis bnh than
http://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/khoahoc/microbiologie/anthax.htm


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Kock l ngi u tin pht hinravi khun laoMycobacter iumtuberculosis, M . bovis, M . afr icanum

C khong 1/7 cc trng hp cht Chu u (1/3 ngi tr)

Nga nay c ti 1 t ngi trn TG, trongmi nm cht 3 triu

M. Tubercu los is (KHV x1000)


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Khun lc ca M.tuberculos is

T bo M.tuberculos is

TEM X 100. 000


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Koch l ngi u tin a ra

nguyn lchng minh mmbnh l vi sinh vt.
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=mouse/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=9/SS=i/OID=d6f667394febb13c/SIG=1f1r7r67f/EXP=1136359880/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3F_adv_prop%3Dimages%26imgsz%3Dall%26imgc%3D%26vf%3Dall%26va%3Dmouse%26fr%3DFP-tab-web-t%26ei%3DUTF-8&w=640&h=480&imgurl=www.dawnanddrew.com%2Fdrew%2Fphotolog%2Fimages%2Fdead_mouse.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawnanddrew.com%2Fdrew%2Fphotolog%2Farchives%2Fdead_mouse%2Findex.php&size=76.0kB&name=dead_mouse.jpg&p=mouse&type=jpeg&no=9&tt=700,346&ei=UTF-8


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1

2

3

4

Nguyn l ca Kock v c c t c nhn gy
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=mouse/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=9/SS=i/OID=d6f667394febb13c/SIG=1f1r7r67f/EXP=1136359880/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3F_adv_prop%3Dimages%26imgsz%3Dall%26imgc%3D%26vf%3Dall%26va%3Dmouse%26fr%3DFP-tab-web-t%26ei%3DUTF-8&w=640&h=480&imgurl=www.dawnanddrew.com%2Fdrew%2Fphotolog%2Fimages%2Fdead_mouse.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawnanddrew.com%2Fdrew%2Fphotolog%2Farchives%2Fdead_mouse%2Findex.php&size=76.0kB&name=dead_mouse.jpg&p=mouse&type=jpeg&no=9&tt=700,346&ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=mouse/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=9/SS=i/OID=d6f667394febb13c/SIG=1f1r7r67f/EXP=1136359880/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3F_adv_prop%3Dimages%26imgsz%3Dall%26imgc%3D%26vf%3Dall%26va%3Dmouse%26fr%3DFP-tab-web-t%26ei%3DUTF-8&w=640&h=480&imgurl=www.dawnanddrew.com%2Fdrew%2Fphotolog%2Fimages%2Fdead_mouse.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawnanddrew.com%2Fdrew%2Fphotolog%2Farchives%2Fdead_mouse%2Findex.php&size=76.0kB&name=dead_mouse.jpg&p=mouse&type=jpeg&no=9&tt=700,346&ei=UTF-8


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Nguy n l ca Kock v cc tc nhn gybnh1. Vi sinh vt gy bnh phi c mt trong cc c th

b bnh, nhng khng c mt cc c th khe mnh

2. phi phn lp c cc tc nhn gy bnht c th dng thun chng trn mi trng thch

3. Khi a cc tc nhn gy bnh vo c th khe mnh

phi gy c bnh in hnh nh c th m n cly ra

4. Phi phn lp li c tc nhn gy bnh t cc c thnhim ny

Nguyn l ca Kock mc phn


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g y pt

1. Cc c im ca gen gy bnh phi lin quan

nhiu n cc chng gy bnh hn cc chng khnggy bnh2. Lm bt hot gen gy bnh hoc lin i gy bnhphi thy gim hot lc gy bnh


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3. Thay cc gen t bin bng cc gen gy bnhhoang d ca n phi dn n s gy bnh inhnh4. Cc gen m ha kh nng gy bnh phi c biuhin nhng thi im nht nh trong qu trnhnhim v gy bnh

5. Khng th ca c th phi th hin kh nng chngli sn phm ca gen gy bnh .


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Kock l ngi u tin a ra phng php nuicy vi sinh vt trn mi trng c.

1881- Robert Koch nui cy thun khit c vi

khun trn mi trng c cha gelatin, sau thay bng thch.

