Italiano II

Il 27 di aprile 2016

Capitolo 2B

SENTIERI textbook

Las Obras1. la data2. il tempo3. vocabolario4. I verbi5. Grammatical

6. I verbi Sentieri textbook

Pagina 48 Regular ARE verbs

Pagina 64 Regular –ere verbs

Pagina 65 PIACERE + indirect Object Pronouns

Regular ere verbs

Conjugating regular Italian verbs ending with ERE in the present tenseInfinitive – “…A verb form that functions as a substantive while retaining certain verbal characteristics, such as modification by adverbs, and that in English may be preceded by to, as in To go

willingly is to show strength or We want him to work…” 1

There are three main categories of Italian Verbs known as 1st, 2nd and 3rd conjugation. Here is the most obvious, initial

difference;

1st Conjugation verbs are verbs that end with the letters ARE in the infinitive form.

2nd Conjugation verbs are verbs that end with the letters ERE in the infinitive form.

3rd Conjugation verbs are verbs that end with the letters IRE in the infinitive form.

(These ending are “Infinitive endings”)

To illustrate how to conjugate an ERE verb, I like to use a math equation as an example but first here are the conjugated

endings for ERE verbs;

Subject Pronoun

IoTuLui/LeiNoiVoiLoro

Ending

oieiamoeteono

To conjugate = infinitive verb – infinitive ending = verb stem + conjugated ending = conjugated verb. Example;

Vedere (To See) - ere = Ved + iamo (ending for we) =

Vediamo (We see)

Vedere conjugated in the present tense IoTuLui/LeiNoiVoiLoro

VedoVediVedeVediamoVedeteVedono

I seeYou seeHe/She/It seesWe seeYou all see(All of YOU) seeThey see

Regular –ARE verbs

talian Englishabitareaiutareamareascoltareaspettarebaciarebastarecamminarecantarecausarecenarechiamarecominciareconservareconsiderareconsigliarecostarecontrollarecrollarecucinare

to liveto helpto loveto listen toto wait forto kissto be enoughto walkto singto causeto have dinnerto callto startto keepto considerto adviseto costto controlto collapseto cook

curaredesideraredimenticaredisegnaredisturbarediventaredomandareentrareevitarefumaregiocaregiraregridareguardareguidareimmaginareimparareincontrareindossareindovinareingrassareiniziareinsegnareinviareinvitarelamentarelasciarelavorarelavareliberarelicenziarelottaremandaremangiaremeritarenuotareordinareorganizzareosare

to take care ofto desireto forgetto drawto disturbto becometo askto enterto avoidto smoketo playto go aroundto shoutto look atto driveto imagineto learnto meetto wearto guessto put on weightto startto teachto sendto inviteto complainto leaveto workto washto freeto dismissto struggleto sendto eatto deserveto swimto orderto organiseto dare

pagareparcheggiareparlareparteciparepassarepensarepesareportarepranzareprenotarepreoccupareprepararepresentareprestareprovareraccomandareraccontarerealizzarerecitareregalarerestarericordareriposarerubaresalutaresalvaresbagliarescapparesognaresperarespiegarestudiaresuonaresuperaretagliaretiraretelefonaretornaretrovare

to payto parkto talkto participate into spend (time)to thinkto weighto taketo have lunchto bookto worryto prepareto presentto lendto tryto recommendto tellto realiseto actto give as a presentto stayto rememberto restto robto say hello/goodbyeto saveto make a mistaketo run awayto dreamto hopeto explainto studyto play (a musical instrument)to overtaketo cutto pullto telephoneto go backto find

viaggiarevisitare

to travelto visit

 

Regular –ere Verbs

accadere

to happen

accendere

to turn on

assistere

to assist/to attend

assumere

to assume

attendere

to waitcadere

to fall

chiedere

to ask

chiudere

to close

comprendere

to understand

concludere

to concludecondividere

to share

convincere

to convince

consistere

to consist

conoscere

to know

confondere

to confusecorreggere

to correct

correre

to runcredere

to believe

crescere

to grow

decidere

to decide

difendere

to defend

discutere

to discuss

distinguere

to distinguish

dividere

to divide

esistere

to exist

godere

to enjoyincludere

to include

insistere

to insist

leggere

to read

mettere

to put

nascondere

to hide

perdere

to loose

permettere

to allow

piangere

to cry

prendere

to ctake

pretendere

to pretend/to claim

promettere

to promise

ridere

to laughrisolvere

to resolve

rispondere

to answer

rompere

to break

scendere

to descend

scrivere

to write

sorridere

to smile

spingere

to push

succedere

to happen

temere

to fear

vedere

to see

vendere

to sell

vivere

to live

ricevere

to receive

-Regular IRE verbs

he infinitives of all regular verbs in Italian end in –are, –ere, or –ire and are referred to as first, second, or third conjugation verbs, respectively. In English the infinitive (l'infinito) consists of to + verb.amare to love   temere to fear   sentire to hearVerbs with infinitives ending in –ire are called third conjugation, or –ire, verbs. The present tense of a regular –ire verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending –ire and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem. There is a different ending for each person.Characteristics of the Third Conjugation• Many –ire verbs add, between the root

and declination, the suffix isc to the first, second, and third person singular and third person plural of the indicative and subjunctive present tense, and to the second and third person singular and third person plural of the present imperative tense:

• finire io finisco• tu finisci• egli finisce

essi finisconoche io finiscache tu finiscache egli finiscache essi finiscanofinisci   finisca   finiscono

