VIII - dl.sangu.edu.gedl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/shromebiVIII.pdf · gr. veSapiZe: ukeTebs SekiTxvas samoqalaqo da sisxlis kanonebis Sesaxeb. kreba adgens, rom SekiTxvebi oratorisadmi moispos

ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა და სამართლის ფაკულტეტის

შრომები

VIII

gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~

Tbilisi 2018

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulissaxelobis qarTuli universiteti

ეძღვნება საქართველოს

სახელმწიფოებრივი დამოუკიდებლობის აღდგენის

100 წლისთავს

ტომი გამოსაცემად მოამზადეს:

profesorma vaxtang gurulma da

istoriis doqtorma levan jiqiam

დიზაინი და დაკაბადონება:

Tamar qavJaraZe

© gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~

© avtorTa jgufi

ISSN 2346-7657

ST. ANDREW THE FIRST CALLED GEORGIAN UNIVERSITY OF THE PATRIARCHATE OF GEORGIA

Works of Faculty of Humanities and Law

VIII

Is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the restoration of state independence of Georgia

Publishing House `Georgian University~

Tbilisi 2018

THE COLLECTION WAS PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION

by Doctor of History, Professor Vakhtang Guruli

and Doctor of History Levan Jikia

DESIGN AND LAYOUT:

Tamar Qavzharadze

© Publishing House `Georgian University~

© Group of authors

ISSN 2346-7657

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vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruliprofesori

Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes (1918 wlis 26 maisi)

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis momzadeba da gamocxadeba

uaRresad rTul samxedro-politikur viTarebaSi moxda. es ganpirobebuli iyo pir-

veli msoflio omis pirobebSi Seqmnili saerTaSoriso viTarebiT, ruseTSi arsebuli

politikuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri krizisiT, saqarTveloSi qveynis garedan

inspirirebuli separatistuli moZraobiT, eTnikuri da religiuri konfliqtebiT.

dRemde saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis bevri mniSvnelovani sakiTxi

tendenciurad aris gaSuqebuli, aTwleulebis manZilze grZeldeba istoriuli proce-

sis politikuri Tu sxva mizniT gayalbeba, im epoqis gamoCenil saxelmwifo moRvaweTa

msoflmxedvelobisa da praqtikuli moRvaweobis arasworad warmoCena.

qvemoT vaqveynebT dokumentebsa da masalebs, romlebic obieqturad warmoaCenen saqa-

rTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis istorias.

#1. saqarTvelos meore interpartiuli krebis sxdomis oqmi 1917 wlis 16 aprili

qarTul interpartiul pirvel krebas, romelic moxda 1917 w. apri-

lis pirvel ricxvebSi da romelmac safuZveli Cauyara erTgvar SeTanxmebas

saqarTveloSi arsebul partiaTa Soris, oqmi ar uwarmoebia.

meore interpartiuli kreba Sesdga ama wlis aprilis 16, kviras. daeswrnen

erovnul-demokratebis, social-federalistebis da social-demokratebis

warmomadgenlebi, kerZod:

erovnul-demokratebidan: g. gvazava, g. Juruli, d. vaCnaZe, g. veSapiZe, s.

kedia da b. asaTiani.

socialist-federalistebidan: g. lasxiSvili, gr. rcxilaZe, i. baraTaSvi-

li, s. mdivani, s. fircxalava, s. dadiani, S. mesxiSvili.

social-demokratebidan: a. Cxenkeli, n. ramiSvili, g. faRava, g. giorgaZe, p.

sayvareliZe.

krebas agreTve daeswrnen: m. maCabeli, da v. TumaniSvili.

Tavmjdomared erTxmad irCeven a. Cxenkels, mdivnad _ p. sayvareliZes (...)

a. Cxenkeli: Cveni krebis mizania erovnul sakiTxSi SeTanxmeba. pirvel krebaze samma par-

tiam (social-demokratebi, socialist-federalistebi da nacional-demokratebi) gaakeTa

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vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruli

moxseneba da gaacno krebas Tavisi Sexeduleba saganze. sakiTxi orad gavyaviT: saqarTvelos

teritoria da erovnuli seimis kompetencia. pirvelze msjeloba pirvel krebaze gvqonda.

meoreze dRes gveqneba laparaki. pirvel _ teritoriul kiTxvaSi _ moxda erTgvari SeTanxme-

ba. saqarTvelos teritoriuli erTeulis sazRvrebi saerTod naCvenebia, Tumca dawvrilebiT

saxelobiTad CamoTvlili ar iyo yvela misi nawilebi. garda amisa, Tavis mxriv teritoriuli

sakiTxis ori mxare aRniSna: saqarTvelos erTeulis udao da sadao teritoria.

udao teritoria is aris, sadac qarTveloba umravlesobas Seadgens, qarTvelTa realuri

mosaxleobaa. sadao teritoria _ periferiebia, ganapira raionebia, sadac umravlesobas qa-

rTveloba ar Seadgens, an xalxis survili ar viciT saiT moisurvebs wasvlas. amnairad sadao

teritoriis bedi sabolood gadaWrili araa. am teritoriis sazRvrebSi saqme unda gadawydes

adgilobriv xalxis SekiTxviT da referendumiT.

qalaqi Tbilisi udao teritoriis sazRvrebSia Setanili. amaSi yvela partiis warmomadgenel-

ni SeTanxmdnen. sadao teritoriaSi referendumis garda ekonomikuri mosazrebiTac unda gvex-

elmZRvanela, zogierTebis azriT. magram ekonomikur mxares gansakuTrebuli gamoyofa aRar eW-

irveba, radgan xalxi referendumis dros mxedvelobaSi miiRebs mTels mdgomareobas, sakiTxis

yovel mxares, rogorc ekonomiurs, ise eTnografiuls da sazogadoebriv-kulturuls.

axla meore sakiTxze gadavideT. kompetenciis sagani gaviTvaliswinoT. rogorc vTqviT,

teritoriul sakiTxSi erTgvari SeTanxmeba moxda, Tumca am SeTanxmebisaTvis Camoyalibebuli

sax ear migvicia. roca kompetenciis kiTxvebSi movaxdenT azrTa gacvla-gamocvlas da saer-

Tod SevTanxmdebiT, isev davubrundebiT teritorias sabolovo gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.

TavisTavad kompetenciis sakiTxi SegviZlia davanawiloT kamaTis nayofierebisaTvis Sem-

degnairad: 1. saqarTvelos teritorialuri erTeulis kompetencia; 2. am erTeulis damok-

idebuleba sxva amierkavkasiaSi arsebul teritorialur erTeulebTan da 3. am erTeulis da

sruliad ruseTis centris urTierTuli damokidebuleba. gTxovT, ilaparakoT am saganze.

g. gvazava: teritorialur sakiTxSi Cven ukve SevTanxmdiT. saqarTvelos teritorialur

erTeuls uflebaTa minimum mainc unda mieniWos. saerTo zogad saxelmwifuri saqmeebi ruseTis

centris xelSi iqmneba, danarCeni gadaecema adgilobriv erTeuls. Sinauri politikuri kiTx-

vebi saqarTvelom TviTon unda gadawyvitos. amgvari wyobilebis magaliTebi bevria, Tu gind

aviRoT Sveicaria, an CrdiloeT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. gansazRvra saerTo an kerZo

kiTxvebis did siZneles ar warmoadgens. yovelive es CamoTvlilia avtonomiur qveynebis kon-

stituciebSi. saerTo kiTxvebSi Tanxmobaa, aq centria baton-patroni. kerZo kiTxvebs uZRveba

avtonomiuri erTeuli. es Tu ase gvesmis yvelas, SeTanxmeba advilia. social-demokratebs da

Cvens Soris aris cota winaaRmdegoba. social-demokratiul programaSi decentralizaciis

moTxovna aris. rogor esmiT es social-demokratebs, rogori iqmneba es decentralizacia?

cxadia, ruseTSi respublika iqmneba. respublikas prezidenti eyoleba. marTva-gamgeoba ro-

gori iqmneba maSin CvenSi? agreTve sainteresoa vicodeT, rogor moewyoba saknonmdeblo da

samosamarTlo cxovreba.

S. mesxiSvili da n. ramiSvili sTxoven giorgi gvazavas, rom nacional-demokratebis azri

gamoTqvas kompetenciis Sesaxeb.

g. gvazava: Tu ruseTi federatiuli iqmneba, centris xelSi darCeba sayovelTao saqmee-

bi: aseTia jari, floti, saerTaSoriso politika, sabaJo, gadasaxadi, saxelmwifo biujeti,

zogierTi rkinis gza, telegrafi, fosta, zogi telefoni, savaWro politika, samoqalaqo da

sisxlis samarTlidan zogierTi sazogado kanonebi, magaliTad, Sesaxeb veqsilisa, bankisa, Ra-

latisa da sxva. samosamarTlo procesis SemuSaveba centrs eqmneba davalebuli. agreTve cen-

trma unda uzrunvelyos moqalaqeobrivi Tavisufleba. avtonomias neba eqmneba mxolod gaa-

farTovos es Tavisufleba. iq, centrSi, uflebaTa minimum iqmneba aRniSnuli, aq, avtonomiaSi,

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maqsimumi. fuli, wona, zoma centris xelSia. danarCeni saqmeebi da maT Soris kanonmdebloba

avtonomiur erTeulSi wydeba. garantia _ federacia.

Tu unitaruli respublika ganxorcielda, maSin saqarTvelo 1783 w. xelSekrulebis

niadagze unda dadges. brZola wminda uflebriv xasiaTs Rebulobs. avtonomia am SemTxvevaSi

ufro vrceli da farTe Sinaarsis unda iyos. marTva-gamgeobis decentralizaciis TvaliT

Tu ganvixilavT kiTxvas, adgilobriv avtonomias SeiZleba eyolos sakuTari prezidenti. mTe-

li ruseTis respublikas eyoleba saerTo prezidenti, rasakvirvelia. amerikaSi adgilobriv

mmarTvels _ gubernators irCeven; inglisis kolobienSi _ centraluri mTavroba agzavnis;

SveicariaSi xalxi irCevs aRmasrulebel Zalas. kanonmdebloba saerToa da adgilobrivi. adg-

ilobriv kanonebs adasturebs centris warmomadgeneli. SeiZleba amgvarad warmoavidginoT

Cveni mdgomareoba. parlamenti demokratiuli unda iyos. amasTan, Cven vTxoulobT propor-

cionalur warmomadgenlobas umciresobebisaTvis _ sulerTia es umciresoba erovnuli iqneba

Tu politikuri. rac Seexeba samosamarTlo decentralizacias, yoveli saqme aqve unda Tav-

debodes. momrigebeli mosamarTle airCeva. iqmneba momrigebel mosamarTleTa kreba, saolqo

sasamarTlo da palata. senati aq unda iyos.

g. rcxilaZe: SeuZlebelia kiTxvis ise dasma, rogorc amas g. gvazava Sveba. erTi gansaz-

Rvruli dadebiTi moTxovnileba unda SevimuSavoT da ara ori, or sxvadasxva mosalodnel _

an federacia, an unitarizmi.

n. ramiSvili: ver gamigia, raT elian naklebs federatiul wyobilebis dros, an ratom mo-

viTxovoT meti unitaruli respublikis dros. pirdapir unda iTqvas, rom ruseTi federacia-

mde ar miva. es iqmneboda ekonomiurad ukandamxevi da politikurad SeuZlebeli. Cvens kiTxvas

sami ram axasiaTebs: samarTali, marTva-gamgeoba da kanonmdebloba.

sasamarTlo adgilobrivia, mosamarTleni _ arCeuli da ara daniSnuli. saqmis war-

moeba qarTul enaze iqneba, raRa Tqma unda. rogorc principi ki unda iyos braldebu-

lis enis xmareba, rogorc es gaviTarebul demokratiebSia. marTva-gamgeoba adgilobrivi

pirebis xelSia. aris sasoflo TviTmmarTveloba, samazro da kantonuri gamgeoba. cen-

tri anxorcielebs kanonebs adgilobrivi pirebis saSualebiT. umTavresia kanonmdebloba

erovnul-demokratebma winaT sTqves: centrs mxolod jaris, flotis da sx. same unda ek-

iTxebodeso. Cven vambobT: centris xelSi unda iyos umTavresi kanonebis gamocema, sisxlis

da samoqalaqo samarTali, socialuri kanonmdebloba, savaWro politika da sxv. federa-

cia ruseTSi, rogorc vTqviT, ar moewyoba. federacia sadac aris iqac izRudeba. iqmneba

farTo decentralizacia. TviT finlandiaSi ismeba kiTxva savaWro da sabaJo kedlebis

mospobis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelo sameurneo qveyanaa. aq ar iqmneba saxelmwifo, rogorc fin-

landia. es iqmneba ufro adgilobrivi erovnuli TviTmmarTveloba. Cven aq sxva erebTan

SeuTanxmeblad ver vimoqmedebT. mezoblebTan damokidebulebas gansazRvruli forma unda

mieces. amierkavkasiis seimi aucileblad saWiro iqmneba. zogierTi kiTxvebi (gza, arxi da

sxv.) erTad gadasawyveti eqnebaT aqaur erebs. seimi uTuod saWiroa, Tundac misi sesiebi

SezRuduli da xanmokle iyos. kulturuli kiTxvebi nacionaluri erTeulis xelSi gadava

erTianad.

S. mesxiSvili: rogor dgeba amier-kavkasiis seimi?

n. ramiSvili: amier-kavkasia cxaddeba erT mTlian erTeulad. mas eqneba Tavisi parlamen-

ti, anu seimi sazogado demokratiuli wesiT arCeuli. aseTi seimi SeiZleba, is aucilebelia

erebis SeTanxmebisaTvis.

g. rcxilaZe: sami SekiTxva: sakasacio sasamarTlo sad iarsebebs? marTva-gamgeobis saqmeebs

adgilobrivad swyveten Tu ara? ra kiTxvebSi eqneba kanonmdeblobis ufleba qarTul terito-

rialur erTeuls?

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n. ramiSvili: am kiTxvebis detaluri gamokvleva aq SeuZlebelia. sakasacio saqmeebi zogi

centrSi gairCeva, zogi _ adgilobriv. aq misaRebia ufro Sereuli sistema. umTavresad ki sa-

samarTlo saqmeebi aqve gairCeva. marTva-gamgeoba iqmneba, rogorc sxva demokratiul qveyneb-

Si. kavSiri uda darCes centrTan. dawvrilebiT, Tu ra saxes miiRebs es urTierToba, axla Zne-

li saTqmelia. adgilobriv erTeulis kompetenciaSi ar Seva omi, zavi, samoqalaqo da sisxlis

samarTali, muSaTa kanonmdebloba, savaWro politika da sxva.

gr. veSapiZe: ukeTebs SekiTxvas samoqalaqo da sisxlis kanonebis Sesaxeb.

kreba adgens, rom SekiTxvebi oratorisadmi moispos.

saqarTvelos centraluri saxelmwifo saistorio arqivi, fondi 1836, aRwera 1, saqme 6,

furclebi 1-8. manqanaze nabeWdi. dedani. akaki Cxenkelisa da pavle sayvareliZis xelrTva.

#2. saqarTvelos pirvel erovnul yrilobaze noe Jordanias moxsenebis _ `dRevandeli momenti da qarTveli eris politikuri mdgomareoba~ _

gamo misaRebi rezoluciis proeqtis SemmuSavebeli erovnul-politikuri seqciis sxdomis oqmi

19 noemberi 1917 weli

pirveli qarTuli erovnuli yrilobaerovnul-politikuri seqciis sxdomis oqmi

19 noemberi 1917 weli

interpartiuli sabWos davalebiT n. Jordanias mier wakiTxuli moxsen-

ebis _ `dRevandeli momenti da qarTveli eris politikuri mdgomareobis~

_ gamo rezoliuciebis SesamuSaveblad saqarTvelos pirvelma erovnulma

yrilobam gamoyo erovnul-politikuri seqcia, romelSiac Sevidnen yvela

politikur fraqciaTa warmomadgenlebi:

social-demokratebisagan: n. Jordania, gr. giorgaZe, v. juReli, gr. urataZe,

k. gvarjalaZe, m. klimiaSvili, g. faRava, d. oniaSvili.

socialist-federalistebisagan: giorgi laxsiSvili, gr. rcxilaZe, gr. gve-

lesiani, iason baqraZe, i. fancxava, s. fircxalava, dito uznaZe, akaki faRava.

social-demokratebisagan (alionelebisagan): p. sayvareliZe, d. suliaSvili,

leo Sengelaia, nik. qarcivaZe.

socialist-revolucionerebisagan: iv. gobeCia, ioseb gobeCia, par. sabaSvili.

nacional-demokratebisagan: giorgi gvazava, gr. veSapeli, vas. wereTeli,

Salva amirejibi, t. tabiZe, l. jafariZe, d. guramiSvili, ir. amirejibi.

seqciis TavmjdomareT yrilobis mier arCeuli iyo iv. gobeCia, mdivnad seqci-

am airCia akaki faRava. pirveli sxdoma daiwyo saRamos 10 s. sakrebulos darbazSi.

pirvelad rezoliuciis proeqts kiTxulobs n. Jordania:

`qarTuli erovnuli yriloba, moismina ra moxseneba n. Jordaniasi Sesaxeb dRevandeli

momentisa da qarTveli eris politikuri mdgomareobisa, adgens:

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1. qarTveli eri, rogorc am asi wlis ganmavlobaSi, sdgas ruseTis orientaciis

niadagze.

2. qarTvel demokratiam dRidan Tavisi politikuri arsebobisa Tavisi svebedi

mWidrod daukavSira ruseTis demokratias da masTan erTad moqmedebiT fiqrobs

Tavisi politikuri, ekonomiuri da nacionaluri miswrafebani ganaxorcielos.

3. ruseTis SuagulSi gaCaRebuli samoqalaqo omis meoxebiT dRes ar arsebobs

erTi centraluri revoluciuri mTavroba, cnobili mTeli revoluciuri ruse-

Tis mier. am garemoebam aiZula yvela ganapira qveynebi da maT Soris amier-

kavkasiac Tavisi Sinauri saqmeebi Tavisive Zal-RoniT moagvaron da Sesaferi

dawesebulebani Seqmnan.

4. yriloba mxars uWers amierkavkasiis axlad Semdgar mmarTvelobis droebiT orga-

nos àmierkavkasiis komisariats~.

5. adgilobrivi mimdinare kiTxvebis saTanado gadawyveta da cxovrebaSi gatareba

aucileblad xdis amierkavkasiis warmomadgenelTa krebis mowvevas im deputatebi-

sagan, romelSic axlad irCevian ruseTis damfuZnebel krebisaTvis. ricxvi dep-

utatebisa unda iqmnas gamravlebuli Tanaxmad proporciulad miRebuli xmebisa

sxvadasxva partiebis mier.

6. yriloba saWirod scnobs amierkavkasiis seimSi Sesdges qarTvel deputatebisa-

gan qarTuli erovnuli sabWo nacionalur kiTxvaTa da saWiroebaTa gasarkvevad,

gasaZRolad da cxovrebaSi gasatareblad.

7. yvela am adgilobriv ZalTa Tavis moyra ara kmara yvela mimdinare saWiroeba-

Ta dasakmayofileblad. gansakuTrebiT saWiroebani kavkasiis frontis Senaxvisa,

kiTxva omisa da zavisa, sasursaTo, finansebisa da sx. Cveni ZiriTadi interesebi

moiTxoven dauyovnebliv aRdgenil iqmnas ruseTis revoliuciuri mTavroba da

mowveuli damfuZnebeli kreba.

8. ruseTis damfuZnebel krebas Cven movTxovT iseTi nacionaluri normebis Seqm-

nas qarTveli erisaTvis, romelic mas miscems saSvalebas Tavisufal kulturuli

ganviTarebisas. aseT normad migvaCnia saqarTvelos teritoriis sruli TviTm-

marTveloba sakuTari sakanonmdeblo krebiT adgilobriv kiTxvebze. teritoriis

sazRvrebi gaimijnebian dainteresebul mosazRvre ÿerebis TanxmobiT. saqarTve-

loSi momwyvdeuli nacionaluri umciresobani miiReben srul uflebriv garan-

tias kulturuli ganviTarebisas. yriloba saWiroT aRiarebs am mTavar kiTxvaSi

moxdes SeTanxmeba amierkavkasiis erTa Soris saerTo nacionaluri polatformiT

damfuZnebel krebis winaSe warsadgomad.

9. Tu ruseTis samoqalaqo omi gagrZeleba da damfuZnebeli krebis mowveva axlo mo-

mavalSi ver moxerxda unda iqmnas mowveuli adgilobrivi damfuZnebeli krebebi,

romelic urTierTis TanxmobiT daamyareben Sesafer demokratiul da nacionalur

weswyobilebas, rogorc TviToeul erovnul teritoriul erTeulSi, ise mTel

amierkavkasiaSi.

10. saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaze zrunva da misi mowveva evaleba erovnul

sabWos~.

am proeqtis wakiTxvis Semdeg sityva eZleva g. gvazavas. igi acxadebs: zogierTi mux-

li proeqtisa mexamuSeba. umjobesia pirveli da meore muxli gakvriT iyos gamoTqmuli.

amis garda amierkavkasiis seimSi seqciis gamoyofa ver aris saxeiro erisa da TviT so-

cial-demokratiisaTvisac. amierkavkasiis saarCevno olqSi areulia jarebi, ucxo mosax-

leoba qarTvel erSi. Tu yuradRebas mivaqcevT absenteizmsac maSin seimis qarTuli seqcia

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ver iqneba namdvili warmomadgenloba qarTveli erisa. meore kidev, seimSi Cvens seqcias

saTanado mniSvneloba ar eqneba. aucilebelia saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba, romlis

mowvevamdi yrilobis mier arCeuli sabWo unda moqmedebdes.

gr. rcxilaZe winadadebas iZleva SevudgeT proeqtis muxlebriv ganxilvas. amas mxars

uWeren vas. wereTeli, k. gvarjalaZe, winaaRmdegia gr. veSapeli. gadis rcxilaZis wina-

dadeba.

momxsenebeli kiTxulobs pirvel muxls da ganmartavs, Tu rad aris ase cxadaT ga-

tarebuli rusuli orientacia. igi ambobs: dRes obieqturi pirobebi, garda principialu-

ri mosazrebisa, iseTia, rom Cven cxadaT unda vaRiaroT rusuli orientacia. umTavresad

yuradsaRebia aq is garemoeba, rom Cvens frontze sdgas amdeni jari, romelic Tu Cven

sxva gzas davadeqiT, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi xels aiRebs frontis dacvaze.

g. lasxiSvili eTanxmeba Jordanias mosazrebas, magram zedmetaT miaCnia xazgasma am

mdgomareobisa, miT ufro, rom ruseTTan kavSiri gamoTqmulia meore muxlSi.

momxsenebeli kiTxulobs meore muxls.

veSapeli: rezoliuciebSi vilaparakoT iseT rameebze, rac yvelas gvaerTebs, fronti-

saTvis Cvens rezoliucias imdeni mniSvneloba ara aqvs. wminda rusuli orientacia Segvz-

Rudavs, radganac Cvenis yrilobis rezolucia marto Sin da frontze ar gaitaneba; amas

gareSenic gaigeben da Tu Cven iZulebuli SeviqeniT orientacia SevcvaloT momavalSi,

maSin aseTi rezoliucia gvavnebs.

i. baqraZe moiTxovs iseTi rezoliuciebi gamovitanoT, rac faqtiurad gatardeba

Cvens cxovrebaSi, sxvas Tavi davaneboT.

gr. rcxilaZe: avtoris redaqciiT pirveli muxli miuRebelia: fronti ifiqrebs amaT

gamarjveba undaTo. es rozoliucia iwereba ara frontisaTvis da sagareo saxelmwifoe-

bisaTvis aramed qarTveli xalxisaTvis. jer Cveni saWiroebani unda vaRiaroT da mere

vTqvaT visi daxmarebiT gavanaRdebT mas.

koniaSvili iZleva winadadebas amoiSalos pirveli muxli da Seswordes meore.

Jordania: pirveli muxli politikaa, meore empirizmi.

i. gobeCia: pirveli muxlis winaaRmdegi ara var, Tu daemateba: `revoliuciur ruseTTan~.

bolos SeTanxmebiT pirveli muxli uaryofilia da meore xdeba pirvel muxlad. meore

muxli ukamaTod miRebulia.

mesame muxlis Sesaxeb gr. veSapeli acxadebs, rom Cven partias (n. d.) unda qondes

adgili amierkavkasiis komisariatSi, vinaidan Cven sapatio adgili gviWiravs realur cx-

ovrebaSi.

rcxilaZe winadadebas iZleva mxari davuWiroT amierkavkasiis komisariats imdenaT,

ramdenaTac igi ganaxorcielebs revoliucionuri centrebis dadgenilebebs.

s. mdivani: komisariats mxari davuWiroT, Tu igi adgilobriv erTa politikurad Cam-

oyalibebas xels Seuwyobs.

Jordania: am muxlSi principialuri mxarea gamoTqmuli.

bolos es muxlic miRebulia.

gr. rcxilaZe acxadebs: socialist-federalistTa fraqciam ganixila proeqti da

Semdegi Sesworebani Seitana (kiTxulobs proeqts Secvlili saxiT). amas garda fraqciam

daadgina: gamovides xmis micemis dros sakuTaris gancxadebiT.

gvazava: saWiroa SeTanxmeba, amitom Cven mxolod iseTi rezoliucia unda miviRoT,

rac gamomdinareobs Jordanias moxsenebidan, romelic Cven moviwoneT. Tu deklaracie-

bi wavikiTxeT, Cven avireviT, radganac Semdegma oratorebma SeiZleba wina oratorebi

gaakritikon da maSin dausrulebeli kamaTi unda gaimarTos. 1 punqti (orientaciisa) unda

- 14 -


moixsnas, rogorc ara gamomdinare moxsenebidan. 2 da 3, rogorc gamomdinare moxsene-

bebidan da momentisa da ZalTa ganwyobilebis Sesaferisi, unda darCes.

gr. urataZe: taqtika gvavalebs orientacia ruseTisa vaRiaroT dRes. es srulebiTac

ar SegviSlis xels xval Secvlil pirobebis gamo sxva davadginoT.

juReli: daTmoba ar SegviZlia. an motivebic miiReT, an motivebic uaryaviT da praq-

tikuli rezoliuciebic... avirCioT mxolod sabWo da amiT gavaTaoT. pirveli muxli Cven

ar gvavalebs samudamoT ruseTis orientacias SevrCeT. 1 muxli gamomdinarea moxsen-

ebidan. Tu gvinda saqme gavakeToT da davaSoSminoT adgilobrivi rusuli elementebi da

petrogradic (sadac kavkasiis gamoyofaze laparakoben), taqtikuri mosazrebiT darCes

motivaciac.

p. sayvareliZe: vinc dakvirvebiT waikiTxavs proeqts, is sworeT gaigebs kidec. ori-

entaciaze iyo laparaki moxsenebaSi da Cvenc unda aRvniSnoT es rezoliuciebSi. deklara-

ciam SeiZleba dausrulebeli kamaTi gamoiwvios. unda Seiqmnas erTi erovnuli fronti.

orientacia darCes. amas moiTxovs politikuri sibrZne. deklaraciebi ar iqnes, e. i. darC-

es proeqti ise, rogorc aris. moxsenebam Cven SegvaerTa. xalxma moiwona. Cven unda dava-

dasturoT es.

ir. amirejibi: saWiroa zurgs ukan movixedoT. saqarTvelos mTeli aRmosavleTi bral-

sa sdebs karebis gaRebaSi. unda vizrunoT, rom zaralma ar gadaaWarbos sargeblobas.

al. wereTeli: Cveni fraqcia Zlier afasebs SeTanxmebas. Tu Cven ar gamovediT saku-

Tari azriT imitom, rom disonansi ar gvindoda Segvetana. praqtikuli muxlebi yvelas

gvaerTebs, motivacia ki vera. 1 muxlis winaaRmdeg ar SeiZleba raime gvqondes. mesame

muxli arsebiTad winaaRmdegia erTi fraqciis msofl mxedvelobisa. es muxli xalxze cud

STabeWdilebas moaxdens da Tu ruseTSi moispo anarqia, maSin am muxliT Cvenve vspobT

saSvalebas Cvens saWiroebaze vilaparakoT... Tu motivacia darCa, maSin aucilebelia

deklaracia, Tu ara da maSin deklaraciasac ar wavikiTxavT.

maisuraZe moiTxovs darCes motivacia da aRiarebul iqmnas ruseTis orientacia.

gvazava: aq raRac gaugebrobaa. uwin dasavleTTan kavSiri Tu ruseTis saSvalebiT

gvqonda, dRes SegviZlian pirdapir, uSvalo damokidebuleba viqonioT dasav. evropasTan.

amitom mxolod rusuli orientacia taqtikurad miuRebelia. ra aris ruseTi am momentSi?

ra STabeWdilebas moaxdens es filiandiaze, ukrainaze, yubanze, mTiulebsa, aderbaiJanze

da sxvaze. Cven gvinda kavSiri ruseTis demokratiasTan, magram ruseTis orientacia sxvag-

varad iqneba gagebuli. ar iqneba es sxva erebisaTvis brZolis gamocxadeba?

amierkavkasiaSi, garda ruseTisa, exlebian germaniis, safrangeTis, osmaleTis da sxvaTa

interesebi. sjobs gaCumeba. sakmarisia me-2 muxli. motivaciis sul moxsnaSi ar veTanxmebi

socialist-federalistebs. motivacia saWiroa SeTanxmebisaTvis.

n. Jordania: me da Cems partiul amxanagebsa ara gvaqvs survili vinmes movaxvioT Cveni

azri. es motivacia marto Cveni araa _ yvelasia. dilema isaa, rom or fronts Sua varT: ruse-

Tisa da kavkasiis. marto amierkavkasiis komisariatis daarsebam ra gamoiwvia frontze? _ isa,

rom jarebma es faqti gamoyofad miiRes da ganacxades: Tu asea Cven raRas vakeTebT aq? Tqven

daicaviT Tqveni frontio. saWiro Seiqmna depeSebiTa da SikrikebiT gafantva am burusisa.

qarumiZe: deklaraciebi, rom uarvyaviT kargi iyo, magram pirveli muxli namdvili kvin-

tesenciaa deklaraciis. uwin ruseTi Zlieri iyo, dRes igi usasoa. dRes ruseTSi ara Tu

ar aris, arc moCans iseTi Zalebi, romlebmac moagvaron raime. ruseTis saRi elementebi

sxvagan, evropaSi eZeben xsnas. Tu ruseTis orientacia gvargebs frontTan, gvazaralebs am

orientaciis mowinaaRmdege xalxebTan. Tu aq osmaleTi Semovida, xom javrs amoiyris Cvenze

amis gulisaTvis.

- 15 -


kamaTi dasrulebulad gamocxadda da SeTanxmebiT miRebul iqna 1 muxli: `qarTveli

eri, Resac rogorc mTels gasul saukunis ganmavlobaSi, dgas ruseTis orientaciaze~. amasTan

gadawyda 1 da 2 muxli SeerTdes. es daevala saredaqcio komisias, romelSic Sedian: Jorda-

nia, rcxilaZe, veSapeli da iv. gobeCia.

merve muxlSi socialist-federalistTa fraqciam moiTxova iq, sadac naTqvamia: àseT

normaT migvaCnia saqarTvelos teritoriis sruli TviTmarTvTeloba sakuTari sakanonmdeb-

lo krebiT~, Setaniliyo kidev: ànu avtonomia~. am moTxovnam winaaRmdegoba gamoiwvia so-

cial-demokratebis zogierTi warmomadgenlebis mxriT, romelnic TavianT azrs imiT

asabuTebdnen, rom SinaarsiT aRiarebulia avtonomia, xolo es termini metia, radganac

Cveni massa amas ver gaigebs saTanadoT da agvimxedrdebao. aseT azrs icaven juReli, maisu-

raZe, gr. urataZe da sx. n. Jordania momxrea Setanil iqnas ànu avtonomia~-c. igi acxadebs:

Cven SeiZleba federaciac SevkraT. avtonomiis aRiareba ki dRes momwifebulia da vaRi-

arebT kidec am muxliT. Cemi azriT, ànu avtonomiac~ rom CavrToT, ara uSavs, radganac

namdvilad dRes ukve vaRiarebT avtonomias.

avtonomiis Setanas icaven socialist-revoliucionerebic. winaaRmdegi arian am Seswore-

bis nacional-demokratebi da radikal-demokratebi. radganac nawili social-demokratebis

daJinebiT winaaRmdegia am Sesworebis da maT mxari dauWires dasaxelebulma jgufebma. es

Sesworeba moixsna.

merve muxlis bolos amoiSala socialist-federalistTa winadadebiT: `saerTo nacio-

naluri platformiT damfuZnebeli krebis winaSe warsadgomaT~.

Semdeg aRiZra sakiTxi samahmadiano saqarTvelos Sesaxeb da erTxmad aRiares, rom sa-

mahmadiano saqarTvelos TviTmmarTvelobis aRiareba Setanil iqnas rezoliuciebSi.

seqciis Tavmjdomare iv. gobeCia

mdivani akaki faRava


furclebi 21-24. manqanaze nabeWdi. dedani. ivane gobeCiasa da akaki faRavas xelrTva.

#3. saoqmo Canaweri saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis wevrebisa da antantis (inglisis, safrangeTis, amierikis

SeerTebuli Statebis, italiis) diplomatebis Sexvedris Sesaxeb

1917 wlis 8 dekemberi

saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWoaRmasrulebeli komitetisxdomis Jurnali

#9, 8 dekembers 1917 w.

daeswrnen: n. Jordania, Cxenkeli, mesxi, gobeCia, veSapeli, ramiSvili,

lomTaTiZe, sayvareliZe, s.jiblaZe, qarcivaZe, gvazava, rcxilaZe, farniaS-

vili, lasxiSvili, gegeWkori.

- 16 -


mowveulni: elCebi amerikisa, inglisis, safrangeTisa, italiisa, gener.

Sori.

Tavmjdomareobda n. Jordania

mdivnobda d. naxucriSvili

gansaxilveli sagani: n. Jordania miesalmeba elCebs. maTac upasuxes misalmebaze. Sem-

deg daiwyo azrTa gacvla-gamocvla, romlis drosac gamoirkva Tu ra azrisani arian Ta-

namedrove politikur da strategiul mdgomareobis Sesaxeb rogorc qarTveloba, agreTve

ucxo saxelmwifoTa elCebi. ucxoel elCebis azri aseTi iyo: qarTvelebi jarebis Sedgenas

agvianeben, unda daaSuron; disciplina jarSi srulebiT dacemulia, unda aRdgenil iqnas,

maSin Cvenc TqvenTan viqnebiT; jarSi Semdgari komitetebi ki unda moispos, radgan saqmes

vneben; Cven daxmareba SegviZlian gagiwioT fuliT, xalxiT da masaliT, iaraRis mowodeba

ki ar SegviZlian; exlandeli omis fronti unda daicvaT qarTvelebma da somxebma im xaz-

zed, sadac exla Txrilebia jarisa; mTavarsardali Tqveni (kavkasiis) da Cveni (mokavSireTa)

jarebisa erTi unda iyos da imazed iqneba damokidebuli jarebis ganawileba frontze,

poziciebis nacionalurad ganawileba SeuZlebelia; Cven vicnobT erTs mTlians ruseTs da

mis droebiTs mTavrobas, calke erebs ki _ rogorc ruseTis nawilebs, miT umetes, rom arc

qarTvelebs da arc somxebs ara hyavT TavianTi sakuTari mTavrobani, Cven amierkavkasiis

komisariati vicaniT mTavrobaT da urTierTobac gvaqvs masTan; amierkavkasia unda SeuTanx-

mdes samxreT-dasavleTis kavSirs, sadac Sevlen ukraina da cimbiric, mere ruseTi aRsdgeba

rogorc federatiuli erTeuli.

rumineTis frontidan modian ucxoeli aficrebi, romelnic gamodgebian instruqtore-

bad qarTul jarSi da SegiZliaT isargebloT. rac Seexeba mobilizacias unda moxdes igi

nawil-nawil raionebad: jer qarTvelebisa da somxebisa da Semdeg TaTrebisa, am ukanask-

nelTa gvian moxdes, maTi gawyoba da gamarTvac Segviandeba diplomatiurad, manamdis ki

qarTuli da somxuri jarebi poziciazed unda wavidnen.

Cvenebis moxseneba aseTia mokled: Cven jari gveyoleba male sakmao, magram iaraRi ara

gvaqvs sakmao, iaraRi Tqven mogveciT, Cven davicavT Cvens teritorias; Cven rom osmalos

win daudgeT ganmartoebuli xom ar davrCebiT, an mokavSireni ra gvaris daxmarebas gagvi-

weven? Cveni aficrebi Sesaferisni arian TavianTi movaleoba-mdgomareobisa; mobilizacias

Cven ver movaxdenT, SemoviRebT saxalxo milicias, romlisaTvisac mainc iaraRi gvWiria;

scnoben saqarTvelos, rogorc politikurs erTeuls, Tu ara?

Semdeg molaparakebisa, sja-baasi amave saganzed komitetma gadasdo Semdeg, amisTvis

daniSnul sagangebo sxdomaze.

Tavmjdomare n. Jordania

gamge p. sayvareliZe

mdivani d. naxucriSvili


furclebi 14-15. manqanaze nabeWdi. dedani. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli

komitetis sxdomaTa JurnalSi.

- 17 -


#4. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis dadgenileba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenisaTvis brZolaSi

germanofiluri sagareopolitikuri kursis aRiarebisa da konkretuli samoqmedo programis gansazRvris Sesaxeb

1918 wlis 14 maisi

saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo.aRmasrulebeli komiteti.

sxdomis Jurnali#58, 14 maiss 1918 w.

daeswrnen wevrni: g. lasxiSvili, g. gvazava, v. gobeCia, g. veSapeli, n.

xomeriki, p. sayvareliZe, g. rcxilaZe, s. jiblaZe; stumrebi: S. mesxiSvili,

g. qiqoZe, b. papava.

Tavmjdomareobda g. lasxiSvili


gansaxilveli sagani: b. gvazavam moaxsena komitets germaniis samxedro uwyebis war-

momadgenel b. kaizerTan da adgilobriv mosaxle germanelTa erovnul sabWos warmomad-

genlebTan kerZo saubris Sesaxeb. am saubris dros SemuSavebul iqna oTxi muxli pirobebi-

sa, romelic mosaubreTa azriT sasurvelia aRmasrulebelma komitetma gaugzavnos sazao

delegaciis Tavmjdomares b. a. Cxenkels cnobad da saxelmZRvanelod. es aris:

1. ecnobos germaniis sazao delegaciis Tavmjdomares general losovs, rom saqarT-

velos erovnul sabWos survili da Txovna, yovelnairad xeli Seuwyos germaniam

saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso da politikur-saxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebs, rac Sei-

Zleba umtkivneulod gadawyvetas.