Dt nn mng cho ngnh phn loi vi khun

Koch v CS cng vi phng th


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Koch v CS cng vi phng thnghim ca L . Pas teur hon

thin+ Cc dng c v cc phng php dng cho nghin cu vi sinhvt...

+Cc phng php v trng mi trng nui cy, cc dng c nhque trang , que cy

1887. R.J. Petri Tm ra dng c


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1887. R.J. Petri T m ra dng cdng phn lp vi sinh vt : Hp

lng mang tn ng l hp Petri

Nui cy trn mi trng dch thNui cy trn mi trng dch th


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Sambeclanh (Shamberland) 1884: phu lc vikhun


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khun.


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1884 - Hans Christian Gram


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1884 Hans Christian Grama ra phng php nhum phn

bit vi khun Gram (G-. G+)

-T ny sinh tng: to vin


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y gn diu k (MAGIC BULLET)

- Cht salvarsal (thch tn) dit vkgiang mai, l vin gch u tin ca

ngnh KS hc hin i

Ph t hin thc bo (I I


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- Pht hin thc bo (I.I.Metchnickov)-1891. pht hin ra h thngmin dch dch th ( Emil von

Behringm 1854-1917)Shibasaburo

Kisato 19582- 1931) Mien dichdich the.


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-Nh c c cc dng c v cc phngphp nghin cu cho nn phn lp -

c cc vi sinh vt dng thun chng(pure culture) v bt u phn loi

c chng.-T hng lot vi khun gy bnh ckhm ph:


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1884 Bnh Diphtheria (Friederich Loeffler)

1884 Vi khun st Typhoid (Georg Gaffky)

1885 Lu cu Gonorrhea ()

1886 Ph cu Pneumonia ()

Trc khun hi Hansen


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Trc khun hi : Mycobacter ium leprae14 tr iu Chu , M 4000, hng n m c thm 200-330 n


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1894- Kitasato v Yersin khm phra vi khun gy bnh dch hch(Yersina pestis).

2 L h Vi i h t
http://vietsciences.free.fr/biographie/biologists/yersin.htmhttp://vietsciences.free.fr/biographie/biologists/yersin.htm


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2. Lnh vc Vi sinh vt mngnghip v mi trng

Beijerinck, Vinogradxkii(1856-1863), Omelianxkii (

1867-1928)- VSV NN(xenluloza v Nitrobacter) - t nn mng cho ngnh vi

sinh vt hc nng nghip vmI trng

3. Virus hc


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Ivanopxkii v Bijerinck1891: pht hin ra virut

m thuc l- tnnmng cho ngnh virut hc.

III. Giai on vi sinh hc hin i:


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Giai on vi sinh vt hin i bt

u t s pht hin ra cc khngsinh (1919)

Chia thnh cc thi k

Thi k u:


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Nghin cu cc qu trnh sinh l sinh

ho, tm ra cc nguyn tc iu hnhcc qu trnh hot ng sinh hc VSV vng dng ln quy m cng nghip

(tip tc pht trin cng ngh sinh hctruyn thng)

-Nghin cu vi sinh vt mc phnt (Cu to t bo vi khun, virus, di truynvi sinh vt.)

1928 Alexander Fleming discovered


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-1928 - Alexander Fleming discoveredpenicillin (first antibiotic).

+ Tinh sch Penicillin v cng ngh khngsinh

+ Cng ngh sn xut cc vacxin truynthng

+ Cng ngh sn xut cc enzym

+ Cng ngh ln men sn xut thc phm.

III 2 Ph t trin c ng ngh sinh hc


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III.2.Pht trin cng ngh sinh hc

hin i da trn nhngthnh tunghin cu di truyn phn t caVSV (Cng ngh sinh hc c gn

lin vi cng ngh gen t 1980):+ To cc dng vi khun ti t hp

snxut cc snphm cng nghip:+ Cc khng sinh th h mi

- Cc cy nng nghip ti t hph t l i i h t


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gen nh cc vect l vi sinh vt.