There are two sets of endings for – ire verbs.The first set takes the following endings:- isco- isci- isce- iamo- ite- isconoYou pronounce the second and third ones like “eeshe” and “eeshay”.So the conjugation of finire is:[io] finisco – I finish / am finishing[tu] finisci – you [familiar] finish / are finishing[Lei/lei/lui] finisce – you [formal] / she / he finishes / is finishing[noi] finiamo – we finish / are finishing[voi] finite – you finish / are finishing[loro] finiscono – they finish / are finishing

These endings sound difficult to pronounce but they are not too bad when you get used to them!The stress is on -is and – isc in the first three persons of the verb, on the “a” of the ending in the noi form and the i of the ending in the voi form. It is on –is in the loro form.The other type of – ire verb is easier, with the endings:- o- i- e- iamo- ite- onoSo the conjugation of partire is:[io] parto – I leave / am leaving[tu] parti – you [familiar] leave / are leaving[Lei/lei/lui] parte – you [formal] / she / he leaves / is leaving[noi] partiamo – we leave / are leaving[voi] partite – you leave / are leaving[loro] partono – they leave / are leavingThe stress is on the first syllable in the first three persons of the verb. It is on the a of the ending in the noi form, the i of the ending in the voi form and the first syllable in the loro form.How do you know which set of endings a verb takes? A good dictionary should give you an indication if the verb goes like finire. Other than that, as with everything else, you learn as you go along!

See if you can insert the verb correctly in these sentences.

We have indicated the –isco type of verb.1. Ma [io] non [capire] ________! [like finire]2. Giorgio [Partire] __________ alle tre.3. Oggi loro [pulire] __________ la casa. [like finire]4. Mario [offrire] _________ un caffè a Maria.5. Tu [seguire] _________ il calcio?6. Quando [finire] __________ la lezione?7. Cosa fanno i ragazzi? [Dormire] ___________.8. [Noi] [aprire] __________ la finestra.9. Voi [capire] __________ l’italiano? [like finire]10. Gli uomini [costruire] __________ le case. [like finire]

COMMON THIRD-CONJUGATION VERBSacconsentire to agree, to acquiesceaprire to openassorbire to soakbollire to boilcoprire to covercucire to sewdormire to sleepfuggire to fleementire to liemorire to die

offrire to offerpartire to leaveriaprire to reopenscoprire to discover, to uncoversentire to hear, to feel, to smellseguire to followservire to servesfuggire to escapesoffrire to sufferConjugating regular Italian verbs ending with IRE in the present tenseInfinitive – “…A verb form that functions as a substantive while retaining certain verbal characteristics, such as modification by adverbs, and that in English may be preceded by to, as in To go

willingly is to show strength or We want him to work…” 1

There are three main categories of Italian Verbs known as 1st, 2nd and 3rd conjugation. Here is the most obvious, initial

difference;

1st Conjugation verbs are verbs that end with the letters ARE in the infinitive form.

2nd Conjugation verbs are verbs that end with the letters ERE in the infinitive form.

3rd Conjugation verbs are verbs that end with the letters IRE in the infinitive form.

(These ending are “Infinitive endings”)

To illustrate how to conjugate an IRE verb, I like to use a math equation as an example but first here are the conjugated

endings for IRE verbs;

Subject Pronoun

IoTuLui/LeiNoiVoiLoro

Ending

oieiamoiteono

To conjugate = infinitive verb – infinitive ending = verb stem + conjugated ending = conjugated verb. Example;

Servire (To Serve) - ire = Serv + iamo (ending for we) = Serviamo (We see)

Servire conjugated in the present tense IoTuLui/LeiNoiVoiLoro

ServoServiServeServiamoServiteServono

I serveYou serveHe/She/It servesWe serveY'all serveThey serve

There is one exception with the 3rd conjugation on how it is handled in the present tense for some regular verbs. That is, there are some verbs that you have to insert the letters "ISC"

after the infinitive root and before the present indicative ending for Io, Tu, Lui/Lei and Loro. Therefore, we conjugate these verbs

as follows;

Example; Capire (To Understand) - ire = Cap + isc = capisc + ono (ending for they) = Capiscono (They understand)

Capire conjugated in the present tense IoTuLui/LeiNoiVoi

CapiscoCapisciCapisceCapiamoCapite

I understandYou understandHe/She/It understandsWe understandY'all understand

Loro Capiscono They understand

Italiano II SINTIERI

COMPITI per venerdi’ - domani!

Direct and indirect object pronouns

1. Sentences using the greaty law of position of object pronouns

1. I open the refrigerator.

I open it.

2. I read the letters.

I read them.

3. Do they see me?

No, they don’t see you.

4. They never invite us.

5. Good evening doctor, I’ll see you tomorrow.

6. Mr. and Mrs. Bianca, they are calling you on the phone.

7. Are you looking for the recipe?

Yes, I look for it.

8. Are you looking at the cookbook?

Yes, I’m looking at it.

COMPITI –SEE BELOW!!!!!

Keep reviewing the notes -Sentieri pagine 64-65 Regular –ere verbs

Verbs and PIACERE

Direct object pronounsItalian Language Lessons Italian Direct Object Pronouns

A direct object is the direct recipient of the action of a verb.I invite the boys.  Whom do I invite?  The boys.He reads the book.  What does he read?  The book.The nouns boys and books are direct objects. They answer the question what? or whom? Verbs that take a direct object are called transitive verbs. Verbs that do not take a direct object (she walks, I sleep) are intransitive.Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns.

