Videosonde Observation in the Tropics - 北海道大学sower.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/Meeting0607/member/ppt-pdf/Suzuki-k01.pdf · 1 Videosonde Observation in the Tropics The Third International

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Videosonde Observation in the Tropics

The Third International SOWER MeetingLake Shikotsu

July 18-20, 2006Kyukamura Shikotsuko, Lake Shikotsu, Japan

Kenji SuzukiYamaguchi University, Japan

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Table of Contents

1. Motivation2. Videosonde

3. Previous videosonde observation

4. R/V Mirai MR04-08 cruise

5. Summary and future plan

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Motivation 1

In the tropical western Pacific region, - Warm pool convection- Release of latent heat

drive the global circulation

Precipitation mechanisms relate to- Upward transportation of water vapor- Vertical heat budget

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Motivation 2- Liu & Fu (2001), Takayabu (2002)

TRMM data different precipitation system over ocean and land

- The difference originates from - - -Specific heat properties of land and sea? Large-scale circulation pattern? Cloud microphysics?

- Importance of in situ microphysical observation of clouds developed over the tropical ocean

- Goal: to investigate the precipitation particle distribution over the ocean using Videosonde

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Videosonde 1

Takahashi (1990)

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Videosonde 1

Takahashi (1990)

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Videosonde 1

Takahashi et al. (1995)at Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, TOGA-COARE

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Videosonde 2

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Videosonde 2

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Videosonde 3

Suzuki et al. (2006)

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SpecificationTotal observation time 60 minutes approximatelyParticle size resolution 0.1mm (0.01 mm for videosonde 2)Video picture Black and whiteTransmission power 0.5 WCarrier frequency 1680 MHzVideo band width 10 Hz to 1 MHzModulation FMBand width less than 4 MHzBattery Lithium/Alkaline batteryDimensions 570mm*180mm*340mm (videosonde 1)

800mm*240mm*400mm (videosonde 2)450mm*160mm*220mm (videosonde 3)

Weight 4.0 kg (videosonde 1)4.5 kg (videosonde 2)1.8 kg (videosonde 3) * present 1.2kg

Cost ¥¥¥

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Joetsu, Niigata (Japan) 1993Tsunekami, Fukui (Japan) 1994

Kagoshima (Japan) 1994, 1995Tanegashima, Kagoshima (Japan) 1996

Ponape (Micronesia) 1988

Manus (Papua New Guinea) 1991, 1992

Melville Is. (Australia) 1995

Surat Thani (Thailand) 1994Songkhla (Thailand) 1993

Phuket (Thailand) 1996Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei) 1996

Pingliang (China) 1992

Shanghai (China) 1998

Chang Rai (Thailand) 1997

■R/V Mirai MR04-08 (Palau) 2004

Videosonde Observations

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0.1 0.4 0.5 0.60.70.80.91 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

D I A M E T E R ( m m )

HE

IGH

T(k

m)

0 8 3 6 ( L C T ) O C T . 4 1 9 8 8

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

℃)

RAINDROP

GRAUPEL

SNOWFLAKE

ICE CRYSTAL

FROZEN DROP0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

20

10

0.1 0.4 0.5 0.60.70.80.91 4 5 6 7 8 910

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


HE

IGH

T(k

m)

0 9 5 2 ( L C T ) N O V . 2 4 1 9 9 2

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

℃)

RAINDROP

GRAUPEL

FROZEN DROP

ICE CRYSTAL

10

0

–10

–20

20

Maritime Region

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Continental Region

0.1 0.4 0.5 0.60.70.80.91 4 5 6 7 8 910

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13


HE

IGH

T(k

m)

0 7 2 0 ( L C T ) J U L . 1 4 1 9 9 2

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

℃)

RAINDROP

GRAUPEL

SNOWFLAKE

ICE CRYSTAL

10

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

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0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70.80.91 4 5 6 7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13


HE

IGH

T(k

m)

1 0 0 3 ( L C T ) N O V . 1 1 1 9 9 3T

EM

PE

RA

TU

RE

(℃

)

RAINDROP

GRAUPEL

SNOWFLAKE

ICE CRYSTAL

10

0

–10

–20

–30

20

FROZEN DROP

–40

–50

–60

0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70.80.91 4 5 6 7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15


HE

IGH

T(k

m)

0 7 4 6 ( L S T ) J u n . 2 5 1 9 9 5

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

C)

RAINDROP

FROZEN DROP

GRAUPEL

ICE CRYSTAL

20

10

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

Monsoon Region

0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70.80.91 4 5 6 7

0123456789

101112131415161718

D I A M E T E R ( m m )H

EIG

HT

(km

)

1 5 1 5 ( L C T ) N O V . 1 7 1 9 9 5

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

C)

RAINDROP

FROZEN DROP

GRAUPEL

SNOWFLAKE

ICECRYSTAL

20

10

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

16Mass contribution (%) of liquid / ice phase against total precipitation in climatologically different areas. (Takahashi and Kuhara, 1988; Takahashi et al., 1995a, b; Takahashi et al., 2001; Takahashi and Keenan, 2004)

1 10 1001

10

100

Or LessLiquid (Raindrop)

Ice

(Gra

upel

and

Ice

Cry

stal

)

MASS CONTRIBUTION

P: Ponape, MicronesiaC: Pingliang, ChinaM: Manus, Papua New GuineaMC: Melville Is., Australia