-Cc gen tng hp cc Interferon,somastatin trn cc t bo ti thp

( E.col i, nm men)

Sn xut vaxin th h mi t c c mnh


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-Sn xut vaxin th h mi t cc mnh

khng nguyn (vaxin vim gan B, ch akhng nguyn b mt ca Virut ch khng

a virut, rt an ton cho ngi dng)

-T 1993 dng vaxin bng liu php gen phc hi chc nng ca h min dch v

ang th nghim.

IV.Vi sinh vt hc ca tung lai


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g

-Tip tc pht trin nhanh cc cng ngh

sinh hc trong nhiu lnh vc nh k ngh visinh v k ngh gen to ra cc ging mi.

-Sng t thuyt tin ho giacc loi mc phn t v sng t vt cht sng bt unh th no t cc vt cht khng sng

-Nghin cu su v s dng vi sinh vt lmcc tc nhn bo v mi trng sng ang nhim nng trn ton cu:

- S dung vi sinh vt v cng ngh gen,


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S dung vi sinh vt v cng ngh gen,a cc loi vi sinh vt phn gii cc cht

nhim mi trng vo hot ng.-+Min dch hc sng t hn na v c

ch phnv ca c th i vi cc tcnhn dn n cc bnh him ngho nhung th, HIV/AIDS, a hoi th (multiple

sclerosis)


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A D NG VI SINH VT

Tip tc khm ph a dng vi snh vtv cho n nay mi ch c khong 1%

cc vi sinh vt c xc nh

- S dung vi sinh vt v cng ngh gen,


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S dung vi sinh vt v cng ngh gen,a cc loi vi sinh vt phn gii cc cht

nhim mi trng vo hot ng.-+Min dch hc sng t hn na v c

ch phnv ca c th i vi cc tcnhn dn n cc bnh him ngho nhung th, HIV/AIDS, a hoi th (multiple

sclerosis)

Tm tt nhng mc son trong


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g glch s nghin cu vi sinh

vt1. Ph nhn thuyt t sinh.

- 1765 Spalazani chng minh khngc thuyt t sinh VSV bng mitrng nui cy v trng c hn

kn.

- 1854 Schroederthay nt thu tinh

bng nt bng nhng vn gi cho

-1861. Pasteurdng bnh c congh i h i i h t


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chng minh s sng ca vi sinh vt

bt ngun t mm vi sinh vt csn

-1877. Tyldall chng minh s tothnh bo t chu nhit vi khunv phng php tiu dit, chm dt

hon ton s nghi ng v s tsinh vi sinh vt.

2.Cuc tranh lun v bn cht ca


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enzym

-1837. Schwanchng minh nm men l tc nhnca qu trnh ln men ru etylic

- 1864. L Pasteurchng minh vi khun aceticlm hng qu trnh ln men ru biS. cerevisiae. a rabin php chng hng ru vang. Nguyn l thanh trng

Pasteur.

-1897. Buchnerpht hin s ln men ru nh ccenzyme ngoi t bo.

3. VSV gy bnh v u tranhchng bnh truyn nhim;


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chng bnh truyn nhim;

1776. Lui Pasterchng minh vi khunl tc nhn gy bnh

1798 Jennertim phng vacxin uma u tin

-1867 J. Lister a ra phng phpthanh trng trong phu thut.

-1876 Kock chng minh bnh l ca lao, ua ranguyn l xc nh vi khun gy bnh gm 4 bc.


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g y g y g

-1881. Pasteurthnh cng ch to vaxcin chngbnh thn

- 1883. Metchnickoff. Chng minh kh nng mindch ca i thc bo

-1891. Paul Erlich chng minh kh nng min dch dch th

-1886. L. Pasteur. Thnh cng vacin chng bnh di

-1929. Fleming. Pht hin ra Penicillin

1933 Domarg Ph t hin sulfamid


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-1933. Domarg. Pht hin sulfamid.

-1941. M sn xut penicillin mc cng nghip

-1949. Enders. Weller af Robin a ra phng phpnghin cu virut bi lit trong phng th nghim

-1954. Salk sn xut vaxcin bi lit u tin

-1955. Sabin sn xut vacxin bi lit sng

1980 WHO t b l i t b h Nh


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-1980. WHO tuyn b loi tr bnh u ma. Nh-ng

xut hin bnh HIV/AIDS.