I invite the boys.  I invite them.He reads the book.  He reads it.

In Italian the forms of the direct object pronouns (i pronomi diretti) are as follows:

SINGULAR PLURALmi me ci us

ti you (informal) vi you (informal)

La you (formal m. and f.)

Li you (form., m.)

Le you (form., f.)

lo him, it li them (m. and f.)

la her, it le them (f.)

A direct object pronoun is placed immediately before a conjugated verb.

Se vedo i ragazzi, li invito. (If I see the boys, I’ll invite them.)

Compra la frutta e la mangia. (He buys the fruit and eats it.)

In a negative sentence, the word non must come before the object pronoun.

Non la mangia. (He doesn’t eat it.)

Perchè non li inviti? (Why don’t you invite them?)

The object pronoun is attached to the end of an infinitive. Note that the final –e of the infinitive is dropped.

È importante mangiarla ogni giorno. (It is important to eat it every day.)È una buon’idea invitarli. It’s a good idea to invite them.

It is possible, but not necessary, to elide singular direct object pronouns in front of verbs that begin with a vowel or forms of avere that begin with an h. However, the plural forms li and le are never elided.

M’ama, non m’ama. (Mi ama, non mi ama.). (He loves me, he loves me not.)Il passaporto? Loro non l’hanno (lo hanno). (The passport? They don’t have it.)A few Italian verbs that take a direct object, such as ascoltare, aspettare, cercare, and guardare, correspond to English verbs that are used with prepositions (to listen to to wait for, to look for, to look at).

Chi cerchi? – Cerco il mio ragazzo. Lo cerco già da mezz’ora!(Who are you looking for? – I’m looking for my boyfriend. I’ve been looking for him for half an hour!)

Object pronouns are attached to ecco to express here I am, here you are, here he is, and so on.

Dov’è la signorina? – Eccola! (Where is the young woman? – Here she is!)

Hai trovato le chiavi? – Sì, eccole! (Have you found the keys? – Yes, here they are!)

Direct object nouns and pronouns answer the question what? or whom? Indirect object nouns and pronouns answer the question to whom? or for whom?

In English the word to is often omitted: We gave a cookbook to Uncle John.—We gave Uncle John a cookbook. In Italian, the preposition a is always used before an indirect object noun.

Abbiamo regalato un libro di cucina allo zio Giovanni. (We gave a cookbook to Uncle John.)

Perché non regali un profumo alla mamma? (Why don’t you give Mother some perfume?)

Puoi spiegare questa ricetta a Paolo? (Can you explain this recipe to Paul?)

Indirect object pronouns (i pronomi indiretti) replace indirect

object nouns. They are identical in form to direct object pronouns, except for the third person forms gli, le, and loro.

SINGULAR PLURALmi (to/for) me ci (to/for) usti (to/for) you vi (to/for) youLe (to/for) you (formal m. and f.)

Loro (to/for) you (form., m. and f.)

gli (to/for) him loro (to/for) themle (to/for) her

Indirect object pronouns, like direct object pronouns, precede a conjugated verb, except for loro and Loro, which follow the verb.

Le ho dato tre ricette. (I gave her three recipes.)

Ci offrono un caffè. (They offer us a cup of coffee.)

Parliamo loro domani. (We’ll talk to them tomorrow.)

Che cosa regali allo zio Giovanni? (What are you giving Uncle John?)Gli regalo un libro di cucina. (I'll give him a cookbook.)

Indirect object pronouns are attached to an infinitive, and the –e of the infinitive is dropped.

Non ho tempo di parlargli. (I have no time to talk to him.)

If the infinitive is preceded by a form of dovere, potere, or volere, the indirect object pronoun is either attached to the infinitive (after the –e is dropped) or placed before the conjugated verb.

Voglio parlargli. Gli voglio parlare. I want to talk to him.

Italian indirect pronoun and Italian verb “piacere”Italian indirect object pronoun.All type of pronoun, a little word used instead of a noun, in Italian take mostly the place before the verb, but with the modal or “servili” verbs it is possible to place them also after the verb in the infinitive e.g. Can you help me? = Puoi aiutarmi? or Mi puoi aiutare? And also Can I speak to her? = Posso parlarle? Or Le posso parlare?Pronomi indiretti > The indirect pronoun ( when the Italian verb uses “a” = “to” after):

Mi = a me To me

Ti = a te To you

Gli = a lui To him

Le = a lei To her

Ci = a noi To us

Vi = a voi To you

Gli = a loro To them

.There are some typical Italian verbs that used the indirect pronoun:Parlare aScrivere aDire aTelefonare aPiacere aBastare aServire aEsempi: Quando mi telefoni? Ti telefono domani = When will you phone me? I’ll phone you tomorrow (Attention: In Italian we use present tense, not future tense!) Quando telefoni a Paola? Le telefono oggi = When will you telephone Paola? I’ll phone her today E tu ? Quando scrivi a tuo padre? Gli scrivo subito = And you? When will you write to your father? I’ll write to him immediately.

Il verbo piacere

Mind: the Italian verb “Piacere” (= to like) is mostly used in the 3rd person singular or plural (= piace when is referred to a singular noun or to a verb in infinitive; piacciono when the noun is plural) and the person who has the feeling is expressed by a pronoun: the indirect object pronoun E.g.