2. eTxovos general losovs miiRos saTanado RonisZieba, rom germaniis jarma ganagr-

Zos svla Crdilo-kavkasiaSi, raTa imdenad dauaxlovdes saqarTvelos sazRvrebs,

rom SesaZlebeli iyos masTan kontaqtis daWera da saqarTvelo uzrunvelyofili

iqnas garedan mosalodneli raime safrTxisagan.

3. eTxovos general losovs, xeli Seuwyos germaniaSi myof qarTvel samxedro tyveebs,

rac SeiZleba male samSobloSi samxedro wesiT darazmulad dabrunebas.

4. eTxovos general losovs, vidre es saqme moxerxdebodes, dastovos saqarTveloSi

myofi germaneli tyveebi da miandos germaniis oficerT maTi samxedro organi-

zacia, raTa saqarTvelos mTavrobas SeeZlos saWiro SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenos es

jari Sinaur wesrigis dasacavad da anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad.

Tavmjdomare g. lasxiSvili

saqmeTa mmarTveli p. sayvareliZe


saqarTvelos centraluri saxelmwifo saistorio arqivi, fondi 1836, aRwera 1,

saqme 2, furceli 67. manqanaze nabeWdi saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli

komitetis sxdomis JurnalSi. dedani.

- 18 -


#5. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis dadgenileba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebasTan

dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb1918 wlis 16 maisi

saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo.aRmasrulebeli komiteti.

sxdomis Jurnali#59, 16 maiss 1918 w.

sxdoma daiwyo saRamos 7 saaTze

daeswrnen: n. Jordania, g. lasxiSvili, n. xomeriki, g. gvazava, g. veS-

apeli, haidar beg abaSiZe, p. sayvareliZe, v. gobeCia, k. mesxi; stumrebi: ias.

lorTqifaniZe, S. mesxiSvili.

Tavmjdomareobda n. Jordania


gansaxilveli sagani: winadadeba p. sayvareliZisa, rom miendos aRmasrulebel komitets

an calke komisias saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebisaTvis moamzados yovelnairi

niadagi.

azrTa gaziarebis Semdeg miRebul iqna is winadadeba, rom prezidiumis wevrebs n. Jor-

danias, g. lasxiSvils da g. veSapels daevaloT daasaxelon sami wevri damoukideblobis

mosamzadebel komisiisa, romelTac TaTbiris Semdeg daasaxeles Semdegi pirni: n. ramiSvi-

li, d. vaCnaZe da S. mesxiSvili.

ganaCeni: arCeul iqnas komisia sami kacisagan, romelsac daevalos: 1. mTavrobasTan mo-

laparakeba da SeTanxmeba ltolvilTa saqarTveloSi denis SesaCerebel zomebis misaRebad;

SeiaraRebul ltolvilebs iaraRi aeyaroT; 2. qarTul jarTan da samxedro seqciasTan kon-

taqti iqonios da 3. somexTa erovnul sabWos acnobos, Tu ramdenad rTuldeba saqme ltolv-

ilTa saqarTveloSi gadmoxvewiT da ra zomebis miRebas fiqrobs igi sirTulis Tavidan asac-

ileblad.

am komisiis wevrebad arCeul iqnen: vl. gobeCia, Salva mesxiSvili, da gr. veSapeli,

romelTac evalebaT zemomoyvanili dadgenilebis Sesruleba.





furclebi 68-69. manqanaze nabeWdi saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli

komitetis sxdomis JurnalSi. dedani.

- 19 -


#6. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis dadgenileba saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis mosamzadeblad Seqmnili

samTa komisiis Sesaxeb1918 wlis 17 maisi

saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo.aRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumis sxdomis Jurnali

#61, 17 maiss 1918 w.

daeswrnen: g. veSapeli, k. mesxi, p. sayvareliZe, g. gvazava; stumrebi:

d. vaCnaZe, S. mes xiSvili, gen. gabaSvili, polk. kargareTeli, podp. zaqari-

aZe.

gansaxilveli sagani: moxseneba saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ga-

mocxadebis samTa komisiis moqmedebis Sesaxeb.

amave komisiam warmoadgina gadasawyvetad kiTxvebi: 1. q.Tbilisis dacva

vis Cahbardes; 2. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxvadebis xelmZRvane-

li organo.

ganaCeni:

1. unda gamocxaddes samxedro (an saalyo) wesebi q. TbilisSi.

2. Tbilisis komendantad da garnizonis ufrosad dainiSnos generali axmeteli, mis

TanaSemwed polk. naqereliZe, romelTac unda imuSavon qarTul korpusis ufrosis

gen. gabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT.

xelmZRvanel organod iTvleba igive komisia da moqmedebs aRmasrulebel komitetis

prezidiumis xelmZRvanelobiT.

Tavmjdomare




furceli 71. manqanaze nabeWdi saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis

sxdomis JurnalSi. dedani.

#7. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis mier SemuSavebuli dRis wesrigi da dadgenilebis proeqti erovnuli sabWos

1918 wlis 26 maisis sxdomisaTvis1918 wlis 24-25 maisi

sabWom ra dadgenilebani miiRos 26 maisis sxdomaze[1918 wlis 24-25 maisi]

1. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti

2. kanonebis Sesaxeb:

- 20 -


droebiT ZalaSi darCes Zveli kanonebi da seimis dadgenilebani

3. finansebi:

a) droebiT darCes Zveli wesi fulis beWdvisa, sanam SemuSavdeba Cveni finansuri

sistema.

b) finansTa ministri iqneba qarTveli. eqspediciac mis gankargulebaSi iqneba. is

gaanawilebs fulis niSnebs provinciaSi da mezoblebisaTvis, nacionalur sabWoebTan Se-

TanxmebiT; eqspediciaSi TaTrebsa da somxebs eyolebaT TiTo warmomadgeneli.

4. rkinis gza:

Cvens xelSi iqneba mTeli sammarTvelo, sadao rac iqneba, gamoirkveva SeTanxmebiT.

5. erovnuli sabWo:

a) aRmasrulebeli komiteti uqmdeba.

b) sabWo irCevs Tavis axal prezidiums meore krebaze.

g) dadasturebul iqnes wevrTa da kandidatTa sia, sabWos reorganizaciis sakiTxi

miendos gansaxilvelad samandato komisias, romelsac daevaleba sabWos wevrTa da kandi-

datTa siis gadasinjva, samandato komisiis arCeva.

6. daarsdes rva saministro; sakontrolo organo calke iqneba. uqmdeba sasursaTo da

mzrunvelobis saministroebi. SeerTebulia finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis, miwaTmoq-

medebisa da Sromis saministroebi.

Semdegi saministroebi iqneba:

1. Sinagan saqmeTa

2. sagareo

3. samxedro

4. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis

5. ganaTlebis

6. miwaTmoqmedebis da Sromisa

7. iusticiisa

8. gzaTa

ministrTa kabinetis Semadgenloba:

1. Tavmjdomare da Sinagan saqmeTa _ noe ramiSvili

2. sagareo _ akaki Cxenkeli

3. samxedro _ grig. giorgaZe

4. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobisa _ giorgi Juruli

5. ganaTlebisa _ giorgi lasxiSvili

6. miwaTmoqmedebisa da Sromisa _ noe xomeriki

7. iusticiisa _ Salva mesxiSvili

8. gzaTa _ iv. lorTqifaniZe


furclebi 127-128. manqanaze nabeWdi. dedani.

- 21 -


#8. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis sxdoma, miZRvnili saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenisadmi

1918 wlis 25 maisi

saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis sxdoma

25 maiss, 1918 w.

Ramis 11 saaTze

daeswrnen: n. Jordania, g. lasxiSvili, p. sayvareliZe, k. gvarjalaZe,

n. xomeriki, al. lomTaTiZe, s. jiblaZe, S. mesxiSvili, k. mesxi, n. ramiSvili,

ias. lorTqifaniZe, g. veSapeli, g. Juruli, al. asaTiani, i. maWavariani, d.

vaCnaZe, g. gvazava, ir. wereTeli, e. gegeWkori, k. CxeiZe, v. gobeCia.



n. Jordania acnobs damswreT a. Cxenkelis depeSas da werils, sadac igi Txoulobs

daCqarebul iqnes saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadeba, radgan gviandeba da

aucilebeli kia.

Semdeg Tavmjdomare ganmartavs, rom survili iyo amaRam aTs saaTze Sekrebuliyo

seimi, romelic gamoacxadebda seims daSlilad da Semdeg sabWo gamoacxadebda saqarTve-

los damoukideblobas, magram seimis zogierTma fraqciebma Sekrebaze uari sTqves, mag-

aliTad musavatma ganacxada, rom maT jer ar ganuxilavT sakiTxi da azri ar SeumuSave-

biaT, Tu qarTvelebs surT damoukideblobis gamocxadeba, gamoacxadon, Cven xels ar

uSliT; somxebma ganacxades, rom SesamuSavebeli aqvT TavianTi gancxadeba da Txouloben

gadaidos seimis sxdoma xval diliT.

radganac Cven gvindoda maTTan TanxmobiT saqmis gakeTeba, magram radgan ar xerxdeba da

ar surT, Cven unda calke vimsjeloT. seimis kreba dRes ar moxdeba, daniSnulia xval dRis 12

saaTze. seimis Semdeg sabWo sasaxleSive gamoacxadebs saqarTvelos damoukideblobas.

Semdeg gaimarTa sja baasi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rodis gamocxaddes damoukidebloba; radgan

Zalian saWiroa am aqtis gamocxadeba, ramdenime oratori im azrisa iyo, rom dResve ga-

mocxadebuliyo aqti saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa.

magram n. Jordaniam ganmarta, rom dRevandeli gamocxadebiT saqme garTuldeba,

vinaidan seimi da misi mTavroba arsebobs, ar gauqmebula, maSin ori mTavroba iqneba, rac

SeuZlebelia; SeiZleba zogierTma winaaRmdegoba gagviwion, damoukidebeli saqarTvelo

ar scnon, maTTan Setakeba mogvixdeba; amitom gamocxadeba gadaideba saxvalioT.

radgan SeTanxmeba ar moxda, am or jgufs Soris, kenWi uyara sakiTxs: `saqarTvelos

damoukidebloba gamocxaddes dRes Tu xval.~

pirvels momxre aRmouCnda 6 xma

meores .... 4 xma

gadawyda gamocxadebuliyo dResve; amis gamo n. Jordaniam ganacxada: raki dResve ga-

mocxaddeba damoukideblobis aqti, igi pasuxismgeblobas ar kisrulobs mosalodnel Se-

degebisas.

magram mcire xnis Semdeg gamoirkva, rom damoukideblobis aqti jer SemuSavebuli ar

aris da ver iqneba wakiTxuli; ramac gamoiwvia Tavis Tavad aqtis gamocxadebis gadadeba

saxvalioT.

- 22 -


vinaidan saqme mainc saSuria, n. ramiSvilis winadadebiT gadawyda: xval, 26 maiss, diliT

10 saaTze moxdes seimis sxdoma, xolo 12 saaTze sabWosi.

n. Jordaniam Semoitana winadadeba: garkveul iqnes is sakiTxebi, romlebic xvalin-

del sabWos sxdomaze, damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg, unda iqnes ganxilul-dada-

sturebuli:

1. ra kanonebi iqneba saqarTveloSi.

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi droebiT imoqmedebs yvela is Zveli kanonebi da seimis dad-

genilebani, romelnic moqmedebdnen dRevandlamdis amierkavkasiaSi.

2. finansebi.

a) fulis beWdvis wesi darCes droebiT Zveli, vidre SemuSavdebodes Cveni sakuTari

finansuri sistema.

b) Cvens safinanso dawesebulebaSi warmodgenili eyolebaT TaTrebs da somxebs,

sanam fulis sistema iqneba Zveli.

3. rkinis gza.

rkinis gzis sammarTvelo Cvens xelSi iqneba, mxolod rac sadaoa, is gamoirkveva Se-

TanxmebiT mezoblebTan.

4. erovnuli sabWos organizacia.

a) aRmasrulebeli komiteti uqmdeba.

b) sabWo irCevs Tavis axal prezidiums meore krebaze.

g) arCeul iqnas samandato komisia, romelsac daevalos sabWos reorganizaciis

sakiTxis ganxilva, wevrTa da kandidatTa siis gadasinjva.

5. mTavrobis reorganizacia.

a) daarsdes rva saministro, sakontrolo organo daarsdes calke.

b) uqmdeba sasursaTo da mzrunvelobis saministroebi.

g) SeerTebulia: finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis, miwaTmoqmedebis da Sromis

saministroebi.

d) saministroebi iqneba Semdegi:

1. Sinagan saqmeTa

2. sagareo

3. samxedro

4. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobisa

5. ganaTlebis

6. miwaTmoqmedebis da Sromis

7. iusticiis

8. gzaTa

e) ministrTa kabinetis Semadgenloba:

1. Tavmjdomare da Sinagan saqmeTa _ noe ramiSvili

2. sagareo _ akaki Cxenkeli

3. samxedro _ grigol giorgaZe

4. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobisa _ giorgi Juruli

5. ganaTlebis _ giorgi lasxiSvili

6. miwaTmoqmedebis da Sromis _ noe xomeriki

7. iusticiis _ Salva mesxiSvili

8. gzaTa _ ivane lorTqifaniZei

mcire kamaTis Semdeg yvela es winadadeba miRebul iqna.

- 23 -


wakiTxul iqna saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtis proeqti, SemuSavebuli komisiis

mier.

am proeqtis Sesaxeb gaimarTa kamaTi, romelic dasrulda imiT, rom proeqti Seswore-

bul iqnes kamaTis dros gamoTqmuli azrebis Tanaxmad. Sesworeba aqtis proeqtisa daeva-

la b. n. Jordanias.

kreba gaTavda 11 1/2 saaTze.





furclebi 1-4. manqanaze nabeWdi. dedani

#9. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos 1918 wlis 26 maisis sxdomis oqmi

saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos pirveli sxdoma kvira, 26 maisi, 1918 weli,

qalaqi Tfilisi, sasaxle

Tavmjdomareobs erovnul sabWos aRmasrulebel komitetis Tavmj-

domare noe Jordania.

prezidiumSi arian: giorgi lasxiSvili, grigol veSapeli, pavle sayva-

reliZe.

mdivnad aris erovnul sabWos mdivani ilia zurabiSvili.

kreba naSuadRevis 4 saaTsa da 40 wuTze iwyeba.

krebis gaxsna

Tavmjdomare: saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos sxdomas gaxsnilad vacxadeb.

noe Jordanias sityva

moqalaqeno! dRes Tqven aq mowme iyaviT erTi istoriuli da amave dros traRikul

aqtisa. am darbazSi mokvda erTi saxelmwifo da ai, axla, amave darbazSi, eyreba safuZveli

meore saxelmwifos.

am or saxelmwifoTa Soris, romelTaganac erTi mokvda da meore ibadeba, SeuZlebe-

lia yofiliyo interesTa winaaRmdegoba.

da Tu odesme pirveli aRsdgeba mkvdreTiT, darwmunebuli unda viyoT, maT Soris

mudam iqneba interesTa Tanxmoba (taSi).

saqarTvelos axali saxelmwifo, romelic dRes arsdeba, ar iqneba mimarTuli arc

erTi xalxisa, arc erTis saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg.

misi mizania dRevandel istoriul qartexilisagan daifaros Tavisi Tavi.

da roca amas moaxerxeb, igi daexmareba sxvebsac, vinc Cven qveyanasTan erTad Cavarda

did gansacdelSi! (taSi).

- 24 -


Tqven kargad iciT, saqarTvelo Cveulia brZolas Tavis arsebobis dasacavad. is sauku-

noebiT ibrZoda, raTa Tvisi sulieri vinaoba, nacionaluri organizmi da teritoria See-

narCunebina. magram igi ibrZoda mxolod Tavis dasacavad da ar ebrZoda sxvis arsebobas.

amasTanave igi ibrZoda ara marto qarTvelTaTvis, aramed im erebisTvisac, romelnic

mosaxleobdnen mis saxelmwifoebriv farglebSi; metsac vityvi, _ is ibrZoda Tvis far-

glebs gareSec, agreTve, sxvebis dasacavad.

es didi istoriuli magaliTi cxovelmyofel anderZaT darCa qarTvel xalxs da es

sruli garantiaa imisa, rom dRevandel qarTvel ers SerCenili aqvs misi ZiriTadi isto-

riuli midrekileba _ Seusabamos xolme Tvisi interesi sxva erTa interesebs.

swored amitom arc erTi eri _ Cvens qveyanaSi mcxovrebi, Tu Cvens saxelmwifos gareSe

myofi, ar unda ganicdides Cven gamo raime aRelvebas, sulier mtkivneulobas da wyenas.

da gana dRes seimSi ar ganacxades sxva da sxva oratorebmam rom ar aris iseTi eri,

romelic cudaT ixseniebdes qarTvel ers?!@

es aris imis Tavdebi, rom axali saxelmwifo, axali mTavroba savsebiT gaamarTlebs am

imedebs.

Cven gvsurs viqonioT megobruli urTierToba Cvens gareSe da Cvens Soris myof

erebTan.

Cven mivaqcevT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas im eris did tragedias, romlis erTi nawi-

li Cvens teritoriaze scxovrobs, xolo meore nawili Cvens gareSe. es aris somxoba.

Zvels anderZs dRevandeli qarTveloba gaixsenebs da somxis eri imave mfarvelobas

hpovebs CvenSi, romelsac hpovebda igi qarTvel mefeTa Soris! (xangrZlivi taSi).

Cven gvsurs keTilganwyobaSi viyoT amierkavkasiis mosaxleobis did umravlesobas-

Tan, musulmanebTan. Cven gvinda, rom maT mogvbaZon. daiarson aseTive saxelmwifo da

SeerTebis xeli gamogviwodon (mxurvale taSi).

amasTanave es damokidebuleba Cvens garSemo myof erebisa iqneba ufro mkvidri safuZ-

veli, romelic gaamagrebs Cvens norC saxelmwifos da agreTve am erebsac da saSualebas

mouspobs Cvens saerTo moqiSpeT wixli Cagvcen da dagvangrion. Cvens saxelmwifo far-

glebSi mosaxleobs sxva da sxva erTa umciresoba. vacxadeb, rom erovnuli umciresobani

iqnebian iseve uflebamosilni, rogorc iqneba Cveni saxelmwifos erovnuli umravlesoba

_ qarTveloba.

es erni, _ SeerTebulni erTis droSis qveS, Sehkraven kavSirs im erebTan, romelnic

Cveni qveynis farglebis gareSe imyofebian, _ da amiT warmoiSveba is saxelmwifoebrivi

kavSiri, romelic aRadgens aq, Cvens winaSe, daRupuls saxelmwifos.

es saxelmwifo iqneba kavkasiis konfederatiuli kavSiri (xangrZlivi taSi mTels darbazSi).

am rigad, Cveni savali gza, Cveni ideali unda iyos am kavSiris Sedgena. es kavSiri iqne-

ba is saxelmwifoebrivi organizmi _ saxelmwifoTa kavSiri, _ romelic saerTo Zal-Rone

Sekrebili, wardgeba gareSe mteris winaSe da daicavs Tavis Tavs (taSi).

ai, maSin SeiZleba aRsruldes is, rac seimma ver Seqmna.

da is, vinc axla Seugneblad midis amierkavkasiis farglebis gareSe _ SesaZlebelia

kvalad mobrundes da saerTo droSis qveS dadges.

amiT damyardeba amierkavkasiis erToba da aq mosaxle erebis Zliereba (xangrZlivi taSi

da ovaciebi).

exla momeciT neba gadavide im saganze, romlisTvisac Cven aq SevikribeniT.

Cven ukve gvaqvs SemuSavebuli aqti saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa, romelic wakiTx-

uli iqneba axla.

(noe Jordania naSuadRevis 5 saaTsa da 10 wuTze kiTxulobs damoukideblobis aqts)

- 25 -


aqtis wakiTxva aivanze

(myudroebis damyarebis Semdeg Tavmjdomaris winadadebiT erovnul sabWos mdivani ilia zurabiS-

vili sasaxlis aivanze gadis da iqidan ukiTxavs Tavmoyril xalxs damoukideblobis aqts. aivanze

aqtis kiTxvis dros sapatio darajTa razmi sdgas oris erovnul droSiT.

aqtis TiToeuli debuleba xalxSi dids enTuziazms iwvevs. vaSas Zaxili, taSi da ovaciebi

ganuwyvetelia).

rusuli Targmanis wakiTxva

(amave dros krebis darbazSi, Tavmjdomaris amxanagi grigol veSapeli, Tavmjdomaris

winadadebiT, kiTxulobs aqtis rusul Targmans, rasac mohyveba igive taSi da ovaciebi).

aqtis miReba da damtkiceba

Tavmjdomare: Tanaxma xarT miiRoT saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti Tu ara? gTx-

ovT aswioT xeli. vinaa winaaRmdegi? aravin. Tavi vin Seikava? aravin. saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis aqti erTxmad iqmna miRebuli (xangrZlivi taSi. ismis xmebi: gaumarjos saqarTvelos!

gaumarjos!).

vTxov sabWos yvela wevrebs, rom krebis Semdeg movidnen aq da aqts xeli moaweron.

droebiT mTavrobis Semadgenloba

Tavmjdomare: exla neba miboZeT gamovacxado Cvenis droebiT mTavrobis Semadgen-

loba, romelic Sedgenilia [erovnul sabWos] aRmasrulebel komitetis mier, fraqciebis

warmomadgenlebTan SeTanxmebiT.

1. mTavrobis Tavmjdomare da Sinagan saqmeTa ministri noe ramiSvili.

2. sagareo saqmeTa ministri akaki Cxenkeli.

3. samxedro ministri grigol giorgaZe.

4. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministri giorgi Juruli.

5. ganaTlebis ministri giorgi lasxiSvili.

6. miwaTmoqmedebisa da Sromis ministri noe xomeriki.

7. iusticiis ministri Salva mesxiSvili.

8. gzaTa ministri ivane lorTqifaniZe.

(yvela zemoT aRniSnul pirT kreba da damswre sazogadoeba taSiT da ovaciebiT egebeba,

akaki Cxenkelis garda, romelic sazavo delegaciaSi imyofeba, yvela danarCenni darbazSi arian.

ministrebi mTavrobis adgils iWeren).

mTavrobis damtkiceba

(Tavmjdomaris SekiTxvaze kreba erTxmad amtkicebs zemoT dasaxelebul pirTa mTavrobaT arCevas).

- 26 -


arsebul kanonebis dadastureba

Tavmjdomare: axla saWiroa, vidre Cven SevudgebiT kanonebis gamocdebis muSaobas,

ZalaSi darCes yvela kanoni, romelic dRemde arsebobs da saqarTveloSi moqmedebs, sxva-

Ta Soris, seimis dadgenilebanic.

(kreba erTxmad iRebs am winadadebas).

finansebi

Tavmjdomare: amis garda, Cven unda miviRoT winadadeba finansebis Sesaxeb. vinaidan

safinanso saqme metis metad rTulia, saWiroa droebiT darCes Zveli wesi fulis beWdvi-

sa, sanam Cveni sakuTari saxelmwifoebrivi fulis sistema SemuSavdeba; e.i. amierkavkasiis

fulis saerTo sistema iqneba, musulmanebTan da somxebTan SeTanxmebiT.

giorgi gvazava: (adgilidan) eg sakiTxi dRes gadaidos!

Tavmjdomare: gadadeba SeuZlebelia. fuli yovel wams saWiroa da Cven ki fulis

sistemas saswrafod ver SevqmniT.

amasve Txoulobs mTavroba.

(kreba erTxmad iRebs Tavmjdomaris winadadeba finansuri saqmis Sesaxeb,

e.i. droebiT darCes Zveli wesi fulis sistemis).

samandato komisia

Tavmjdomare: agreTve saWiroa Cvens Semdeg krebas kanonebrivi xasiaTi mivceT. gam-

ovarkvioT vin aris wevri da vin kandidati. amisTvis unda avirCioT samandato komisia,

romelic Semdeg sxdomisTvis warmogvidgens moxsenebas. gTxovT daasaxeloT (asaxeleben):

1 Tevdore kikvaZes.

2. raJden arseniZes.

3. Salva miqelaZes.

4. iason lorTqifaniZes.

5. gizo anjafariZes.

6. kalenik qavTaraZes.

7. giorgi gvazavas.

(kreba erTxmad amtkicebs am Semadgenlobas).

Tavmjdomare: dRevandeli wesrigi dasrulebulia. am dReebSi Cveni mTavroba war-

moudgens sabWos deklaracias.

misalmebani

Tavmjdomare: axla Cven unda gadavideT krebis sagnis meore mxareze. aq imyofebian

erTa warmomadgenlebi, romelTac ganacxades survili miesalmon sabWos saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis gamocxadebis gamo.

mahmadianTa warmomadgenlis fat-ali-xani xoelis sityva

mahmadianTa centralur komitetis saxeliT mogilocavT, damoukidebel saqarTvelos

moqalaqeno, Tqvens dRevandel bednierebas.

- 27 -


100 welze metia, rac saqarTvelo ibrZoda Tvis damoukideblobisaTvis da ai, dRes

agisruldaT is natvra, romelic Camarxuli iyo yovel qarTvel mamuliSvilis gulSi.

amierkavkasiis erebi cdilobdnen, rom SeeqmnaT erTi mTliani saxelmwifo, magram

dRevandel pirobebSi Cven es ver SevZeliT.

exla Cven vSordebiT erTmaneTs, rom SemdegSi ufro mtkiced SevkavSirdeT, Cveni gan-

Soreba ar iqneba xangrZlivi. ukve axloa is dRe, rodesac Cven saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas

erTi mimdinareoba miecema.

Cven vgrZnobdiT ganSorebis aucileblobas, magram isic gvwams, rom male isev Sevka-

vSirdebiT.

neba momeciT, erTxel kidev mogilocoT amierkavkasiis yvela mahmadianis saxeliT:

gaumarjos damoukidebel saqarTvelos! (taSi).

adgilobriv polonelTa warmomadgenlis sityva

(Targmnilia rusuliT)

Cven, poloneTis Svilebi, mivesalmebiT mebrZol saqarTvelos Tavisufal Svilebs da

vusurvebT yovelive sikeTes.

gaumarjos saqarTvelos!

osebis warmomadgenlis sityva

giorgi gagloevi: amxanagebo da moqalaqeno!

am tribunaze me ganvicdi imave grZnobas, romelsac ganicdiT Tqven. es gasagebic aris.

me var warmomadgeneli ara marto osebisa, aramed saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos wevric.

TviT es faqti amtkicebs, rom am or ers Soris aris iseTi kavSiri, romelic aerTebT maT.

Cven gvwams, rom saqarTvelos demokratia Tavis droSas dabla ar dauSvebs. saqarTvelos

demokratiasTan erTad am droSis qveS ivlis Cveni demokratiac,

am imedebiT aRWurvili mivesalmebi am krebas. imedia, saqarTvelo aicdens im gansac-

dels, romelic mas moelis gareSe mtrisagan.

qarTvel mahmadianTa warmomadgenlis sityva

haidar beg abaSiZe: Zvirfaso Zmano! dRes Tqveni moZme qarTveli mahmadianebi gilocavT

saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebas. gilocavT mravaltanjul saqarTvelos damoukideblobas!

Cveni guli naRveliT ivseba, rodesac vigonebT, rom samahmadiano saqarTvelo dRes

Tu ara xval WirSic da lxinSi TqvenTan iqneba.

maS, gaumarjos dRes am saqarTvelos, Semdeg ki erovnul-teritoriulad SekavSire-

bul saqarTvelos!

germaniis kaizeris rwmunebulis sityva

(Targmna germanuliT geronti qiqoZem)

Tumca me Cemi mTavrobisagan ar maqvs oficialuri davaleba, magram me piradad

mogilocavT damoukideblobis damyarebas da vusurveb axlad daarsebul saxelmwifos

yovelive sikeTes da warmatebas!

- 28 -


amierkavkasiis germanelTa warmomadgeneli

(Targmna germanuliT geronti qiqoZem)

friki ulocavs krebas saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebas; gamosTqvams

survils, rom saqarTvelo aRsdges nangrevebidan, ganaxldes, rogorc feniqsi (faskunji)

da bolos erT taZarSi gamosWedos Tavis bedi.

gaumarjos saqarTvelos respublikas!

krebis daxurva

Tavmjdomare: krebis saxeliT madlobas vucxadeb maT, vinc Cven mogviloca da krebas

vxurav.

(kreba saRamos 5 saaTsa da 55 wuTze ixureba).”

saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa q t i

mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo arsebobda, rogorc damoukidebeli da

Tavisufali saxelmwifo.

meTvramete saukunis dasasruls, yovel mxriT mtrisgan Seviwrovebuli saqarTvelo,

Tvisis nebiT, SeuerTda ruseTs im pirobiT, rom ruseTi valdebuli iyo saqarTvelo ga-

reSe mtrisagan daecva.

ruseTis didis revoliuciis msvlelobam ruseTSi iseTi Sinagani wyobileba Sehqmna,

rom mTeli saomari fronti sruliad daiSala da rusis jarmac dauteva amierkavkasia.

darCnen ra Tvisis ZalRonis amarad, saqarTvelom da masTan erTad amierkavkasiam

TviT idves Tavs sakuTari saqmeebis gaZRola da patronoba da Sesaferi organoebic Seh-

qmnes; magram, gareSe ZalTa zegavleniT, amierkavkasiis erTa SemaerTebeli kavSiri dairR-

va da miT amierkavkasiis politikuri mTlianobac daiSala.

qarTvel eris dRevandeli mdgomareoba aucileblad moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelom sa-

kuTari saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia Sehqmnas, misis saSualebiT gareSe Zalis mier dapy-

robisagan Tavi gadairCinos da damoukidebel ganviTarebis mtkice safuZveli aagos.

amisda Tanaxmad saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo, 1917 wlis 22 noembers arCeuli, saqa-

rTvelos erovnuli yrilobis mier, dRes sayovelTaod acxadebs:

1. amieridgan saqarTvelos xalxi suverenul uflebaTa matarebelia da saqarTvelo

sruluflebovani damoukidebeli saxelmwifoa.

2. damoukidebel saqarTvelos politikuri forma _ demokratiuli respublikaa.

3. saerTaSoriso omianobaSi saqarTvelo mudmivi neitraluri saxelmwifoa.

4. saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas hsurs saerTaSoriso urTierTobis yvela

wevrTan keTilmezobluri ganwyobileba daamyaros, gansakuTrebiT-ki mosazRvre

saxelmwifoebTan da erebTan.

- 29 -


1. Salva aleqsi-mesxiSvili

2. noe ramiSvili

3. giorgi Juruli

4. giorgi lasxiSvili

5. grigol veSapeli

6. ivane lorTqifaniZe

7. kowia gvarjalaZe

8. daviT Ciqovani

9. noe xomeriki

10. leonti JRenti

11. petre geleiSvili

12. Tedore kikvaZe

13. daviT vaCnaZe

14. tite margvelaSvili

15. minadora toroSeliZe

16. noe Jordania

17. vl. gobeCia

18. pavle sayvareliZe

19. isidore ramiSvili

20. silibistro jiblaZe

21. a. WiaberaSvili

22. vlasa mgelaZe

23. giorgi gvazava

24. ioseb maWavariani

25. aleqsandre axmeteli

26. kote mesxi

27. rafiel CixlaZe

28. meliton rusia

29. daviT oniaSvili

30. d. javaxiSvili

31. Salva miqelaZe

32. raJden m. arseniZe

33. p. sabaSvili

34. haidar abaSiZe

35. ilia gogelia

36. i. a. baraTaSvili

37. k. i. jafariZe

38. m. klimiaSvili

39. pavle ingoroyva

40. ias. lorTqifaniZe

41. vaso wulaZe

42. eqvTime TayaiSvili

43. al. b. mdivani

44. grigol rcxilaZe

45. qr. raWveliSvili

46. iliko badriZe

47. a. qilanTarovi

48. biqtor Tevzia

49. iv. lev. CerqeziSvili

50. geronti qiqoZe

51. (?)

52. vasil wereTeli

53. rezo gabaSvili

54. aleqsandre asaTiani

55. sam. fircxalava

56. levan asaTiani

57. R. uznaZe

58. v. burjanaZe

59. m. zandukeli

60. niko eliava

61. akaki papava

62. svimon maWavariani

63. ar. jajanaSvili

64. ioseb abakelia

65. iosebi salayaia

66. konst. davariSvili

67. kale qavTaraZe

68. arsen mamulaiSvili

69. konstantine mayaSvili

70. noe cincaZe

71. aleqsandre lomTaTiZe

72. ioseb gobeCia

73. grigol naTaZe

74. filipe gogiCaiSvili

75. mixeil maCabeli

76. viqtor niniZe

77. T. constant. nik. afxazi.

78. gerasime maxaraZe

5. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika Taviss sazRvrebSi Tanasworad uzrunvel-

hyofs yvela moqalaqis samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebs, ganurCevlad erovnebi-

sa, sarwmunoebisa, socialur mdgomareobisa da sqesisa.

6. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika ganviTarebis Tavisufal asparezs gauxsnis

mis teritoriazed mosaxle yvela ers.

7. damfuZnebel krebis Sekrebamde mTelis saqarTvelos marTvagamgeobis saqmes uZRve-

ba erovnuli sabWo, romelic Sevsebuli iqneba erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgen-

lebiT, da droebiTi mTavroba pasuxismgebelia sabWos winaSe.

- 30 -


79. grigol qurdiani

80. irakli wereTeli

81. iliko fircxalaiSvili

82. iv. gobeCia

83. Salva qarumiZe

84. giorgi eraZe

85. vaso cabaZe

86. nikoloz CxeiZe

87. evgeni gegeWkori

88. giorgi anjafariZe

26 maisi, 1918. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadeba. Tbilisi, 1919

(teqstis publikacia ix.: guram SaraZe, giorgi SaraZe. istoriuli relikviebis dabruneba.

Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 20-42).

- 31 -

swavla-aRzrdis saqme gansakuTrebiT

dawinaurda XI-XII saukuneebSi. skolebi Zir-

iTadad eklesia-monastrebTan arsebobda

. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom opizis, oSkis,

Satberdis, berTas, xanZTis da sxva monas-

trebTan xSirad gvxvdeba Senobebi, rom-

lebic, albaT, aqve arsebuli skolebisaTvis

(seminariebisaTvis) iyo gankuTvnili.

XI-XII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi ekle-

sia-monastrebTan arsebuli skolebi ofi-

cialuri saxisa iyo, aswavlidnen Teolo-

gias, himnografias, liturgikasa da qarTul

mwignobrobas. amasTan, gavrcelebuli iyo

kerZo (saSinao) swavleba samefo karisa da

didgvarovani feodalebis SvilebisaTvis2.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis axal etaps war-

moadgenda XII saukunis aTiani wlebi, roca

saqarTveloSi araerTi akademia Seiqmna3.

`cxovreba mefeT-mefisa daviTisi“ metad

sainteresod gadmogvcems, rom daviT IV

aRmaSenebelma (1089-1125 ww.) 1106 wels

1 svimon gamsaxurdia. swavla-ganaTleba Zvel

saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 14-15.

2 levan menabde. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis

kerebi. t. I. nak. II. Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 532.

3 roin metreveli. gelaTi. Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 7.

`moigona aRSeneba monastrisa“ da àdgilsa

yovlad Suenierisa da yovliTurT unaklo-

sa aago taZari _ `viTarca meore cai gar-

daarTxa taZari yovlad wmidisa da ufro-

sad kurTxeulisa dedisa RmrTisa“. igi iyo

àRmatebuli yovelTa winandelTa qmnul-

Ta“, ganTqmuli Tavisi ̀ sivrciTa da nivTTa

sikeTiTa da simravliTa, da moqnulobisa

SeusworeblobiTa“. es iyo gelaTi, sadac

dafuZnda sayovelTaod cnobili da im-

droindel wina aziaSi aRiarebuli gelaTis

akademia (universiteti). daviT aRmaSeneb-

lis istorikosi gelaTs uwodebs `yovli-

sa aRmosavleTisa meored ierusalimad,

saswavlod yovlisa keTilisad. moZRurad

swavlulebisad, sxuad aTinad, friad uaR-

ress missa saRmrToTa Sina wesTa...4“

saqarTvelos mefem Semoikriba im-

droindeli cnobili mecnierebi, romelTac

maRal ganaTlebasTan erTad axasiaTebdaT

`siwminde, sikeTe, sisrule, sulieriTa da

xorcieliTa saTnoebiTa aRsavseoba“. aq

daviTs mouwvevia ioane petriwi, romelic

4 cxovreba mefeT-mefisa daviTisi. qarTlis

cxovreba. Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 313-314.

roin metreveliroin metreveli

akademikosi

Strixebi universitetis istoriidansaqarTveloSi ganaTlebas WeSmaritad didi tradicia aqvs. marto is rad Rirs,

rom am Teqvsmeti saukunis win saberZneTSi siamayiT acxadebdnen: me ganaTleba

kolxeTSi miviReo. diax, kolxeTis anu fazisis ritorikuli skola (akademia) ga-

naTlebis mniSvnelovani centri iyo, sadac msoflio sxvadasxva qveynebis warmo-

madgenlebi swavlobdnen. swored aq miuRiaT ganaTleba berZen moRvaweebs evge-

niossa da Temistioss da zemomoyvanili sityvebic erT-erT maTgans ekuTvnis1.

- 32 -

roin metreveli roin metreveli

farTo masStabis mecnierul-filosofiur

moRvaweobas eweoda. aqve vxedavT qarTvel

sasuliero moRvawes, filosofoss, mweral-

sa da himnografs arsen iyalToels: masTan

erTad Savi mTidan saqarTveloSi samoR-

vaweod Camosulan Teofile xucesmonazoni

da ioane tariWisZe.

gelaTis akademiaSi, imdroindeli bizan-

tiuri umaRlesi skolebis msgavsad, iswav-

leboda mecnierebis Svidi ZiriTadi dargi:

gramatika, filosofia, ritorika, ariTmeti-

ka, geometria, musika da astronomia5.

qveynis istoriuli sirTuleebisa da

Znelbedobis gamo iyo periodebi, roca sxva

problemebTan erTad ganaTleba da kul-

turac mniSvnelovan kriziss ganicdida. XVIII

saukuneSi xalxma erTgvarad suli moiTqva

_ vaxtang VI-m ganaTlebisa da kulturisaT-

vis moicala. 1712 wels `vefxistyaosani“

gamoica da swavlul kacTa komisiam bevri

sasikeTo saqme gaakeTa6.