1984. Milstein , Koehlerv Jenne to ra cc khng

th n dng.1990. Mury v Johnson s dng cc cht c chtnh min dch ca t bo ghp cc c

quan .

-1993. Liu php Vaxin c ng dng: phc hichc nng min dch cho cc bnh nhn chng

3. Lnh vc di truyn phn t:


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-1941. Beadle v Tatum Dng cc vi sinh vt t

bin lm m hnh nghin cu sinh hc phn t-1943. Delbrruck v Luria m t bn cht ditruyn ca virus

-1942. Avery McCarty v McLeod chng minhADN l vt cht di truyn.

-1952. Ledenberg a khi nim Plasmid l vtcht di truyn ngoi nhn ca vi khun.

-1953. Watson v Crick pht hin cu trcADN


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-1961. Nirenburg, Holley, v Khorana, M ditruyn ca sinh vt

-1980. Paulberg a k ngh ADN trong

cng ngh gen-1985. Kary Mullis pht hin ra k thutPCR

-2000.

S phn b ca vi sinh vt trong


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thin nhin

+ t,nc (nc ngt, nc mn),khng kh

+Trn ng thc vt v ngi

+Trong lng thc, thc phm, khti.


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Vi sinh vt trong t

Ph thuc vo tnh cht ca t: cht dinh dng m

Cc cht kh tan:Nu nhiu xc ng thc vt: s lngVSV

nhiu hay t????t hoang????

t trng trtt mn

Cc c im quyt nh s phn


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b rng ca vi sinh vt

+ Kch thc nh b, sinh sn nhanh

+C kh nng thch ng vi cc iu kin

bt li ca mi trng +h enzyme phong ph: c kh nng s

dng a dng cc H/C hu c, v c lm

ngun dinh dong.

Vi sinh vt trong khng kh


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Ngun gc:??? S lung vi sinh vt trong khng kh ph thuc

vo:?????

Ma thuMa h

Ma ngTri maTri rmTri nng

Vi sinh vt trong nc


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Vi sinh vt trong nc

Ngun gc:???

Nuc sui

Tuyt Nuc ma

Nuc bin

Nuc sng ngi



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Trn b mt c th: Da, tc, mng tay,chn.

Trong cc c quan ni tng: ng rut,ng tit niu, ng sinh dc


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+Trong lng thc, thc phm, kh ti.


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VAI TR CA VI SINH VT TRONG T NHIN


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1. Khp kn chu trnh tun Sinh a hotrong t nhin2. Trm sn xut oxy trong i dng

3. Quyt nh s sng cn ca cc ngvt nhai li

4. Quyt nh s sng cn ca TV trncn


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c n5. Bo v mi trng: ph hu cc tc nhn

c hi6. Bo v ngi v ng thc vt: Cc chtkhng sinh u tranh sinh hc


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Khi quyen

CO2O2

Mt trong nhng vai tr quan trng ca vi sinh vt l khong hocc hp cht hu c, to ra nhiu sn phm trung gian quan trngi vi cc ng thc vt v cc vi sinh vt khc trong h sinh thi

Cc lnh vc cng ngh vi


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sinh1.Vi s inh Cng ngh ip:tuynchn + cc CN gene to cc trm vi sinh sn xutcc cht c hot tnh cao phc v cho con ngi :

enzym, khng sinh, vitamin, axit hu c , ph gia,nc ung, protein n bo, khng th , vacxin,

biogas

2. Trong nng nghip


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Thu nhn cc ngun gen + CN gene to cc

Trm vi sinh -sn xut ra cc vi sinh vtc hiu qu cao i vi s sinh trng v phttrin ca thc vt (vi sinh vt c nh N2,

vi sinh vt chuyn ha ln kh tan, cc tcnhn u tranh chng su bnh, cc kchthch t thc vt)

n v c ruy n p nNh m y sn xut c c enzym cho cn


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- Nh my sn xut cc enzym cho cn

ngh gen (ARN, ADN polymerase, enzyct gii hn, enzyme thc hin cc phnng PCR, enzymes tng hp ADN v ARNin vitro.