Mi Piace + sing. noun Mi Piacciono + pl. noun

Ti Piace + sing. noun Ti Piacciono + pl. noun

Gli / Le Piace + sing. noun Gli / Le Piacciono + pl. noun

Ci Piace + sing. noun Ci Piacciono + pl. noun

Vi Piace + sing. noun Vi Piacciono + pl. noun

Gli Piace + sing. noun Gli Piacciono + pl. noun

So:

Ti ( = you singular) piace la pasta? Do you like pasta (singular noun)?

Sì, mi piace molto Yes, I like it very much

Vi (= you plural) piace la pasta? Do you like pasta?

Sì, ci piace molto Yes, we like it very much

Ti ( = you singular) piacciono gli spaghetti? Do you like spaghetti (spaghetti is a plural noun)?

Sì, mi piacciono Yes, I like spaghetti

Vi (= you plural) piacciono gli spaghetti? Do you like spaghetti?

Sì ci piacciono Yes, we like spaghetti

  And also: Ti piace la montagna? No, non mi piace, preferisco il mare (=the sea or the seaside). Ti piace l’opera? Sì, mi piace, ma preferisco il

balletto Ti piacciono gli orologi di Bulgari? Sì, (mi piacciono), ma per me sono troppo costosi (= too expensive) Ti piacciono le uova (= eggs)? No, non mi piaccionoThere are other 2 important verbs that we use like “Piacere” in the 3rd person + indirect pronoun:• The verb “servire” (= to need/ to be of use) e.g. Ti serve nulla/qualcosa?

= Is there anything you need?• The verb “ bastare” (= to be enough) e.g. Ti basta questo vino? = It’s

enough this wine for you?look out for• The verb “mancare” (=to miss/to lack) e.g. Mi manchi! = I miss you! but

Mi manca il coraggio = I lack courageNow do the exercise

Piacere from SENTIERI TEXTBOOK pagina 65!

Indirect object + verb + subject. Not your usual sentence structure, but in the case of piacere (to please, to like) that's the way it works in Italian, and here's why: In English, you say that A likes B. In Italian, though, the same meaning is understood in different terms: B pleases A. Here are some examples:

Agli italiani piace il calcio. (Italians like soccer. Literally: Soccer is pleasing to Italians.)

Ai professori piace insegnare. (Professors like teaching. Literally: Teaching is pleasing to professors.)

Mi piacciono le carote. (I like carrots. Literally: Carrots are pleasing to me.)

Note that in these examples, piacere is conjugated to match the subject of the sentence; in the first example, agli italiani piace il calcio, piacere is conjugated in the third person singular form, to match with calcio (soccer) and not with agli italiani (all Italians).

Other verbs that follow this construction of inversion and behave similarly to piacere are listed below.

VERBS THAT ACT LIKE PIACEREbastare—to be sufficient, to sufficedispiacere—to displease, to upsetmancare—to be lacking, to missoccorrere—to require, to needservire—to serve, to be of use

Italian indirect pronoun and Italian verb “piacere”Italian indirect object pronoun.All type of pronoun, a little word used instead of a noun, in Italian take mostly the place before the verb, but with the modal or “servili” verbs it is possible to place them also after the verb in the infinitive e.g. Can you help me? = Puoi aiutarmi? or Mi puoi aiutare? And also Can I speak to her? = Posso parlarle? Or Le posso parlare?Pronomi indiretti > The indirect pronoun ( when the Italian verb uses “a” = “to” after):

Mi = a me To me

Ti = a te To you

Gli = a lui To him

Le = a lei To her

Ci = a noi To us

Vi = a voi To you

Gli = a loro To them

.There are some typical Italian verbs that used the indirect pronoun:

Parlare aScrivere aDire aTelefonare aPiacere aBastare aServire a

Esempi: Quando mi telefoni? Ti telefono domani = When will you phone me? I’ll phone you tomorrow (Attention: In Italian we use present tense, not future tense!)

Quando telefoni a Paola? Le telefono oggi = When will you telephone Paola? I’ll phone her today E tu ?

Quando scrivi a tuo padre? Gli scrivo subito = And you? When will you write to your father? I’ll write to him immediately.

Il verbo piacereMind: the Italian verb “Piacere” (= to like) is mostly used in the 3rd person singular or plural (= piace when is referred to a singular noun or to a verb in infinitive; piacciono when the noun is plural) and the person who has the feeling is expressed by a pronoun: the indirect object pronoun E.g.

Mi Piace + sing. noun Mi Piacciono + pl. noun

Ti Piace + sing. noun Ti Piacciono + pl. noun

Gli / Le Piace + sing. noun Gli / Le Piacciono + pl. noun

Ci Piace + sing. noun Ci Piacciono + pl. noun

Vi Piace + sing. noun Vi Piacciono + pl. noun

Gli Piace + sing. noun Gli Piacciono + pl. noun

So:

Ti ( = you singular) piace la pasta? Do you like pasta (singular noun)?

Sì, mi piace molto Yes, I like it very much

Vi (= you plural) piace la pasta? Do you like pasta?

Sì, ci piace molto Yes, we like it very much

Ti ( = you singular) piacciono gli spaghetti? Do you like spaghetti (spaghetti is a plural noun)?

Sì, mi piacciono Yes, I like spaghetti

Vi (= you plural) piacciono gli spaghetti? Do you like spaghetti?

Sì ci piacciono Yes, we like spaghetti

  And also: Ti piace la montagna? No, non mi piace, preferisco il mare (=the sea or the seaside).

Ti piace l’opera? Sì, mi piace, ma preferisco il balletto.