Tavisi didi ocneba _ universitetis

da arseba qarTvelma xalxma XX saukunemde

moitana. jer kidev XIX _ saukunis 50-60 _

iani wlebidan ibrZodnen erovnul gamaT-

avisuflebeli moZraobis Tavkacebi uni-

versitetis dafuZnebisaTvis, magram ver

axerxebdnen ruseTis xelisuflebis wi-

naaRmdegobis gamo.

qarTuli universitetis daarsebis

saki Txi mTeli sigrZe-siganiT daisva XX

saukunis dasawyisSi; am saqmis Taosani

ivane javaxiSvili iyo. mas gverdSi edgnen:

eqvTime TayaiSvili, ioseb yifSiZe, aka-

ki SaniZe, Salva nucubiZe. universitetis

daarsebamde monawileobas iRebda saqarT-

velos saistorio da saeTnografio sazo-

gadoebis (daaarsa eqvTime TayaiSvilma 1907

wels) mesveurebi7. didi muSaoba Ca tarda

mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT. 1917 wlis

26 noembers gadawyda daarsebuliyo erTi

5 Salva nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis isto-

ria. t. I. gv. 433.

6 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. t. IV.

Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 498-502.

7 roin metreveli. saqarTvelos saistorio da

saeTnografio sazogadoeba. Tbilisi, 1982.

sibrZnismetyvelebis fakulteti. sami

ganyofilebiT: humanitarul mecniereba-

Ta (filosofia, istoria, literatura,

enaTmecniereba, socialuri mecnierebani,

pedagogika, samaTematiko da sabunebisme-

tyvelo. dekembris damlevs presaSi gamo-

qveynda gancxadeba universitetSi stu-

dentTa miRebis Taobaze. 1918 wlis 13

ianvars Sedga profesorTa kolegiis pir-

veli oficialuri sxdoma. eswrebodnen: iv.

javaxiSvili, p. meliqiSvili, a. SaniZe, f.

gogiCaiSvili, e. TayaiSvili, S. nucubiZe,

i. yifSiZe. Tavmjdomareobda p. meliqiSvi-

li, mdivani iyo a. SaniZe. airCies gamgeoba.

iv. javaxiSvilis winadadebiT reqtorad

airCies petre meliqiSvili8.

* * *

gadawyda _ universiteti gaixsnas 1918

wlis 26 ianvars. 26 ianvari saqarTvelos

nikofsiidan darubandamde gamvrcobis, afx-

azTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somex-

Ta, SirvanSa da SahanSa mefis wmida daviT

aRmaSeneblis mosaxsenebeli dRea. qarTvel-

ma mamuliSvilebma universitetis mfarvel

wmindanad daviT aRmaSenebeli aRiares. da-

viTis epoqa ideali iyo qarTvelTaTvis.

rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, daviT aRmaSen-

eblis mematiane gelaTis aSenebasa da aka-

demiis daarsebas `sxva aTinasa“ da àxal

ierusalims“ adarebs. aTeni swavla-aRzr-

disa da ganaTleba-sibrZnis centri iyo,

ierusalimi _ rwmenisa. gelaTma es ori

mZlavri fenomeni Seisisxlxorca da maRa-

li ganaTlebisa da Rrma rwmenis erTiano-

bis simbolod iqca9. amitom, ar iyo SemTx-

veviTi, rom Tbilisis universitetis gaxsna,

ivane javaxiSvilis winadadebiT, swored 26

ianvars gadawyda. amiT xazi gaesva im gare-

moebas, rom Tbilisis universiteti saqa-

rTvelos mravalsaukunovani ganaTlebisa

da kulturis did tradiciebze Seiqmna _ IV

8 roin metreveli. taZari. Tbilisi, 1993, gv.

18-44.

9 S. xidaSeli. ioane petriwi. Tbilisi, 1956.

- 33 -


saukuneSi arsebuli fazisis ritorikuli

skolisa da XII saukunis gelaTisa da iyal-

Tos akademiebis memkvidre gaxda.

universitetis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebu-

li yvela saorganizacio sakiTxi ivane ja-

vaxiSvilma moagvara. raoden niSandoblivia

mose janaSvilis sityvebi: ìv. javaxiSvilma

ikisra yvelaze didi tvirTi _ guTnisdedo-

ba TviT qarTuli mZime Rrmad mxvneli guT-

nisa... javaxiSvilis mxneobam yovelive dab-

rkoleba dasZlia da axali lampari agvinTo,

qarTuli gimnaziis Senoba gviqcia erovnu-

li didebis taZrad, misi pirveli universi-

tetis savaned“.

dadga 26 ianvari 1918 wlisa... am dRes

wyneTis quCaze N40-Si mdebare gimnaziis Se-

nobaSi gaixsna pirveli qarTuli umaRlesi

saswavlebeli _ qarTuli universiteti...

misasalmebeli sityva warmoTqva universi-

tetis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomarem akaki Cx-

enkelma. aRfrTovanebuli sityviT gamovida

universitetis reqtori petre meliqiSvili.

man xazi gausva im amocanebs, romlebic uni-

versitetis winaSe idga: `vafuZnebT qarTul

universitets imisaTvis, rom saSualeba mi-

vceT Cven xalxs mSobliur enaze gaecnos

da aiTvisos mecnieruli WeSmaritebis sawy-

isebi da agreTve saSualeba mivceT Cvens

mecnierul Zalebs Seiswavlon Cveni samSob-

lo _ saqarTvelo da kavkasia“.

Semdeg i. yifSiZem waikiTxa moxsen-

eba qarTuli universitetis daarsebis

Sesaxeb. axladdaarsebul qarTul uni-

versitets miesalmnen sxvadasxva (ruse-

Ti, somxeTi, azerbaijani, poloneTi da

sxv.) kulturul-saganmanaTleblo dawe-

sebulebis warmomadgenlebi. movida bevri

misaloci depeSa. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikos-patriarqma kirion III-m am dRes

sagangebo paraklisi gadaixada.

zeimis dasasruls gaTvaliswinebuli

iyo ivane javaxiSvilis leqcia, magram xalx-

is simravlis gamo es ver moxerxda... pir-

veli leqcia àdamianis pirovneba da misi

mniSvneloba Zvel qarTul saistorio- sa-

filosofio mwerlobaSi“ ivane javaxiSvilma

waikiTxa 1918 wlis 30 ianvars. ase daiwyo

qarTuli universitetis majiscema...

gaxsnisas universitetSi 369 studenti

iyo, 89 Tavisufali msmeneli. mas 7 profe-

sori, 5 profesoris moadgile, 2 mecnier

xelmZRvaneli da 3 leqtori hyavda. ai, ro-

gor gamoiyureboda qarTuli universite-

tis profesorTa kolegiumi 1918 wlis pir-

vel semestrSi:

reqtori _ damsaxurebuli profesori

petre meliqiSvili (qimiis doqtori), si-

brZnismetyvelebis fakultetis dekani _

profesori ivane javaxiSvili (qarTuli

filologiis magistri peterburgis univer-

sitetisa); sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis

mdivani _ profesori ioseb yifSiZe (qarTu-

li filologiis magistri peterburgis uni-

versitetisa); profesori andria benaSvili

(geodezia), profesori korneli kekeliZe

(saeklesio istoria, RvTismetyvelebis mag-

istri), profesori dimitri uznaZe (fsiqo-

logia), profesori filipe gogiCaiSvi-

li (politikuri ekonomika), profesoris

moadgile andria razmaZe (umaRlesi maTem-

atika), profesoris moadgile svimon aval-

iani (istoria), profesoris moadgile Salva

nucubiZe (filosofia), profesoris moadg-

ile giorgi axvlediani (enaTmecniereba),

mecnier xelmZRvaneli eqvTime TayaiSvili

(siZveleTmcodneoba), mecnier xelmZRvane-

li iustine abulaZe (sparsuli ena), leqto-

ri elene orbeliani (franguli ena), leqto-

ri artur laisti (germanuli ena), leqtori

ilia yifSiZe (germanuli ena), leqtori van-

da RambaSiZisa (inglisuri ena).

1918 wlis gazafxulze mZime samxe-

dro-politikuri viTareba Seiqmna. Tbiliss

osmalTa Semosevis safrTxe Seeqmna. april-

Si osmalebma baTumi daikaves. niSandobliv-

ia universitetis profesuris simtkice. maT

miiRes dadgenileba, ar daexuraT universi-

teti da gaegrZelebinaT leqciebis kiTxva.

im studentebs, romlebic omSi wavidnen,

gamotovebuli leqciebi ganmeorebiT unda

wahkiTxvodaT. mecnierebma gadawyvites, sa-

SiSroebis SemTxvevaSic universitetis Seno-

- 34 -


baSi darCeniliyvnen da mis dacvaSi mieRoT

monawileoba. es dadgenileba 9 mecnierma

miiRo. ai isinic: petre meliqiSvili, ivane

javaxiSvili, eqvTime TayaiSvili, korneli

kekeliZe, akaki SaniZe, Salva nucubiZe, gi-

orgi axvlediani, filipe gogiCaiSvili da

ioseb yifSiZe.

Tbilisis qarTuli universitetis ger-

bi ivane javaxiSvilisa da eqvTime TayaiSvi-

lis winadadebiT Seqmna mxatvarma dimitri

SevardnaZem. man Zalzed moqnilad, xatovnad

warmosaxa masazrdoebeli dedis _ alma ma-

teris xorcSesxmuli simbolika _ Sveli,

romelic ZuZus awovebs nukrs. 1918 wlis

5 Tebervals profesorTa sabWom moiwona

gerbis nimuSi da miiRo igi. diax, Tbilisis

universiteti swored rom masazrdoebeli

dedaa _ alma materia. igi iubilaria _ asi

wlisa Sesrulda.

universiteti TandaTan izrdeboda.

1918 wlis oqtomberSi gaixsna samaTem-

atiko-sabunebismetyvelo fakulteti;

1921 wlis seqtemberSi _ agronomiuli

fakulteti;

1922 wlis 16 ianvars _ politeqnikuri

fakulteti;

1922 wlis oqtomberSi _ social-

ur-ekonomikuri fakulteti;

1918 wlis 3 seqtembers erovnulma

sabWom universiteti saxelmwifo universi-

tetad gamoacxada.

1919 wlis 24 dekembers ivane javaxiSvi-

li arCeul iqna reqtorad. am Tanamdeboba-

ze igi 1926 wlis ivnisamde muSaobda.

1920 wlis 9 maiss profesorTa sabWom

pirvelad Caatara disertaciis dacva _ do-

qtoris xarisxi mieniWa akaki SaniZes.

1923 wels daarsda universitetis stam-

ba, 1933 wels _ gamomcemloba.

1926 wlis 22 ivniss ivane javaxiSvi-

li reqtorobidan gaaTavisufles. daiwyo

universitetis e.w. reorganizacia, rac mis

faqtobriv daSla-daqucmacebaSi gamoixata.

1933 wlis ianvarSi universitetma xelax-

la miiRo saswavlo da samecniero dawese-

bulebis saxe.

ivane javaxiSvilis Semdeg, daniSnuli

reqtorebidan, samwuxarod, zogma ver ga-

moiCina Tavi da ivane javaxiSvilis lafSi

amosvrac ki moiwadina. nu gavkicxavT maT

da yovelive im drois produqtad CavT-

valoT. erTi ram ki aRsaniSnavia _ ivane

javaxiSvilis Semdeg daniSnuli 6 reqtori

(Tedo Rlonti, malaqia toroSeliZe, ivane

vaSaymaZe, aleqsandre erqomaiSvili, levan

aRniaSvili, karlo oragveliZe), romlebic

erTgulad emsaxurebodnen arsebul reJims,

amave reJimma dasaja _ eqvsive daxvrites.

sabednierod, universitetis reqtore-

bad sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobdnen ale-

qsandre janeliZe da niko kecxoveli, ilia

vekua da viqtor kupraZe, giorgi ZoweniZe

da evgeni xaraZe, daviT CxikviSvili da vaJa

okujava, nodar amaRlobeli da oTar ja-

fariZe. TiToeulma maTganma SeZlebisdag-

varad Tavisi Zala da Rone Cado sauniver-

siteto saqmianobaSi.

universitetis sasaxelod unda iTqvas,

rom qveynis ganviTarebis yvela etapze igi

RirsebiT asrulebda masze dakisrebul amo-

canas. aq dafuZnda da Semdgom ganviTarda

qarTuli mecnieruli skolebi: maTematikis,

fsiqologiis, fiziologiis, oriental-

istikis, fizikis, romlebmac msoflioSi

gaiTqves saxeli. universitetis profesur-

am Seqmna saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka-

demia (1941 w.).

XXI saukunis dasawyisma mwvave arCev-

anis winaSe daayena sazogadoeba. procesebi,

romlebic amJamad qveyanaSi mimdinareobs,

kvlav svams kiTxvas _ vin varT Cven? saiT

mivdivarT? aq mxolod civi gonebiT SeiZle-

ba gadawyvetilebis miReba. amocana erTia:

saqarTvelos yoveli moqalaqis mizani unda

iyos sayovelTao samamulo mSvidoba. ada-

mianebma TviTon unda moaxerxon gardaqmna.

radikalurad Sesacvlelia arsebuli ste-

reotipebi. aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi

Tanxmobis miRweva. TiToeul adamianSi jer

kidev arsebuli siZulvilisa da ngrevis in-

stinqti unda gardaiqmnas Senebisa da siy-

varulis unarad. ufali brZanebs: ìTxo-

- 35 -


vdiT da mogeces Tquen; eZiebdiT da hpovoT;

irekdiT da gangeRos Tqven; rameTu yoveli,

romeli iTxovdes, moiRos da romeli eZieb-

des, povos, da romeli ireknkdes, ganeRos“.

(maTe, 7, 7-8). SevisminoT `saxarebis“ Segone-

ba-RaRadisi. dRes Cven unda gavimeoroT

mravalgzis ukve naTqvami _ Cvens qveyanas

sirTuleebidan gamoiyvans da gadaarCens ax-

algazrda Taobis aRzrda-ganaTleba. eris

ganaTleba, sazogadoebis gadarCenisa da

Semdgomi winsvlis realuri gzaa.

* * *

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos, rom gasuli

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis,

mecnierebisa da kulturis ganviTarebis

saqmeSi, samecniero kadrebis momzadebisa

da qveynis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Set-

anili didmniSvnelovani wvlilisTvis ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-

wifo universitets, erTaderTs saqarTve-

loSi, gansakuTrebuli statusi mieniWa. XX

saukunis miwuruls (saerTod oTxmocdaa-

Tian wlebSi), saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma

sazogadoebisa da ekonomikis cvlilebebis

globalurma xasiaTma aucilebeli gaxada

universitetis marTvisa da swavlebis or-

ganizaciis efeqturi meTodebis damuSaveba,

sabazro ekonomikis Sesabamisi menejmenti-

sa da marketingis farTo da safuZvliani

gamoyeneba. axal socialur-ekonomikur

pirobebSi ucvleli darCa universitetebis,

sazogadod, da metadre Tbilisis univer-

sitetis misia: ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da

kulturis ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa.

universitetis winaSe gamoikveTa ori

ZiriTadi amocana: pirveli _ saswavlo pro-

cesebis modernizacia msoflio standar-

tebis Sesabamisad, da meore _ arsebuli

in teleqtualuri potencialis, aseve mate-

rialur-teqnikuri bazis gadarCena-Senar-

Cuneba da ganviTareba. pirveli amocanis ga-

dasawyvetad universiteti saqmianobas jer

kidev 1992 wels Seudga, xolo 1994 wels

SemuSavda sauniversiteto ganaTlebis re-

formis koncefcia, romlis Tanamimdevru-

li ganxorcieleba imTaviTve daiwyo. am kon-

cefciis Sesabamisad Catarda kolosaluri

samuSao oretapiani swavlebis struqturisa

da Sinaarsis gansasazRvravad, misi saswavlo

literaturiT disciplinaTa programebiT,

leqciaTa kursebiT, saxelmZRvaneloebiTa

da damxmare saxelmZRvaneloebiT uzrun-

velsayofad10.

2004 wlisaTvis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti qveynis umTavresi da upirve-

lesi saswavlo-samecniero kompleqsi iyo.

igi aerTianebda meTaur universitets 22

fakultetiT, 8 filials saqarTvelos sx-

vadasxva regionSi (soxumis, siRnaRis, zug-

didis, mesxeTis, javaxeTis, qvemo qarTlis,

foTis), or samecniero-kvleviT da erT sas-

wavlo-samecniero instituts, kavkasiis bi-

znes skolas, 81 samecniero kvleviT-labo-

ratoriasa da centrs, saswavlo centrebsa

da bazebs, sam sauniversiteto skolas, li-

ceums, kolejs, samedicino saswavlebels,

samecniero biblioTekas, gamomcemlobasa

da stambas. meTaur universitetsa da mis

filialebSi studentTa raodenoba 30 000-

s aWarbebda. saxeldobr Tbilisis univer-

sitetSi 18 985 studenti swavlobda, fil-

ialebSi _ 11 498, kavkasiis biznes skolaSi

_ 457, sauniversiteto skolebSi, kolejebsa

da liceumSi _ 3 539 moswavle Rebulobda

ganaTlebas, mosamzadebel centrsa da spe-

cializebul mosamzadebel ganyofilebaze

1 400 abiturienti emzadeboda sauniversi-

teto ganaTlebis misaRebad. axalgazrdobis

aRzrdis saqmes, maRalkvalificuri kadre-

bis momzadebas imave periodSi emsaxurebo-

da 2 530 profesor-maswavlebeli, maTgan _

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli aka-

demiis 42 akademikosi da wevr-koresponden-

ti, 279 profesori an doqtori, 876 docenti

an mecnierebaTa kandidati, 1375 samecniero

xarisxis armqone pedagogi. aspiranturis

123 specialobaSi mecnierul wvrTnas gadi-

oda 728 axalgazrda. imave 2004 wlisaTvis

10 roin metreveli. universiteti dRes. Tbili-

si, 2003, gv. 6-7.

- 36 -


bakalavrebis momzadeba 112 specialobiT,

magistrebisa ki 183 specialobiT xdeboda.

universitetis wiaRSi dabrunda samedicino

ganaTleba, Camoyalibda samecniero dawe-

sebulebebis asamblea. aq Semavali saswav-

lo bazebi gamoirCeodnen mZlavri materi-

alur-teqnikuri aRWurvilobiT da maRali

samecniero-inteleqtualuri potencialiT.

niSandoblivia, rom iuristebisa da eqimebis

momzadeba erT etapad xdeboda (Sesabamisad

5 da 6 wlis manZilze).

aqtiurad warimarTa swavlebis siste-

mebis daxvewa da meTodebis gaumjobeseba.

amitom iyo, rom lisabonSi (11. IV. 1997 w.)

evropuli regionis qveynebis umetesobam,

maT Soris saqarTvelom, aSS-m da kanadam

xeli moaweres èvropis regionSi umaRles

ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli kvalifik-

aciis cnobis konvencias“. civilizebuli

qveynebis mier gadaidga mniSvnelovani nabi-

ji umaRlesi ganaTlebisaTvis Ria evropuli

sivrcis Seqmnis gziT. `sorbonis deklara-

cia“ (25.V.1998 w.) acxadebs, rom èvropa

aris aramarto saerTo valuta da ekono-

mika, aramed, agreTve, saerTo codna“. Sem-

dgomSi boloniis deklaraciam (19. VI. 1999 w.) mxari dauWira sorbonis deklaracias

evropuli sivrcis konsolidaciis mxriv

enobriv, kulturul, religiur, mZime so-

cialur da saganmanaTleblo tradiciebis

gansxvavebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic

arsebobs evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris.

msoflio globalizaciasa da ganaTlebis

saerTo sistemis formirebas mieZRvna ev-

ropis universitetTa asociaciis asamblea

salamankaSi (29.III.2001 w.). ase rom, am kon-

venciisa da deklaraciebis safuZvelze uma-

Rlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi mniSvnelovani

amocana daisaxa _ Cveni kursdamTavrebule-

bi daeuflebodnen iseT Teoriul codnasa

da praqtikul unar-Cvevebs, romelic maT

konkurentunarianobas SesZenda msoflio

inteleqtualur bazarze.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi re-

organizaciis principebis ganxorcieleba

qveynebs Soris kulturuli da samecniero

kontaqtebis arsebiTi gafarToebis safuZ-

velia. umaRlesi ganaTlebis principebis ma-

qsimalurad daaxloeba sxvadasxva qveyanaSi

winapirobaa imisa, rom moxdes studentebis,

profesor-maswavleblebis, samecniero kad-

rebis farTo urTierTgacvla. amis gareSe

warmoudgenelia maRali kvalifikaciis mqo-

ne specialistebis momzadeba, mecnierebis

ganviTarebis donis ganuxreli zrda da am

fonze Cveni qveynis perspeqtiuli ganvi-

Tareba. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets

arasodes uRalatia erovnuli principebi-

saTvis da bolomde SeinarCuna Rirseuli

roli qveynis inteleqtualuri ganviTarebi-

sa da qarTveli eris msoflio civilizaci-

asTan daaxloebis gzaze. Tbilisis saxel-

mwifo universitetis profesuras mWidro

kontaqtebi hqonda da aqvs msoflioSi aRi-

arebuli universitetebis mecnierebTan, ri-

Tac SenarCunebulia mecnieruli siaxleebis

da informaciis urTierTgacvla, Sesabamis-

ad ganuwyvetliv xdeboda da xdeba saswav-

lo gegmebisa da programebis modernizacia,

materialur-teqnikuri bazis Sevseba da ga-

naxleba. universitetSi samecniero muSao-

bas yovelTvis eniWeboda ganmsazRvreli

funqcia da mniSvneloba. axali XXI saukune

mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis prioritetis

niSniT xasiaTdeba.

Cveni mecnierebis sasaxelod unda

iTqvas, rom isini samecniero muSaobis

paralelurad udidesi ZalisxmeviT monaw-

ileobdnen saswavlo procesSi, rac praq-

tikulad gansazRvravs sauniversiteto ga-

naTlebis maRali donis SenarCunebas. esaa

erT-erTi parametri, romliTac Cveni uni-

versiteti mowinaveTa rigebSi iyo. wlebis

ganmavlobaSi rig saerTaSoriso programeb-

Si monawileobam Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo _

universitetma miiRo realuri daxmareba

samecniero-kvleviTi xelsawyo-aparatur-

is saxiT. amis Sedegad Seiqmna ramdenime

mZlavri eqsperimentuli baza, romlebSic

tardeboda gamokvlevebi msoflio stan-

dartebis doneze. ekonomikuri profilis

fakultetebis muSaobasa da ekonomikur

- 37 -


reformaSi ekonomist profesor-maswavle-

belTa aqtiur CarTvaSi mniSvnelovan rols

asrulebda Tbilisis universitetis ekono-

mikuri ganaTlebisa da samecniero muSaobis

sakoordinacio sabWo. mas aqtiuri saqmiani

urTierTobebi hqonda qveynis ekonomiku-

ri profilis saministroebTan, uwyebebTan

da samecniero-kvleviT institutebTan.

amaze miuTiTebs isic, rom sabWos muSao-

baSi universitetelebTan erTad sistemat-

urad monawileoben finansTa, ekonomikis,

erovnuli bankis, saxelmwifo kancelariis,

kontrolis palatisa da sxva uwyebebis pa-

suxismgebeli muSakebi, agreTve masmediis

warmomadgenlebi.

metad sagulisxmo faqtad unda miviCni-

oT is, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universi-

tetis gamomcemlobam gaagrZela intensiu-

ri muSaoba da aramarto SeinarCuna aramed

gadaaWarba kidec 90-iani wlebis wina peri-

ods. magaliTad, 2002 wels universitetma

dabeWda 263 dasaxelebis naSromi 2 104 nabe-

Wdi Tabaxis odenobiT, 300-ze meti saswavlo

programa. moxda saxelmZRvaneloebis dax-

vewa da gamocema. warmatebiT ganxorciel-

da sauniversiteto programa _ `saxelmZR-

vaneloebi studentebisaTvis“. marto 2003

wels gamoica 152 dasaxelebis saswavlo

da saswavlo-meToduri xasiaTis wigni da

broSura. daibeWda 75 monografia, uamra-

vi sacnobaro literatura, weliwdeulebi,

samecniero SromaTa krebulebi. univer-

sitetis mier dastambulma bevrma wignma

sayovelTao aRiareba moipova, maT Soris

Tavisi unikaluri SinaarsiT, dizainiT da

poligrafiuli SesrulebiT _ ìvane javax-

iSvilis enciklopediurma leqsikonma“.

didi tradiciebis mqone universitetis

samecniero biblioTekis danayofebi sabib-

lioTeko dargis elitas warmoadgendnen

aramarto saqarTveloSi, mTel samxreT ka-

vkasiaSic. universitetis biblioTeka saqa-

rTvelos umaRlesi da saSualo specialuri

saswavleblebis meTodur centrad iTvle-

boda. SemuSavda strategiuli gegma, romlis

xorcSesxmamac farTo integraciis pirobe-

bi Seqmna, Zireuli gardaqmna dakavSirebu-

li iyo internetTan. msoflio sabiblioTe-

ko qselSi CarTvam uzrunvelyo Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTekis ga-

farToeba da masobrivi sargebloba.

ukanasknel periodSi momxdarma kar-

dinalurma cvlilebebma, erovnuli suve-

renitetis aRdgenam, sabazro ekonomikis

principebze gadasvlam da demokratiuli

institutebis mSeneblobam Tvisobrivad

Secvala Tbilisis universitetis sagareo

urTierTobebis koncefcia da axali miznebi

da amocanebi dasaxa mis winaSe. ganisazRvra

axali prioritetebi, rac upirveles yovli-

sa, gulisxmobda studentebis gacvlas,

profesor-maswavleblebisa da axalgazrda

mecnierTa staJirebasa da erTobliv Tem-

atikaze muSaobas. amasTanave, gansakuTre-

buli yuradReba daeTmo saerTaSoriso da

regionul konsorciumebSi gaerTianebas da

am konsorciumebis farglebSi samecniero

da saswavlo-meTodologiur problematika-

ze erTobliv muSaobas. globalizaciis Ta-

namedrove etapze universiteti droulad

Caeba erTiani sakredito sistemis SemuSave-

basa da saakreditacio saqmianobaSi. swored

am sakiTxebs ganixilavda 2002 wlis gazaf-

xulze daniaSi da amave wlis oqtomberSi

SveicariaSi gamarTuli evropis universi-

tetebis asociaciis kongresebi. Tbilisis

universiteti aqtiurad TanamSromlobda

am organizaciebTan da monawileobda im

RonisZiebebSi, romlebmac kidev erTxel

daadastura evropisa da, zogadad, msoflio

universitetebis etapobrivi integraciis

aucilebloba.

Tbilisis universitetma 1994 wlidan,

umaRlesi ganaTlebis koncefciis miRebi-

sTanave, gadadga pirveli nabijebi reforme-

bis gzaze. sakmaod bevric gakeTda, rac

daadastura 2002 wlis Semodgomaze Tbili-

sis saxelmwifo universitetSi Camosulma

eqspertebis jgufma, romelsac xelmZRvan-

elobda aSS-is umaRlesi ganaTlebis sabWos

vice-prezidenti _ qalbatoni madelain gri-

ni. delegaciis wevrebs Soris iyvnen evro-

- 38 -


puli kreditebis transferis sistemisa da

Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemmuSavebeli e.w

„boloniis procesis“ aRmasrulebeli Tavj-

domare da evropis universitetebis asoci-

aciis generaluri mdivani. eqspertTa jgu-

fis amgvari warmomadgenlobiTi done iyo

dasturi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-

tis saerTaSoriso avtoritetisa, evropuli

partniorebisa da organizaciebis survili

exilaT Tbilisis universiteti evropul

ojaxSi. eqspertebi Sexvdnen universitetis

xelmZRvanelebs, profesor-maswavleblebs,

administraciis warmomadgenlebs, studen-

tebs. miRebuli masalebisa da Sexvedrebis

safuZvelze maT SeimuSaves rekomendaciebis

kompleqsi, romelic metad sasargeblo iyo

sauniversiteto saqmianobisaTvis.

integraciis procesis daCqarebas emsax-

ureboda Tbilisis universitetis deleg-

aciis viziti venis universitetSi, romlis

reqtori amave dros evropis universitetis

asociaciis vice-prezidenti iyo (Semdeg

prezidenti gaxda). evropis erT-erTi uZve-

lesi da saintereso tradiciebis mqone ve-

nis universiteti didi avtoritetiT sarge-

blobda mTel msoflioSi da man gamoxata

survili, rom Tbilisis universiteti aqti-

urad Cabmuliyo „boloniis procesis“ Car-

CoebSi mimdinare RonisZiebebSi. swored am

universitetis SuamdgomlobiT Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti 2002 wlis se-

qtemberSi berlinis kongresze gawevrianda

„boloniis procesSi“.

universiteti aqtiurad TanamSrom-

lobda iseT organizaciebTan, rogorebicaa

„evraziis universitetebis asociacia“(1994

wlidan-asociaciis Seqmnidan mokidebu-

li iyo damfuZnebeli-wevri.) da „Savi zR-

vis qveynebis universitetebis asociacia.“

„evraziis universitetebis asociaciis“ far-

glebSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitet-

ma aRadgina da Tvisebrivad axal safexurze

aiyvana urTierToba moskovis lomonosovis

saxelobisa da kievis universitetebTan,

erevnisa da azerbaijanis universitetebTan.

2000 wels aRdga didi xnis win Sewyvetili

urTierToba sankt-peterburgis universi-

tetTan, sadac aRmosavleTis fakultetze

gaixsna specialoba „kavkasiaTmcodneoba“

(somxur-qarTuli ganyofileba). universi-

tetma daxmareba gauwia sankt-peretburgel

kolegebs, saamisod SemuSavda programa,

romlis farglebSi sankt.peterburgSi miv-

lenili iqnen profesor-maswavleblebi le-

qciebis wasakiTxad. gaigzavna specialuri

literatura da sxvadsxva wignebi (saxelmZ-

Rvaneloebi).

2002 wlis seqtemberSi baqoSi gaimarTa

„Savi zRvis auzis qveynebis universitetebis

asociaciis“ generaluri asambleis sxdoma,

romlis ZiriTadi mizani iyo globalizaciis

procesSi universitetebis erTiani strate-

giisa da taqtikis SemuSaveba. am mxriv, upir-

veles amocanad iqca saswavlo programebis

daaxloeba da Sejereba, momdevno etapze

erTmaneTis diplomebis nostrificirebis

mizniT. aRsaniSnavia, rom ...partnioru-

li urTierTobis geografia sagrZnoblad

gafarTovda. vaSingtonis amerikuli uni-

versitetebis TaosnobiTa da dafinansebiT

Seiqmna saerTaSoriso konsorciumi amerik-

is, TurqeTisa da samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis

umaRlesi saswavleblebis monawileobiT.

ganisazRvra prioriteti: kavkasiaTmcod-

neoba, erToblivi samecniero proeqtebi,

TanamSromloba akademiur sferoSi. saqa-

rTvelos istorikosTa erovnuli komite-

ti gawevrianda istorikosTa msoflio

komitetSi (2002 w.).

kanadis sent-meris saxelobis universi-

tetTan Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitet-

ma Seqmna biznes-centri „kavkasia“, qveyana-

Si mcire da saSualo biznesisaTvis xelis

Sewyobis mizniT. Catarda treningebi bi-

znesmenebisa da studentebisaTvis. daarsda

konsorciumi, romelSic Tbilisis univer-

sitetTan erTad gaerTiandnen amerikuli

universitetebi: velsli koleji, viliams

koleji, amherst koleji da maunT holuoki

koleji. konsorciumis mTavari mizani iyo

studentebis gacvla. amerikeli studentebi

gaecnen universitets. paralelurad praq-

- 39 -


tika gaiares sxvadasxva organizaciaSi, uw-

yebaSi da a. S. aseve qarTvelma studentebma

praqtika gaiares zemoaRniSnul kolejebSi.

sagrZnoblad gaizarda jorjiis saxel-

mwifo universitetis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo

da saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetebis

erToblivi ZalisxmeviT daarsebuli kavka-

siis biznes-skolis avtoriteti, rac, upir-

velesad, gamoixateba studentebis raode-

nobis zrdiT rogorc bakalavriatSi, aseve

samagistro programebSi. wamyvani pedagoge-

bi Cabmulni arian biznesis skolis saswavlo

da samecniero-meTodologiur procesSi.