SO: Songkhla, ThailandST: Surat Thani, ThailandK: Kagoshima, JapanPK: Puket, Thailand

MR: MR04–08

C–4 C–2

P–4

P–6

P–1

P–2

C–3

C–5

M–10

M–11

M–3M–7

M–9 M–5

MR–6MR–4

MR–2

K–1

K–13

K–3

K–4

K–5

SO–3

SO–12

SO–9

SO–13

SO–15

ST–5 ST–13ST–13

ST–4

MC–3

ST–2PK–11

PK–15

MC–13

ST–16

Continent

Maritime-Continent

Maritime

Mass Contribution

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Dec.15 2004 – Jan.9 2005off the Palau Islandsfirst time to launch videosondesfrom vessel

R/V Mirai MR04-08 Cruise

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Sonde# Date Time (LST) Remarks

4 Dec.28, 2004 1531 Developing cumulusLarge raindrops, ice particles

2 Dec.30, 2004 2328 Developing cumulus with strong gustRaindrops, ice particles

6 Dec.31, 2004 1220 Mature cumulus, no gustRaindrops, many ice particles

1 Dec.31, 2004 1816 Dissipating stratiform cloudAggregates near freezing level

5 Jan.9, 2005 0703 Thick stratiform cloud, Bright bandMany ice particles above freezing level


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0.1 0.4 0.5 0.60.70.80.91 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


HE

IGH

T(k

m)

1 2 2 0 ( L S T ) D E C . 3 1 2 0 0 4

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

℃)

RAINDROP

GRAUPEL

ICE CRYSTAL

10

0

–10

20

–20

FROZEN DROP

AGGREGATE

no data

Convective Cloud on Dec.31, 2004

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Mass density (left) and number density (right) of convective cloud on Dec.31, 2004.

100 1020

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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MASS DENSITY (mg/m3)

No.6

Raindrop

Graupel

Ice CrystalAggregate

HE

IGH

T (k

m)

TEM

PE

RA

TUR

E (d

eg C

)

–20

–10

0

10

20

Frozen Particle

100 102 1040

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

NUMBER DENSITY (/m3)

No.6

Raindrop

GraupelIce CrystalAggregate

HE

IGH

T (k

m)

TEM

PE

RA

TUR

E (d

eg C

)

–20

–10

0

10

20

Frozen Particle

Convective Cloud on Dec.31, 2004

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1 10 1001

10

100

Or LessLiquid (Raindrop)

Ice

(Gra

upel

and

Ice

Cry

stal

)

MASS CONTRIBUTION

P: Ponape, MicronesiaC: Pingliang, ChinaM: Manus, Papua New GuineaMC: Melville Is., Australia

SO: Songkhla, ThailandST: Surat Thani, ThailandK: Kagoshima, JapanPK: Puket, Thailand

MR: MR04–08

C–4 C–2

P–4

P–6

P–1

P–2

C–3

C–5

M–10

M–11

M–3M–7

M–9 M–5

MR–6MR–4

MR–2

K–1

K–13

K–3

K–4

K–5

SO–3

SO–12

SO–9

SO–13

SO–15

ST–5 ST–13ST–13

ST–4

MC–3

ST–2PK–11

PK–15

MC–13

ST–16

Continent

Maritime-Continent

Maritime

Mass contribution (%) of liquid / ice phase against total precipitation in climatologically different areas. (Takahashi and Kuhara, 1988; Takahashi et al., 1995a, b; Takahashi et al., 2001; Takahashi and Keenan, 2004)

R/V Mirai MR04-08Cruise

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7:12 (3km)7:18 (5km)

7:28 (7km)7:36 (9km)

0.1 0.4 0.5 0.60.70.80.91 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


HE

IGH

T(k

m)

0 7 0 3 ( L S T ) J A N . 0 9 2 0 0 5

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E (

℃)

RAINDROP

GRAUPEL

ICE CRYSTAL

10

0

–10

–20

AGGREGATE

Thick Stratiform Cloud on Jan.9, 2005

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Aggregate? observed at 4.9km (-0.3C) in the other stratiformcloud (captured by a cloud videosonde).

Particle images obtained from Videosonde#5.

Graupel and Aggregate Particle observed in a thick stratiform cloud in TOGA-COARE. (Takahashi et al., 1995)

Aggregate

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Summary

1. This study was the first to launch videosondes from an ocean-going vessel.

2. Within convective clouds, the vertical distribution of precipitation particles is characterized by raindrops, frozen drops, and nearly round graupel. This is similar to the results in the TOGA-COARE project and at Ponape, where the warm-rain-freezing process was observed to be dominant.

3. Within the thick stratiform clouds, aggregates were observed of small frozen drops or nearly round graupel.

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Future plan and challenge1. Additional videosonde observations are required to

understand the general features of precipitation over oceanic area Indian Ocean R/V Mirai Cruise in 2006

2. Further improvement of videosondelow-cost, light-weight, easy analysis

3. Development of new digital videosondeThis challenge has been started with Fujiwara-san.Goal : Digitalization of image transmission

Application to Snow White, Drop-videosondeEasy observation for everyone

Documents

Videosonde Observation in the Tropics - 北海道大学sower.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/Meeting0607/member/ppt-pdf/Suzuki-k01.pdf · 1 Videosonde Observation in the Tropics The Third International