Ti piacciono gli orologi di Bulgari? Sì, (mi piacciono), ma per me sono troppo costosi (= too expensive)

Ti piacciono le uova (= eggs)? No, non mi piacciono

There are other 2 important verbs that we use like “Piacere” in the 3rd person + indirect pronoun:

• The verb “servire” (= to need/ to be of use) e.g. Ti serve nulla/qualcosa? = Is there anything you need?

• The verb “ bastare” (= to be enough) e.g. Ti basta questo vino? = It’s enough this wine for you?

look out for• The verb “mancare” (=to

miss/to lack) e.g. Mi manchi! = I miss you! but Mi manca il coraggio = I lack courage

Completa con gli elementi mancanti:

Maria, (piacere) ___ piace la pasta al pesto?Sì, ___ ______ molto.

 Ragazzi, (piacere) ___ piacciono gli spaghetti aglio, olio e peperoncino?

No, non ___ ______!

 Luca, (piacere) ___ ______ i pocket coffee?Sì, ___ ______ da morire (= tantissimo)! 

Scusa Monica, sai se a Elena oggi (servire) ______ la macchina?Sicuramente non ___ _______ : deve rimanere a casa tutto il giorno

 Perché Paolo è triste?

(mancare) ___ ______ la sua famiglia 

Mamma, mi dai i soldi per ricaricare il cellulare?Va bene,  (bastare) ___ ______ 20 euro?

 Hai trovato i soldi per comprare il motorino?

No, (mancare) ___ ______ ancora 150 euro 

Luisa guadagna tantissimo, eppure i soldi non (bastare) ___ ______ mai , così li chiede sempre ai genitori. (sembrare a me) ___ ______ assurdo!

• I like it - Mi piace• It's very important to be able

to say what you like and what you don't like. In English, “to like” is an active verb, as in “I like strawberries.” Italians use the verb piacere (to be pleasing) to say they like something. But attenzione! In Italian it gets turned around like this:

• I like snow. (To me snow is pleasing.)

Mi piace la neve.

"Snow" is singular, so piace is singular. If what we like is in

the plural, like "strawberries," piacere will get conjugated in the plural (in this case, third person plural). Mi piacciono queste fragole.To me these strawberries are pleasing [I like these strawberries.]

This can all be very confusing for new Italian speakers, but if you think about the fact that when you like something, it’s pleasing to you, it will make more sense.

So "I like" becomes mi piace. In her lesson on mi piace Daniela explains that mi (to me) is really just a contraction of a me (to me). A me is used when we want to

emphasize the person, as opposed to the object the person likes, as in this hit song by Nina

A me piace così -A me piace così

I like it like that. -I like it like that

Remember that mi is an indirect object meaning "to me." Whatever or whoever is doing the pleasing (for example, strawberries) on the other hand, becomes the subject of the sentence (and governs the conjugation of piacere). 

You may hear Italians say: a me mi piace. Now that you know that mi is short for a me, you may sense that it's wrong because it's a repetition. In fact, it's bad grammar. Still, people say it because it emphasizes just about everything in the sentence. It's sort of like saying, "Me, I like it."

So, what if I want to tell a person I like him or her?

Mi piaci.

You please me. [I like you.]

Although mi piaci or mi piace can just refer to liking someone in general, more often than not, it’s about finding the other person attractive. To say that someone is generally likable or agreeable without alluding to their attractiveness, Italian uses a word that doesn’t have a direct English equivalent:

simpatico (agreeable, likable).

If you say mi sei simpatico or, as is more common in the south, mi stai simpatico (you're agreeable to me, you’re likable to me), you’re essentially telling the person you like him!

It’s safer than mi piaci in many situations. 

Let’s take an example from our favorite commissioner, Manara. He’s convinced his new colleagues don’t like him, but there’s a job to do. Sentite, che io non vi sto simpatico l'ho capito

perfettamente, però, abbiamo un caso molto complicato da risolvere.

Listen, I understand perfectly that you don't like me, however, we've got a very complicated case to solve.

In a nutshell: In English the person doing the liking is the subject, and the thing or person one likes is the object. In Italian the person or thing that pleases is the subject, and the person who does the liking, or who’s pleased, is the object! 

Look around you and see what you like and what you don’t like. Saying it out out loud in Italian will give you practice conjugating the verb piacere. Remember that when you don’t like something, just put non in front of mi: Non mi piace questo vino.

•

AVERE

AVERE bisogno di + infinitive

They need to leave at 5:00 tomorrow.Hanno bisogno di partire alle cinque domani.

I am cold, I need a jacket.Ho freddo, ho bisogno di una giacca.

I understand the question and I am right.Io capisco la domanda e ho ragione.

I am hungry and I need to eat right now.Io ho fame e ho bisogno di mangiare adessoin subito.

How old are you?

I am 75 years old today! Quanti anni hai?

Io ho settantacinque anni oggi.

I am very tired. I need to go to bed!

Io ho sonno. Ho bisogno di andare a letto!

I want to take a bath and then go to bed because I am very sleepy.

Io voglio fare il bagno e poi vado a letto perche ho sonno.

Basics on idioms With FARE

An idiom is an expression that cannot be translated litteraly from English to Italian or vice versa. For example the expression "faccio il biglietto" litteraly translated from Italian to English would read: "I do the ticket". However, what the person is really trying to say is: I am buying a ticket. I Do the ticket makes no sense in English!