2002 wels, tradiciulad, Tbilsis uni-

versitetSi iuneskos mxardaWeriT gaimar-

Ta kavkasiologebisa da qarTvelologebis

msoflio kongresi, romelmac kidev erTx-

el warmoaCina mecnierebis am dargebis mniS-

vneloba msoflio masStabiT. kongresi eZ-

Rvneboda akademikos mari broses dabadebis

200 wlisTavs. niSandoblivia, rom iuneskos

xelSewyobiT universitetSi funqcionireb-

da sami erTeuli: okeanologiis, saavtoro

uflebaTa dacvis, arasamTavrobo orga-

nizaciebis Seswavlisa da maTTan muSaobis

kaTedrebi. 2002 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetma tempusis proeqtebis mimar-

TulebiTac gadadga mniSvnelovani nabi-

jebi. Seiqmna konsorciumebi frang, berZen,

italiel, inglisel, espanel, portugaliel

kolegebTan erTad da am konsorciumebis

farglebSi momzadda proeqtebi.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets

par tnioruli urTierTobebi hqonda msof-

lios mraval universitetTan. am mxriv,

erT-erTi uZlieresi partniori gaxlavT

zaarlandis universiteti, sadac qarTveli

studentebi garkveuli droiT swavlobd-

nen, profesor-maswavleblebi periodulad

muSaobdnen, axalgazrda mecnierebi gadi-

odnen staJirebas, tradiciulad igzavne-

bodnen studentebi bambergis, ienis, vene-

ciis, kairos, damaskis, beiruTis, Teiranis,

ankaris universitetebSi. XXI saukunis da-

sawyisSi Tbilisis universitetSi moimata

ucxoel studentTa ricxvma, romlebic eu-

flebodnen qarTul da rusul enebs, saqa-

rTvelos istorias da kulturas. inter-

netis wyalobiT sul ufro da ufro meti

ganacxadebi Semodis msoflios sxvadasxva

qveynebidan. warmatebiT muSaobda zafxulis

qarTvelologiuri skola. tradiciulad,

universitetSi mravali ucxoeli mecnieri

kiTxulobda leqciebs. saqarTvelo ofi-

cialurad gaxda frankofonuli sazoga-

doebis wevri qveyana, masSi universitetic

CaerTo. poloneTis saelCos daxmarebiT

aRdga urTierToba loZisa da varSavis

universitetebTan. aqtiuri urTierToba

iyo sxva saelCoebTanac. aRmosavleTmcod-

neobis fakultetze iranis saelCos dax-

marebiT gaixsna e.w. „iranis kabineti“. ru-

mineTis saelCos daxmarebiT xeli moewera

TanamSromlobis xelSekrulebas Tbilisisa

da buqarestis universitetebs Soris. xe-

lSekrulebis Tanaxmad, universitetebi aR-

iareben erTmaneTis diplomebs, orive uni-

versitetSi daiwyo, Sesabamisad, ruminuli

da qarTuli enebis swavleba.

universiteti aqtiurad TanamSrom-

lobda saqarTveloSi arsebul saerTaSo-

riso fondebTan. mravalma studentma Tu

profesor-maswavlebelma moipova grante-

bi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTve-

loSi aSS-is saelCos saqmianoba saganmanaT-

leblo sferoSi. faqtobrivad, amerikis

saelCos mxardaWeriT aris ganpirobebu-

li „amerikis Seswavlis centris“ daarseba

(2001 w.) centrma garkveuli roli Seasru-

la „amerikanistikis“, rogorc specialo-

bis (igi dasavleT evropis enebisa da lit-

eraturis fakultetze iyo) ganviTarebis

saqmeSi.

gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi grZelde-

boda sapatio doqtorad msoflioSi gamoCe-

nili mecnierebisa da politikosebis arCevis

tradicia. adre arCeuli didi mecnierebis

nikodime kondakovis (ruseTi), feliqs der-

elis (safrangeTi), hans fogtis (norvegia),

ananiaiS zaianCkovskis (poloneTi), devid

marSal langis (inglisi), rene lafonis (sa-

frangeTi), franc bolkis (germania) gver-

- 40 -


diT 1991 wlidan saukunis bolomde sapatio

doqtorebad (sul 39 kaci) arCeul iqnen

mecnierebi: gert humeli, iulius asfalgi

(germania), hovard aronsoni (aSS), petro

kononenko (ukraina), devid adamsi, svetlana

Cervonnaia (ruseTi), qeTrin viviani (ingli-

si) karl horst Smidti (germania), givi mar-

gvelaSvili (germania) da sxv. politikosebi:

jorj Sulci (aSS), xusameTTin jindoruqi

(TurqeTi), butros butros Rali (gaero),

al aqbar haSemi rafsajani (irani), suleiman

demireli (TurqeTi), hans ditrix genSeri

(germania), jeims belingtoni (aSS), zbignev

bJeJinski (aSS) da sxv. niSandoblivia, rom

universitetis sapatio doqtorebi uSual-

od iyvnen dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosTan,

universitetTan da mraval sasikeTo saqmis

Taosnebad gamodiodnen (mecnieruli dax-

mareba, qvelmoqmedeba da sxv.).

saerTaSoriso gamocdileba gviCvenebs,

rom umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da universite-

tis roli gansakuTrebulia qveynis gar-

damaval periodebSi, miT umetes, saqarT-

velos dRevandel sinamdvileSi, rodesac

Camouyalibebelia ekonomika, mZime mdgo-

mareobaSia warmoebiTi urTierTobebi, ar-

aefeqturi da dauxvewavia mmarTvelobiTi

institutebis meqanizmebi. swored am dros

umaRles saswavlebels moeTxoveba moamza-

dos ara ubralod umaRlesi kvalifikaci-

is profesionalebi ama Tu im specialobiT,

aramed maRali moqalaqeobrivi mrwamsis,

faseulobaTa progresuli sistemisadmi

mkafio pozitiuri damokidebulebis mqone

erovnuli kadrebi, raTa maTgan saukeTe-

soebma _ saqmis, qveynis da momavlisadmi pa-

suxismgeblobiT gamsWvalulma, kanonisadmi

pativiscemisa da mis farglebSi pragmatuli

aqtivobis CvevebiT aRWurvilma patrioteb-

ma Seavson qveynis mmarTveli elitis rigebi.

universitets kargad aqvs gacnobierebuli

es didi erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi, da

amdenad, metad sapatio misia, da, sauniver-

siteto ganaTlebis reformebis procesSi

myofi, eswrafvis Seaxamos Tanamedrove sas-

wavlo-saganmanaTleblo meTodikebis dan-

ergva da axali drois Sesabamisi studentu-

ri aqtivobis xelSewyoba.

studentTa samecniero moRvaweoba,

maTi monawileoba samoyvarulo mxatvrul

SemoqmedebaSi, fizkulturul da sportul

RonisZiebebSi, maTi socialuri aqtivo-

ba _ es is mudmivi CamonaTvalia, saswavlo

process gareT studenturi saqmianobis

saxeebs rom warmoadgens, Tumca sxvadasx-

va dros icvleba am saqmianobaTa forma

da Sinaarsi, nawildeba xolme aqcentebi.

sauniversiteto ganaTlebis orsafexurian

sistemaze gadasvla studentTa samecniero

aqtivobis zrdiT aRiniSna. sistematurad

tardeboda da Tvisobrivad maRal doneze

mimdinareobda samecniero konferenciebi,

universitetelebi didi warmatebiT monaw-

ileobdnen respublikur Tu saerTaSori-

so forumebsa da daTvalierebebSi, saer-

TaSoriso fondebis mier grantuli wesiT

dafinansebul samecniero programebSi.

masobrivi gaxda sazRvargareTis univer-

sitetTa studentebTan erToblivi sas-

wavlo-samecniero gacvliTi praqtikebi,

saukeTeso studentTa grZelvadiani sas-

wavlo mivlinebebi msoflios wamyvan uma-

Rles saswavleblebSi. saswavlo gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli saleqcio da saaudi-

torio saswavlo procesis gare aqtivo-

bis es mimarTuleba, samecniero saqmiano-

bisken ltolva, cxadia, uSualo kavSirSia

arCeuli specialobiT profesiul zrdas-

Tan, amitom, didi samecniero sabWos gad-

awyvetilebiT igi centralizebuli wesiT,

samecniero nawilis patronaJiT warimarTe-

boda. axalgazrdul enTuziazms saTaveSi

`Tsu studentTa da aspirantTa samecniero

sazogadoeba“ edga, romlis ramdenime war-

momadgeneli (studenti) didi samecniero

sabWos wevri iyo, fakultetebze ki stu-

dentTa mniSvnelovani nawili monawile-

obda safakulteto samecniero sabWoebis

muSaobaSi.

bevr ucxoel eqsperts gamouTqvams

kmayofileba qarTveli studentebiT. ev-

ropis universitetTa asociaciasTan ar-

- 41 -


sebuli ganaTlebis amerikuli sabWos vice

prezidentma madelain grinma studentebTan

Sexvedrebis Semdeg ganacxada: `gansakuTre-

biT movixible universitetis studentebiT,

maTi ganaTlebis maRali doniT, xalasi az-

rovnebiT, aqtiurobiT“. msgavsi Sefaseba

ufro amaRlebulad gamoxata sruliad ela-

dis mTavarepiskoposma, unetaresma qristo-

dulosma, rodesac klasikuri filologiis,

bizantinistikisa da neogracistikis saswav-

lo-samecniero institutis studentebTan

TanamSromlobis gamocdilebiT usazRvrod

kmayofilma, misTvis specialurad berZnul

enaze mowyobili Sexvedris monawileebs

vrceli qadagebiT mimarTa, Sexvedris

monawile 300-ze meti studenti daloca da

uklebliv yvela oqros jvriT daajildova.

universitetis studenti-axalgazr-

dobis ZiriTadi gazeTi gaxldaT `Tbili-

sis universiteti“, romelSic sistematu-

rad aisaxeboda sauniversiteto cxovreba

da studenturi Semoqmedeba. warmatebiT

Seavso sauniversiteto sagazeTo sivrce

gazeTma `qarTuli universiteti“, rome-

lic ufro mimoxilviT, saganmanaTleblo

Tu mxatvrul Tematikas aSuqebda. amasTan

erTad unda aRiniSnos aRmosavleTmocod-

neobis studentTa da aspirantTa aqtiuri

sagamomcemlo saqmianoba _ maT metad saW-

iro nabiji gadadges _ daafuZnes Jurnali

àRmosavleTi“, romelic farTo mkiTxvels

acnobda aRmosavleTTan dakavSirebul mniS-

vnelovan kulturul, politikur Tu sain-

formacio masalas. samoyvarulo mxatvruli

SemoqmedebiT dainteresebul student-

Ta saqmianoba universitetSi, ZiriTadad,

warimarTeboda universitetis kulturisa

da xelovnebis centris bazaze. qarTveli

xalxis siyvaruli daimsaxura vokalur-

ma ansamblma ùniversiteti“. warmatebuli

iyo folkloruli ansamblisa da xalxuri

sakravebis ansamblis Semoqmedeba, maRal

doneze funqcionirebda kapela. warmatebu-

li gamodga plastikis Teatris dafuZne-

ba. centrTan warmatebiT agrZelebda

SemoqmedebiT saqmianobas Teatri studia

`mermisi“. studenti axalgazrdobis maso-

brivi gatacebis sagani iyo man-san-kan-elTa

konkursebi. universitetis gundma farTo

sazogadoebis mowoneba daimsaxura. uni-

versitetis man-san-kanelebma saerTaSo-

riso aRiarebac moipoves. warmatebuli

iyo universitetis xalxuri cekvis ansam-

blis gamosvlebi. yovelTvis gamorCeuli

zeimurobiT xasiaTdeboda xelovnebisa da

humanitarul profesiaTa fakultetis saan-

gariSo Tu saiubileo koncertebi, saxviTi

xelovnebis da samodelo gamofenebi.

universitetSi mniSvnelovani iyo fiz-

kulturuli moZraobac. tradiciuli iyo

Sida sauniversiteto Sejibrebi fexburT-

Si, kalaTburTSi, mZleosnobaSi, magidis

CogburTSi, minifexburTSi da sportis

sxva masobriv saxeobebSi. sistematiurad

ewyoboda masobrivi alpiniadebi saqarTve-

los mTian zonebSi. rac Seexeba sportul

Sejibrebebs universitetis studento-

bam rogorc gundur, ise pirad sportul

SejibrebaSi mraval STambeWdav warmate-

bas miaRwia. amaze naTlad metyvelebs ka-

laTburTelTa da fexburTelTa gundebis

monawileoba qveynis umaRles ligaSi. stu-

denturi aqtivobis mxardaWeris, sxvadasx-

va damoukidebeli jgufis iniciativisa

da sainterso winadadebebis waxalisebis

mizniT, da, meore mxriv, universitetis xe-

lmZRvanelobisa da studenturi jgufebis

urTierTSeTanxmebuli TanamSromlobis

mizniT Seiqmna studentTa momsaxurebisa

da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ganyo-

fileba. universiteti mxars uWerda axal,

saintereso ideebs, romelsac axalgazrde-

bi warmoadgendnen. arsebobda ramdenime da-

moukidebel iuridiul pirad gaformebuli

studenturi organizacia. TiTqmis yvela

fakultetze arCeuli iyo da saqmianobd-

nen studenturi sabWoebi, an studentTa da

aspirantTa kavSirebi, romlebic warmoad-

gendnen studentTa interesebs fakulte-

tis samecniero sabWoebSi. arsebobda stu-

denturi sauniversiteto profkavSiruli

organizacia.

- 42 -


damoukidebel iuridiul pirs warmoad-

genda „studenturi saeqspedicio moZraoba“,

romelic saqarTvelos reqtorTa sabWosa

da saqarTvelos TanadgomiT mTeli qvey-

nis studenturi saeqspedicio moZraobis

warmmarTvelad iqca. am moZraobas, Tbili-

sis universitetis studentobis iniciativ-

iT, bevri sxva umaRlesi saswavleblis ax-

algazrdobac Seemata. maTi partnioruli

saqmianoba sruliad saqarTvelos patriarq-

is, uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia meoris

locva-kurTxeviT mimdinareobda, TviTon

uwmindesi da unetaresi ramdenimejer es-

tumra samxreT saqarTveloSi saqvelmoqme-

do misiiT wasul studentebs. javaxeTSi

_ fokasa da baraleTSi Cveni studentebis

saqmianobas adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ara

mxolod kmayofileba gamoiwvia, maTi mrava-

li sayofacxovrebo problemis gadaWris

imedic miecaT. sagangebod unda aRiniS-

nos studentTa iniciativa kodoris xeobis

mosaxleobleobisTvis daxmarebis gawevis

Taobaze. am aqciaSi mTeli saqarTvelo Caeba

da ZnelbedobaSi myof xeobis mkvidrT ram-

denimejer miawodes ara mxolod fizikuri

(sakvebi, tansacmeli), sulieri sazrdoc

(saskolo wignebi da rveulebi).

* * *

winamdebare statia Tbilisis univer-

sitetis (àlma-materis“) cxovrebisa da

saqmianobis mxolod erT periods XX sauku-

nis 90-ian wlebsa da XXI saukunis dasawyiss

(2005 wlamde) warmoadgens. Semdgomi perio-

di Tavisi mZime problemebiT calke ganxil-

vas da Sefasebas imsaxurebs.

Tbilisis universitetis mudmivi amoca-

naa ganviTardes sistemurad. swored mod-

ernizaciis problemaa dRes mTavari. uni-

versiteti arsebobis mTel manZilze qmnida

umaRlesi skolis saintereso models. igi

mudmivad ixveweboda drois Sesabamisad da

gardaqmnaTa moTxovnilebisamebr; sruly-

ofda saswavlo process, swavlebis sistemis

racionalur mimarTulebas hqmnida, sauni-

versiteto mecnierebas anviTarebda, urT-

ierToba hqonda akademiur mecnierebasTan,

zrunavda teqnikuri srulyofisaTvis, yve-

lafers akeTebda studentTa codnis dau-

flebisa da SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebisaT-

vis aucilebeli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad11.

migvaCnia, rom ivane javaxiSvilis saxe-

lobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti,

misi profesor-maswavlebloba da studen-

toba dResac qveynis samsaxurSia. igi mamu-

ls uSurvelad aZlevs Tavis Zalasa da

energias. vimedovnebT, rom àlma-materi“

Tavisi arsebobis 100 wlisTavze kvlavac

erTgulad emsaxureba deda-saqarTvelos,

cdilobs Rirseuli Svilebi _ specialiste-

bi da moqalaqeebi aRuzardos qveyanas.

11 ix. roin metreveli. universiteti dRes.

Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 23-45.

- 43 -

samwuxarod Sua saukuneebis saeklesio

dokumentebis simwiris gamo, gagviWirdeba

am sakiTxze srulfasovani msjeloba, magram

mainc SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom saWiroe-

bis SemTxvevaSi eklesia mzad iyo gamoerCia

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre. 1795 wels,

kievSi gardaicvala lixT-imereTis da afx-

azeTis kaTolikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi maq-

sime (abaSiZe). dasavleT saqarTvelos samR-

vdeloebis gadawyvetilebiT sakaTolikoso

taxts ganagebda dosiTeoz quTaTeli, ro-

gorc mosaydre.

1811-1812 wlebSi, ruseTis imperatoris

aleqsandre I-is brZanebiT, gauqmda rogorc

mcxeTis, aseve lixT-imereTis da afxazeTis

sapatriarqoebi amis Semdeg saqarTvelos

eklesias saTaveSi Caudga ruseTis wmida

sinods daqvemdebarebuli rusi egzarqose-

bi da kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydreobac

istorias Cabarda.

1917 wlis 12 (25) marts, sveticxovelSi

rodesac gamocxadda saqarTvelos eklesi-

is avtokefaliis aRdgena, Seiqmna saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi

mmarTveloba, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga

guria-odiSis episkoposi leonide. igi faq-

tobrivad gafarToebul saeklesio krebis

mowvevamde saqarTvelos eklesias marTavda

mosaydris uflebiT.

1917 wlis 8-17 seqtembers, Tbilis-

Si mowveulma pirvelma saeklesio krebam

daamtkica saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba,

debulebis Tanaxmad (paragrafi #2. b. pun-

qti) gaCnda aseTi Canaweri `tfileli, ro-

gorc kaTolikosis uaxloesi adgilobrivi

mRvdelmTavari aris mosaydre kaToliko-

sisa“12. 1917 wlis 17 seqtembers, rode-

sac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqad da mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposad

airCies episkoposi kirioni _ uwmidesi da

unetaresi kirion II. Tbileli mitropoli-

ti leonide (oqropiriZe) marTva-gamgeo-

bis debulebis Tanaxmad gamocxadda kaTo-

12 mitropoliti anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos

saeklesio kanonebis krebuli. Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 254.

sergo vardosaniZe sergo vardosaniZe

profesori

mosaydris instituti saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSisaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis uwmidesi da

une taresi ilia II-is gadawyvetilebam senakisa da Cxorowyus mitropolit Sios sruli-

ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred daniSvnis Sesaxeb (2017 wlis 23

noembers) sazogadoebaSi gazarda interesi am sakiTxisadmi. zogierTma am ganCinebas

pirveli precedenti uwoda, vfiqrob amitom mniSvnelovania detalurad ganvixiloT

mosaydris instituti saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi.

- 44 -


likoz-patriarqis mosaydred. saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos arqivSi daculia sakaToliko-

zo sabWos sxdomis ramdenime saoqmo Canaw-

eri, sadac irkveva, rom kirion II-is avadmy-

ofobis gamo sakaTolikozo sabWos sxdomas

Tavmjdomareobda kaTolikos-patriarqis

mosaydre Tbileli mitropoliti leonide,

romelmac wina sxdomaze uwmidesi da une-

taresi kirionis mier mirian beris (beqauri)

arqimandritis xarisxSi ayvana da diakoni

timoTes (bakuraZe) mRvdlad kurTxevis

gadawyvetileba gaauqma, magram momdevno

sxdomaze (1917 wlis 28 marti) uwmidesma da

unetaresma kirion II baTilad scno mosay-

dre leonides mier miRebuli ganCineba… es

is samwuxaro SemTxvevaa, rodesac moqmed

kaTolikos-patriarqs da mosaydres Soris

aSkarad dapirispirebaa.

1918 wlis 27 ivniss, martyofis mon-

asterSi, mokles sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da une-

taresi kirion II. saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeoba avtomaturad gadavida mo-

saydris, Tbileli mitropoliti leonides

xelSi. man saero xelisuflebas miawoda in-

formacia martyofSi momxdari tragikuli

movlenis Sesaxeb. mitropoliti leonide,

rogorc saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis mosaydre, Tavis movaleobas as-

rulebda 1919 wlis 23 Tebervlamde, vidre

igi sveticxovelSi ar akurTxes sruli-

ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad.

misi gadawyvetilebiT 1920 wels miRe-

bul iqna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali debule-

ba, romelic daamtkica meore saeklesio

krebam. debulebis Tanaxmad gaerTianda

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia da daeqvemdeba-

ra sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqs. axal debulebaSi kaTolikosis

mosaydreze Caiwera: `kaTolikozis gar-

dacvalebis Semdeg gamoiwveva erT-erTi

mRvdelmTavari da iwodeba kaTolikozis

mosaydred, kaTolikozis arCevamde“13. 1921


saeklesio kanonebis krebuli“. Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 268.

wlis 11 ivniss, rodesac gardaicvala uw-

midesi da unetaresi leonide, sagangebod

Seikriba sakaTolikoso sabWos sxdoma, ro-

melsac eswrebodnen: mitropoliti nazari,

episkoposebi pirosi, daviTi, dekanozebi

kalistrate, naumi, epifane. sakaToliko-

so sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mo-

saydred daemtkicebina cxum-bedineli mi-

tropoliti ambrosi (xelaia) da amis Sesax-

eb depeSiT acnoba mas, magram cxum-bediis

eparqiaSi Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo

man realurad ver Seasrula mosaydris

movaleoba, igi quTaisSi gamarTul mesame

saeklesio krebaze (1923 wlis 1-5 seqtem-

beri) arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad.

1923 wlis 12 ianvars, saqarTvelos

ssr sagangebo komisiam, `Cekam“ àntisabWo-

Ta gamosvlebis“ braldebiT miiRo gad-

awyvetileba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarq ambrosis da sakaTolikoso

sabWos wevrebis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb. pa-

triarqma ambrosim iTxova mcire dro, man

sapatriarqos blankian qaRaldze Tavisi

xeliT dawera Semdegi ganCineba: `Cemi dapa-

timrebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelad

vniSnav urbnel episkopos qristefores (cicqiSvils)“. miuxedavad imisa, rom

marTva-gamgeobis moqmedi debuleba mas

aZlevda mosaydris gamorCevis uflebas,

man es ar gaakeTa. episkoposi qristefore

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is droebiTi mmarTvelis rangSi eklesias

marTavda 1923-1925 wlebSi. 1925 wlis 10

marts, uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi pa-

timrobidan gaaTavisufles da droebi-

Ti mmarTvelis meufe qristefores posti

avtomaturad gauqmda. patriarqma ambro-

sim, 1925 wlis 30 oqtombers, dekanozi ka-

listrate cincaZe akurTxa episkoposad,

imave dRes mianiWa mitropolitoba, daa-

jildova bartyulaze briliantis jvris

tarebis uflebiT da gamoacxada sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mud-

- 45 -


miv mosaydred. ganCinebaSi gawerili iyo is

uflebebi, romelic mosaydres eZleoda ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis mier. kaTolikos-pa-

triarq ambrosis am gadawyvetilebam mR-

vdelmTavarTa erTi nawili gaanawyena da

daapirispira rogorc uwmides da unetares

ambrosisTan, aseve mosaydre kalistrates-

Tan. magaliTad 1926 wlis 8 dekembers qu-

TaTelma daviT kaWaxiZem aseTi Sinaarsis

depeSa gaugzavna uwmides ambrosis: `kaTo-

likos-patriarqi ambrosi da sakaTolikoso

sabWo Cems mimarT usamarTlod da ukanon-

od moiqca... Tqven daRupeT saqarTvelos

eklesia, Tqven araviTar zomebs ar Rebu-

lobT waqceuli eklesiis arsadgenad... am-

itom me qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa Soris

uxucesma 5 dekembers wirvaze gamovacxa-

de Tavi kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisa

da sakaTolikoso sabWosgan damoukideb-

lad“14. meufe daviTi ufro Sors wavida da

mosaydre mitropolit kalistrates aseTi

Sinaarsis werili miswera: `quTaTelma ga-

naCina coliani mitropoliti kalistrate

gagzavnil iqnas monasterSi raTa Tavisi

areuli azrebi daiwynaros... xolo Cems

mowinaaRmdege sakaTolikozo sabWos wev-

rebs?... panCuri“15.

uwmidesi ambrosis da mosaydre mi-

tropolit kalistrates mowinaaRmdege

mRvdelmTavrebma qristeforem, daviTma,

ioanem, simeonma, nestorma 1926 wlis 26-

27 dekembers sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarq ambrosisa da sakaToliko-

zo sabWos gverdis avliT quTaisSi Caatares

saeklesio kreba, gadayenebulad gamoacxa-

des sakaTolikozo sabWos Semadgenloba,

Seqmnes eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba,

gaatares igi Sinsaxkomis registraciaSi

rogorc saqarTvelos eklesiis erTaderTi

kanonieri mmarTveloba, maT aiZules kaTo-

likos-patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti

kalistrate gadamdgariyo mosaydreobidan

14 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, episkopos

daviT kaWaxiZis saqme 1866, furceli 7.

15 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, episkopos

daviT kaWaxiZis saqme 1866, furceli 8.

(1926 wlis 30 dekemberi). 1927 wlis 4 ian-

vars, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqs uwmidess da unetares ambrosis Ca-

moarTves sakaTolikoso kancelaria, saqmis

warmoebis ufleba. uwmides da unetares

ambrosis nerviulobis niadagze daemarTa

tvinSi sisxlis Caqceva, dakarga goneba da

29 marts RamiT 3 saaTze gardaicvala...

1927 wels gamarTul IV saeklesio

krebaze sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqad arCeul iqna mitro-

politi qristefore(cicqiSvili), uwmidesi

da unetaresi qristefore III-is saxeliT,

krebam daamtkica saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba, sadac

mosaydris Sesaxeb aseTi Canaweri gakeT-

da: `rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gar-

daicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobis Tu sxva

mizezTa gamo moklebul iqneba saSuale-

bas, gawios xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio

marTva-gamgeoba mas, sinodi gamoiwvevs

erT-erT mRvdelmTavars, daniSnavs mas ka-

Tolikoz-patriarqis Tanamosaydred; mo-

saydreoba uqmdeba, rodesac kaTolikoz-pa-

triarqi Tavis adgilzea“16. IV saeklesio

krebam quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti

daviTi gamoacxada sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikoz-patriarqis mosaydred. krebam

sakaTolikozo sabWos nacvlad Seqmna saka-

Tolikoso sinodi. sul male mosaydre da-

viTi daupirispirda kaTolikos-patriarq

qristefore III da moiTxova misi gadayene-

ba, magram 1930 wlis 12 Tebervals TviTon

iqna ganTavisuflebuli quTaisis eparqiis

mmarTvelis da mosaydris Tanamdebobidan.

1937 wels miRebul da 1945 wels damt-

kicebul saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis Ta-

naxmad `rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi

gardaicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobisa da

sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqneba sa-

Sualebas gauwios xelmZRvaneloba saekle-

sio marTva-gamgeobas, mis adgils iWers is

mRvdelmTavari, mosaydris wodebiT, rom-



- 46 -


lis Sesaxeb kaTolikoz-patriarqis mdivan-

Tan iqneba misi uwmidesobis da unetareso-

bis werilobiTi gankarguleba; mosaydreoba

uqmdeba, rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi

Tavis adgilzea“17. 1943 wlis seqtemberSi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates

gadawyvetilebiT sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis mosaydred dadgenil

iqna mitropoliti melqisedeki (fxalaZe).

ai, ras werda mosaydred gamorCeul meufe

melqisedeks: `gTxovT Cems mier aRebul

gezs da mimarTulebas nu SecvliT, es ar

ivargebs, eklesiis da piradad TqvenTvi-

sac iqneba saziano“18 uwmidesi kalistrates

gardacvalebis Semdeg 1952 wlis 5 aprils

gamarTulma mecxre saeklesio krebam mo-

saydre mitropoliti melqisedeki airCia


arqad.

1958 welis 14 noembris uwmidesi da

unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqis melqisedek III-is brZa-

nebiT episkoposi daviTi (devdariani),

dainiSna kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepisko-

posad, xolo 1959 wlis 24 ivnisis brZanebiT

igi dajildovda skufiaze jvris tarebis

uflebiT da gamocxadda sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred...

1960 wlis 10 ianvars gardaicvala uw-

midesi da unetaresi melqisedek III, imave

dRes gaimarTa saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdoma, ro-

melsac eswrebodnen: baTum-Semoqmedeli

da Wyondideli mitropoliti efremi (si-

damoniZe), bodbeli mitropoliti dimitri

(iaSvili), quTaTen-gaenaTeli mitropoli-

ti naumi (SavianiZe), urbneli episkoposi

_ mosaydre daviTi (devdariani), TeTriw-

yaroeli episkoposi zinobi (maJuga). sino-

dis sxdoma gaxsna bodbelma mitropolitma

dimitrim, romelmac wamoayena winadadeba



18 sergo vardosaniZe. saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis aswlovani matiane 1917-2017 ww.

Tbilisi, 2017, gv. 285.

mosaydred da gansvenebuli kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis damkrZalavi komisiis Tavmj-

domared daeniSnaT baTum-Semoqmedeli da

Wyondideli mitropoliti efremi. sinodis

sxdomaze mosaydre daviTma moixsna ufle-

bamosileba mitropolit efremis sasarge-

blod. mosaydred arCeuli mitropoli-

ti efremi X saeklesio krebam (1960 wlis

19-20 Tebervali) erTxmad airCia sruli-

ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad.

1972 wlis 17 marts kaTolikos-patriarqma

efrem II Seadgina werilobiTi gankargule-

ba: `Cemi gardacvalebis Semdeg Cems mosay-

dred datovebuli myavs 1 wlis vadiT ur-

bneli mitropoliti daviTi“19. 1972 wlis

7 aprils gardaicvala sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da

unetaresi efrem II. mitropoliti daviTi

Seudga mosaydris movaleobis Sesrulebas.

mosaydre mitropoliti daviTma 1972 wlis

10 aprils mitropolitoba miuboZa episko-

posebs zinobs da romanozs. 1972 wlis 1

ivniss XI saeklesio krebam sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad airCia mo-

saydre-mitropoliti daviTi, uwmidesi da

unetaresi daviT V-is saxelwodebiT. 1977

wlis 9 noembers gardaicvala uwmidesi da

unetaresi daviT V. imave dRes, 19 saaTze,

Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis wmida sinodi. gaxsnes gansven-

ebuli patriarqis seifi, magram mosaydris

vinaobis Sesaxeb werilobiTi gankargule-

ba ar aRmoCnda. marTva-gamgeobis moqmedi

debulebis Tanaxmad aucilebeli iyo mo-

saydris gamorCeva. wmida sinodis sxdomas

Tavmjdomareobda qirotoniiT uxucesi da

upiratesi mRvdelmTavari cxum-afxazeTis

mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili), mdivnad

airCies episkoposi ilarioni (samxaraZe).

sinodis sxdomaze cxum-afxazeTis mit-

ropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili) arCeul iqna


arqis mosaydred, magram es gadawyvetile-

19 sergo vardosaniZe. saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis aswlovani matiane 1917-2017 ww.

Tbilisi, 2017, gv. 347.

- 47 -


ba miuRebeli aRmoCnda mitropolit roma-

nozis (petriaSvili), mitropolit gaiozis

(keratiSvili) da episkopos ilarionisaTvis

(samxaraZe), romelTac gaaprotestes sino-

dis gadawyvetileba da werilobiT mimarTes

skkp centraluri komitetis generalur

mdivans leonid breJnevs: `Zvirfaso leo-

nid ilias Zev! saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarq daviT V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg


arqis mosaydred gamocxadda mitropoli-

ti ilia (SiolaSvili). igi jer kidev 1972

wlidan qarTveli disidentebis mxardam-

Weri da wamqezebelia. moviTxovT moixsnas

misi kandidatura“20. analogiuri Sinaarsis

depeSebi gaigzavna saqarTvelos komparti-

is centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis

e.SevardnaZis saxelzec. Semdeg maT moin-

domes alternatiuli sinodis Seqmna da

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred 91 wlis

mitropolit romanozis gamocxadeba. mo-

saydre-mitropoliti ilias oponentebma

1977 wlis 18 dekembers, 19 saaTze Seamt-

vries sapatriarqos Sesasvleli, SeiWrnen

kaTolikos-patriarqis samuSao oTaxSi,

daxies dokumenti, romliTac mosaydred

gamorCeuli iyo mitropoliti ilia, gaig-

zavna depeSebi rogorc saero xelisufle-

baSi, aseve adgilobriv marTlmadidebel

eklesiebSi, sadac ityobinebodnen, TiTqos

mitropoliti ilia gadayenebuli iyo mo-

saydris Tanamdebobidan...

es brZola gagrZelda 1977 wlis 23

dekembramde. am dros sionis sakaTedro

taZarSi gamarTulma XII saeklesio krebam


arqad airCia cxum-afxazeTis mitropoli-

ti, kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre ilia,

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is saxel-

wodebiT.

1995 wels saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli samociqulo eklesiis XIII ga-

farToebul krebaze damtkicebul mar-

Tva-gamgeobis debulebis IV Tavis IV-XIV

20 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, fondi

298, furceli 1.

paragrafebSi gansazRvrulia sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mo-

saydris ufleba-movaleobani. paragrafi 4:

`sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis gardacvalebis, gadadgomis an sxva

iseTi mizezis gamo, romelic SeuZlebels

xdis kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis Tavisi

movaleobebis Sesrulebas, kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis mier dadgenili sapatriarqo

taxtis mosaydre marTavs eklesias axali

kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevamde. im SemTx-

vevaSi, roca sapatriarqo taxtis mosay-

dre dadgenili ar aris, qirotoniiT upi-

ratesi mRvdelmTavari avtomaturad xdeba

mosaydre. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg

qirotoniiT upiratesi mRvdelmTavari wm.

sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis Tandaswre-

biT xsnis kaTolikos-patriarqis mier da-

tovebul anderZs da acxadebs sapatriarqo

taxtis mosaydris vinaobas. sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis anderZiT

dadgenili sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydri-

sadmi kanonikuri morCileba saqarTvelos

eklesiis yoveli wevris movaleobaa. sa-

patriarqo taxtis daqvrivebidan 40 dRis

Semdeg, magram ara ugvianes ori Tvisa, sa-

patriarqo taxtis mosaydre iwvevs saqarT-

velos eklesiis gafarToebul krebas, ro-

melzedac moxdeba sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeva. saqarTve-

los eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis win

mosaydre iwvevs wm. sinods, sapatriarqo

kandidatebis SesarCevad. wm. sinodi irCevs

gafarToebul krebaze warsadgen 3 kandi-

dats. wm. sinodis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba

warmoadginos erTi sapatriarqo kandida-

ti, maT Soris Tavisi Tavic. sami sapatri-

arqo kandidati, romlebic miiReben xmaTa

umravlesobas, kenWs iyrian gafarToebul

krebaze, rogorc patriarqobis kandidate-

bi. gafarToebuli krebis yvela monawiles

aqvs ufleba gamoTqvas azri kandidatTa

Sesaxeb. kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis

kenWisyraSi monawileobas iReben mxolod

mRvdelmTavrebi. sruliad saqarTvelos

- 48 -


kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeulad CaiTv-

leba is kandidati, romelic miiRebs kre-

bis monawile mRvdelmTavarTa xmebis nax-

evarze mets. Tu vercerTi kandidati ver

miiRebs xmaTa naxevarze mets, tardeba xe-

lmeore kenWisyra, roSelSic monawileobas

miiRebs is ori kandidati, romelic pirvel

kenWisyraSi miiRebs xmaTa umravlesobas“21.



aseTi didi gzaa gasavleli sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriaris taxtze

asasvlelad. vusurvoT mravalJamieri si-

cocxle Cven did patriarqs ilia II-s, xolo

wmida sinodis wevrebs sifrTxile da go-

niereba deda eklesiisa da qarTveli eris

eklesiuri da saxelmwifoebrivi interese-

bis dasacavad warmoebul brZolaSi.

Sergo Vardosanidze

The Ins tute of Co-regency in Georgian Orthodox Church

Resume

There is compara vely scanty informa on with regard to the status and rights of the co-regent of the Catholicos-Patriarch in the history of Georgian Apostolic Orthodox Church of medieval centuries. More clearly the rights of the co-regent are men oned in the ruling resolu ons of enlarged church mee ngs of Georgian Church of 1917, 1920, 1927, 1945 and 1995. According to the ruling of 1917, a co-regent was the Metropolitan of Tbilisi; in other cases, a co-regent was selected either by the ac ng Catholicos-Patriarch, or the Catholic Council or Catholic Syn-od. There were cases when a co-regent selected by the Patriarch was dismissed by Synod and a new one was elected. Co-regency does not automa cally mean becoming the future Patriarch but it may have certain privileges with respect to other candidates. According to the decree of 23rd of November, 2017, His Holiness and Bea tude Ilia II selected Shio (Mujiri), Metropolitan of Senaki and Chkhorotsku as his regent but no part of Patriarch’s power was delegated to him.

- 49 -

1917 wlis Teberval-martSi ruseTSi

revolucia moxda, monarqia daemxo. Seiqmna

xelsayreli pirobebi saqarTvelos saxelm-

wifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenisaT-

vis, magram am process seriozul winaaRm-

degobas uqmnida ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis

frontze ganlagebuli ruseTis armia, ro-

melic 1917 wlis ianvrisaTvis 200.000 ofi-

cersa da jariskacs iTvlida. Tavidanve

cxadi iyo, rom ruseTis armia saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdge-

nas ar dauSvebda da Tu es mainc moxdebo-

da, movlenaTa ganviTarebis mosalodneli

scenari aseTi iqneboda: 1. ruseTis armia,

petrogradidan miRebuli miTiTebis Tanax-

mad, saqarTvelos okupacias moaxdenda da

CanasaxSive Caklavda erovnuli moZraobis

did monapovars; 2. ruseTis armia fron-

tidan moixsneboda da samxreT kavkasiis

teritorias datovebda, rac xel-fexs gaux-

snida osmaleTis armias da saqarTvelos ok-

upaciis realur safrTxes Seqmnida. ase, rom

Tu saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aR-

dgenis sakiTxi realurad dadgeboda, sur-

daT Tu ar surdaT, qarTvel politikosebs

angariSi unda gaewiaT ruseTis armiisaTvis.

kavkasiis frontze ganlagebulma ruseTis

armiam garkveulwilad ganapiroba qarTuli

politikuri elistis strategia da taqtika

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRd-

genisaTvis brZolaSi.

1. viTareba kavkasiis frontze 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis mimdinareobis dros

ruseTis imperiis umaRlesi mTavar-

sardlis (imperator nikolai II-is) Stabi,

Stabis ufros infanteriis general, gener-


profesori

samxedro-politikuri viTareba kavkasiis frontze 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis Semdeg (1917 marti-1918 wlis ianvari)

1914 wlis zafxulidan 1916 wlis bolomde kavkasiis frontze ruseTisa da osmaleTis

armiebs Soris aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebi mimdinareobda. ruseTis armiam aramarto

osmaleTis armiis Setevis mogerieba scada, aramed SeteviTi brZolebi ganaxorciela da

osmaleTis sazRvrebSi SeiWra.

- 50 -

vaxtang guruli vaxtang guruli

al-adiutant mixail aleqseevTan (1857-1918)

da generalTa jgufTan erTad 1917 wlis

gazafxul-zafxulis sabrZolo moqmede-

bebis gegmaze muSaobda. Stabis muSaobaSi aq-

tiurad monawilebda imperatori nikolai II.

kavkasiis frontze momavali sabrZolo mo-

qmedebebis gegmis SedgeniT iyo dakavebuli

kavkasiis mefisnacvali da kavkasiis armiis

mTavarsardali, imperatoris biZa, nikolai

I-is SviliSvili, didi mTavari, kavaleriis

generali, general-adiutanti nikolai ni-

kolais Ze romanovi (1856-1929). imperatori

nikolai II da mTeli samxedro-politikuri

elita fiqrobdnen, rom imperiis beds ger-

maniisa da avstria-ungreTis winaaRmdeg

dagegmili sabrZolo moqmedebebis warmate-

ba gadawyvetda, anu ruseTis bedi pirveli

msoflio omis frontebze wydeboda. sinamd-

vileSi ki ruseTis bedi Turme ara frontze,

aramed petrogradSi wydeboda. kavkasiis

mefisnacvali da kavkasiis armiis mTavar-

sardali nikolai romanovi petrogradidan

dRe-dReze eloda miTiTebebs 1917 wlis

gazafxulze osmaleTis armiis winaaRmdeg

gamiznuli sabrZolo moqmedebebis gegmis

damuSavebasTan dakavSirebiT, nacvlad amisa

1917 wlis 28 Tebervals man umaRlesi mTa-

varsardlis Stabis ufros general mixail

aleqseevisagan ukiduresad SemaSfoTebeli

depeSa miiRo. depeSa TbilisSi 28 Teber-

vals 19 saaTsa da 15 wuTze iyo gamogzavni-

li. umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis ufro-

si kavkasiis armiis mTavarsardals ruseTis

imperiisaTvis uaRresad saSiSi movlenebis

Sesaxeb atyobinebda:

1. 1917 wlis 26 Tebervals 13 saaTsa

da 40 wuTze petrogradis samxedro olq-

is jarebis sardalma general-leitenantma

sergei xabalovma (1858-1924) mixail ale-

qseevs acnoba, rom 25 Tebervals armiam

da policiam ramdenjerme daSala muSaTa

demonstraciebi, Tumca 17 saaTze revolu-

ciuri simRerebiTa da wiTeli droSebiT

muSebi kvlav Seikribnen `sastumro ezos-

Tan~ (Гостинный двор). armiisa da policiis

mxridan gafrTxilebas muSebma imiT upasux-

es, rom revolverebidan gasroliT erTi

jariskaci daWres. amis Semdeg dragunTa

oceuli muSebs miuaxlovda da cecxli gax-

sna, ris Sedegadac 3 muSa mokles, 10 daW-

res. Sekrebili muSebi maSinve daiSalnen. 18

saaTze cxenosani Jandarmeriis razms muSeb-

ma xelyumbara esroles, daiWra 1 Jandarmi.

26 Tebervlis saRamom SedarebiT mSvidad

Caiara, am dRes petrogradSi 240.000 muSa

iyo gaficuli. 25 Tebervals sergei xaba-

lovma petrogradSi Sekrebebi, mitingebi

da demonstraciebi akrZala. 26 Tebervals

diliT dedaqalaqSi siwynare iyo. Semdeg vi-

Tareba kvlav daiZaba. 26 Tebervals 22 saa-

Tze ruseTis imperiis meoTxe saxelmwifo

saTaTbiros Tavmjdomarem, mixail rodi-

ankom (1859-1924) umaRlesi mTavarsardlis

Stabis ufross mixail aleqseevs acnoba,

rom petrogradSi movlenebi stiqiuri da

umarTavi gaxda, rac duqnebSi puris nakle-

bobam gamoiwvia, xolo puris arasakmarisi

raodenobiT gamocxoba xorblis fqvilis

SeferxebiT miwodebam ganapiroba.