- L cc vect dng l tng cho cngngh t i t hp di truyn (plasmids


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ngh ti t hp di truyn (plasmids,

phage..)+L nh my sn xut nhanh cc

gen ti t hp (E.col i, nm men)

+L m hnh l tng nghin cu

t bo cp phn t v di phnt.

..Nhng thnh tu ca vi sinh hcVN:


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Chia ra 3 thi k:

- Nhng nm u: (1945-1954)- skhai: GS ng vn Ng chit xut

c penicilin th cng t nmpenicillium

-1955-1964: o to v chun b ing nghin cu.

-T 1965 n nay: Vi sinh hc y hcv y t d phng Thc n gia sc


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v y t d phng, Thc n gia sc,

Ln men nc hoa qu, Khng sinh, Visinh vt x l nhim mi trng: dum, nc thi, rc thi, t), kim sot

sinh hc (tr su hi bng B.thuringiensis, nm Beauvariaanisopliae.....)

Cc cu hi chng 1


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g1. Hy trnh by lich s pht trin ca Vi sinh vthc v tng lnh vc: lt thuyt t sinh,

tc nhn gy bnh, Cng ngh sinh hc,min dich v di truyn.

2. Ngoi cc hng nghin cu ca vi sinh vt hctrong tng lai nh trnh by, anh (ch) cth b sung thm hng nghin cu no nakhng?

3. Phn tch 5 c im chung ca Vi sinh vt

Cu hi tho lun: Ti sao c c loi c th thuc c c nhm phn


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T i sao cc lo i c th thuc cc nhm phnloi khc nhau li c xp chung l VSV???

Hy gii thch phng php thanh trng Tyldal. Ti sao Spalazani cha ph nh c thuytt sinh Vi sinh vt?

Ti sao ni vi sinh vt quyt nh s tn ti

ca ng vt nhai li, quyt nh s sngcn ca TV trn cn

1. All bacteria are procaryotic.True


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False

2. What are Koch's postulates?Criteria for proving the causal relationship betweena suspected pathogen and a diseaseCriteria for proving that viruses can cause diseaseCriteria for proving that organisms could developfrom nonliving matter

3. "Spontaneous generation" is the hypothesis that

microorganisms are agents of human disease.

TrueFalse

4. Who was the first person to describemicroorganisms?Louis Pasteur


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Louis PasteurAntony Van Leewenhoek

Robert Koch

5. Name some applied disciplines in microbiologyMedical and public healthIndustrial, food and dairyAll of the above

6. Who showed that microorganisms causedfermentation and that some microorganisms couldlive in the absence of oxygen?Louis Pasteur

Anton Van Leewenhoek

8. Agar is a gelatinous material used widely inmicrobiology for the isolation and pure culture of


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microbiology for the isolation and pure culture ofmicroorganisms. Who first suggested the use of

agar for this purpose?Fannie HesseRichard PetriRobert Koch

9. Microbiology is the study of organisms andagents too small to be seen clearly by the unaided

eye.TrueFalse

10. What were Joseph Lister'scontributions to microbiology?


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contributions to microbiology?

=Provided definitive evidence forthe germ theory=The development of asepticsurgical techniques.=Suggested the use of petri plates

for the isolation and culture ofmicroorganisms

Chapter 1Supplemental Quiz Questions

1 Gh ht i h i t h b h


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1. Ghp cc pht minh vo vi tn cc nh bc hctng ng

Cc nh bc hc: Francesco Redi, Louis Pasteur,Maggots, Broth, Gauze.

A. magic bulletB. vaccinationC. germ theory of diseaseD. spontaneous generation

E. synthetic antibiotics

2. Ghp tn cc vi khun vo tn cc nh bc hc phat hin rachng


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chng

Bovine bacillus, Pure cultures, Tuberculosis, Mice orgin

A. PasteurB. KochC. RediD. Needham

E. Leeuwenhoek3. Use the following terms to design a map or strategy inwhich they form a logical progression based upon yourunderstanding of the information presented in the course.Defend your "mind map" in no more than 3-4 sentences.


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