Below are some common idioms with the verb "fare" which means to do or make.

fare i compiti to do one's homework

fare il biglietto to purchase a ticket

fare la fila / la coda stand in line/wait in line

fare la spesa to go grocery shopping

fare le spese to go shopping mall

fare vedere to show someone something

fare una domanda to ask a question

fare una fotografia to take a picture

fare una passeggiata to take a walk

fare colazione to have breakfast

fare un viaggio to take a trip

fare un capello in quattro to split hairs

farsi la barba to shave

farsi coraggio to take heart

fare castelli in aria to daydream

fare fingere to pretend, make believe

fare male to be painful, to ache

fare di tutto to do everything possible

fare del proprio meglio to do one's best

farsi degli amici to make friends

fare alla romana to split the check

fare il pieno to fill up the gas tank

fare passare to let through

Once you know these expressions, all you have to do is conjugate the verb "fare" and then write the rest of the expression and now you have an idiom!

Here is the conjugation of "fare" :

Faccio = I makeFai = You (singular) make Fa = He/She makesFacciamo = We make Fate = You (plural) makeFanno = (all of) YOU make / They make

Let's say I wanted to express the following in Italian:

"we wait in line",I find my expression "to wait in line" which is "fare la fila."

Now I go to the "we" form of fare which is "facciamo." Then I add the rest of the phrase which is "la fila". You put it together and get" Facciamo la fila = We wait in line.

Now you try:

I do my homework =

We pretend =

They take a trip =

You (singular) have breakfast =

He goes shopping =

Fare is also used in many expressions relating to the weather (note that in the following translations, "it" is an impersonal subject and does not have an equivalent in Italian):

Che tempo fa? (How is the weather?)

Fa bel tempo. (The weather is nice.)

Fa cattivo tempo. (The weather is bad.)

Ha fatto caldo. (It has been warm.)

Qui fa sempre freddo. (It's always cold here.)

In primavera fa sempre fresco. (In spring it's always cool.)

Besides idiomatic expressions, and expressions relating to the weather, the verb fare is used in a number of proverbs:

Fare e disfare è tutt'un lavorare. (It's all go, it's a hard life.)Chi la fa l'aspetti.

(You will get as good as you gave.)

Chi fa da sé fa per tre. (If you want something done, do it yourself.)

Non fare agli altri ciò che non vorresti fosse fatto a te. (Do as you would be done by.)

Tutto fa brodo. (Every little bit helps.)

Chi non sa fare, non sa comandare. (A bad worker is a bad master.)

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH FAREfare i compiti to do one's homeworkfare il biglietto to purchase a ticketfare la fila / la coda stand in line / wait in linefare la spesa to go grocery shoppingfare le spese to go shoppingfare vedere to show someone somethingfare una domanda to ask a questionfare una fotografia to take a picturefare una passeggiata to take a walkfare colazione to have breakfastfare un viaggio to take a trip

fare un capello in quattro to split hairsfarsi la barba to shavefarsi coraggio to take heartfare castelli in aria to daydreamfare fingere to pretend, make believefare male to be painful, to achefarsi in la to step to one sidefare di tutto to do everything possiblefare del proprio meglio to do one's bestfarsi degli amici to make friendsfare alla romana to split the checkfare il pieno to fill up the gas tankfare passare to let through

Questions | AnswersFare and Idiomatic ExpressionsA. Complete the following statements with the appropriate idiomatic expression.

fare il biglietto fare una gita

fare il viaggio fare un pezzo di strada

fare dello sport fare da mangiare

fare colazione fare la spesa

fare le spese fare la coda

fare a metà fare a pezzi

fare il pieno fare una domanda

fare presto/fare tardi fare la valigia

fare vedere qualcosa a qualcuno

PRATICA:

fare una visita

• Oggi vado a ________ in campagna.

• La tua casa è molto lontana, prima ho preso l'autobus e poi ________ a piedi.

• Per mantenersi in forma e in buona salute è bene ________.FARE COSE DA FCARE

• C'è molta gente allo sportello dei biglietti, devi ________ per una mezz'oretta

•• Ogni mattina, prima di uscire, io ________ con la mia famiglia.

• Prendo il treno dell 12,40 per Milano e devo ancora ________.

• Oggi vado in centro a ________, devo comprare diverse cose.

• Maria va al mercato ogni mattina e ________, dopo torna a casa e ________ per tutta la famiglia.

• Il serbatoio della macchina è vuoto, se voglio partire devo ________ al distributore.

• Ho comprato un dolce, posso ________ con te se lo vuoi.

• Oggi tu ________ al tuo amico che è ammalato.

Qui ci sono le risposti

• Oggi vado a fare una gita in campagna.

• La tua casa è molto lontana, prima ho preso l'autobus e poi ho fatto un pezzo di strada a piedi.

• Per mantenersi in forma e in buona salute è bene fare dello sport.

• C'è molta gente allo sportello dei biglietti, devi fare la coda per una mezz'oretta.

• Ogni mattina, prima di uscire, io faccio colazione con la mia famiglia.

• Prendo il treno dell 12,40 per Milano e devo ancora fare la valigia.

• Oggi vado in centro a fare le spese, devo comprare diverse cose.

• Maria va al mercato ogni mattina e fa la spesa, dopo torna a casa e fa da mangiare per tutta la famiglia.

• Il serbatoio della macchina è vuoto, se voglio partire devo fare il pieno al distributore.

• Ho comprato un dolce, posso fare a metà con te se lo vuoi.

• Oggi tu fai una visita al tuo amico che è ammalato.