2. 1917 wlis 27 Tebervals ruseTis im-

periis samxedro ministrma, infanteriis gen-

eralma mixail beliaevma (1864-1918) mixail

aleqseevs acnoba, rom dilidan zogierT

samxedro nawilSi mRelvareba daiwyo, rac

maleve iqna CaxSobili xelisuflebis erTgu-

li oficrebisa da jariskacebis mier. mar-

Talia, mRelvareba sabolood likvidire-

buli ar yofila, magram samxedro ministri

varaudobda, rom igi male dasruldeboda.

samxedro ministris optimizmi usafuZvlo

gamodga. petrogradis samxedro olqis jar-

ebis sardlma, generalma sergei xabalov-

ma meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros Tavmj-

domares, mixail roZiankos acnoba, rom 27

Tebervals SuadRisas samxedro olqis jar-

ebSi mRelvareba daiwyo, jariskacebma ofi-

crebs scemes da gaficul muSebs miemxrnen.

sergei xabalovi Tavis moxsenebaSi aRniSnav-

da, rom jer kidev 26 Tebervals pavlovskis

polkis saTadarigo batalionis erT-erTi

aseulis jariskacebma ganacxades, rom xalxs

ar esrodnen. winaaRmdegobis gawevis mcde-

- 51 -


lobisas jariskacebma batalionis meTauri

daWres. 27 Tebervals volinis polkis sas-

wavlo aseulma uari ganacxada demonstran-

tebis dasarbevad qalaqSi gasvlaze, ris Sem-

degac aseulis meTaurma Tavi moikla. amis

Semdeg aRniSnuli aseuli sxva saTadarigo

batalionebis kazarmebisaken gaemarTa da

ramdenime aseulis mimxroba moaxerxa. ser-

gei xabalovi petrogradis samxedro olqis

jarebiT muSebis winaaRmdeg brZolas Seu-

Zleblad miiCnevda da frontidan saimedo

jarebis petrogradSi gagzavnas iTxovda. 27

Tebervlis saRamos samxedro ministri mix-

ail beliaevi ityobineboda, rom erT-erTi

saartilerio batareis jariskacebma eSelon-

Si Casxdomasa da petrogradSi gamgzavrebaze

uari ganacxades. 27 Tebervals 21 saaTidan

22 saaTamde CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis

frontebis sardlebs petrogradSi saimedo

samxedro nawilebis gagzavna ubrZanes. Ti-

Toeul fronts dedaqalaqSi gamocdili da

energiuli generlebis sardlobiT 2 saka-

valerio polki, 2 qveiTi polki da metyviam-

frqveveTa 1 razmi unda gaezavnaT. nikolai

II-is brZanebiT 27 Tebervals petrogradis

samxedro olqis jarebis sardlad gener-

al-leitenant sergei xabalovis nacvlad

artileriis generali, general-adiutanti

nikolai ivanovi (1851-1919) dainiSna, rome-

lic CrdiloeTis frontis jarebiT petro-

gradze unda daZruliyo. 27 Tebervals 24

saaTze mixail aleqseevma CrdiloeTisa da

dasavleTis frontis sardlebs infante-

riis generals, general-adiutant nikolai

ruzskis (1854-1918) da infanteriis general,

general-adiutant aleqsei everts (1857-1918)

acnoba, rom jarebi petrogradze salaSqrod

gaemzadebinaT, amasTan erTad uzrunve-

leyoT rkinigziT jarebis gadaadgileba. 27

Tebervals 24 saaTze samxedro ministrma

mixail beliaevma umaRlesi mTavarsardlis

Stabs acnoba, rom petrogradSi mdgomareo-

ba uaRresad kritikuli iyo _ policia da

jari qalaqs veRar akontrolebda. ministri

aRniSnavda, rom jariskacebi masiurad gada-

diodnen muSebis mxareze.

3. 1917 wlis 28 Tebervals Ramis 2 saa-

Tze umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabidan

dasavleTisa da CrdiloeTis frontebis sar-

dlebs ubrZanes: petrogradze salaSqrod

adre gamiznuli jarebis garda TiToeuli

frontidan damatebiT unda gamoeyoT qveiT-

Ta 1 da cxenosanTa 1 batarea. 28 Tebervals

Ramis 3 saaTze umaRlesi mTavarsardlis

Stabis ufrosma mixail aleqseevma moskovis

samxedro olqis sardals depeSiT acnoba,

rom qalaqSi mosalodneli areulobis Ta-

vidan asacileblad winaswar mieRo zomebi

da amasTan erTad uzrunveleyo rkinigzis

Seuferxebeli muSaoba. 28 Tebervals 13 saa-

Tze generalma sergei xabalovma nikolai II-s

acnoba, rom man petrogradSi wesrigis aR-

dgena ver SesZlo: petrogradis samxedro

olqis jarebis didi nawili ajanyebulTa mx-

areze gadavida, xolo im samxedro nawilebs,

romlebic xelisuflebis erTgulni darC-

nen, didi danakargi hqondaT. 28 Tebervals

saRamos ajanyebulma muSebma da maT mxareze

gadasulma jariskacebma petrogradis didi

nawili daikaves, xelisuflebis erTgulma

nawilebma zamTris sasaxlisaken daixies. 28

Tebervals 14 saaTze ajanyebulebma marias

sasaxle daikaves, sadac revoluciuri xeli-

suflebis Stabi moTavsda. 28 Tebervals 20

saaTsa da 25 wuTze sergei xabalovma mixail

aleqseevs acnoba, rom petrogradis samxe-

dro olqis jarebidan xelisuflebis erT-

guli darCa daaxloebiT 600 qveiTi da 500

cxenosani, romelTac 15 tyviamfrqvevi da

12 qvemexi gaaCndaT, TiTqmis amowuruli iyo

sabrZolo vaznebis maragi (sul darCenili

iyo 80 vazna). nikolai ivanovis sardlobiT

CrdiloeT frontidan peterburgisaken daZ-

ruli jarebi qalaqSi 1 marts, diliT unda

Semosuliyvnen. nikolai II 27-28 Tebervals

RamiT qalaq fskovidan, sadac imJamad uma-

Rlesi mTavarsardlis Stabi imyofeboda,

specialuri matarebliT carskoe selosaken

gaemarTa. umaRlesi mTavarsardlis StabSi

misuli cnobebis mixedviT, gvardiis 3 saTa-

darigo polki ajanybulTa mxareze gadavida

da ajanyebulebTan erTad daikava petre-pav-

- 52 -


les cixesimagris arsenali da samxedro

saministros saartilerio sammarTvelos Se-

noba. cota mogvianebiT samxedro ministrma

mixail beliaevma umaRlesi mTavarsardlis

Stabs acnoba: ajanyebulebma petrogradSi

TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani dawesebule-

ba daikaves; jariskacebi masiurad hyridnen

iaraRs da ajanyebulTa mxareze gadadiod-

nen; samxedro nawilebma, romelTac iaraRi

ar dahyares, neitraliteti gamoacxades;

qalaqis quCebSi stiqiuri Sejaxebebi mim-

dinareobda, ismoda uwesrigo srola, xolo

transporti ar muSaobda. samxedro ministri

ityobineboda, rom yvela ministri cocxali

iyo, Tumca saministroebi ar muSaobda. mix-

ail beliaevi aseve ityobineboda, rom gadau-

mowmebeli cnobiT, ruseTis imperiis saxelm-

wifo sabWos Tavmjdomare ivan SCeglovitovi

(1861-1918) daapatimres. meoTxe saxelmwifo

saTaTbiroSi politikuri partiis lidereb-

ma revolucionerebTan urTierTobis dam-

yarebis mizniT sabWo Seqmnes; gamocxadda,

rom daniSnuli iyo saxelmwifo saTaTbiros

damatebiTi arCevnebi muSebisa jariskacebis

kvotiT. samxedro ministrisagan miRebuli

cnobebis Semdeg male mixail aleqseevma ser-

gei xabalovisagan miiRo depeSa. generali

ityobineboda, rom igi movlenaTa ganviTare-

baze veraviTar gavlenas veRar axdenda.

petrogradSi ganviTarebuli movlen-

ebis aRweris Semdeg umaRlesi mTavarsard-

lis Stabis ufrosi generali mixail ale-

qseevi kavkasiis mefisnacvals da kavkasiis

armiis mTavarsardals nikolai romanovs

Seaxsenebda imperatorisa da samSolbos

mimarT wmindaTawminda valis Sesaxeb da

mouwodebda yvela Rone exmara, raTa kavka-

siis armiis jarebi xelmwifisadmi micemu-

li ficis erTgulni darCeniliyvnen.

cxadia, samefo ojaxis wevri, didi

mTavari nikolai romanovi mixail aleq-

seevis depeSis Semdeg mSvidad veRar iqne-

boda. igi kargad grZnobda, rom kavkasiis

armiaSi simSvidis didxans SenarCuneba ver

moxerxdeboda. yvelaferi damokidebuli

iyo sakuTriv ruseTSi da kerZod petro-

gradSi ganviTarebul movlenebze. 1917

wlis 1 marts nikolai romanovma umaRlesi

mTavarsardlis Stabis ufrosis moadgile

infanteriis generlis vladislav klem-

bovskis (1860-1921) depeSa miiRo. depeSa 1

marts 21 saaTsa da 15 wuTze iyo gamog-

zavnili. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma depeSi-

dan Seityo, rom moskovSi ajanyeba mimdin-

areobda, xolo moskovis samxedro olqis

jarebi meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros

Tavmjdomare mixail roZiankos xelmZRvan-

elobiT Seqmnili saxelmwifo saTaTbiros

droebiTi komitetis daqvemdebarebaSi

gadadiodnen. depeSaSi isic iyo aRniSnu-

li, rom meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros

droebiTi komitetis daniSnulebas Zveli

xelisuflebis Canacvleba warmoadgenda.

vladislav klembovskis depeSidan niko-

lai romanovma Seityo, rom kronStadtSi

dawyebuli ajanyebis Semdeg batliis samx-

edro-sazRvao floti, flotis sardlis

vice-admiral adrian nepeninis (1871-1917)

TanxmobiT, meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbi-

ros droebiTi komitetis daqvemdebare-

baSi gadasula. umaRlesi mTavarsardlis

StabSi miiCnevdnen, rom adrian nepenin-

is gadawyvetileba flotis gadarCenis

surviliT iyo gapirobebuli. Seqmnil

viTarebaSi mixail aleqseevs nikolai II-

Tvis depeSa gaugzavnia da rCeva miucia,

mTavrobis saTaveSi xalxis ndobiT aR-

Wurvili pirovneba Caeyenebina. fskovidan,

umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabidan, vla-

dislav klembovskis mier TbilisSi depe-

Sis gamogzavnis droisaTvis (1 marti, 21

saaTi da 15 wuTi) matarebeli, romliTac

imperatori carskoe seloSi gaemgzavra,

daniSnulebis adgilamde jer kidev ar iyo

misuli da sadgur dnosTan idga. matareb-

lis gatarebas win jariskacebi aRudgnen.

nikolai II iZulebuli gaxda, fskovSi dab-

runebuliyo. imperatoris fskovidan car-

skoe seloSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg mixail

aleqseevi qalaq mogilevSi Cavida, sadac

imJamad umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis banaki

imyofeboda.

- 53 -


1817 wlis 1 marts meoTxe saTaTbiros

Tavmjdomarem, mixail roZiankom kavkasiis

mefisnacvalsa da kavkasiis armiis mTavar-

sardals nikolai romanovs depeSa gaugzav-

na, romlis Sinaarsi aseTi iyo:

1. meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros

dro ebiTma komitetma Zalaufleba

Ta vis xelSi im mizniT aiRo, raTa

wesrigi daemyarebina qveyanaSi da

gansakuTrebiT petrogradSi;

2. saxelmwifo saTaTbiros droebiTi

komiteti armiasa da samxedro-sazR-

vao flots mouwodebda, daecva simS-

vide;


komiteti darwmunebuli iyo, rom

armia da samxedro-sazRvao flo-

ti erTi wuTiTac ar Seasustebda

brZolas gareSe mtris winaaRmdeg

da Zveleburi TavgamodebiT gaagr-

Zelebda samSoblos dacvisaTvis

brZolas;


komiteti petrogradSi ganlage-

buli jarebisa da misdami Tana-

grZnobiT ganwyobili mosaxleobis

mxardaWeriT, umokles droSi Se-

Zlebda zurgSi wesrigisa da saxel-

mwifo dawesebulebebis normaluri

funqcionirebis aRdgenas.

zemoTxsenebuli depeSis miRebidan ram-

denime saaTis Semdeg, 1917 wlis 1 martsve

nikolai romanovma mixail roZiankosagan

meore depeSa miiRo. meoTxe saxelmwifo

saTaTbiros Tavmjdomarem kavkasiis me-

fisnacvals acnoba, rom ruseTis imperiis

mTavroba _ ministrTa sabWo gauqmda da

mTeli aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba meoTxe

saxelmwifo saTaTbiros droebiTi komite-

tis xelSi gadavida.

umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis ufro-

si mixail aleqseevi miuReblad miiCnevda

ruseTis imperiis mTavrobis _ ministrTa

sabWos gauqmebasa da aRmasrulebeli xeli-

suflebis meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros

droebiTi komitetis xelSi gadasvlas. amis

Taobaze aleqseevma 1917 wlis 1 marts qa-

laq mogilevidan sagangebo depeSiT mimar-

Ta meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros Tavmj-

domares mixail roZiankos, xolo depeSis

asli imave dRes TbilisSi nikolai roma-

novs gaugzavna. TbilisSi depeSa 2 marts

miiRes. depeSa Semdegi Sinaarsisa iyo:

1. ruseTis generaliteti da armia

erTguli iyo imperatorisa da sam-

Soblosi da pirnaTlad asrulebda

xelmwifisaTvis micemul fics, bo-

lomde ibrZoleblda mterze gamar-

jvebisaTvis;

2. generalitetisa da armiis mier mov-

aleobis Sesruleba aucileblad

iTxovda armiis marTva-gamgeobaSi

politikur ZalTa Caurevlobas;

3. meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros Tav-

mjdomarisa da saTaTbiros droebiTi

komitetis depeSebi umaRlesi mTa-

varsardlisa da umaRlesi mTavar-

sardlis Stabis ufrosisadmi, aseve

frontispira rkinigzebis sammarT-

veloebisadmi micemuli gankargule-

bani adastureben, rom meoTxe saxelm-

wifo saTaTbiros droebiT komitets

ar esmoda armiis marTva-gamgeobis

ZiriTadi principebi, ris gamoc Tav-

isi gankargulebebiT armiaSi simSvid-

is SenarCunebas ki ar uwyobda xels,

aramed hqmnida disciplinis darRve-

visa da areulobis gaZlierebis wina-

pirobebs, rac SeuZlebels gaxdida

omSi gamarjvebas;

4. umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabsa da

carskoe selos Soris, aseve samxe-

dro mmarTvelobis centralur or-

ganoebTan kavSiris Seferxebas samx-

edro mmarTvelobis sruli moSla

mohyveboda, rac umZimes mdgomareo-

baSi Caagdebda armias;

5. umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis StabSi

miRebuli cnobebis mixedviT, liter-

iT moZrav matareblebs sadgur

dnodan peterburgis mimarTulebiT

ar atarebdnen, rac warmoudgenlad

- 54 -


aZnelebda mterTan brZolas da qvey-

anaSi simSvidis damyarebas. aucile-

beli iyo sadgur dnodan Seuferxeb-

lad gaetarebinaT literiT moZravi

matareblebi, aRmdgariyo kavSiri

umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis Stabsa

da samxedro saministros central-

ur mmarTvelobas Soris;

6. umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis gar-

da aravis ar unda gaeca gankargule-

bebi moqmedi armiisadmi, Semwydariyo

saxelmwifo saTaTbiros droebiTi

komitetis mier daniSnuli samxedro

saqmis armcodne agentebis mier uma-

Rlesi mTavarsardlis Stabisa da

samxedro saministros centraluri

mmarTvelobis mimowerisa da saubre-

bis kontroli, winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-

Si umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis Stabi

iZulebuli iqneboda urTierToba

Seewyvita xelisuflebis centralur

organoebTan.

mixail aleqseevis depeSidan aSkara

xdeba, rom umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis

ufrosi ukve Riad upirispirdeboda aram-

arto meoTxe samexlmwifo saTaTbiros Tav-

mjdomares mixail roZinkos, aramed mTel

sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas, ufro metic,

saxelmwifo saTaTbiros antisaxelmwifoe-

briv saqmianobaSi (armiis moqmedebis xelis

SeSlaSi) sdebda brals. ratom ayenebda ase

dawvrilebiT saqmis kursSi mixail aleqseevi

kavkasiis mefisnacvlas da kavkasiis armiis

mTavarsardals nikolai romanovs? niko-

lai romenovi imperatoris biZa da samefo

ojaxis erT-erTi gavleniani wevri iyo da

cxadia, igi yvelafers iRonebda romanovTa

dinastiis gadasarCenad.

1917 wlis 2 marts CrdiloeTis fron-

tis sardalma, infanteriis generalma, gen-

eral adiutantma nikolai ruzskim kavkasiis

armiis Stabis ufros, infanteriis generals

nikolai iudeniCs (1862-1933) sagangebo de-

peSiT acnoba ruseTSi axali xelisuflebis

daarsebis Sesaxeb. depeSa Semdegi Sinaarsi-

saa:

1. ruseTis imperator nikolai II-is

mier fskovSi 1917 wlis 2 marts 14

saaTze xelmowerili brZanebiT, ka-

vkasiis mefisnacvali da kavkasiis

armiis mTavarsardali, didi mTavari

nikolai nikolais Ze romanovi ruse-

Tis armiis umaRles mTavarsardlad

dainiSna;

2. ruseTis imperator nikolai II-is

mier fskovSi 1917 wlis 2 marts 14

saaTze xelmowerili brZanebiT Ta-

vadi giorgi evgenis Ze lvovi (1861-

1925) ruseTis ministrTa sabWos

Tavmjdomared dainiSna.

imperatoris orive brZaneba daegza-

vnaT: frontis sardlebs, baltiisa da Savi

zRvis samxedro-sazRvao flotis sard-

lebs, I, V da XII armiis sardlebs, XXXXII

saarmio korpusis meTaurs, moskovis samx-

edro olqis sardals da kavkasiis armiis

Stabis ufross. rodis miiRes TbilisSi

fskovidan 2 marts gamogzavnili tele-

grama, ucnobia.

1917 wlis 2 martsve fskovidan uma-

Rlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis kvartermais-

terma, general-leitenantma aleqsandr

lu komskim (1868-1939) samxedro nawil-

Si kavka siis mefisnacvlis TanaSemwes in-

fanteriis general nikolai ianuSkeviCs

(1868-1918) depeSiT acnoba, rom nikolai

II-is taxtidan gadadgoma gardauvali iyo.

ufro konkretulad depeSa Semdegi Sinaar-

sisa iyo:

1. 1917 wlis 2 marts 14 saaTsa da 30

wuTze mogilevidan umaRlesi mTavarsard-

lis Stabis ufrosma mixail aleqseevma

fskovSi ruseTis imperator nikolai II-s

gaugzavna didi mTavris nikolai romano-

vis depeSis teqsti, romelSic aRniSnuli

iyo: `general-adiutantma aleqseevma mTx-

ova, rom Seqmnil sabediswero viTarebaSi

mxari davuWiro mis mosazrebas: omis gamar-

jvebiT dasrulebisaTvis, rac ase aucile-

belia ruseTis keTildReobis, momavlisa

da dinastiis gadarCenisaTvis aucilebels

xdis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebis ga-

- 55 -


tarebas. me rogorc erTguli qveSevrdomi,

dadebuli ficis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare,

Tqvens imperatorobiT udidebulesobas

muxlmoyrili vTxov, gadaarCinoT ruseTi

da Tqveni memkvidre, radganc mwams ruse-

Tisa da memkvidrisadmi Tqveni wmidaTaw-

mida siyvarulisa. gadaeciT memkvidres

taxti. sxva gamosavali ar aris. rogorc

arasdros vloculob da RmerTs vevedre-

bi gagaZlieroT da Zala mogceT. gener-

al-adiutanti nikolai~. mixail aleqseev-

ma imperators aseve gaugzavna kavaleriis

general, general-adiutant aleqsei brusi-

lovisagan (1853-1926) miRebuli depeSis

teqsti. generali imperators udastureb-

da taxtisa da samSoblosadmi erTgulebas,

magram Seqmnil viTarebaSi mtris winaaRm-

deg brZolis gagrZelebisa da ruseTis

gadarCenisaTvis aucileblad miiCnevda

imperatoris gadagomas taxtis memkvidris

sasargeblod da radgan taxtis memkvidre

mcirewlovani iyo, regentad imperatoris

Zmis, mixail romanovis (1878-1918) daniS-

vnas. aleqsei brusilovi daaskvnida: `sxva

gamosavali ar aris. aucileblad unda iC-

qaroT, radgan saxalxo bunti sul ufro

Zlierdeba da did masStabebs iZens, bun-

ti saswrafod unda iqnas CaxSobili, wi-

naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi bunts warmoud-

geneli katastrofuli Sedegebi mohyveba.

Tqveni gadadgomiT kanonieri memkvidris

saxiT gadarCeba dinastia~. daaxloebiT

imave Sinaarsis depeSebi iyo gamogzavni-

li dasavleTis frontis sardal aleqsei

evertisagan. rogorc mixail aleqseevi

imperators atyobinebda, nikoloz II-is

memkvidris sasargeblod taxtidan gadad-

gomas mxars uWerda CrdiloeTis fron-

tis sardali nikolai ruzski da meoTxe

saxelmwifo saTaTbiros Tavmjdomare mix-

ail roZianko. mixail aleqseevis mier ni-

kolai II-dmi gagzavnili depeSa, romelic

didi mTavris nikolai romanovis, aleq-

si brusilovis, aleqsei evertis, nikolai

ruzskis da mixail roZiankos mosazrebasac

Seicavda, ase mTavrdeboda: `Tqveno imper-

atorobiT udidebulesobav, Tqven Zalian

giyvarT samSoblo, romlis mTlianobisa

da damoukideblobis SenarCunebisaTvis

mterze gamarjvebis mopovebisaTvis miiReT

gadawyvetileba, romelic uzrunvelhyofs

ukiduresad mZime viTarebidan mSvidobianad

da keTilad gamosvlas. velodebi brZane-

bas. 2 marti, 1917 weli. general-adiutanti

aleqseevi, general-leitenanti lukomski~.

es depeSa fskovSi nikolai II-s 1917 wlis

2 marts 14 saaTsa da 30 wuTze gaugzavnes.

1917 wlis 2 marts, daaxloebiT 19 saa-

Tze nikolai II-m peterburgidan fskovSi

sagangebo misiiT Casuli ruseTis imperiis

saxelmwifo sabWos wevri aleqsei guCkovi

(1862-1936) da meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbi-

ros wevri vasili Sulgini (1878-1976) miiRo.

saubars eswrebodnen umaRlesi mTavarsard-

lis Stabis ufrosi, general-adiutanti mix-

ail aleqseevi, CrdiloeTis frontis sar-

dali, general-adiutanti nikolai ruzski

da CrdiloeTis frontis zurgis ufrosi,

infanteriis generali sergei savviCi (1863-

1939). saubrisas imperatorma aRniSna, rom

ar arsebobs msxverpli, romelic man samS-

oblos sakeTildReod ar gaiRos.

1917 wlis 3 marts TbilisSi mogile-

vidan umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis

ufrosis mixail aleqseevis mier ruseTis

umaRlesi mTavarsardlis nikolai romano-

visadmi gamogzavnili depeSa miiRes, rome-

lic imperator nikolai II-is taxtidan ga-

dadgomas iuwyeboda. depeSa 14 saaTsa da 57

wuTze iyo gamogzavnili. mixail aleqseevi

werda: ̀ Tqveno imperatorobiT udidebule-

sobav, uqveSevrdomilesad mogaxsenebT,

rom 3 marts 12 saaTsa da 25 wuTze Crdi-

loeTis frontis Stabis ufrosisagan Sem-

degi Sinaarsis depeSa miviRe: `misma imper-

atorobiT udidebulesobam xeli moawera

brZanebulebebs mmarTveli senatisadmi min-

istrTa sabWos Tavmjdomared Tavad giorgi

evgenis Ze lvovisa da umaRles mTavarsard-

lad misi imperatorobiT udidebulesobis,

didi mTavris nikolai nikolais Zis daniS-

vnis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg imperatorma ineba

- 56 -


da xeli moawera aqts taxtidan gadadgo-

misa da taxtis didi mTavris mixail ale-

qsandres ZisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb. misi

imperatorobiTi udidebulesoba dRes,

daaxloebiT 14 saaTze ramdenime dRiT,

dvinskis gavliT, umaRlesi mTavarsard-

lobis banakSi miemgzavreba. manifesti da

brZanebulebebi damatebiT gamoigzavneba

telegrafiT. 1917 wlis 3 marti, 13 saa-

Ti~. mixail aleqseevi nikolai romanovs

sTxovda, ecnobebina, Tu rodis SesZlebda

Tbilisidan gamgzavrebas da moqmed armi-

aSi Casvlas. generali nikolai romanovs

aseve sTxovda, ecnobebina, ra gankargule-

bebi unda gaecaT kavkasiis samefisnacvlos

da kavkasiis armiis marTvasTan dakavSire-

biT. mixail aleqseevis azriT, SeiZleboda

kavkasiis armiis mTavarsardlad kavkasiis

armiis Stabis ufrosi, infanteriis genera-

li nikolai iudeniCi daeniSnaT da misTvis

gadaecaT mTeli Zalaufleba.

1917 wlis 3 marts 12 saaTsa da 18

wuTze TbilisSi kavkasiis armiis StabSi

petrogradidan ruseTis ministrTa sabWos

Tavmjdomaris giorgi lvovis mier gamog-

zavnili depeSa miiRes. ruseTis umaRles

mTavarsardlad axlad daniSnuli nikolai

romanovi jer kidev TbilisSi imyofebo-

da. depeSa swored mis saxelze iyo gamog-

zavnili. depeSaSi vkiTxulobT: “umaRles

mTavarsardals. ama wlis (1917 wlis _ v. g.)

2 marts xelmwife imperatori mixail ale-

qsandres Zis sasargeblod Tavisi da tax-

ris memkvidris saxeliT gadadga. 3 marts

mixail aleqsandres Zem uari Tqva umaRles

xelisuflebaze, sanam ruseTis damfuZnebe-

li kreba saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis formas

ar gansazRvravda da mosaxleobas droebi-

Ti mTavrobisadmi morCilebisaken mouwo-

da, romelic saxelmwifo saTaTbiros mier

damfuZnebeli krebis mowvevamde mTeli

xelisufleba hqonda gadacemuli. dam-

fuZnebel krebas xalxis nebis safuZvelze

unda gadaewyvita saxelmwifo mmarTvelo-

bis forma. ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare

Tavadi lvovi~.

2. viTareba saqarTveloSi 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis Semdeg

1917 wlis 3 marts ruseTis umaRlesma

mTavarsardalma nikolai romanovma kavkasi-

is armiis mTavarsardlad nikolai iudeniCi

daniSna, romelic manmade kavkasiis armiis

Stabis ufrosi iyo.

imperatoris taxtidan gadadgoma da

axali xelisuflebis organizebis proce-

si bevr sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

amas daerTo kavkasiis armiis axali mTa-

varsardlis daniSvna. gamoricxuli ar iyo

movlenaTa stiqiuri ganviTareba, uwesri-

gobis dawyeba armiasa da samoqalaqo mo-

saxleobaSi. 1917 wlis 3 marts samoqalaqo

saqmeebSi kavkasiis mefisnacvlis TanaSemwem

general-leitenantma vladimir orlovma

(1868-1927) depeSa gaugzavna Tbilisis gu-

bernators polkovnik aleqsandr mandrikas

(1876-1928), romelSic Camoyalibebuli iyo

Seqmnil viTarebaSi wesrigis dacvis mizniT

gasatarebeli moRinsZiebebi. depeSa aseTi

Sinaarsisa iyo:

1. petrogradSi Seiqmna droebiTi mTav-

roba, romlis patriotul-saxelm-

wifoebriv daniSnulebas Seadgens

revoluciuri moZraobis CaxSoba da

romlis xelSi iqneba mTeli Zalau-

fleba, sanam kanonieri mTavroba ar

aRdgeba;

2. Seqmnil viTarebaSi yvela Tanamde-

bobis piri da dawesebuleba val-

debulia adgilebze yovelmxriv

dauWiros mxari droebiT mTavrobas,

raTa simSvide da wesrigi aRsdg-

es, saxelmwifoebrivi cxovreba ka-

lapotSi Cadges;

3. simSvidisa da wesrigis damyareba

gansakuTrebiT aucilebelia kavka-

siaSi, sadac mimdinareobs sabrZolo

moqmedebebi da sadac ruseTis armi-

am brwyinvale gamarjvebebi moipova;

4. uavgustesi mefisnacvali (didi

mTavari nikolai romanovi _ v. g.)

aucileblad miiCnevs, rom Tqven

- 57 -


gamonaxoT yovelgvari saSuale-

ba, raTa adgilebze SenarCunebuli

iqnas wesrigi da simSvide. am mizniT

Tqven unda miiwvioT Tbilisis qa-

laqis Tavi, qalaqis mamasaxlisi,

sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis gav-

leniani warmoamdgenlebi, sxvadasxva

erebis warmomadgenlebi, didi fab-

rikebisa da qarxnebis muSaTa warmo-

madgenlebi da misi imperatorobiTi

udidebulesobis kavkasiis mefis-

nacvlis saxeliT TxovoT saTana-

do yuradRebis moekidon simSvidis

dacvas da daarwmunoT isini, rom

ruseTs ukeTesi momavali eqneba. am

mizniT aucilebelia maTi Tanadgo-

ma eqscesebisa da demonstraciebis

Tavidan asacileblad. wesrigisa da

simSvidis SenarCuneba aucilebelia

ruseTis armiis mier omis warmatebiT

damTavrebisaTvis;

5. 1917 wlis 3 marts kavkasiis mefis-

nacvalma TbilisSi miiRo marTlma-

didebeli da sxva eklesiebis samR-

vdeloeba, romelTac mefisnacvals

simSvidisa da wesrigis dacvaSi sru-

li Tanadgoma aRuTqves;

6. qalaq Tbilisis saTaTbiroSi gaimar-

Teba sagangebo sxdoma, sxdomis

monawileebs qalaqis Tavi gaacnobs

kavkasiis mefisnacvlis Txovnas simS-

vidisa da wesrigis dacvaSi saTaTbi-

ros Tanadgomis Sesaxeb. Tbilisis

saTaTbiros sxdomis gadawyvetileba

kavkasiis yvela qalaqis saTaTbiros

ecnobeba, raTa am gziT moxdes er-

Tiani gegmis SemuSaveba;

7. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma simSvidi-

sa da wesrigis dacvaSi Tanadgomis

mizniT TavisTan miiwvia yvela poli-

tikuri mimarTulebis presis war-

moamdgenlebi;

8. TbilisSi simSvidisa da wesrigis

SenarCunebaze pasuxismgebloba ek-

isreboda Tbilisis gubernators

aleqsandr mandrikas. konkretulad

Tbilisis gubernators Semdego mi-

TiTebebi mieca:

a) im demonstraciebisa da manifesta-

ciebisaTvis, romlebic safrTxes ar

uqmnidnen simSvidesa da wesrigs, xe-

lisuflebas winaaRmdegoba ar unda

gaewia da mxolod demonstraciebi-

sa da manifestaciebis mSvidobianad

dasrulebisaTvis ezruna;

b) im demonstrantebisa da manifes-

tantebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic

aSkarad simSvidisa da wesrigis dar-

Rvevas isaxavdnen miznad, Zala, gan-

sakuTrebiT ki SeiaraRebuli poli-

cia da jari, mxolod ukisdures

SenTxvevaSi unda gamoeyenebinaT.

ukidures SemTxvevad miCneuli iyo

iseTi viTareba, roca demonstran-

tebi da manifestantebi mSvidobian

mowodebebs ar emorCilebodnen da

realuri safrTxe eqmneboda simS-

videsa da wesrigs.

9. Tu Tbilisis gubernatori simSvi-

disa da wesrigis dacvis procesSi

petrogradidan, meoTxe saxelmwifo

saTaTbirodan raime miTiTebebs

miiRebda, am miTiTebebis Sesaxeb

dauyovnebliv saqmis kursSi unda

Caeyenebina general-leitenanti

vladimir orlovi.

marTalia, didi mTavari nikolai roma-

novi ruseTis armiis umaRles mTavarsardlad

dainiSna, magram igi jerjerobiT TbilisSi

rCeboda, rac frontebze da qveynis SigniT

Seqmnil viTarebaSi damatebiT siZneleebs

qmnida. amis Sesaxeb 1917 wlis 3 marts uma-

Rlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis ufrosma mix-

ail aleqseevma sagangebo depeSiT acnoba ni-

kolai romanovs. depeSidan irkveva:

1. 1917 wlis 3 marts 18 saaTze meoTxe

saxelmwifo saTaTbiros Tavmj-

domares mixail roZiankos mogilevSi

myof mixail aleqseevisaTvis tele-

foniT ucnobebia, rom petrogradSi

simSvidis damyarebis nacvlad vi-

Tareba sul ufro iZabeboda;

- 58 -


2. mixail roZianko mixail aleqseevs

sTxovda 1917 wlis 2 marts nikolai

II-is mier taxtidan gadadgomis Ses-

axeb xelmowerili manifestis gamo-

qveynebisagan Tavi Seekavebina;

3. imperatoris gadadgomis Sesaxeb

manifestis gamoqveynebis SeCerebis

Sesaxeb mixail aleqseevTan saubram-

de mixail roZiankos CrdiloeTis

frontis sardal nikolai ruzski-

sTan usaubria. nikolai ruzskis

am saubris Canaweri mixail aleq-

seevisaTvis gaugzavnia. mixail ro-

Ziankos sityvasityviT uTqvams, ni-

kolai II-is gadadgomas da taxtis

memkvidris gamefebas kidev Seurig-

debodiT, rom ara samoqalaqo omis

safrTxeo. nikolai ruzskis mixail

roZiankosaTvis ukiTxavs, Tu aseTi

Sexeduleba gqondaT, amis Sesaxeb

dawvrilebiTi instruqcia ratom ar

mieciT fskovSi imperatorTan mo-

salaparakeblad Casul aleqsei gu-

Ckovsa da matvei Sulginso. mixail

roZiankos Tavi imiT umarTlebia,

rom aleqsei guCkovisa da matvei

Sulginis peterburgidan fskovSi

gamgzavrebis Semdeg petrogradSi

jariskacTa axalma ajanyebam if-

eTqa, jariskacebs mxari dauWires

muSebma da uwesrigobam mTeli qa-

laqi moicvao. jariskacebTan da

muSebTan molaparakeba 2 marts gvian

RamiT dasrulebula. xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebi da ajanyebulebi

Semdegze SeTanxmebulan: ara ugvi-

anes eqvi Tvisa Seikribeboda ruse-

Tis damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic

gansazRvravda saxelmwifo mmarTve-

lobis formas, manmade ki mTeli Za-

laufleba saxelmwifo saTaTbirosa

(saTaTbiros droebiT komitetsa) da

saxelmwifo sabWos SeTanxmebiT Se-

qmnil mTavrobas unda dakisreboda.

rogorc nikolai ruzski acxadebda,

mixail roZianko absoluturad dar-

wmunebuli iyo am gegmis realobaSi.

mixail roZiankos sagangaSod miaCn-

da is, rom nikolai II-is taxtidan

gadadgomis Sesaxeb manifesti sxva-

dasxva gzebiT mainc cnobili gaxda

armiisa da samoqalaqo mosaxleobi-

saTvis;

4. nikolai ruzskis mier miwodebuli

masalis safuZvelze mixail aleq-

seevs aseTi STabeWdileba Seqmnia:

a) meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi

da mis droebiT komitetSi erTsu-

lovneba ar iyo. saTaTbiroSi gansa-

kuTrebiT Zlierdebodnen memarcx-

ene partiebi;

b) meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiro-

sa da droebiTi komitetis Tavmj-

domare mixail roZiankoze Zlier

gavlenas axdendnen saTaTbiros me-

marcxene partiebi da muSaTa depu-

tatebis sabWoebi;

g) mixail roZiankos Sexeduleba,

rom romanovebis dinastiis Senar-

Cuneba samoqalaqo oms gamoiwvevda

memarcxene partiebis Zlieris zewo-

lis Sedegi iyo;

d) petrogradis garnizoni sab-

olood moeqca petrogradis mu-

SaTa da jariskacTa deputatTa

sabWos gavlenis qveS, rac safrTxes

uqmnida yvelas, maT Soris meoTxe

saxelmwifo saTaTbiros droebiT

komitetsac. gansakuTrebuli sa-

frTxe moqmed armias eqmneboda.

aseT viTarebaSi taxtidan gadad-

gomis Sesaxeb nikolai II-is manifesti

did areulobas gamoiwvevda armiaSi,

Seasustebda mis brZolisunariano-

bas da ruseTs did qaosSi gadaCexda;

5. mixail aleqseevi Seqmnili viTare-

bis analizis Sedegad aseT daskvnebs

akeTebda:

a) meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiro

Tavmjdomare mixail roZiankosaT-

vis winadadeba unda miecaT, raTa

manifesti dauyovnebliv Sesuliyo

- 59 -


ZalaSi da amis Sesaxeb saqmis kursSi

CaeyenebinaT moqmedi armia;

b) SeTanxmebuli gegmiT moqmedebis

mizniT dauyovnebliv unda moewviaT

frontis sardlebis TaTbiri, rom-

lis Tavmjdomarec, Tuki inebebda,

umaRlesi mTavarsardali nikolai

romanovi unda yofiliyo, masve unda

ganesazRvra frontis sardlebis

TaTbiris droc.

6. Tu nikolai romanovi Tbilisidan

moqmed armiaSi ver Cavidoda, maSin

frontis sardlebis TaTbirs 1917

wlis 8 an 9 marts mixail aleqseevi

Caatarebda.

1917 wlis 4 marts, SuaRamisas, 24 saaT-

sa da 55 wuTze TbilisSi miiRes umaRlesi

mTavarsardlis nikolai romanovis saxelze

mogilevidan umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Sta-

bis ufros mixail aleqseevis mier 3 marts

19 saaTsa da 30 wuTze gamogzavnili depeSa,

romelic baltiis samxedro sazRvao flot-

Si revoluciuri gamosvlebis dawyebis Ses-

axeb ityobineboda.

4 marts mixail aleqseevma nikolai ro-

manovs acnoba, rom mixail aleqsandres Zem

damfuZnebeli krebis gadawyvetilebamde im-

peratoris taxtis dakavebaze uari ganacxa-

da. mixail aleqseevi SiSobda, rom am gad-

awyvetilebas axali areuloba SeiZleboda

gamoewvia.