COMMON WEATHER EXPRESSIONS Com'è il tempo? = What's the weather like?Soleggiato = sunnyVentoso = windyVento = windTemporale = thunderstormGiornate fresche = cool daysMite = mildFoschia = mistBrina = white frostBrezza, venticello = breezeSi muore dal caldo qui dentro! = It's way too hot in here!Afoso = muggy (humid)Appiccicoso = stickyLampo = lightningUmido = humid

Hot = caldoSole splendente = bright sunshineBrezza rinfrescante = cooling breezeTromba d'aria = tornadoGrandine = hailstoneCaldo = heat, hot  (in summer, hot or very warm means more than seven degrees Celsius above normal temperatures).Bassa pressione = low pressureUragano = hurricaneCiclone = cyclone, typhoon (if in a tropical area)Velocità del vento = wind speedSabbia = sandPrecipitazioni = precipitation (the falling to earth of any form of water, ie. rain, snow, hail, sleet or mist)Visibilità = visibilityTramonto = sunsetAlba = dawnCielo sereno = clear sky (virtually cloud- free)Buona visibilità = good visibilityRaffica di vento = gustIndice di calore = heat index (an index that combines air temperature and humidity to give an apparent temperature, ie. how hot it feels).Ondata di calore = heat wave (a period of abnormally hot weather lasting several days.)Arcobaleno = rainbowSiccità = drought (a shortage of rainfall)Brezza di mare = sea breezePiogge scarse = scattered showersTurbolenza = turbulence  

WEATHER IN ITALIAN

Il tempo (weather) is particularly important for the Italians, it is a central element of their life, influences their mood and their daily activities. Italy is well known to be the country of the sole (sun), Italy’s climate is seasonal and varied from north to south because of its conformation and long shape of a boot.Let’s get started with our lesson:

- Quali sono le previsioni del tempo per oggi? What’s the weather forecast for today?

-- Com’è il tempo? How’s the weather?-

- Che tempo fa? What’s the weather like?

-There are a lot of possible answers to that question. Here are the most common…Fa caldo. It’s warm.

Fa freddo. It’s cold.

È ventoso. It’s windy

È burrascoso. It’s stormy.

Fa caldo. It’s hot.

È soleggiato. It’s sunny.

È sereno. It’s clear.

È nuvoloso. It’s cloudy.

È piacevole. It’s nice.

È freddissimo. It’s icy.

E’ umido. It’s humid.

You can use the word “molto” (very) for all of the above phrases to emphasize that it’s not just cold or warm, but very cold or very warm (fa molto freddo, fa molto caldo)

When talking about rain or snow you can use the following expressions…

sta piovendo or piove. It’s raining.

Sta nevicando. It’s snowing o nevThe following are expressions to talk more generally about the weather conditions…Fa cattivo tempo. It’s miserable weather.

Fa/È bel tempo. It’s good weather.

Fa/È brutto tempo. It’s bad weather.

Other useful words…

L’arcobaleno The rainbow

La grandine The hail

La pioggia The rain

Il tuono The thunder

Il temporale The thunderstorm

Il lampo The lightning

Il terremoto The earthquake

La tempesta The storm

L’uragano The hurricane

La temperatura The temperature

La nebbia The fog

L’inondazione The flood

Il ghiaccio The ice

La neve The snow

Il fiocco di neve The snowflake

La nuvola The cloud

Il vento The wind 

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MY PICS OF ITALY

Wheather

W hat's the weather like?It's hot Fa caldoIt's cold Fa freddoIt's a nice day Fa bel tempoIt's cloudy È nuvolosoIt's freezing È gelido

It's w

C'è ventoIt's rainy È piovoso

What's the weather like?

It's hot Fa caldoIt's cold Fa freddoIt's a nice day Fa bel tzing

1. Non Ci Sono le Opere oggi per fare questa lezione2. Tutto il lavoro con le pagine qui:

3. Provini I

1. Andare a cavallo2. Pescare3. Il Pallone4. Il campo5. Il campeggio6. L’arbitro7. Il premio8. Fare un giro9. Imparare10. Viaggiare

1. soccer player 2. to live (in)3. to pay attention4. to do / to make

5. to desire 6. to arrive 7. squisito8. all’inizio9. giocare al calcio10. to walk in the park

PROVINO II

A

1. we study2. They play3. To listen to….4. Fare il bagno…5. Fare una domanda6. Overcast7. Windy8. Rain9. Its cold out10. Its hot out

B

1. Tifare2. pagare3. frequentare4. To go food shopping5. To ask a question6. Lightning7. Snow8. It is raining9. Hello10. birthday

4. SIENTERI textbook Capitolo 2

The following pages are important for vocabulary and grammar

Sientieri pagina 40

Andare a cavalloAndare al cinemaAndare in biciclettaAscoltare la musicaBallareCantare

Guardare la tivu/TV Nuotare Pescare Suonare la batteria Suonare la chittara Suonare il piano (pianoforte) Lo sportL’atleticaIl campeggioIl campoIl ciclismoLa danza classicaIl footboll americanoLe freccetteIl nuotoLa palestraLa pallavolloLo sciLo stadio

Espressione Utili pagina 45Che cosa ti piace fare?

Penso di Penso di studiare la storia.

Io vado a un spettacoloNow:

A me piace giocare ……. Vs

Mi piace giocare……………. A me/ mi piace

( a me/ a te/ a lei … a noi a voi a loro)-dysjunctive pronounsPronouns issue:

Direct objects answer the question (WHOM?)WHO? Or WHAT”

Jon throws the ball.

Jon throws the ball.

Subject Verb Direct ObjectProper noun

He throws the ball.