1917 wlis 4 marts TbilisSi mogilevi-

dan miiRes mixail aleqseevis mier Ramis 1

saaTsa da 35 wuTze gamogzavnili depeSa,

romelic umaRles mTavarsardal nikolai

romanovs mouwodebda yvela Rone exmara,

raTa droebiTi mTavroba armiisa saqmiano-

baSi ar Careuliyo. 4 martsve dilis 6 saaT-

sa da 3 wuTze Tbilisidan mogilevSi gag-

zavnili depeSiT nikolai romanovma mixail

aleqseevs sruli Tanadgoma gamoucxada,

radgan isic miiCnevda, rom droebiTi mTav-

robis armiis saqmeSi Carevas didi uaryofi-

Ti Sedegebi mohyveboda.

1917 wlis 4 marts mixail aleqseevma

nikolai romanovs damaimedebeli ambavi ac-

noba: ajanyeba baltiis samxedro-sazRvao

flotSi CaxSobili iyo. 4 martsve mixail

aleqseevma nikolai romanovs kidev erTi

depeSiT aseTi ambavi amcno: “3 marts 20

saaTsa da 5 wuTze misma imperatorobiTma

udidebulesobam ineba mTavarbanakSi (gan-

lagebuli iyo mogilevSi _ v. g.) mobrZanda,

sadac, Cemamde moRweuli cnobebis mixedviT,

misi udidebulesoba ramdenime dRiT apirebs

darCenas. rogorc ki gairkveva Tu ramdeni

dRe apirebs darCenas misi udidebulesoba,

maSinve Sevatyobineb Tqven imperatorobiT

udidebulesobas.” nikolai II-is mogilevSi

Casvlas mixail aleqseevi arasasurvelad

miiCnevda. ufro SemaSfoTebeli iyo 4 marts

miRebuli kidev erTi depeSa. mixail aleq-

seevi nikolai romanovs atyobinebda, rom

petrogradSi muSebma policiisa da ofi-

crebis ganiarareba daiwyes. 4 martis me-

tad daZabuli dRe amiT ar dasrulebula.

kidev erTi telegramiT mixail aleqseevma

nikolai romanovs acnoba, baltiis flotis

ajanyebulma mezRvaurebma samxedro-sazR-

vao flotis sardali, vice-admirali adri-

an nepenini mokles da mis nacvlad flotis

sardlad vice-admirali andrei maqsimovi

(1866-1951) airCies. andrei maqsimovi mez-

RvaurTa nebas damorCilebia da 4 marts

16 saaTsa da 10 wuTze ruseTis droebiTi

mTavrobis samxedro ministr aleqsei gu-

CkovisaTvis ucnobebia, rom baltiis samxe-

dro-sazRvao flotis sardlis movaleobis

Sesrulebas Seudga. 4 martis mSfoTvare

dRe imiT dasrulda, rom mixail aleqseev-

ma nikolai romanovs kidev erTi samwuxaro

ambavi acnoba: armiaSi jariskacTa da ofi-

cerTa Soris ganxeTqileba Zlierdeboda da

mdgomareoba sul ufrodaufro iZabeboda.

nikolai romanovi, romelic jerjero-

biT kavkasiis mefisnacvlis movaleobasac

asrulebda, cdilobda TbilisSi movlena-

Ta radikalizacia ar daeSva. 1917 wlis 5

marts samoqalqo saqmeebSi mefisnacvlis

TanaSemwe general-leitenantma vladimir

orlovma Tbilisis gubernator polkovnik

aleqsandr mandrikas mefisnacvlis saxeliT

- 60 -


acnoba, rom wesrigisa da simSvidis dacvis

mizniT politikur partiebs, maT Soris so-

cial-demokratebsac, dayrdnoboda.

ruseTis armia da samxedro-sazRvao

flo ti sul ufrodaufro ixrwneboda, ra sac

Za lze ganicdida umaRlesi mTavarsardali

nikolai romanovi da umaRlesi mTavarsard-

lis Stabis ufrosi mixail aleqseevi, mTeli

samefo ojaxi. 1917 wlis 5 marts didma mTa-

varma sergei mixeilis Ze romanovma (1869-

1918) TbilisSi nikolai romanovs acnoba,

rom samefo ojaxis wevrebi, didi mTavre-

bi, mogilevSi, umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis

banakSi apirebdnen Sekrebas da iqve iwvevd-

nen nikolai romanovsac. nikolai romanovi

ruseTSi gasamgzavreblad emzadeboda. 1917

wlis 6 marts man mowodebiT mimarTa kavka-

siis mosaxleobas, raTa simSvide da wesrigi

daecvaT. savalalo viTareba SeiniSneboda

kavkasiis armiaSi, oficerTa da jariskac-

Ta urTierToba xSirad fizikuri angariSs-

worebiT mTavrdeboda. 1917 wlis 6 marts

nikolai romanovs acnobes, rom carskoe

seloSi mis misaRebad yvelaferi mzad iyo.

nikolai romanovs carskoe seloSi darCena

mogilievSi gamzavrebamde SeeZlo.

1917 wlis 6 marts kavkasiis mefis-

nacvalma nikolai romanovma vladimir

orlovis nacvlad samoqalo saqmeebSi me-

fisnacvlis TanaSemwis movaleobis aRms-

ruleblad v. v. aliSevski daniSna.

3. viTareba kavkasiis armiaSi 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis Semdeg

1917 wlis 7 marts jer kidev TbilisSi

myofma umaRlesma mTavarsardalma nikolai

romanovma gamosca brZaneba, romelic armi-

asa da samxedro-sazRvao flots droebiTi

mTavrobis cnobas avaldebulebda. 7 marts

TbilisSi telegrafiT miiRes nikolai II-is

mier xelmowerili manifesti taxtidan ga-

dadgomis Sesaxeb.

kavkasiis armiaSi ase Tu ise arsebuli

simSvide da wesrigi, cxadia, didxans ver

gagrZeldeboda. pirveli sagangaSo cnoba

qalaq yarsidan movida, romelic imxanad

ruseTis armias ekava. 1917 wlis 7 marts di-

lis 7 saaTsa da 55 wuTze kavkasiis armiis

Stabis ufrosma general-maiorma leonid

boxovitinovma (1871-1925) umaRlesi mTa-

varsardlis Stabis ufross aseTi Sinaarsis

depeSa gaugzavna: yarsis cixesimagris gar-

nizonis jariskacebma daapatimres cixes-

imagris komendanti general-maiori leonid

lindenbaumi (1868-1938), garnizonis Sta-

bis ufrosi polkoviki salamonovi, qalaq

yarsis komendanti polkovniki briukovec-

ki, sagzao-sarkinigzo cxenosani brigadis

meTauri polkovniki Suxovi, 280-e saTa-

darigo polkis meTauri polkovniki nikol-

ski, yarsis olqis samxedro gubernatori

general-maiori aleqsandr suSCinski (1855-

1933), vice-guneranatori Smerlingi da sxva

oficrebi. amis Semdeg samxedro Catarda

samxedro nawilebis warmomadgenelTa kreba,

romelmac yarsis cixesimagris droebiT

komendantad polkovniki karamiSevi airCia.

Seqmnil viTarebaSi karamiSevi Txoulobda

saswrafo gadawyvetilebas: an igi an sxva

vinme daeniSnaT cixe-simagris komendantad.

ruseTis umaRlesi mTavarsardlis ni-

kolai romanovis TbilisSi Seyovneba did

sirTuleebs qmnida armiis marTvaSi. uma-

Rlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis ufrosi mix-

ail aleqseevi daJinebiT iTxovda nikolai

romanovis moqmed armiaSi Casvlas. 1917 wlis

7 marts dilis 9 saaTze nikolai romanovi

Tbilisidan petrograds gaemgzavra. kavka-

siis mefisnacvlisa da kavkasiis armiis mTa-

varsardlis nikolai romanovis Tbilisidan

gamgzavrebis Semdeg viTareba daiZaba: ka-

zakTa me-2 divizis sardali general-maiori

aleqsandr kulebiakini (1870-?) ityobinebo-

da, rom 8 marts eCmiaZinSi ganlagebuli 25-e

msrolelTa polkis jariskacebi ajanydnen;

general-leitenanti fiodor Cernozubovi

(1863-1919) 8 marts urmiidan ityobineboda,

rom mzaddeboda jariskacTa mitingebi. ka-

vkasiis armiis mTavarsardali nikolai iu-

deniCi generlebTan erTad im RonisZiebebis

Sesaxeb msjelobda, romlTa gatarebis Se-

- 61 -


degad kavkasiis frontze areulobis Tav-

idan acileba SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda.

4. amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli komitetis (ozakomis) Seqmna

1917 wlis 2 marts ruseTis imperatoris

nikolai II-is taxtidan gadadgomis Semdeg,

roca qveyanas axali xelmwife-imperatori

ar hyavda, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT

kavkasiaSi mefisnacvlis (mefis moadgilis)

Tanamdebobis arseboba aRar SeiZleboda.

warmoudgeneli iyo is, rom ruseTSi uma-

Rlesi sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli

xelisufleba 1917 wlis 3 martidan droe-

biTi mTavrobis xelSi iyo, xolo kavkasias

Zveli xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli _ me-

fisnacvali ganagebda. mefisnacvlis Tanam-

debobis gauqmeba da samxareo xelisuflebis

axali organos Seqmna gadaudebel saWiroe-

bas warmoadgenda. ruseTis droebiTma

mTavrobam da misma Tavmjdomarem giorgi

lvovma es saqme aleqsandr kerenskis (1881-

1970) miando. ramdenime dRiani konsulta-

ciebis Semdeg droebiTma mTavrobam Seqm-

na amierkavkasiis samxareo xelisuflebis

organo _ amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli

komiteti (ozakomi). ozakomi aseTi Semad-

genlobiT damtkicda: Tavmjdomare _ ruse-

Tis meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros wev-

ri, konstituciur-demokratiuli partiis

wevri vasili xarlamovi (1875-1957), wevre-

bi _ cnobili sazogado moRvawe, litera-

turaTmcodne da kritikosi, saqarTvelos

socialist-federalistTa partiis wevri

ivane (kita) abaSiZe (1870-1917 wlis 17 dekem-

beri), ruseTis meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaT-

biros wevri, musavatis partiis wevri memed

iusuf hajibaba jafarovi (1885-1938), ruse-

Tis meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros wevri,

daSnakTa partiis wevri miqael papajaniani,

igive mixeil papajanovi (1869-1929), ruse-

Tis meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros wevri

pavel pereverzevi (1871-1944). 1917 wlis 8

marts ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis Tavm-

jdomare giorgi lvovma Tbilisis qalaqis

Tavs aleqsandre xatisovs (1874-1945) de-

peSiT acnoba, rom peterburgidan TbilisSi

gamoemgzavrnen amierkavkasiis gansakuTre-

buli komitetis wevrebi: vasili xarla-

movi, ivane (kita) abaSiZe, memed iusuf ha-

jibaba jafarovi, miqael papajaniani, pavel

pereverzevi. ozakomis wevrebi mgzavrobas

ramdenime dRe moundnen. mogvianebiT oza-

komis Semadgenloba Seicvala: kita abaSiZis

nacvlad ozakomis wevri gaxda qarTveli

social-demokrati akaki Cxenkeli, xolo

piotr pereverzevi droebiTi mTavrobis

ministrad airCies. ase, rom ozakomi aseTi

SemadgenlobiT muSaobda: vasili xarla-

movi, akaki Cxenkeli, memed iusuf hajibaba

jafarovi, miqael papajaniani.

5. revoluciuri gamosvlebi kavkasiis armiaSi

ruseTis 1917 wlis martis Teber-

val-martis revoluciis Semdeg Taviseburi

viTareba Seiqmna. ruseTis imperiis centra-

luri xelisuflebis samarTalmemkvidre _

ruseTis droebiTi mTavroba, romlis xel-

Si iyo umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo da aRmas-

rulebeli xelisufleba, qveyanaSi viTare-

bas ver akontrolebda. droebiTi mTavrobis

mier ruseTis guberniebsa da did qalaqebSi

daniSnuli adgilobrivi xelisuflebis or-

ganoebi an ozakomis msgavsi adgilobrivi

xelisuflebis organoebi controls ver

uwevdnen maTdami rwmunebul teritorias.

praqtikulad xelisuflebas adgilebze (did

qalaqebSi, guberniebSi, mazrebSi, soflebSi)

deputatTa sabWoebi flobdnen. magaliTad,

petrogradis muSaTa da jariskacTa depu-

tatTa sabWo (Tavmjdomare karlo CxeiZe)

realurad imaze did Zalauflebas flobda,

vidre ruseTis droebiTi mTavroba. aseTive

did Zalauflebas flobda moskovis muSaTa

da jariskacTa deputatTa sabWo, romel-

ic angariSs ar uwevda droebiTi mTavro-

bis mier moskovSi daniSnul xelisuflebis

organos da mis pirvel pirs. gansxvavebuli

viTareba arc amierkavkasiasa da konkretu-

lad saqarTveloSi iyo. Tbilisis muSaTa da

jariskacTa sabWo (Tavmjdomare noe Jor-

- 62 -


dania) qalaqSi xelisuflebis erTaderTi

realuri organo iyo da mis daukiTxavad

ozakomi nabisjas ver gadadgamda. ozakoms

angariSs ar uwevda amierkavkasiis muSaTa,

jariskacTa da glexTa deputatTa sabWoe-

bis samxareo centri (Tavmjdomare noe

Jordania). rac Seexeba ruseTis kavkasiis

armias, aq realur Zalauflebas jariskaTa

deputatTa sabWoebis samxareo centri (Tav-

mjdomare dimitri donkoi) flobda. igive

viTareba iyo mazrebsa da soflebSi. yove-

live zemoT aRniSnuli ase Tu ise mosaTmeni

iyo revoluciis Semdgom pirvel dReebSi.

Tu viTareba ucvleli darCeboda, xelisu-

flebis adgilobrivi (samxareo, sagubernio,

saqalqo, samazro) organoebi sabolood

daknindebodnen da mTeli marTva gamgeoba

deputatTa sabWoebis xelSi gadavidoda,

romelTac marTvis gamocdileba ar gaaCn-

daT. Seqmnili viTareba ukiduresad asus-

tebda armiis sabrZolo potencials. ami-

tom iyo, rom 1917 wlis 11 marts ruseTis

umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis ufrosma

mixail aleqseevma gamosca brZaneba, romel-

Sic CamoTvlili iyo is RonisZiebebi, rom-

lis cxovrebaSi gatarebac jariskacTa dep-

utatTa sabWoebSi memarcxene elementebis

gavlenas Seamcirebda. brZanebaSi aRniSnu-

li iyo, rom droebiT mTavrobas realuri

Zalaufleba ar gaaCnia da am Zalauflebas

deputatTa sabWoebi flobdnen. mixail ale-

qseevi miiCnevda, rom Semdegi kompromisi

deputatTa sabWoebis mimarT damRupveli

iqneboda, xolo armia saimedod unda yo-

filiyo daculi jariskacTa deputatTa

sabWoebis gavlenisagan. armiaSi jariskacTa

deputatTa sabWoebis gavlenis Sesamcireb-

lad aucilebeli iyo oficerTa organize-

ba, xolo deputatTa sabWoebSi, romlebic

mxolod jariskacebisagan kompleqtdeboda,

_ oficrebis Seyvana. kavkasiis armiis mTa-

varsardali nikolai iudeniCi 11 martsve

gamoexmaura mixail aleqseevis brZanebas da

umaRlesi mTavarsardlis Stabis ufross

depeSiT acnoba, rom kavkasiis armiaSi ar-

sebul jariskacTa deputatTa sabWoebs

sardloba Tavis gavlenis qveS moaqcevda.

kavkasiis armiis mTavarsadlis optimizmi

usafuZvlo aRmoCnda. 1917 wlis 12 marts

polkovnikma riabininma nikolai iudeniCs

arasasiamovno ambavi amcno: trapizonSi

ganlagebul kavkasiis armiis nawilebSi ja-

riskacTa deputatTa sabWoebis iniciativiT

Zveli wesdebebi gauqmda da ZalaSi Sevida

jariskacTa mier SemuSavebuli axali wesde-

bebi. konkretulad ki movlenebi ase ganvi-

Tarebula:

1. 1917 wlis 9 marts trapizonSi ja-

riskacebi, mezRvaurebi, navsadguris

muSebi, sul 2.000 kaci Sekrebila.

Sekrebas oficerTa mcire raodeno-

bac daswrebia;

2. jariskacTa da mezRvaurTa Sekrebas

erTxmad gadauwyvetia policiisa da

Jandarmeriis samsaxurebis gauqmeba.

hauptvaxtidan jariskacTa ganTavi-

sufleba, maRaziebisa da sursaTis

sawyobebis gaZarcva oficrebisa da

Segnebuli jariskacebis wyalobiT

Tavidan yofila acilebuli;

3. RamiT trapizonSi jariskacTa dep-

utatTa sabWos mier daniSnuli pa-

truli morigeobda, patrulis Se-

mad genlobaSi jariskacebTan erTad

oficrebic iyvnen;

4. 9 marts saRamos samxedro nawilebis

meTaurebi da oficrebi samxe-

dro-savele sasamarTlos Tavmjdom-

aris monawileobiT Seqmnili viTare-

bis gasaanalizeblad Sekrebilan.

yvela SeTanxmebula imaze, rom ja-

riskacTa mitingebis didi xniT Tav-

idan acileba SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

portis komendantma ganacxada, rom

igi pasuxs ver agebda portSi myofi

mezRvaurebis moqmedebaze. krebaze

gamoTqmula azri, rom daxmarebis

mizniT samoqalaqo xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebisaTvis miemarTaT;

5. 10 marts diliT miRebuli iqna gad-

awyvetileba droebiTi aRmasrule-

beli komitetis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

- 63 -


aseve gadawyda Zalis gamoyeneba Tu

jariskacebis hauptvaxtidan ganTa-

visuflebas moiTxovdnen;

6. droebiTi aRmasrulebeli komite-

tis zogierTi wevris moTxovniT, aR-

masrulebeli komiteti jariskacTa

mitings unda daswreboda. komiteti

mitings daeswro;

7. polkovnik riabinins viTarebis

garTulebis SemTxvevisaTvis sa-

brZolvelad mzad hyavda qalaqis ga-

reubanSi ganlagebuli kazakTa pol-

ki da sanapiro dacvis artileria;

8. jariskacTa mitingi didi vneba-

Ta RelviT mimdinareobda, wamoy-

enebuli iqna hauptvaxtSi myofi

jariskacebis, maT Soris sisxlis

samarTlis damnaSaveebis, ganTavi-

suflebis moTxovna. sisxlisRvris

Tavidan acilebis mizniT droebiTi

aRmasrulebeli komitetis am moTx-

ovnas daeTanxma _ dapatimrebulebi

gaanTavisufles;

9. Tbilisidan brZanebis miRebamde

dro ebiT aRmasrulebel komitets

JandarmeriisaTvis saxeli Seucvlia

da “raionis dacvis samsaxu-

ri” uwodebia, saxeli SeucvliaT

policiisaTvisac da misTvis “samxe-

dro milicia” uwo debiaT. policiisa

da Jandarmeriis maRalCinosnebi Ta-

namdebobidan gada uyenebiaT.

6. sagubernio xelisuflebis likvidacia saqarTveloSi

simSvide arc samoqalaqo mosaxleobaSi

SeiniSneboda. 1917 wlis 13 marts Tbilisis

gubernatorma aleqsandr mandrikam mazre-

bis ufrosebs acnoba, rom Tbilisis guber-

natori da vice-gubernatori gadayenebuli

iyvnen Tanamdebobidan da qalaqSi mTeli

Zalaufleba Tbilisis deputaTa sabWos aR-

masrulebel komitets aeRo xelSi. 14 marts

quTaisis gubernatorma aleqsandr gudoviC-

ma (1869-1919) depeSiT acnoba Tbiliss, rom

misi gubernatoris Tanamdebobaze darCe-

na saziano iqneboda xalxis interesebisT-

vis. cxadia, quTaisis gubernatoris gad-

awyvetileba sulac ar iyo nebayoflobiTi

_ Tu igi ar gadageboda, igive dRe eloda,

rac Tbilisis gubernators.

7. wesrigis aRdgenis cda ruseTis armiaSi da viTareba kavkasiis frontze

cxadia, samxreT kavkasiasTan SedarebiT

gacilebiT ufro daZabuli viTareba iyo

peterburgSi, moskovSi da ruseTis moqmed

armiaSi (frontebze). droebiTma mTavrobam

da generalitetma miiRes gadawyvetileba,

rom frontze warmatebuli Seteva xelisu-

flebis avtoritets aamaRlebda. 1917 wlis

18 marts frontebis sardlebma da sxva

generlebma: kavaleriis generalma, gener-

al-adiutantma aleqsei brusilovma (1853-

1926), infanteriis generalma dimitri bal-

aninma (1857-1928), infanteriis generalma,

general-adiutantma dimitri SCerbaCevma

(1857-1932), kavaleriis generalma aleqsei

kaledinma (1861-1918) da infanteriis gen-

eralma piotr baluevma (1857-1923) sagange-

bo depeSiT acnobes kavkasiis armiis sar-

dals, nikolai iudeniCs, rom aucilebeli

iyo ruseT-osmaleTis frontze Setevis

dawyeba. 19 marts nikolai iudeniCma de-

peSiT acnoba samxreT-dasavleTis frontis

sardal aleqsei brusilovs, rom oslameTis

armiis winaaRmdeg Setevas daiwyebda.

gatarebuli RoniZiebebis miuxeda-

vad vercerT frontze da maT Soris verc

ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis frontze wes-

rigis aRdgena ver moxerxda. jariskacTa

deputatTa sabWoebis TviTnebobis Sedegad

samxedro nawilebis brZolisunarianoba

daqveiTda. 1917 wlis 1 aprils trapizo-

nis gamagrebuli raionidan sagangebo de-

peSiT mimarTes ruseTis droebiTi mTav-

robis samxedro ministrs aleqsei guCkovs,

iusticiis ministrs aleqsandr kerenskis,

petrogradis muSaTa, jariskacTa da mezR-

vaurTa deputatTa sabWos Tavmjdomares ni-

koloz (karlo) CxeiZes, droebiTi mTavrobis

- 64 -


Tavmjdomares giorgi lvovs. depeSaSi aR-

niSnuli iyo, rom trapizonis gamagrebuli

raionis sardlobasa da trapizonis muSaTa

da jariskacTa aRmasrulebel komitets So-

ris mudmivi konfliqti arsebobda. msgav-

si viTareba SeiniSneboda yvela frontze,

armiebSi, diviziebsa da polkebSi. 1917 wlis

16 aprils ruseTis armiis generaluri Sta-

bis oficerTa jgufma mowodebiT mimarTa

frontebis, armiebis, korpusebis, divi-

ziebisa da samxedro okrugebis Stabebis

oficrebs. mowodebis teqsti depeSiT ga-

daica, romelSic vkiTxulobT: “Cveni samS-

oblo da armia safrTxeSia.” safrTxis Tav-

idan acilebis erTaderT gzad generaluri

Stabis oficrebi armiaSi wesrigis aRdgenas

saxavdnen. mowodebas xels awerdnen gener-

aluri Stabis oficrebi: baranovski, lebe-

devi, salkoviCi, pronini, tixobrazovi, iuze-

foviCi, kiiaSCenko, koJevnikovi.

kavkasiis frontis mTavarsardal-

ma nikolai iudeniCma ramdenime RonisZie-

ba gaatara: Tanamdebobidan gadaayena ja-

riskacebisaTvis saZulveli oficrebi,

samxedro nawilebidan gaiwvia is oficre-

bi, romlebic xels uSlidnen urTierTo-

bis mogvarebas jariskacTa deputatebis

sabWoebTan, Tumca am RonisZiebebs viTare-

bis kardinalurad Secvla ar SeeZlo. ja-

riskacTa deputatTa sabWoebi samxedro

nawilebis erTaderT baton-patronad miiC-

nevdnen Tavs da arad agdebdnen samxedro

meTaurTa gankargulebebsa da brZanebebs.

1917 wlis 31 maiss kavkasiis armiis mTa-

varsardlad nikolai iudeniCis nacvlad

infanteriis generali mixail prJevalski

(1859-1934) dainiSna.

1917 wlis agvistos bolos infanteriis

genaralma lavr kornilovma (1870-1918) Ta-

namoazre generlebisa da oficrebis jguf-

Tan erTad saxelmwifo gadatrialebis

mowyoba da samxedro diqtaturis damyare-

ba gadawyvita. kavkasiis armiis generlebisa

da oficrebis jgufma mxari dauWira gen-

eral lavr kornilovs. droebiTi mTav-

robis Tavmjdomarem aleqsandr kerenskim

SeZlo saxelmwifo gadatrialebis Tavidan

acileba.

1917 wlis agvistoSi kavkasiis armiaSi

sul ufro gaZlierda jariskacTa deputat-

Ta sabWoebis gavlena. sxvadasxva samxedro

nawilis jariskacTa deputatTa sabWoebis

muSaobas koordinacias uwevda jariskacTa

deputatTa sabWoebis amierkavkasiis samx-

areo centri, romlis paralelurad moq-

medebda kavkasiis armiis komiteti. pirveli

organo metwilad politikuri sakiTxebiT

iyo dakavebuli, xolo meore _ samxedro

sakiTxebiT. jariskacTa deputatTa sabWoe-

bis amierkavkasiis samxareo cenrtTan Seiqm-

na droebiTi revoluciuri komiteti, ro-

melmac 1917 wlis 31 agvistos frontsa

da zurgSi moqmed jariskacTa deputatTa

sabWoebs revoluciuri komitetebis Seqmni-

saken mouwoda. mowodebaSi aRniSnuli iyo:

1. 1917 wlis 30 agvistos gaimarTa am-

ierkavkasiis muSaTa, jariskacTa da

glexTa deputatTa sabWoebis gaer-

Tianebuli centris kreba, romelsac

evgeni gegeWkori (1881-1954) Tavmj-

domareobda;

2. Seqmnili viTarebis gaanalizebis

Semdeg gadawyda kavkasiis droebiTi

centraluri revoluciuri komite-

tis Seqmna. komitetis SeqmnasTan da-

kavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta

evgeni gegeWkors daevala;

3. krebis gadawyvetilebiT kavka siis

droebiT centralur re volu ciur

komitetSi unda Sesu liyo yvela

revoluciuri da sa zogadoebrivi

organizacia, social-demokrati

men Sevikebis, social-demokrati

bol Sevikebis, so ci alist-revoluci-

onerebis, socialist-federal-

istebis da daSnakciutunis warmo-

madgenlebi. krebam airCia samxedro

saqmeTa komisia, samoqalaqo saqmeTa

komisia, dapatimrebis komisia. garda

amisa, krebam kavkasiis frontze gan-

lagebuli ruseTis armiis samxedro

nawilebSi komisrebi daniSna;

- 65 -


4. 1917 wlis 30-31 agvistos RamiT

daapatimres general lavr korni-

lovis gamosvlis monawileebi. Cxre-

kisas amoRebuli masaliT dadginda,

rom samxedro gadatrialeba kavkasi-

is armiaSic mzaddeboda. saqmes daC-

qarebuli tempiT iZiebdnen;

5. kavkasiis droebiTi centraluri

revoluciuri komiteti kavkasiis

armiis oficrebsa da jariskacebs

arwmunebda, rom samxedro diqtat-

uris damyarebis warumatebeli

cdis Semdeg petrogrdSi wesrigi

sufevda.

1917 wlis 6 seqtembers TbilisSi cno-

bili gaxda, rom ruseTis umaRles mTavar-

sardlad droebiTi mTavrobis Tavmjdomare

aleqsandr kerenski, xolo umaRlesi mTavar-

sardlis Stabis ufrosad mixail aleqseevi

dainiSna. 1917 wlis 9 seqtemebers kavkasiis

droebiTi revoluciuri komitetis Tavmj-

domarem evgeni gegeWkorma cirkularuli

depeSa daagzavna, romelic amierkavkasiis

gansakuTrebuli komitetis reorganizacias

exeboda. cirkularSi aRniSnuli iyo:

1. general lavr kornilovis ambox-

ebis dros amierkavkasiis gansa-

kuTrebulma komitetma (ozakomma)

mTeli Zalauflebis sakuTar xelSi

aReba scada;

2. amierkavkasiis ganasakuTrebu-

li komi teti reorganizacias saW-

iroebda: komitetis Semadgenloba-

Si unda SeeyvanaT revoluciuri da

socialisturi partiebis warmoam-

dgenlebi;

3. kavkasiis droebiTi revoluciuri

komiteti ozakomis reorganizaci-

asTan dakavSirebiT ukve daukav-

Sirda ru seTis droebiT mTavrobas,

miRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba, rom oza-

komis reorganizaciamde muSaobas

gaagrZelebda misi Zveli Semadgen-

loba. mosaxleobas misTvis saint-

ereso yvela sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT

kvlav ozakomisTvis unda miekiTxa.

evgeni gegeWkoris cirkularul tele-

gramasTan dakavSirebiT ozakomis Tavm-

jdomarem vasili xarlamovma Tbilisis

guberniis komisars depeSa gaugzavna, ro-

melSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom lavr korni-

lovis amboxebis dReebSi amierkavkasiaSi

Seqmnili organizaciebi, romlebic Zalau-

flebis xelSi aRebas apirebdnen likvidire-

buli iqnen.

ruseTis droebiTi mTavroba anarqi-

asTan brZolaSi uZluri aRmoCnda. mTavro-

bis saSinao da sagareo politka miuRebeli

iyo mosaxleobisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT ara-

popularuli iyo omis gamarjvebamde miy-

vanis mowodeba. ruseT-germaniis frontze

seriozulma marcxma, rasac didi msxverpli

mohyva, kidev ufro daZaba qveyanaSi arse-

buli politikuri da socialuri viTareba.

ruseTi SimSilobis zRvarze imyofeboda,

droebiTi mTavroba ki uperspeqtivo oms

ganagrZobda. Seqmnili viTarebiT kargad is-

argebles revoluciurma partiebma, pirvel

rigSi social-demokratma bolSevikebma da

armiasa da mosaxleobaSi droebiTi mTavro-

bis sawinaaRmdego agitacia gaaCaRes.

1917 wlis 24 oqtombers ruseTis Sina-

gan saqmeTa ministrma nikitinma Tbilisis

guberniis komisars depeSiT ubrZana, rom

gadamwyveti zomebi mieRo im Zalebis miam-

rT, romlebic Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebas

Seecdebodnen. depeSa TbilisSi meore dRes,

25 oqtombers miiRes, anu maSin, rodesac

bolSevikebma petrogradSi kontrevoluci-

uri saxelmwifo gadatrialeba ukve ganax-

orcieles da droebiTi mTavrobac daamxes.

8. amierkavkasiis komisariatis Seqmna

1917 wlis 26 oqtombers amierkavkasiis

gansakuTrebuli komitetis Tavmjdomar-

is movaleobis aRmsrulebelma akaki Cxen-

kelma da komitetis wevrebma memed iusuf

hajibaba jafarovma, miqael papajanian-

ma depeSa gaugzavnes Tbilisis guberniis

komisars. romelSic petrogradSi ganvi-

Tarebuli movlenebis Setyobinebis Semdeg

- 66 -


ozakomis wevrebi komisars ase mimarTa-

vdnen: `winadadebas gaZlevT wesrigisa da

simSvidis SenarCunebis mizniT gadamwyveti

RonisZiebebi gaataroT, ar dauSvaT aravi-

Tari darRveva da TviTneburi gamosvle-

bi, mosaxleobas auxseniT Tu ra sazianoa

xelisuflebis dapyrobis mizniT uwesri-

gobis mowyoba, miTumetes damfuZnebeli

krebis arCevnebis win. ozakomi moqmedebs

yvela revoluciur organizaciasTan kav-

SirSi da Tavis mxriv viTarebis Sesabamisad

yvela RonisZiebas atarebs. ozakomis Tavm-

jdomaris magier Cxenkeli, ozakomis wevre-

bi papajanovi, jafarovi~.

TbilisSi petrogradSi ganviTarebuli

movlenebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiTi informa-

cia ar gaaCndaT, Tumca bolSevikebis mier

saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mowyobis Sesax-

eb saqmis kursSi iyvnen. bolSevikebis mier

1917 wlis 24-25 oqtombers ganxorciele-

bul kontrrevoluciur saxelmwifo ga-

datrialebas gaemijnen da bolSevikebis ga-

mosvla dagmes:

1. 25 oqtombers _ kavkasiis armiis

sardlobam (mTavarsardali infan-

teriis generali mixail prJevalski,

Stabis ufrosi general-maiori ev-

geni lebedinski), generalitetma da

oficrobam;

2. 25 oqtombers _ amierkavkasiis ja-

riskaTa deputatTa sabWoebis samx-

areo sabWom (Tavmjdomare dimitri

donskoi);

3. 26 oqtombers _ kavkasiis armiis

samxareo sabWom;

4. 3 noembers _ amierkavkasiis muSaTa,

jariskacTa da glexTa deputatTa

sabWoebis samxareo centrma.

bolSevikebis mier ganxorcielebuli

saxelmwifo gadatrialeba ar cno amierka-

vkasiis arcerTma politikurma Zalam, garda

qarTveli, somexi da azerbaijaneli bolSe-

vikebisa. 1917 wlis 24-25 oqtombris saxelm-

wifo gadatrialebisa da ruseTis droebiTi

mTavrobis damxobis Semdeg mis mier daniSnu-

li samxareo xelisuflebis organo _ amier-

kavkasiis gansakuTrebuli komiteti (oza-

komi) samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT aRar

SeiZleboda samxareo xelisuflebis saTave-

Si darCeniliyo. amierkavkasiis politikur-

ma Zalebma icodnen, rom sabWoTa ruseTis

mTavroba didxans aRar daayovnebda amier-

kavkasiaSi samxareo xelisuflebis axali

organos daniSvnas. qarTvelma, somexma da

azerbaijanelma politikurma moRvaweebma

gadawyvites sabWoTa ruseTis mTavrobisaT-

vis daeswroT da TviTon SeeqmnaT samxareo

xelisuflebis organo. am mizniT kavkasiis

sazogadoebrivi uSiSroebis komitetis ini-

ciativiT 1917 wlis 11 noembers TbilisSi,

saxalxo saxlSi, muSaoba daiwyo samxareo

TaTbirma. TaTbirze warmomadgenlebi ga-

mogzavnes:

1. amierkavkasiis muSaTa, jariskacTa

da glexTa samxareo centrma;

2. amierkavkasiis jariskaTa deputatTa

sabWoebis samxareo sabWom;

3. kavkasiis armiis samxareo sabWom;

4. Tbilisis muSaTa da jariskacTa dep-

utatTa sabWoebis aRmasrulebelma

komitetma;

5. Tbilisis saqalaqo saTaTbirom;

6. kavkasiis sazogadoebrivi uSiSroe-

bis komitetma;

7. amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebulma ko-

mitetma;

8. qarTvelma social-demokratebma me-

n Sevikebma;

9. qarTvelma social-demokratma bol-

Sevikebma;

10. qarTvelma socialist-revoluci-

onrebma;

11. qarTvelma socialist-federalis-

tebma;

12. qarTvelma erovnul-demokratebma;

13. somexma daSnakebma;

14. azerbaijanelma musavatebma;

15. fosta-telegrafis TanamSromlebma;

16. amierkavkasiis sasursaTo sammarTve-

lom;

17. TbilisSi arsebulma profkavSirul-

ma organizaciebma.

- 67 -


TaTbirs eswrebodnen kavkasiis armi-

is mTavarsardali, infanteriis generali

mixail prJevalski, kavkasiis armiis Sta-

bis ufrosi, general-maiori evgeni leb-

edinski (1873 -?), kavkasiis armiis Stabis

general-kvartermaisteri, general-maiori

vladimir levandovski (1873-1946), kavkasiis

armiis movlinebuli ingliseli da frangi

oficrebi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

konsuli. sul TaTbirs 100 kaci eswreboda.

TaTbiri 12 saaTze evegeni gegeWkorma

gaxsna. man mokled daaxasiaTa 1917 wlis 24-

25 oqtombersa da Semdeg dReebSi ganviTare-

buli movlenebi _ bolSevikebis mier mowyo-

bili saxelmwifo gadatrialeba da droebiTi

mTavrobis damxoba. evgeni gegeWkorma saxel-

mwifo gadatrialebas ruseTis demokratiis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedeba uwoda. evge-

ni gegWkori saSiS movlenad miiCnevda imas,

rom bolSevbikebis mier ganxorcielebuli

saxelmwifo gadatrialebis Semdeg amier-

kavkasia centralur ruseTs moswyda, ro-

gorc finansuri, ise sursaTiT momaragebis

TvalsazrisiT. amierkavkasiis jariskaTa

deputatTa sabWoebis samxareo sabWos Tav-

mjdomarem dimitri donskoim aRniSna, rom

Seqmnil viTarebaSi aucilebeli iyo amier-

kavkasiis demokratiis gaerTianeba, Tumca

ganvlilma periodma aCvena, rom demokra-

tiuli Zalebi or banakad gaiyo da ganx-

eTqileba dRiTidRe Zlierdeboda. dimitri

donskoim aRniSna, rom arsebobda saSiSroe-

ba ganxeTqileba kavkasiis armiaSic dawyebu-

liyo. donskoimac yuradReba gaamaxvila im

mosalodnel uaryofiT movlenebze, rome-

lic ruseTidan amierkavkasiaSi fulis niS-

nebis Semodinebisa da xorbliT momaragebiT

Sewyvetas mohyveboda, xolo bolSevikebis

batonoba petrogradSi safrTxes uqmnida

rogorc centralur ruseTs, ise amierkavka-

sias. dimitri donskoim yuradReba gaamaxvi-

la im faqtze, rom amierkavkasiaSi xalxis

ndobiT aRWurvili samxareo xelisuflebis

ararseboba kidev ufro Zabavda viTarebas

da daaskvna: amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli

komiteti (ozakomi) TviTon grZnobda, rom

xalxis masebis mxardaWera ar hqonda, ris

gamoc man gadadgomis gadawyvetileba miiRo

da amjerad mxolod mimdinare saqmeebTan

dakavSirebiT sakancelario samuSaoebs as-

rulebda. TaTbirze dimitri donskois am

daskvnas kamaTi ar gamouwvevia. Semdeg don-

skoi damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebs Seexo

da aRniSna, rom amierkavkasiis mosaxleoba

da kavkasiis armia ruseTis damfuZnebel

krebaSi 45 delegats irCevda. momxseneblis

azriT ukeTesi iqneboda amierkavkasiis samx-

areo xelisuflebis mmarTvelobis forma

damfuZnebel krebas ganesazRvra, magram

es dros moiTxovda, xolo samxareo xeli-

suflebis organizeba dauyovnebliv unda

momxdariyo. moxsenebis dasasruls dimitri

donskoim aRniSna, amierkavkasiis axali samx-

areo xelisufleba droebiTi iqneba, xolo

samxareo xelisuflebis formas sabolood

damfuZnebeli kreba gadawyvetso. donsko-

is moxsenebis safuZvelze TaTbirma aseTi

rezolucia miiRo:

1. ruseTis damfuZnebel krebaSi amier-

kavkasiis mosaxleobidan da amier-

kavkasiis frontidan delegatebis

arCevamde amierkavkasiis mmarTve-

loba gadavides amierkavkasiis sazo-

gadoebrivi uSiSroebis komitetis

xelSi, romelSic Sevlen revolu-

ciur demokratiuli, centraluri,

sazogadoebrivi, oficialuri da

erovnuli organoebis warmomadgen-

lebi;

2. ruseTis damfuZnebel krebaSi arCev-

nebis Semdeg damfuZnebel krebas

eTxovos amierkavkasiis samxareo

xelisuflebis droebiTi organos

Seqmna, romlis Semadgenloba da xa-

siaTi ganisazRvros Semdegi princi-

pebis dacviT:

a) amierkavkasiis samxareo xelisu-

flebis organos politika SeuTan-

mxdes ruseTis demokratiis poli-

tikas da masTan erTad gadawyviros

saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi amocanebi;

b) avtonumiurad gadawydes mxolod

- 68 -


adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis mimdin-

are sakiTxebi;

g) amierkavkasiis samxareo xelisu-

flebis droebiTma organom mmarTv-

elobiTi funqcia unda SeinarCunos

damfuZnebeli krebis meir ruseTis

centraluri xelisuflebis organi-

zebamde;

d) amierkavkasiis samxareo xelisuf-

lebis droebiTi organo Tavis

saqmianobaSi unda daeyrdnos mu-

SaTa, ja riskacTa da glexTa dep-

utatTa sab Woebs da adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelo bis organoebs.

TaTbirze gansxvavebuli rezolu-

cia aravis Seutania, arc dimitri donkois

rezoluciis Sesworeba mouTxovia vinmes,

bolSevikebma TaTbiri dasrulebamde da-

toves, rezoluciisaTvis kenWi aRar uyri-

aT, radgan darbazSi mowinaaRmdegeTagan

aRaravin imyofeboda. dokumentSi Caiwera,

rom rezolucia erTxmad iqna miRebuli.

amierkavkasiis politikur ZalTa

TaTbiris Semdeg, 1917 wlis 15 noembers

miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba samxareo

xelisuflebis organos _ amierkavkasiis ko-

misariatis Seqmnis Seasaxeb. amierkavkasiis

komisariatis Semadgenloba ase ganisazRvra:

1. evgeni gegeWkori _ Tavmjdomare,

Sro mis saministros saqmeTa komisa-

ri da sagareo urTierTobaTa samin-

istros saqmeTa komisari;

2. akaki Cxenkeli _ Sinagan saqmeTa sa-

ministros saqmeTa komisari;

3. dimitri donskoi _ samxero da sazR-

vao saministros saqmeTa komisari;

4. x. karCikiani _ finansTa saministros

saqmeTa komisari;

5. Salva aleqsi-mesxiSvili _ saxalxo

ganaTlebis saministros saqmeTa ko-

misari da iusticiis saqmeTa saminis-

tros komisari;

6. memed iusuf hajibaba jafarovi _ vaW-

robisa da mrewvelobis saministros

saqmeTa komisari;

7. xudadaT bei meliq-aslanovi _ gze-

bze mimosvlis saministros saqmeTa

komisari;

8. a. neruCevi _ miwaTmoqmedebis samin-

istros saqmeTa komisari;

9. g. ter-gazariani _ sursaTis saminis-

tros saqmeTa komisari;

10. amazasp (amo) oganjaniani _ sazo-

gadoebrivi mzrunvelobis saminis-

tros saqmeTa komisari;

11. xalil bei hajibaba xasmamedovi _

saxelmwifo kontrolis saqmeTa ko-

misari.

1917 wlis 18 noembers amierkavkasiis ko-

misariatma mxaris mosaxleobas deklaraci-

iT miamrTa, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo:

1. amierkavkasiis komisariati samxareo

xelisuflebis funqcias Seasruleb-

da ruseTis damfuZnebeli krebis

mowvevamde;

2. amierkavkasiis komisariati daicavda

1917 wlis Tebrval-martis revolu-

ciis monapovars, daamyarebda revo-

luciur wesrigs, aRkveTda samoqa-

laqo omis saSiSroebas;

3. amierkavkasiis komisariati ruseTis

revoluciis mier aRiarebuli erTa

TviTgamorkvevis principidan gamom-

dinare xels Seuwyobda amierkavkasi-

aSi erovnuli sakiTxis gadaWras;

4. amierkavkasiis komisariati ibrZo-

lebda zavis dauyovnebliv dadebi-

saTvis;

5. amierkavkasiis komisariati yovel

Rones ixmarda finansebis mosawes-

rigeblad, armiisa da mosaxleobis

sursaTiT mosamarageblad da SimS-

ilis Tavidan asacileblad, trans-

portis muSaobis gasaumjobeseblad;

6. amierkavkasiis komisariati uzrun-

velhyofda sazogadoebis uSiSroe-

bas, zavis dadebis SemtxvevaSi armi-

is demobilizaciis organizebulad

Catarebas, warmoebasa da ganawile-

baze kontrolis damyarebas, Sromis

uflebis dacvas, demokratiuli

erobis SemoRebas, sasamarTlos re-

- 69 -


organizacias, agraruli sakiTxis

gadaWras, amierkavkasiaSi mcxovrebi

erebis mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas.

9. droebiTi zavi ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis frontze

amierkavkasiis komisariati energiulad

Seudga ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis fron-

tze drobiTi zavis dadebisaTvis mzade-

bas. saqmes aferxebda erTi umniSvnelova-

nesi garemoeba: amierkavkasiis komisariati

samxareo xelisuflebis organo iyo da mas

osmaleTTan droebiTi zavis dadebaze mo-

laparakebis dawyeba ruseTis centraluri

xelisuflebis nebarTvis gareSe ar SeeZlo.

1917 wlis 25 oqtombris Semdeg ruseTis yo-

fili imperiis teritoriis udides nawils

sabWoTa ruseTis mTavroba akontroleb-

da, romelsac amierkavkasiis komisariati

ar cnobda. osmaleTTan droebiTi zavis

nebarTva amierkavkasiis komisariats ruse-

Tis umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis banakidan

SeiZleboda mieRo, magram man bolSevikebis

mier saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mowyobis

Semdeg male funqcionireba Sewyvita. aseT

gaurkvevel viTamrebaSi iniciativa osmale-

Tis mxarem ikisra, rac amierkavkasiis komis-

ariatisaTvis molaparakebis dawyebis for-

malur sababs warmoadgenda.

1917 wlis 21 noembers gaimarTa amier-

kavkasiis komisariatis sxdoma, romelsac

evgeni gegeWkori da akaki Cxenkeli Tavmj-

domareobdnen. sxdomas eswrebodnen Salva

aleqsi-mesxiSvili, memed iusuf hajibaba ja-

farovi, dimitri donskoi, x. karCikiani, xu-

dadaT bei meliq-aslanovi, amazasp (amo) ogan-

janiani, g. tergazariani. sxdomaze mowveuli

iyvnen kavkasiis frontis mTavarsardali,

infanteriis generali mixail prJevalski

da kavkasiis frontis Stabis ufrosi, gen-

eral-maiori evgeni lebedinski. dRis wes-

rigSi idga erTi sakiTxi: general mixail

prJevalskis gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom

man kavkasiis frontze osmaleTis armiis

mTavarsardal ferik vehib mehed haSasagan

droebiTi zavis dadebis Taobaze werili

miiRo. sakiTxis ganxilvis Semdeg amierka-

vkasiis komisariatma daadgina:

1. ruseTSi ar arsebobs erTi, cen-

traluri yvelasagan aRiarebuli

xelisufleba, umaRlesi mTavar-

sardlobis banaki samoqalaqo omis

pirobebSi daiSala. Seqmnil poli-

tikur viTarebaSi amierkavkasi-

is komisariatma droulad miiCnia,

daTanxmdes osmaleTis mTavarsard-

lobis winadadebas, dauyovnebliv

Sewyvitos sabrZolo moqmedebebi ka-

vkasiis frontze, aRar ganaxorcie-

los jarebis aranairi strategiuli

gadajgufeba, romelic uaryofiT

gavlenas iqoniebs mesopotamiaSi

ganlagebuli inglisis armiis mdgo-

mareobaze;

2. winadadeba mieces kavkasiis fron-

tis mTavarsardals, general mix-

ail prJevalskis upasuxos kavkasiis

frontze ganlagebuli osmaleTis

jarebis mTavarsardals da pasuxis

Sesaxeb saqmis kursSi Caayenos mes-

opotamiaSi ganlagebuli inglisis

armiis sardali;

3. kavkasiis armiisa da mosaxleobisad-

mi mowodebaSi ganmartebul iqnas

droebiTi zavis mizani, raTa armia

da mosaxleoba Segnebulad moekidos

sazavo molaparakebas;

4. amierkavkasiis komisariatis gad-

awyvetilebis Sesaxeb ecnobos mokav-

Sire saxelmwifoebisa da neitralu-

ri saxelmwifoebis konsulebs.

1917 wlis 21 noembersve, amierkavka-

siis sxdomis dasrulebis Semdeg, gaimar-

Ta amierkavkasiis muSaTa, jariskacTa da

glexTa deputatTa sabWoebis samxareo cen-

tris sagangebo sxdoma. sxdomas noe Jor-

nadia Tavmjdomareobda. sxdomaze moxsen-

ebiT gamovida amierkavkasiis komisariatis

Tavmjdomare evgeni gegeWkori, romelmac

damswreT gaacno droebiTi zavis dadebis

Taobaze komisariatis dadgenileba. gamosv-

lis dasasruls evgeni gegeWkorma ganacxa-

- 70 -


da: `Cven veswrafiT davdoT demokratiuli

zavi~. samxareo centrma erTxmad miiRo

dadgenileba: àmierkavkasiis komisariatis

moqmedeba mowonbul iqnas~.

1917 wlis 22 noembers kavkasiis fron-

tis mTavarsardalma generalma mixail

prJevalskim da kavkasiis frontis Stabis

ufrosma general-maiorma evgeni lebe-

dinskim, amierkavkasiis komisariatis dad-

genilebis Sesabamisad, droebiTi zavis

dadebis Taobaze kavkasiis frontze osma-

leTis armiis mTavarsardals ferik vehib

mehmed faSas upasuxes. mixail prJevalskim

da lebedinskim osmalo sardals acnobes,

rom Tanaxmani iyvnen sabrZolo moqmede-

bebis Sewyvetaze da sazavo molaparakebis

dawyebaze. amasTan erTad, isini, ferik ve-

hib mehmed faSas sTavazobdnen, rom misi

Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi osmalo da rusi

samxedro specialistebisagan Seqmniliyo

komisia, romelic droebiTi zavis pirobebs

SeimuSavebda. mixail prJevalskim da evgeni

lebedinskim osmalo sardals isic acnobes,

rom sazavo molaparakebasTan dakavSirebiT

saqmis kursSi Caayenebdnen mesopotamiaSi

ganlagebul inglisis armiis sardals. 22

noembersve mixail prJevalskim da evgeni

lebedinskim depeSa gaugzavnes mesopotami-

aSi ganlagebuli inglisis armiis sardals.

telegramaSi aRniSnuli iyo: kavakasiis

frontze ganlagebuli osmaleTis armiis

mTavarsardali ferik vehib mehmed faSa

dazavebis iniciativiT gamovida, amierka-

vkasiis komisariatma saWirod CaTvala os-

maleTis mxaris winadadeba mieRo da sazavo

molaparakeba daewyo. mixail prJevalski da

evgeni lebedinski inglisel sardals piro-

bas aZlevdnen, rom osmaleTTan molapar-

akebis dros aucileblad gaiTvaliswinebd-

nen mesopotamiaSi ganlagebuli inglisis

armiis sardlobis interesebs. 22 noem-

bersve amierkavkasiis komisariatma sazavo

molaparakebasTan dakavSirebiT mowodebiT

mimarTa kavkasiis armiasa da mosaxleobas.

mowodebas xels awerda amierkavkasiis ko-

misariatis mTeli Semadgenloba.

kavkasiis frontis mTavarsardalma am-

ierkavkasiis komisariatTan SeTanxmebiT

droebiTi zavis SemuSavebis mizniT Seqmnili

komisiis Tavmjdomared general-maiori ev-

geni viSinski (1873-1920) daniSna. droebiTi

zavis pirobebis SemuSavebis procesSi viS-

inskis 1917 wlis 25 noembers damtkicebuli

Semdegi instruqciiT unda exelmZRvanela:

1. dauyonebliv unda Sewyvetiliyo sa-

brZolo moqmedebebi ruseT-osmale-

Tis kavkasiis frontze;

2. dauSvebeli iyo starategiuli gada-

jgufebis mizniT jarebis gadaadg-

ileba, gansakuTrebiT ki osmaleTis

jarebis gadasrola mesopotamia-si-

riis frontze, sadac inglisis

armia iyo ganlagebuli. Tu osmale-

bi strategiul gadajgufebas mainc

moaxdendnen, es CaiTvleboda sa-

brZolo moqmedebebis ganaxlebad;

3. jarebs ufleba eZleodaT dislok-

aciis adgilidan moexdinaT mcire

masStabis, arastrategiuli mniSvne-

lobis gadaadgileba;

4. omis dros ruseTis armiis mier da-

kavebul osmaleTis teritoriaze

Seqmnil samoqalaqo administraci-

ul organoebs (adgilobrivi mmarT-

velobis organoebs) igive uflebe-

bi unarCundebodaT ra uflebiTac

sargeblobdnen sazavo molaparake-

bis dawyebamde;

5. sazavo molaparakebis mxareebi sade-

markacio xazis dadgenis Semdeg

miniWebuli teritoriis sruli ba-

ton-patroni xdebodnen, rogorc

samxedro ise administraciuli

TvalsazrisiT;

6. sademarkacio xazis dadgenis Semdeg

adgilobriv SeuiaraRebel mosax-

leobas ufleba eZleoda sademarka-

cio xazis meore mxareze gadasuli-

yvnen;

7. Tu adgilobrivi mcxovrebi sade-

markacio xaziT dadgenil neitral-

ur zonaSi Caidenda iseT danaSauls,

- 71 -


romelic safrTxes uqmnida adgilo-

briv mcxovrebTa simSvides, damna-

Save dasasjelad xelSemkvrel mxa-

reebs gadaecemebodaT. Tu romelime

mxare Zebnili damnaSavis gadacemas

moiTxovda, meore mxare valdebuli

iyo dauyonebliv Seesrulebina es

moTxovna;

8. yvelaferi unda gakeTdes imisaTvis,

rom sademarkacio xazis dadgenisas

SenarCunebuli iqnas is teritoria,

romelic ruseTis armias ukavia;

9. droebiTi zavi imoqmedebda sab-

oloo zavis dadebamde. Tu saboloo

zavi ar daideboda, xelSemkvrel mx-

areebs ufleba ar hqondaT daerRvi-

aT sademarkacio xazi. sademarkacio

xazis darRvevamde damrRvev mxares

meore mxare Svidi dRiT adre unda

gaefrTxilebina;

10. Sav zRvaze droebiTi zavis moq-

medebis pirobebs damatebiTi xe-

lSekruleba gansazRvravda;

11. droebiTi zavis pirobebi sademark-

acio xazis sqemasTan erTad or eg-

zemlarad unda SeedginaT da xel-

Semkvrel mxareebs xelmowerebiT

daedasturebinaT. xelSemkvrel mx-

areebs gadaecemodaT dokumentis

TiTo egzemplari;

12. sazavo molaparakebis procesSi da

droebiTi zavis dadebis Semdeg Ses-

aZlebeli iyo qurTTa laSqris mxri-

dan warmoqmniliyo safrTxe, radgan

qurTebi aranair xelisuflebas ar

cnobdnen. mosalodneli iyo, rom

qurTebi moindomebdnen im terito-

riis dakavebas, romelsac omamde

flobdnen, rasac qurTebis mxridan

qristiani mosaxleobis darbeva Sei-

Zleba mohyoloda;

13. molaparakebis procesSi qurTTa

sakiTxic unda ganxiluliyo, osma-

leTis mTavrobas unda aeRo val-

debuleba, rom qurTebi droebiTi

zavis pirobebs daemorCilebodnen.

Tu qurTebi droebiTi zavis pirobebs

daarRvevdnen da mtrul moqmedebas

daiwyebdnen, ruseTis armia Sesabam-

is RonisZiebebs gaatarebda.

droebiTi sazavo xelSekrulebis dade-

bis droisaTvis ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis

fronti qalaq trapizonidan vanis tbamde

iyo gadaWimuli da misi sigrZe 500 verss

udrida. frontze ganlagebuli iyo 200.000

oficeri da jariskaci.

droebiTi zavis dadebis Taobaze mo-

laparakeba qalaq erZinjanSi daiwyo. kavka-

siis frontis mTavarsardalma mixail prJe-

valskim sazavo molaparakebaze gasagzavni

delegacia aseTi SemadgenlobiT daamtkica:

general-maiori evgeni viSinski _ amierkavka-

siis frontis Stabis ufrosi; polkovniki

benzengri _ 156-e elisavetopolis polkis

meTauri; jariskaci smirnovi; arSak jemalian-

ci; privat-docenti biqtor Tevzaia; kapitani

verdinski _ kavkasiis armiis Stabis oficeri,

Tarjimani. molaparakebaze osmaleTis del-

egacia aseTi SemadgenlobiT gamocxadda:

polkovniki iumer liutfi _ osmaleTis me-3

armiis generaluri Stabis ufrosi; maiori

hesru _ osmaleTis me-3 armiis oficeri; kapi-

tani iakubi _ osmaleTis me-3 armiis Tarjima-

ni. droebiTi zavis pirobebis SesamuSaveblad

delegaciebi qalaq erZinjanSi Cavidnen da

1917 wlis 2 dekembers 18 saaTze pirveli sx-

doma daiwyo. droebiTi sazavo xelSekruleba

qalaq erZinjanSi xelmowerili iqna 1917 wlis

5 dekembers 15 saaTze.

erZinjanis droebiTi sazavo xelSek-

rulebis pirobebi aseTia:

1. xelSekruleba savaldebulod Ses-

asrulebeli iyo xelSemkvreli mxa-

reebisaTvis 1917 wlis 5 dekembris

pirveli saaTidan da moqmedebda

saboloo zavis dadebamde. erTi mx-

aris mier xelSekrulebis darRveva

SeiZleboda mas Semdeg, rac meore

mxare xelSekrulebis darRvevisa da

sabrZolo moqmedebebis ganaxlebis

Taobaze 14 dRiT adre iqneboda ga-

frTxilebuli;

- 72 -


2. xelSekrulebis ZalaSi SesvlisTanave

ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis frontze

orive mxare dauyonebliv wyvetda sa-

brZolo moqmedebebs (xelSekrulebis

TandarTul rukaze frontis xazi

iwyeboda Savi zRvis sanapiroze da

grZeldeboda mervan-CarCallis CaT-

vliT _ v. g.). sabrZolo moqmedebebis

SewyvetasTan erTad orive mxares

dauyonebliv unda Seewyvita saavia-

cio frenebi sademarkacio xazis gas-

wvriv 10 versis siganis zolze (da-

saSvebi iyo mxolod sademarkacio

xazis ganaTeba raketebiTa da pro-

JeqtorebiT _ v.g.);

3. sademarkacio xazi dawvrilebiT aRi-

wereboda sagangebo danarTSi war-

modgenili aqtiTa da sqemiT. Sesabam-

isi sademarkacio xazi dadgindeboda

kavkasiis me-7 saarmio korpusisa da

kavkasiis 1-li sakavalerio korpu-

sis mier dakavebuli poziciebis gas-

wvriv. am monakveTze sademarkacio

xazis dadgenaSi monawileoba unda

miiRos kavkasiis me-7 saarmio kor-

pusis, kavkasiis 1-li sakavalerio

korpusis, aseve osmaleTis mxaris

mier daniSnuli samxedro nawilebis

warmomadgenlebma;

4. droebiTi sazavo xelSekrulebis

ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg xelSem-

kvrelma mxareebma aRar unda moax-

dinon jarebis operatiul-strate-

giuli gadaadgileba, gadajgufeba

da tvirTis gadazidva, rezervidan

sademarkacio xazis mimarTulebiT

jarebis gadayvana. gansakuTrebiT

dauSvebelia jarebis gadasrola

mesopotamia-siriis frontis mimar-

TulebiT, am pirobis darRveva CaiT-

vleba sabrZolo moqmedebebis ga-

naxlebad. ZalaSi rCeboda jarebis

gadaadgilebis Taobaze 1917 wlis

2 dekembris 18 saaTamde gacemuli

yvela brZaneba. yvela brZaneba da

gankarguleba gacemuli 1917 wlis

2 dekembris 18 saaTis Semdeg unda

gauqmebuliyo;

5. xelSemkvreli mxareebis jarebs

ufleba hqondaT gadaadgilebuli-

yvenen im teritoriaze, romelic

sademarkacio xazis gansazRvrasTan

erTad dadginda. gadaadgilebis mi-

zani ar unda yofiliyo ukve arsebu-

li sajariso nawilebis gaZliereba;

6. xelSemkvrel mxareebs droebiTi za-

vis moqmedebis periodSi ar unda

daewyoT sabrZolo moqmedebebisaT-

vis mzadeba, Tumca ufleba hqondaT

sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi hqonodaT da

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeekeTebinaT

kidec safortifikacio nageboba-

ni. saswavlo srolebi SeiZleboda

ganexorcielebinaT SaSxanebidan da

tyviamfrqvevebidan da isic sade-

markacio xazis 15 versis moSorebiT.

saswavlo srolebis Sesaxeb xelSem-

kvrel mxareebs erTmaneTi droulad

unda gaefrTxilebinaT;

7. xelSemkvrel mxareebs ufleba ar

hqondaT sadazvervo moqmedebebi

ewarmoebinaT sademarkacio xazs

iqiT arsebul meore mxaris teri-

toriaze;

8. xelSemkvreli mxareebs, rogorc

samxedroebs, ise adgilobriv mosax-

leobas ekrZalebodaT sademarkacio

xaziT dadgenil neitralur zonaSi

Sesvla. jarSi gasawvev asaks miRweu-

li yvela mamakaci, romelic TviTne-

burad Sevidoda sademarkacio xaziT

gansazRvrul neitralur zonaSi,

samxedro tyved CaiTvleboda. gam-

onaklisi daiSveboda im jariskace-

bisaTvis, romlebic neitralur zo-

naSi sasmeli wylisaTvis an saTbobis

mosapoveblad Sediodnen. am SemTx-

vevaSi neitralur zonaSi Sesvla

mxolod im adgilebSi SeiZleboda

sadac jariskacebi wylisa da saTbo-

bisaTvis droebiTi zavis dadebamde

Sediodnen;

- 73 -


9. droebiTi zavis moqmedebis period-

Si warmoqmnili yvela gaugebroba

unda gaerCiaT xelSemkvreli mxaree-

bis warmomadgenlebs. warmomadgen-

lebis Sexvedris adgili yvela konk-

retul SemTxvevaSi parlamentiorTa

meSveobiT dadgindeboda. parla-

mentiorebs arzrum-rifeies gzaze

unda emoZravaT;

10. sademarkacio xaziT dadgenil

neitraluri zonis mcxovreblebis

mier danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxeva-

Si, romelsac SeiZleba adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis simSvide daerRvia,

damnaSave xelSemkvreli mxareebis

SeTanxmebiT daisjeboda. xelSem-

kvreli mxareebi valdebulni iyvnen

erTmaneTisaTvis gadaecaT Zebnili

damnaSave;

11. osmaleTis mxares yoveli Rone unda

exmara raTa qurTebs droebiTi za-

vis pirobebi daecvaT. Tu qurTebi

zavis pirobebs daarRvevdnen, ruse-

Tis armia mis mier kontrolirebad

teritoriaze Sesabamis RonisZiebebs

gaatarebda;

12. xelSemkvrel mxareebs ufleba hqon-

daT warmoedginaT winadadebebi

droebiTi zavis zogierTi muxlis

Sesworebis an saerTod Secvlis Ses-

axeb. winadadebebs ganixilavda xel-

Semkvreli mxareebis mier Seqmnili

erToblivi komisia. Tu ruseTi ger-

maniasTan da mis mokavSireebTan zavs

dadebda, am zavis pirobebi saval-

debulo iqneboda ruseT-osmaleTis

kavkasiis frontisaTvis;

13. Sav zRvaze ruseTisa da osmale-

Tis samxedro flotebs Soris

ZalaSi Sedioda droebiTi zavi. am

zavis dawvrilebiT pirobebs Sei-

muSavebda xelSemkvreli mxareebis

samxedro-sazRvao flotebis war-

momadgenelTa erToblivi komis-

ia. xelSemkvreli mxareebis samxe-

dro-sazRvao Zalebis xomaldebsa

da safren aparatebs ekrZalebo-

daT gadaelaxaT xmeleTidan zRvis

sivrceze dadgenili 10 versiani

zoli. am pirobis darRveva CaiTvle-

boda sabrZolo moqmedebebis ganax-

lebad;

14. droebiTi zavis teqsti Sedgenili

iyo rusul da Turqul enebze. xe-

lSemkvrel mxareebs gadaecemodaT

orive enaze arsebuli teqstis TiTo

egzemplari, xelmowerili da Sesa-

bamisi wesiT damowmebuli.

ruseT-osmaleTis kavkasiis frontze

sademarkacio xazis dawvrilebiT aRwera

da sqema, rogorc droebiTi sazavo xe-

lSekrulebis mesame muxliT iyo gansaz-

Rvruli, calke dokumentis saxiT unda

darTvoda xelSekrulebis ZiriTad teqsts.

sademarkacio xazi ase ganisazRvra:

1. Savi zRvis sanapirodan dersimamde

(firandax-daRis da foxtur-daRis

mTebamde) gadioda ruseTisa da osma-

leTis jarebis mowinave poziciebis

sangrebs Soris;

2. frontis danarCen monakveTze sade-

markacio xazi gadioda Semdeg so-

flebze, dasaxlebul punqtebze,

mdinareebsa da mTebze:

à) rusebisaTvis: firandax-daRis

da foxtur-daRis mTebidan ak-babas

mTaze, siblos (ker sinodis) mTaze

(simaRle 2405), aqtaSis mTaze, goS-

mir-daRis mTaze (simaRle 2460),

SeiTan-daRis qedze, joris-daRis

qedze, sofel bagCaze, solunis

xidis CrdiloeTiT, sofel izrakze

(sofel tiknikidan samxreT-dasav-

leTiT 7 versze), sofel muha-

darir-keize (sofel nur-kaCakidan

samxreT-dasavleTiT 2 versze),

ruseTis jaris barianis pozici-

is sangrebis gaswvriv vanis tbamde,

vanis tbaze tbis samxreT sanapiros

paralelurad 5 versis moSorebiT,

kunZul ak-tamar-adasis CaTvliT,

mdinare penda kanis-derasis Ses-

- 74 -


arTavamde, mTaze (simaRle 2800,

sofel gumberanidan Crdilo-dasav-

leTiT 3 versze), sari-daRis mTaze

(simaRle 3150), mervanze da Semdeg

kavkasiis me-8 calke korpusisa komi-

siis gadawyvetilebis mixedviT (ru-

sul dedanSi: а) Для Русских: от горы Фирандах-даги через гору Ак-баба, гора Сиблос (Кер Синод) Даги (2405), гора Акташ, гора Гошмир-даги (2460), хребет Шейтан-даги, хребет Джорис-даг, сел. Багча, северная оконечность Солунского моста, сел. Израк (в 7 верстах к ю-з. от селения Нур-качак), правый фланг Барианской позиции и вдоль передовых окопов ея к берегу Ванского озера, затем по ванскому озеру паралельно южному берегу его, в 5 верстах от последнего, до острова Ак-тамар-адаси (включительно), далее устье реки Пенда Карис-дераси и через гору 2800 (в 3 верстах к с-з. от сел. Гумберана), гору Сары-даг (3150), Мерване и далее, согласно решения комиссии VII кавказского отдельного корпуса).

b) osmalebisaTvis: foxtur-daRis

mxridan katir-Tefes mTaze, mar-

jan-daglaris mTaze (simaRle 3449),

karija-kalas mTaze (simaRle 3200),

sofel mordokanze (belumeridan

samxreT-dasavleTiT 6 versze),

sofel kipolarze, sofel iukari-

kairze (sofel farjadidan samx-

reT-aRmosavleTiT 5 versze), sofel

mustafa-bekin-kalgize (sanan-daSis

mTidan 2 versiT samxreTiT), sofel

Comakze, sofel zagnize (kigidan

Crdilo-dasavleTiT 6 versze),

sofel porSalikze (kigidan Crdilo-

aRmosavleTiT 4 versze), avik-

daRis mTaze (simaRle 2300, sofel

xosankidan Crdilo-dasavleTiT 3

versze), gullar-jabolze (simaRle

2200), sofel sagnisze, sofel

ognoSze, Sirafendin-daglarze

(simaRle 2350), bindar-Tapasis mTi-

dan samxreTiT 6 versze, sofel

aSa gi- kirvazze, boglan-gediSis

uRe l te xilze, iukari-kirvazidan

sa m xreTiT 5 versze, sofel kol-

ze (sofel emaratidan samxreTiT 4

versze), mdinare murad-Cais gayole-

biT solunis xidis samxreT kideze,

sofel kirgan-komze (sofel tiki-

nikidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 5

versze), sofel bazak-burze (sofel

nur-kaCakidan samxreT-dasav leTiT

4 versze), sofel muSegaSenze, vanis

tbis gaswvriv arsebul osmaleTis

jaris sangrebze, vanis tbis samx-

reT sanapiroze mdinare ariC-dara-

sis SesarTavamde, mdinare arig-da-

rasis gaswvriv sofel arig-vankamde

(ak-tamaris yuridan samxreTiT 8

versze), xavalit-xab-daRis mTaze

(sofel gumberanidan dasavleTiT

7 versze), sofel ari-komze (Satani-

dan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT), mTaze

(simaRle 2400, sofel aSkanidan

aRmosavleTiT 4 versze), julam-

erkze (rusul dedanSi: б) Для Турок:

от горы Похтур-даг через гору Катыр-тапа, гору Марджан-даглари (3449), гора Кариджа-кала (3200), селение Мордокан (в 6 верстах к ю-з. от Белумера), селение Киполар, селение Юкарикаир (в 5 верстах к юго-востоку от селения Фарджадин), селения Мустафа-Бекин-Кавги (в 2 верстах к югу от горы Санан-даш), сел. Чомак, сел. Загни (в 6 верстах к северо-западу от Киги), сел. Поршалык (в 4 верстах к северо-востоку от Киги), гора Авик-даи (2300, в -3х верстах к северо-западу от селю Хосанк), ур. Гуллар Джаболи (2200), сел. Сагнис, сел. Огнош, Ширафендин-Даглари (2350 в 6 верстах к югу от горы Биндар-тапаси), сел. Ашаги-кирваз, перевал Боглан-гедиш от Юкари-кирваза 5 верст к югу), сел. Кол (в 4 верстах к югу от сел. Змарат), далее вдоль Мурад-чая до южной оконечности Солунского моста. От последнего на селение Кыргна-ком (в

- 75 -


5 верстах юго-западу от сел. Нур-качак), сел. Мушегашен и далее Ванского озера вдоль передовых окопов. Затем южный берег Ванского озера до устья реки Арич-дараси, вдоль реки Ариг-дараси, далее на селение Ариг-Ванк (в 8 верстах к югу от залива Ак-тамар), гора Хавалит-хаб-даг (от сел. Гумберана 7 верст к западу), сел. Ари-ком (в верстах к северо-востоку от Шатана), гора 2400 (в 4 верстах к востоку от селения Ашкан), Джуламерк.”).

sademarkacio xazi ise iqna gavlebuli,

rom igi gadioda an soflebsa da dasaxle-

bul punqtebze, an wyalgamyofebze. Tu wy-

algamyofebi ar iyo, ori geografiuli pun-

qti erTmaneTs swori xaziT ukavSirdeboda.

sademarkacio xazis dadgenisas moxseniebu-

li soflebi, dasaxlebebi, mTebi, mdinaree-

bi da sxv. aRniSnuli iyo osmaleTis armiis

generaluri Stabis rukaze (masStabi 1:200

000). rusuli teqstis dadgenisas gamoye-

benuli iyo igive rukis asli. dadginda, rom

osmaleTis armiis generaluri Stabis mier

gamocemuli rukiT unda exelmZRvanelaT

sazavo xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg war-

moSobili sadavo sakiTxebis gadaWrisas.

10. viTareba 1917 wlis 5 dekembris droebiTi zavis dadebis Semdeg. kavkasiis frontis daSla

amierkavkasiis komisariats da kavkasiis

frontis sardlobas, rogorc zemoT aRvniS-

neT, osmaleTTan droebiTi zavis dadebis

mizniT molaparakebis dawyeba sabWoTa ruse-

Tis mTavrobasTan ar SeuTanxmebia. aman,

cxadia, ukiduresad gaaRiziana sabWoTa

ruseTis politikuri liderebi: vladimir

lenini, ioseb stalini, lev trocki da sxv.

sabWoTa ruseTma bolSevikebis mier ganxor-

cielebuli kontrrevoluciuri saxelmwifo

gadatrialebisTanave 1917 wlis 25 oqtomb-

ers pirvel msoflio omis monawile saxelm-

wifoebs zavis dadebis winadadebiT mimarTa.

cxadi iyo, rom imxanad sayovelTao zavis

dadeba SeuZlebeli iyo, ramac ganapiroba

is, rom sabWoTa ruseTma germaniasTan da

mis mokavSireebTan separatiuli zavis dade-

ba gadawyvita. ruseTis omidan gamosvla

xels ar aZlevda antantas (inglisi, safran-

geTi), Tumca sabWoTa ruseTma mainc Tavisi

gaitana da germaniasTan separatiuli zavis

dadebisaTvis mzadeba daiwyo. 1917 wlis 14

noembers germaniam, romelsac ruseTis omi-

dan gamosvla samxedro-strategiuli Tval-

sazrisiT did upiratesobas aZlevda, sabWo-

Ta ruseTis mTavrobas separatiuli zavis

dadebis mizniT molaparakebaze daeTanxma.

19 noembers sabWoTa ruseTis delegacia ad-

olf ioffes (1883-1927) xelmZRvanelobiT

qalaq brest-litovskSi Cavida, sadac ger-

maniis aRmosavleTis frontis sardlobis

Stabi imyofeboda. 21 noembers daiwyo ger-

maniisa da misi mokavSireebis molaparakeba

sabWoTa ruseTTan. molaparakeba maleve

Sewyda da mxolod 2 dekembers ganaxlda.

1917 wlis 4 dekembers mxareebi SeTanxmd-

nen, rom 28 dRiT sabrZolo moqmedebebs

Sewyvetdnen. ase, rom molaparakeba erZinj-

ansa da brest-litovstkSi paralelurad

mimdinareobda. cxadia, es garkveul uxerx-

ulobas qmnida, imis gamo, rom osmaleTi,

rogorc mxare orive molaparakebaSi monaw-

ileobda. 1917 wlis 12 dekembers, rodesac

erZinjanSi droebiTi zavi ukve dadebuli

iyo, xolo brest-litovstkSi sazavo mo-

laparakeba jer kidev ar iyo dasrulebuli,

general-maior evgeni viSinskim kavkasiis

frontis general-kvartermaisteris meSve-

obiT gaavrcela cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom er-

ZinjanSi sazavo molaparakebisas brest-li-

tovstkSi dawyebuli molaparakebis sakiTxi

ar ganuxilavT.