He throws it.Subject pronoun verb Direct Object PRONOUN

A pronoun takes the place of a noun

Direct objects MeYou Him/her/it

UsYou all(all of) you formalthem

A direct object is the direct recipient of the action of a verb.I invite the boys.  Whom do I invite?  The boys.

He reads the book.  What does he read?  The book.

The nouns boys and books are direct objects. They answer the question what? or whom? Verbs that take a direct object are called transitive verbs. Verbs that do not take a direct object (she walks, I sleep) are intransitive.

Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns.I invite the boys.  I invite them.He reads the book.  He reads it.In Italian the forms of the direct object pronouns (i pronomi diretti) are as follows:

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

SINGULAR PLURAL

mi me ci us

ti you (informal) vi you (informal)

La you (formal m. and f.)

Li you (form., m.)

Le you (form., f.)

lo him, it li them (m. and f.)

la her, it le them (f.)A direct object pronoun is placed immediately before a conjugated verb.

Note direct and indirect object pronouns come (are placed) before the verbs (usually) in Italian

Se vedo i ragazzi, li invito.

(If I see the boys, I’ll invite them.)

Compra la frutta e la mangia. (He buys the fruit and eats it.)

In a negative sentence, the word non must come before the object pronoun.

Non la mangia. (He doesn’t eat it.)Perchè non li inviti? (Why don’t you invite them?)

Dysjunctive pronouns: A me piace giocare …….

Italian Indirect VersionDirect object nouns and pronouns answer the question what? or whom? Indirect object nouns and pronouns

answer the question to whom? or for whom? In English the word to is often omitted: We gave a cookbook to Uncle John.—We gave Uncle John a cookbook. In Italian, the preposition a is always used before an indirect object noun.

Abbiamo regalato un libro di cucina allo zio Giovanni. (We gave a cookbook to Uncle John.)

Perché non regali un profumo alla mamma? (Why don’t you give Mother some perfume?)

Puoi spiegare questa ricetta a Paolo? (Can you explain this recipe to Paul?)

Indirect object pronouns (i pronomi indiretti) replace indirect object nouns.

Key word is TO

INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS:To:]They are identical in form to direct object pronouns, except for the third person forms gli, le, and loro.

SINGULAR PLURALmi (to/for) to me ci (to/for) to us

ti (to/for) to you vi (to/for) to you all

Le (to/for) to you (formal m. and f.)

Loro (to/for) to you (form., m. and f.) To (ALL OF) you

gli (to/for)to him loro (to/for) to them

le (to/for) to herIndirect object pronouns, like direct object pronouns, precede a conjugated verb, except for loro and Loro, which follow the verb.

Le Ho dato tre ricette. (I gave her three recipes.)Ci offrono un caffè. (They offer us a cup of coffee.)Parliamo loro domani. (We’ll talk to them tomorrow.)Che cosa regali allo zio Giovanni? (What are you giving Uncle John?)

Gli regalo un libro di cucina. (I'll give him a cookbook.)Indirect object pronouns are attached to an infinitive, and the –e of the infinitive is dropped.

Non ho tempo di parlargli. (I have no time to talk to him.)If the infinitive is preceded by a form of dovere, potere, or volere, the indirect object pronoun is either attached to the infinitive (after the –e is dropped) or placed before the conjugated verb.

Voglio parlargli. Gli voglio parlare. I want to talk to him.

The POSITION LAW of OBJECT PRONOUNS

Voglio parlargli. Gli voglio parlare. I want to talk to him.Voglio parlargli. Gli voglio parlare. I want to talk to him.

Object pronouns come before conjugated verbs

OR

The follow the infinitives and are attached!!Ti piacciono I film? Si’, mi piacciono molto!

…A NOTE ABOUT DYSJUNCTIVE PRONOUNS below! I Pronomi Tonici

ITALIAN DISJUNCTIVE OR "STRESSED" PRONOUNS: I PRONOMI TONICI

We learned the direct and indirect object pronouns - mi, ti, lo, la, gli, le, etc. Unlike English, Italian has another version of these which you use after a preposition or verb, often for greater emphasis (hence the name "stressed pronouns").

First we'll learn what these pronouns are, then we'll see how to use them.

Dysjunctive Pronouns / also called: Stressed Pronounsa me (me)a te (you)a Lei (you formal)a lui (him)a lei (her)a sé (yourself, himself, herself, oneself - reflexive)

a noi (us)a voi (you plural)a Loro (you plural formal)a loro (them)a sé (yourselves, themselves - also reflexive)

So they look like a hybrid of direct or indirect object pronouns and subject pronouns.

But take note: although Lei, lui, lei, noi, voi and loro look like subject pronouns, when used disjunctively and they are not subjects!So how are they used?

Mi piace = I like it (It is pleasing to me)

A me piace= I (Really!) like it! Stressed/Emphatic

Io ti vedo= I see you

But VEDO TE = I SEE YOU!!!!! Stresed/Emphatic

Gli parlo. I am speaking to him.Parlo a lui, non a Te!

I am speaking to him, NOT TO YOU!

Stressed/Emphatic

Back to ESPRESSIONI UTILI

Io adoro = I love…Io adoro la pallavolo!

Fare la spesa

FARE LA SPESA!

________________________________________________

Fare le spese!

FARE LE SPESE

FARE LO SHOPPING!!!

Fare le spese

FARE LO SHOPPING

Studiate!!!Work in home journalMini-lezioneSummarize lesson todayBuona Fortuna!!!In Bocca al Lupo!!!

wolf

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in bocca al lupo!!!!!!!!!!