1917 wlis 5 dekembris droebiTi zavis

dadebis Semdeg, kavkasiis frontis sard-

lobis survilis miuxedavad, ruseTis armi-

is sademarkacio xazze Sekaveba SeuZlebeli

iyo. marTalia jariskacebs ganumartes, rom

droebiTi zavis dadebis miuxedavad SeiZle-

boda sabrZolo moqmedebebi kvlav ganax-

lebuliyo, magram jariskacebis didi naw-

ili frontis mitovebas da Sin dabrunebas

apirebda. 1917 wlis 18 dekembers kavkasiis

- 76 -


armiis sardalma general-leitenantma ilia

odiSeliZem (1865-1925), romelic 1917 wlis 2

oqtombers kavkasiis armiis sardlad dainiS-

na, kavkasiis pirveli saarmio korpusisadmi

sagangebo brZaneba gamosca. brZanebaSi aR-

niSnuli iyo: `kavkasiis pirveli korpusis

nawilebi TviTneburad toveben fronts da

gadian zurgSi ise, rom maTi warmomadgen-

lebisagan Seqmnili komisiis mier dadgenili

rigisa da vadebis dacvac ki ar surT. amitom,

Tu korpusis nawilebi sadme gzaSi, an sari-

yamiSSi ver ipovnian Senobebs (yazarmebs _ v.

g.), purs da SeSas, anda sariyamiSis rkinigzas

gamousadegar mdgomareobaSi naxaven, damna-

Saveni iqnebian TviTon korpusis nawilebi,

radgan maT ar isurves Cemi warmomadgenlebis

mosmena. me da meTaurTa Semadgenlobas urCi

nawilebis ugnur moqmedebaze yovelgvari pa-

suxismgebloba moxsnili gvaqvs~. 1917 wlis

19 dekembers kavkasiis armiis qveiTTa pir-

veli saTadarigo brigadis ufross ebrZana

frontidan Sin mimavali jariskacebisaTvis

iaraRi CamoerTmia.

kavkasiis frontze ganlagebul ruse-

Tis armiaSi wesrigi moiSala. frontis

sardloba iZulebuli gaxda am faqts Segue-

boda. Seqmnil viTarebaSi, rodesac ruseTis

armia kavkasiis fronts tovebda, amierka-

vkasiis komisariatma gadawyvita erovnuli

samxedro formirebebis Seqmna daewyo. es

formirebebi aucilebeli iyo imisaTvis,

rom sabrZolo moqmedebebis ganaxlebis

SemTxvevaSi amierkavkasia osmalebis Se-

memotevisagan daecva. 1917 wlis 30 dekem-

bers general-maiorma evgeni lebedinskim,

romelic kavkasiis frontis mTavarsardlis

mixail prJevalskis kavkasiidan wasvlis Sem-

deg, 1917 wlis dekembridan mis movaleobas

asrulebda, 28 dekembers gamosca brZaneba,

romelic erovnuli samxedro SenaerTebis

Seqmnis gamo kavkasiis armiis daSlis wesebs

gansazRvravda. brZanebis Sinaarsi aseTia:

1. mas visac ar surda kavkasiis

frontze samsaxuri, gaigzavne-

ba iq saidanac gaiwvies armiaSi da

daeqvemdebareba adgilobrivi samx-

edro nawilis meTaurs. am gankar-

gulebis Sesrulebis sistema da

wesi ganisazRvreba yovel konk-

retul SemTxvevaSi, amisaTvis gam-

oyofili xelmZRvaneli pirebis da

daTxovnis komisiis mier;

2. jariskacebis samsaxuridan daTxovna

ganxorcieldeba gansazRvrul pun-

qtebSi, romelsac SearCevs meTaurTa

Semadgenloba da daTxovnis komisia;

3. samxedro samsaxuridan daTx-

ovnilTagan razmebis Seqmna da maT-

Tvis eSelonebis gamoyofva moxde-

ba kavkasiis frontis Stabis mier

gacemuli saxelmZRvanelo miTiTe-

bebis safuZvelze;

4. kavkasiis frontis Turqestanis meo-

re korpusi gadayvanil iqnas Tur-

qestanSi, sadac moxdes samxedro

mosamsaxureTa armiidan daTxovna;

5. kavkasiis frontis 39-e qveiTi da

kavkasiis me-2 msroleli diviziis

qoneba gadaeces formirebis pro-

cesSi myof rusuli korpusis pir-

vel da meore diviziebs. maTve ga-

daeceT kavkasiis frontis pirveli

korpusis qoneba;

6. kavkasiis frontis kazakTa pir-

veli divizia dabrundes mudmivi

dislokaciis adgilze (ruseTSi)

da daeqvemdebaros adgilobriv

samxedro xelmZRvanelobas. kazak-

Ta pirveli diviziis frontidan

gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb damatebiTi

brZaneba gamoicema;

7. kavkasiis frontidan wasuli samxe-

dro nawilebis Stabebis likvidaciis

Sesaxeb brZaneba mogvianebiT gamoi-

cama, brZanebis gamocemamde Stabebs

sruli pasuxismgebloba ekisrebad

samxedro nawilis qonebis dacvaze;

8. kavkasiis frontis aviaciis Sesax-

eb, frontis general-kvartermais-

terTan SeTanxmebiT gankargulebas

gamoscems frontis aviaciis in-

speqtori;

- 77 -


9. rkinigzis muSaobaze pasuxismgeblo-

ba ekisrebaT Sesabamis organoebs;

10. diviziis samxedro meTaurebs, ara

udables diviziis meTaurisa ufle-

ba aqvT miiRon gadawyvetileba da-

sustebuli samxedro nawilis likvi-

daciis Sesaxeb;

11. saboloo zavis dadebamde kavkasiis

frontis dacva daekisroT: somex-

Ta, qarTvelTa, muslimTa, rusTa da

ukrainelTa da sxva erovnebis war-

momadgenelTagan formirebul samx-

edro SenaerTebs.

es brZaneba praqtikulad imas moas-

wavebda, rom sardloba kavkasiis frontis

daSlas Seegua, Tumca kargad xedavda, rom

sabrZolo moqmedebebis ganaxlebis SemTx-

vevaSi erovnuli samxedro formirebebi da-

kisrebul amocanas ver Seasrulebdnen. 1917

wlis 31 dekembers evgeni lebedinskim ka-

vkasiis frontis general-kvartermaisters

sagangebo brZanebiT erovnuli samxedro

formirebebis wesi gaacno. es wesi evgeni

lebedinskis ar SeumuSavebia. am SemTxvevaSi

man mTlianad ixelmZRvanela amierkavkasiis

komisariatis 1917 wlis 18 dekembris dad-

genilebiT, romelsac xels awerdnen evgeni

gegeWkori da dimitri donskoi. brZanebaSi

aRniSnuli iyo:

1. axali samxedro formirebebi iqmne-

boda erovnuli principis mixedviT;

2. garda somxebis, qarTvelebis,

muslimebis, ukrainelebis, po-

lonelebis, berZnebis, asirielebis,

osebis erovnuli samxedro formire-

bebisa dauyonebliv daiwyos rusuli

korpusis formireba;

3. kavkasiis armiis oficrebi da ja-

riskacebi, romelTac aRar surT ka-

vkasiis frontze samsaxuri, Sesabamis

daniSnulebis adgilze damatebiTi

gankargulebis safuZvelze gaigza-

vnebian;

4. erovnul samxedro formirebebSi

Caricxuli oficrebi da jariskace-

bi samxedro samsaxurSi unda darC-

nen saboloo zavis dadebamde;

5. erovnul samxedro formirebebSi

samsaxuri CaiTveleba namdvil samx-

edro samsaxurad;

6. kavkasiis frontze darCenili ofi-

crebisa da jariskacebis material-

uri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis

mizniT sagangebo gankarguleba ga-

moicema;

7. kavkasiis frontze moxaliseTa samx-

edro samsaxuri gaTanabrebulia

kavkasiis armiis oficerTa da ja-

riskacTa samsaxurTan;

8. erovnuli samxedro formirebebis

oficrebsa da jariskacebs iseTive

materialuri uzrunvelyofva eqne-

baT, rogoric aqvT kavkasiis armiis

oficrebsa da jariskacebs. erovnu-

li samxedro formirebebis Sina-

ganawess gansazRvraven Sesabamisi

erovnuli organizaciebi.

11. ruseTis armiis gasvla kavkasiidan

1917 wlis 5 dekembris erZinjanis droe-

biTi zavis Semdeg, rogorc zemoT iyo aR-

niSnuli, ruseTis kavkasiis frontma daS-

la daiwyo. 1917 wlis dekemberSi kavkasiis

frontis mTavarsardlis Tanamdeboba dato-

va infanteriis generalma mixail prJeval-

skim, romelic am Tanamdebobaze kavkasiis

frontis Stabis ufrosma, general-maiorma

evgeni lebedinskim Secvala. frontis sard-

loba praqtikulad jarebs veRar marTavda

da mxolod imas cdilobda, rom kavkasiis

frontidan ruseTisaken jarebi minimalu-

ri wesrigis dacviT mainc gamgzavrebuli-

yvnen da didi raodenobiT oficrebisa da

jariskacebis gadaadgilebaas stiqiuri da

umarTavi xasiaTi ar mieRo, ufro metic,

kavkasiis frontis sardloba imazec ki wav-

ida, rom amierkavkasiis komisariatis azrs

daeTanxma da kavkasiis frontis daSlis Sem-

deg erovnuli samxedro formirebebis Se-

qmna SesaZleblad miiCnia. cxadia, kavkasiis

frontis sardloba am nabijiT jaris uma-

- 78 -


rTavi masisagan raRac nawilis (erovnuli

samxedro formirebebis) gamoyofas cdi-

lobda. erovnuli samxedro formirebebi

samxreT kavkasiaSi darCebodnen da maTze pa-

suxismgeblobas ukve ara frontis sardlo-

ba, aramed saqarTvelos, somxeTis, azerbai-

janis da sxva xalxebis erovnuli sabWoebi

iRebdnen. miuxedavad amisa, kavkasiis fron-

tis sardloba mainc didi problemis winaSe

idga: ruseTSi mimavali kavkasiis frontis

jarebisaTvis unda gamoeyo sarkinigzo eS-

elonebi da SeemuSavebina maTi moZraobis

grafiki. eSelonebi unda gamoyofiliyo ro-

gorc oficrebisa da jariskacebsiaTvis, ise

sakavalerio cxenebisa da SeiaraRebisaT-

vis. morodiorobis Tavidan asacileblad

aucilebeli iyo yoveli eSelonis sursaTiT

momarageba. yvela es sakiTxi ase Tu ise mog-

varebadi iyo. iyo kidev erTi sakiTxi, rom-

lis gadawyveta did siZneleebTan iyo dakav-

Sirebuli. kavkasiis frontze ganlagebulma

samxedro nawilebma 1917 wlis 5 dekembris

dorebiTi zavis dadebis Semdeg SeiaraRebisa

da sabrZolo saWurvlis, aseve sakavalerio

cxenebis didi nawili gayides, magram kidev

darCa SeiaraRebisa da sabrZolo saWurvlis

seriozuli maragi, aseve sakavalerio cx-

enebis didi raodenoba. samxedro nawilebs

yovelive amis ruseTSi gatana undodaT, rac

marto damatebiTi eSelonebis gamoyofis

problemas ar qmnida. somxeTis, saqarTve-

losa da azerbaijanis erovnul sabWoebs ar

surdaT frontidan daZrul ruseTis jar-

ebs Tan hqonodaT SeiraReba da sabrZolo

saWurveli, radgan aravin icoda, Tu ras

moimoqmedebda demoralizebuli da praq-

tikulad ukve morodiorTa brbod qceuli

ruseTis jari. ruseTis jaris SeiraRebas-

Tan erTad jaris gadaadgilebis winaaRm-

degi iyvnen saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis

erovnul sabWoSi. frontidan ruseTis jari

SeiraRebiT daiZreboda Tu SeiraRebis ga-

reSe, amas kavkasiis frontis sardloba ve-

Rar gadawyvetda, radgan armias ukve ja-

riskacTa deputatTa sabWoebi ganagebdnen

da ara generlebi da oficrebi. es ki imas

niSnavda, rom process sruliad umarTavi

xasiaTi SeiZleboda mieRo.

umniSvnelovanesi problema iyo isic,

Tu ra marSrutiT moxdeboda kavkasiis

frontis jarebis gayvana ruseTSi. yvelaze

moxerxebuli da usafrTxo iyo jarebis

gayvana aleqsandropoli (gimri) _ Tbilisi

_ elisavetopoli _ baqos sarkinigzo xaz-

iT. iyo meore savaraudo marSutic: ale-

qsandropoli (gimri) _ Tbilisi _ gori _

samtredia _ baTumi (an foTi). es gza moux-

erxebeli iyo imis gamo, rom imxanad sar-

kinigzo xazi afxazeTze ar gadioda, ris

gamoc ruseTSi jarebis gayvana SeuZlebe-

li iyo. foTSi an baTumSi rusebi gemebSi

unda gadamsxdariyvnen da CrdiloeT Savi

zRvispireTis navsadgurebamde mieRwiaT. es

TavisTavad Zalze rTuli iyo, radganc ka-

vkasiis frontis sardlobas ar SeeZlo ofi-

cerTa da jariskacTa uzarmazari masisaT-

vis baTumsa da foTSi saWiro raodenobiT

gemebi daexvedrebina. gasaTvaliswinebeli

iyo isic, rom omis pirobebSi Sav zRvaze mg-

zavroba uxifaTo ar iyo.

kavkasiis frontidan ruseTis armiis gay-

vanis isedac rTuli procesi moulodnelad

kidev ufro garTulda. sabWoTa ruseTis

politikurma xelmZRvanelobam gadawyvita,

kavkasiis frotidan daZruli jarebi saqa-

rTveloSi, somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi sabWo-

Ta xelisuflebis damyarebisaTvis gamoey-

enebina. SemuSavebuli iqna gegma, romlis

realizeba somex bolSevik stefane Saumians

(1878-1918) daevala. gegmis ganxorciele-

baSi stefane Saumians unda daxmarebodnen

qarTveli, somexi da azerbaijaneli bol-

Sevikebi. gegma aseTi iyo: aleqsandropol-

idan (gimridan) rusi jariskacebiTa da ofi-

crebiT datvirTuli eSelonebi TbilisSi

unda Semosuliyvnen, saidanac maTi nawili

elisavetopolis (ganjis) gavliT faqosaken

gaemarTeboda. rogorc ki pirveli eSeloni

baqos miaRwevda, bolSevikebis gavlenis qveS

moqceuli jariskacTa deputatTa sabWoebis

daxmarebiT daiwyeboda ajanyeba da mTeli

sarkinigzo xazi, masze mdebare qalaqebiT

- 79 -


(elisavetopoli, baqo da sxv.), rusebis xe-

lSi aRmoCndeboda. amis Semdeg gacilebiT

advili iqneboda sabWoTa xelisfulebis

damyareba mTel azerbaijanSi. eSelonebis

meore nawili TbilisSi Semosvlis Semdeg

dasavleT saqarTvelosaken gaemarTeboda

da rogorc ki pirveli eSelonebi sazRvao

navsadgurebs, baTumsa da foTs, miaRwe-

vdnen, aqac daiwyeboda ajanyeba da mTeli

sarkinigzo xazi masze mdebare qalaqebTan

(Tbilisi, gori, xaSuri, samtredia, foTi,

baTumi da sxv.) erTad rusebis xelSi aR-

moCndeboda, ris Semdegac daiwyeboda saqa-

rTvelos mTeli teritoriis okupacia da

sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyareba.

am movlenis Sesaxeb arsebuli qar-

Tuli wyaroebis mixedviT dgindeba, rom

aleqsandropolidan daZruli eSelone-

bi ruseTSi Tbilisi-elisavetopoli-baqos

gavliT ar apirebdnen dabrunebas. stefane

Saumians gadawyvetili hqonda yvela eSelo-

ni Tbilisze gavliT baTumisa da foTisak-

en gaetarebina da pirvel rigSi saqarTve-

los okupacia moexdina. yovel SemTxvevaSi

1917 wlis dekembris bolos saqarTvelos

erovnul sabWoSi stefane Saumianis saidum-

lo gegma am saxiT Seityves. ar aris gamor-

icxuli, rom saqarTvelos erovnul sabWo-

Si stefane Saumianis gegmis yvela detali

zustad ar scodnodaT. dro ar iTmenda da

qarTvelma politikosebmac im informaciis

gaTvaliswinebiT daiwyes moqmedeba, rasac

erovnuli sabWo flobda. erTi ram Tav-

idanve cxadi iyo: formirebis procesSi my-

ofi pirveli qarTuli korpusi da saxalxo

gvardia TbilisSi ruseTis eSelonebis Se-

mosvlas win ver aRudgeboda. TiTqmis yve-

la eSelonSi Ria vagonebze ganlagebu-

li artileriidan rusebi qalaqs cecxls

gauxsnidnen, ris Semdegac Setevaze qveiTi

jari gadmovidoda. saqarTvelos erovnul

sabWoSi SemuSavda metad maxvilgonivruli

gegma: aleqsandropolidan amamlis, Sagalis,

uzunlarisa da sadaxlos gavliT daZru-

li ruseTis jaris eSelonebi TbilisSi ar

unda daeSvaT. amisaTvis saWiro iyo aegoT

ramdenime kilometris sigrZis axali sar-

kinigzo xazi, romlis erTi bolo Tbili-

sidan sakmao manZilis moSorebiT aleqsan-

dropoli-Tbilisis rkinigzasTan iqneboda

SeerTebuli, xolo meore bolo _ Tbili-

si-baqos sarkinigzo xazTan. axali sarkin-

igzo xaziT SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda ale-

qsandropolidan daZruli ruseTis jaris

eSelonebi TbilisSi Semousvlelead ga-

suliyvnen Tbilisi-baqos xazze da gza gae-

grZelebinaT baqosaken. aleqsandropol-

idan daZruli eSelonebi rkinigzelebTan

SeTanxmebiT ise amoZraves, rom im adgils,

saidanac marjvniv axal sarkinigzo xazze

unda gadaexviaT, RamiT miaRwies. rkinigzis

axali xazi swrafad aigo, Tumca am gegmas

Tavisi nakli hqonda: bolosdabolos ruse-

bi xom gaigebdnen, rom TbilisSi Sesvlis

nacvlad elisavetopolSi aRmoCndebodnen

da SeeZloT maT ukan momavali eSelonebi

gaefrTxilebinaT. garda amisa, TbilisSi

rusebis eSelonebis arSeSveba saqarTvelos

did safrTxes acilebda Tavidan, magram se-

riozul safrTxes uqmnida azerbaijans.

damatebiT agebuli sarkinigzo xaz-

iT aleqsandropilidan momavali ruseTis

jaris eSelonebma gaiares sadgurebi aR-

stafa da Zegami da sadgur SamqorTan SeC-

erdnen. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, rusebi

SeaCeres elisavetopolis muslimTa nacio-

naluri komitetis daqvemdebarebaSi myofma

da amierkavkasiis komisariatis mier elis-

avetopolSi winaswar gagzavnilma javSnian-

ma matarebelma. rusebis pirveli eSeloni

Samqors 3 versze 1918 wlis 6 ianvars miuax-

lovda. rogorc Cans, am droisaTvis saqarT-

velosa da azerbaijanis erovnul sabWoebSi

ruseTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad garkveu-

li koordinacia arsebobda. amas gvafiqre-

binebs is, rom 1918 wlsi 6 ianvars muSaTa,

jariskacTa da glexTa deputatTa sabWoe-

bis amierkavkasiis samxareo centris Tavmj-

domarem noe Jordaniam depeSebi daugzavna

muSaTa, jariskacTa da glexTa deputatTa

yvela adgilobriv sabWos. cxadia, depeSa

miiRes elisavetopolSic. ai depeSis teqs-

- 80 -


ti: `vinaidan ruseTSi mimaval samxedro naw-

ilebs Tan miaqvT iaraRi da Tu droebiTi

zavi warmatebiT ar damTavrda, erovnuli

nawilebi SeiZleba ise darCnen, rom sakmao

iaraRi ar eqnebaT frontis dasacavad. mu-

SaTa, jariskacTa da glexTa deputatTa

sabWoebis samxareo centrma daadgina wina-

dadeba misces yvela sabWos, miiRon zomebi

mimavali nawilebisaTvis iaraRis CamosarT-

mevad da yoveli SemTxvevis Sesaxeb acnobon

samxareo centrs~. mogvianebiT noe Jorda-

nia amtkicebda, rom am depeSaze mas xeli ar

mouweria, magram faqtia, rom samxareo cen-

tris gadawyvetileba arsebobda da depeSac

namdvilad daegzavna adgilobriv sabWoebs.

arsebobs meore dokumentic. esaa javSniani

matareblis meTaur rotmist afxazavas de-

peSa elisavetopolSi mdgar muslimTa cx-

enosani polkis meTaur, polkovnik levan

maRalaSvils (1879-1926). depeSa 1918 wlis

7 ianvars 15 saaTzea gagzavnili. afxazava

werda: `modis xuTi SeiaraRebuli eSeloni

qvemexebiT, Seipyres sabWos warmoamdgenle-

bi, movdivar javSniani matarebliT winaaRm-

degobis gasawevad. gTxovT daxmarebas yove-

li gvareobis airaRiT~.

1918 wlis 9-12 ianvars azerbaijanel-

Ta da qarTvelTa jarma ZiriTadad sadgur

SamqorTan, aseve sadgur aRstafasTan cx-

are brZolebis Sedegad erTi cnobiT 2.000,

xolo meore cnobiT 5.000 rusi oficeri da

jariskaci gaanadgures, xelT igdes 15.000

SaSxana, 70 tyviamfrqvevi da 20 qvemexi.

gadarCenilma rusebma sxvadasxva gzebiT

baqomde CaaRwies. 9-12 ianvris brZolebSi

gansakuTrebiT gamoiCines Tavi azerbai-

janis erovnuli sabWos wevrebma adil xan

ziiatxanovma (1870-1957), aslan bei safiki-

urdskim (1881-1937), m. rustambekovma, aseve

polkovnikma levan maRalaSvilma.

rusuli sabWoTa istoriografia da

Tanamderove rusuli istoriografia amt-

kicebs, rom saqarTvelos okupaciis geg-

ma frontidan daZrul ruseTis jarebs ar

hqoniaT. sawinaaRmdegos amtkicebda ioseb

stalini 1918 wlis 26 da 27 marts gazeT

`pravdaSi~ gamoqveynebul werilSi àmier-

kavkasiis kontrrevolucionerebi social-

izmis niRbiT~. stalini werda: `Cven vlapa-

kobT revoluciur jariskacebze, romlebic

TurqeTis frontidan brundebodnen sa-

zavo molaparakebis dawyebis Semdeg. am

jariskacebs unda gamoevloT Tbilisze,

antisabWoTa koaliciis (gulisxmobs amier-

kavkasiis komisariats _ v. g.) dedaqalaqze.

bolSevikebis xelSi isini SeiZleba serio-

zuli safrTxe gamxdariyvnen amierkavkasiis

komisariatis arsebobisaTvis. es safrTxe

savsebiT realuri iyo. da ai aq, am safrTxis

winaSe, gaqra yvela da yovelgvari `social-

isturi saJRaruno~. mJRavndeba koaliciis

kontrrevoluciuri xasiaTi. komisariati

da `nacionaluri sabWoebi~ iaraRs hyrian

frontidan momaval nawilebs, muxanaTurad

utexen maT srolas...~

ase daasrula arseboba kavkasiis front-

ma. ruseTis jarma saqarTvelo datova, ma-

gram arcTu didi xniT.


- 81 -

Vakhtang Guruli

Military-Poli cal situa on on Caucasus front a er revolu on in February-March of 1917

(March 1917-January 1918)

Resume

In February and March of 1917 there was a revolu on in Russia, which crushed down monarchy. At this me The First World War (1914-1918) was s ll going on. From August of 1914 military ac ons were held at Caucasian front between Russia and Turkey. At the me of revolu on during February and March of 1917 Russian army was intruded on the territory of Osman Empire, the front line was stretched from Trabzon to Vani Lake. Russian army (200.000 oficers and soldiers) was dislo-cated on the front line. Great Duke Nikolai Romanov, uncle of the Imperor Nikolai II was Caucasian Deputy of The Tsar and the commander of Caucasian front. Nikolai Romanov was replaced by general Mikhail Prjevalski, who le his post in December of 1917 and from the 5th January of 1918 general Evgeni Lebedinski was the com-mander of Caucasian front.

The process of consolida on of na onal movement and figh ng for indepen-dence was interrupted by Russian army in Caucasus, which was protec ng interests of Russian state and could not accept restora on of independence of Georgia. The situa on remained the same un l Janury of 1918, when Russian army le South Caucasus.


- 82 -

jemal karaliZejemal karaliZe

profesori

baTumis sazavo konferencia (1918 wlis 11 maisi-4 ivnisi)

saqarTvelos Tavisi mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze xSirad uxdeboda brZola

rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi suverenitetis aRdgenisa da dacvisaTvis, ise teritori-

uli mTlianobis SenarCunebisaTvis. XIX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelo ruseTis

SemadgenlobaSi moeqca. qarTvel mamuliSvilTa araerTi Taobis cda aRedginaT damou-

kidebloba, XIX saukunis manZilze uSedego aRmoCnda.

pirveli msoflio omis dawyebis Semdeg

evropaSi moRvawe qarTvelebma Camoayalibes

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komiteti da

aqtiuri saqmianoba daiwyes sanukvari miznis

_ saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukide-

blobis aRsadgenad. germania, romelic msof-

lios xelaxali gadanawilebisaTvis ibrZoda,

aRmosavleTis sakiTxs gansakuTrebul mniS-

vnelobas aniWebda. igi gegmavda ruseTis

gandevnas baltiispireTidan, ukrainidan da

kavkasiidan. aRniSnul regionebSi antiru-

suli ganwyobilebis gaZliereba germaniis

interesebSi Sedioda. jer kidev 1914 w. da-

sawyisSi germaniis mTavrobam davaleba mis-

ca Tavis warmomadgenlebs separatistuli

moZraobebis gaZlierebis Taobaze. msgavsi

davaleba saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebiT

omamde mieca peterburgSi germaniis elCs

purtalessac22. amdenad saqarTvelos damou-

kideblobis komitetis erovnuli interesebi

pasuxoda germaniis sagareo-politikur geg-

mebs. germaniis sagareo saqmeTa saministros

da damkoms Soris molaparakebebis Sedegad

gaformda SeTanxmeba, romliTac germania

22 Ш. И. Басилая. Закавказья в годы первой мировой войны. Сухуми, 1968, стр. 89.

gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi scnobda saqarTve-

los damoukideblobas, Tavis mxriv damkom-

ma ruseTis winaaRmdeg propagandis piroba

dado23. aseve gadawyda germaniis mokavSire

osmaleTSi qarTuli legionis Camoyalibe-

ba, romlis meSveobiTac komiteti apirebda

ruseTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolo operaciebSi

monawileobis miRebas kavkasiis frontze24.

magram damoukideblobis komitetis ger-

manul orientacias saqarTveloSi moqmedma

politikuri Zalebis umravlesobam mxari ar

dauWira. Sesabamisad kavkasiaSi antirusu-

li ajanyebis dawyeba ver moxerxda. 1915-

1916 wlebSi saomari moqmedebebi kavkasiis

frontze ruseTis sasargeblod warimarTa.

magram gaWianurebulma omma Sinapolitiku-

ri viTareba gaamwvava ruseTSi, rasac Se-

degad 1917 wlis Tebervlis demokratiuli

revolucia mohyva. romanovebis dinastiis

batonobasTan erTad dasrulda maTi admin-

istraciuli erTeulis, kavkasiis samefis-

nacvlos, arsebobac. ruseTis xelisufleba-

23 malxaz sioriZe. saqarTvelos damo uki deb-

lobis komiteti (1914-1918). baTumi, gv. 38.

24 revaz grZeliZe. saqarTvelos damouki-

deblobis erovnuli komiteti (1914-1918 ww.). Tbilisi,

1995, gv. 7.

- 83 -

jemal karaliZe jemal karaliZe

Si mosulma droebiTma mTavrobam 1917 wlis

9 martis dadgenilebiT amierkavkasiaSi Se-

qmna gansakuTrebuli komiteti (ozakomi)25.

magram ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam omis

pirobebSi ver SeZlo qveynis gaZRola, ramac

mcirericxovan bolSevikebs SesaZlebloba

misca gadatrialebis gziT 1917 wlis 24-

25 oqtombers aeRoT Zalaufleba. ruseT-

Si Seiqmna bolSevikuri mTavroba v. lenin-

is meTaurobiT. meore dRes, axali stiliT

8 noembers bolSeviebis mTavrobam gamos-

ca dekreti uaneqsio da ukontribucio za-

vis Sesaxeb. axali reJimi ar scnes antan-

tis qveynebma, arc ruseTis generalitetma

da qveynis teritoriuli erTeulebis um-

ravlesobam, maTSoris amierkavkasiamac. aseT

viTarebaSi izolaciaSi moqceulma bolSevi-

kurma mTavrobam, romelic Tavdapirvelad

metad sustad gamoiyureboda, ZiriTad amo-

canad daisaxa omidan saswrafod gamosvla da

mTeli Zalebis mobilizacia qveynis SigniT

Zalauflebis SenarCuneba-ganmtkicebisaTvis.

droebiTi mTavrobis damxobiT uflebamo-

sileba dakarga amierkavkasiis xelisuflebis

organom _ ozakomma. imdroindeli amierka-

vkasiis ZiriTadi politikuri Zalebi ar sc-

nobdnen ra ruseTis axal, bolSevikur reJims

1917 wlis 15 noembers Seqmnes axali mmarTve-

lobiTi organo _ ami erkakasiis komisariati,

romlis xelmZRva nelic gaxdaT cnobili qa-

rTveli menSeviki evgeni gegeWkori.

kavkasiis frontis sardloba mxardaW-

eras ucxadebda amierkavkasiis komisariats,

rogorc oficialur xelisuflebas, magram

male samxedro nawilebSi imZlavra bolSe-

vikTa gavlenam. kavkasiis frontma moSla

daiwyo. aseT viTarebaSi osmaleTis mxaris

winadadeba saomari moqmedebebis Sewyvetis

Taobaze misaRebi iyo rogorc kavkasiis

frontis rusuli sardlobisaTvis, ise am-

ierkavkasiis komisariatisaTvisac. ase ga-

formda 1917 wlis 18 dekembris erzinjanis

xelSekruleba, romelic 14 punqts moicav-

25 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. t. VI.

Tbilisi, 1972, gv. 416.

da26. leninis mTavroba kargad xvdeboda, rom

omis gagrZelebis aranairi SesaZlebloba

ar gaaCnda. amitom daiwyo sazavo molapa-

rakebebi brest-litovskSi germaniasa da

mis mokavSireebTan 1917 wlis 3 dekembers.

SeTanxmdnen droebiTi zavis dadebaze. aqve

miwveul iqna osmaleTis delegaciac. erz-

injanis SeTanxmebis Semdeg osmalebi Cqar-

obdnen amierkavkasiis komitetTan saboloo

zavis gaformebas, raTa aq gamoTavisufle-

buli samxedro Zalebi inglisis winaaRmdeg

gaegzavna siriasa da mesopotamiaSi. amas

moiTxovda misi mokavSire germaniac27. 1918

wlis ianvarSi osmaleTma amierkavkasiis

mTavrobas oficialurad SesTavaza dazave-

bisaTvis molaparakebebis dawyeba, 16 ianvars

ki brest-litovskSi mimdinare molaparake-

bebze delegaciis gagzavna28. magram amierka-

vkasiis mesveurebma es SeTavazeba upasuxod

datoves. rogorc amierkavkasieli, ise `qa-

rTveli politikosebi imedovnebdnen, rom

ruseTSi sabWoTaA wyobileba didxans ver

iboginebda, bolos da bolos SesaZlebeli

gaxdeboda damfuZnebeli krebis mowveva

da demokratiuli wyobilebis damyareba~29.

swored amiT aixsneba amierkavkasiis xeli-

suflebis pasiuroba. amitomac iyo, rom am-

ierkavkasiaSi am dros damoukidebeli poli-

tikuri erTeulebi ar Camoyalibda. saxeze

iyo mxolod sabWoTa ruseTisagan gamdgari

amierkavkasia komisariatiT saTaveSi, rome-

lic Tavs ikavebda damoukideblobis ga-

mocxadebisagan. erTiani ruseTis aRdgenis

motrfiale amierkavkasia ki arc osmaleTs

awyobda da arc germanias. rasac daemata

brest-litovskSi sabWoTa delegaciis mx-

riv, drois gayvanis mizniT, molaparakebis

xelovnurad gaWianureba30.

26 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись , 1919, стр. 18-23.27 samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis

narkvevebi. aWara. t. III. baTumi, 2008, gv. 406.

28 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись , 1919, стр. 52.29 merab vaCnaZe, vaxtang guruli. qarTuli so-

cial-demokratiis istoria (1892-1918). Tbilisi, 1999,

gv. 301.

30 История дипломатии. Москва, 1965, стр. 86-91.

- 84 -


brest-litovskis konferenciaze ger-

maniam da misma mokavSireebma isargebles ra

ruseTis politikuri izolaciiT da sruli

uunarobiT gaewia qmediTi winaaRmdegoba,

wauyenes mas aSkarad kabaluri pirobebi.

amis miuxedavad lenini daJinebiT moiTxo-

vda trockisagan mieRoT germaniis nebi-

smieri moTxovna. aseT viTarebaSi gaformda

1918 wlis 3 marts brestis xelSekrule-

ba, romlis ZaliT ruseTis armias unda

daetovebina anatoliis teritoria. aseve

osmaleTs ubrundeboda 1877-1878 ww. Oomam-

de mis SemadgenlobaSi myofi yarsis, arta-

anisa da baTumis olqebi.

amierkavkasiis xelisufleba rTul vi-

TarebaSi ver gaerkvia. 1918 wlis 6 ianvars

ruseTSi bolSevikebma damfuZnebeli kreba

garekes da Zalaufleba ganimtkices. amis mi-

uxedavad komisariatma osmaleTs SemoTava-

zebul sazavo molaparakebebze uari uTx-

ra. 1918 w. 10 Tebervals sruliad ruseTis

damfuZnebeli krebis amierkavkasieli dep-

utatebisagan komisariatma amierkavkasiis

seimi moiwvia.

1918 wlis 12 Tebervals osmalebma

daarRvies droebiTi zavi da samxedro moq-

medebebi ganaaxles. axla ukve amierkavkasiis

seimma sTxova osmaleTs sazavo molaparake-

bebis dawyeba. osmaleTi Cqarobda brestis

zaviT miniWebuli uflebis realizebas.

gadawyda sazavo molaparakebebis gamarTva

q. trapizonSi. 1918 wlis 8 marts amierka-

vkasiis delegacia a. Cxenkelis meTaurobiT

baTumidan kreiser `karol karliT” trapi-

zonSi Cavida. molaparakebebis mzadebisas

10 marts osmaleTis sardlobam moiTxova

brestis sazavo pirobebis Sesruleba. os-

maleTis delegacia sazRvao departamentis

xelmZRvanelis kapitan husein rauf-beis

xelmZRvanelobiT trapizonSi mxolod 12

marts Cavida31. aSkara iyo, rom osmalebi

brestis sazavo xelsekrulebis gaformebis

Semdeg gamomwvevad iqceodnen. trapizo-

nis sazavo konferencia oficialurad 1918

31 samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis


wlis 14 martidan 5 aprilamde mimdinare-

obda. am xnis manZilze Sedga konferenciis

eqvsi plenaruli sxdoma, ori TaTbiri da

mravali kerZo xasiaTis Sexvedra. molapa-

rakebebi rTul pirobebSi mimdinareobda _

osmaleTis mxare kategoriulad moiTxovda

brestis zavis pirobebis Sesrulebas. am-

ierkavkasiis delegaciis moTxovniT, sa-

kuTar mTavrobasTan SesaTanxmeblad, gad-

awyda konferencia SeewyvitaT garkveuli

xniT. 22 marts delegaciis ramdenime wevri

(r. kaCaznuni, i. haidarovi da g. lasxiSvi-

li) TbilisSi gamoemgzavra seimisaTvis mox-

senebis gasakeTeblad. delegaciis ZiriTadi

nawili a. Cxenkelis meTaurobiT trapizon-

Si darCa da muSaobas ganagrZobda32.

25 marts seimis sxdomam moismina del-

egaciis wevrTa moxseneba trapizonSi mim-

dinare molaparakebebis Sesaxeb. sxdomam

ver miiRo konkretuli gadawyvetileba da

delegaciis meTaurs misca damoukidebeli

moqmedebis sagangebo uflebamosileba33.

Tbilisidan delegacia 29 marts trapizon-

Si faqtobrivad xelcarieli dabrunda. 4

aprils osalebi baTumis olqis sazRvrebSi

SemoiWrnen34.

5 aprils gaimarTa trapizonis kon-

ferenciis bolo, meeqvse sxdoma. osmale-

Tis delegaciam werilobiTi ultimatumiT

moiTxova 48 saaTis vadaSi miecaT pasuxi

teritoriebis gadacemis Taobaze. a. Cxen-

kelma Seqmnili viTareba depeSiT acnoba

e. gegWkors. Tbilisidan pasuxi ar Canda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom amierkavkasiis mTav-

roba winaaRmdegi iyo, brestis zavis cno-

bis gadawyvetilebas amierkavkasiis sazavo

delegaciis yvela wevrma dauWira mxari,

garda haidar abaSiZisa35, romelsac sxdo-

misaTvis Semdegnairad miumarTavs: vaskvni,

32 malxaz sioriZe. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTve-

lo 1914-1918 wlebSi. baTumi, 2002, gv. 206.



34 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись , 1919, стр. 153-152.35 malxaz sioriZe. samxreT-dasavleT saqar-

Tvelo 1914-1918 wlebSi. baTumi, 2002, gv. 12.

- 85 -


rom delegacias ukve gadawyvetili aqvs

aRiaros brest-litovskis xelSekrule-

ba. sxva araferi damrCenia, gamovTqva Cemi

Rrma mwuxareba Tqven mier miRebuli gad-

awyvetilebis _ brestis xelSekrulebis

cnobis gamo. me vlaparakob baTumis olq-

is nawilTan dakavSirebiT, ufro misi ori

monakveTis gamo _ kintriSis da gonios. am

nawilis mosaxleoba saqarTvelos danarCen

nawilTan dakavSirebulia Zalian mWidrod.

revoluciis dasawyisidan, jer kidev 1905

wlidan, baTumis olqis am nawilis demokra-

tia xelixelCakidebuli ibrZoda amierka-

vkasiis demokratiasTan erTad da verc ki

warmoudgenia Tavisi arseboba saqarTve-

los gareT, amierkavkasiis gareT. goniosa

da qobuleTis dabruneba TurqeTisaTvis,

uzarmazari dartyma iqneba aq mcxovrebi

mosaxleobisaTvis. me, rogorc am kuTxis

Svili, rogorc samuslimano saqarTvelos

Svili, sastik protests gamovTqvam Tqveni

gadawyvetilebis gamo36.

amierkavkasiis delegaciis mier brestis

zavis cnobis Semdeg generalma vehib- faSam

Seteva SeaCera da baTumis komendant g. mdi-

vans, qalaqis dacla or dReSi mosTxova. 14

aprils osmalebma baTumi daikaves.

amrigad, trapizonis samSvidobo kon-

ferencia uSedegod damTavrda, mxareTa in-

teresebis mkveTrad gansxvavebulobis gamo.

amierkavkasieli politikosebis azriT, kon-

ferencias unda moetana saboloo zavi os-

maleTTan omamdel sazRvrebSi. am motiviT

isini bolo momentamde eridebodnen kon-

ferenciis CaSlas da danaSaulebriv umo-

qmedobas iCendnen qveynis Tavdacvisunaria-

nobis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi37.

amierkavkasiis mTavrobam yvela SesaZ-

lo nabiji gadadga osmalTa Setevis SesaCe-

reblad: daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa germanias,

ingliss, TviT rsfsr-c. magram uSedegod.

aseT viTarebaSi seimma gamoacxada damou-

36 trapizonis sazavo konferencia (dokumen-

tebis krebuli). gamosacemad moamzada n. zosiZem. ba-

Tumi, 1998, gv. 130.



kidebloba 22 aprils da airCia axali mTav-

roba a. Cxenkelis meTaurobiT. man mimarTa

osmaleTs molaparakebebis ganaxlebis moTx-

ovniT. gadawyda molaparakebebis gagrZele-

ba baTumSi. viTareba Zalze rTuli iyo.

osmalebi ar apirebdnen dakavebuli ozurge-

Tis, axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebidan

jaris gayvanas. am dros ki amierkavkasiis

saxelmwifos aSkarad aklda erTsulovneba.

amierkavkasiis demokratiul federaciul

respublikas Seqmnis dRidan Rrnida winaaRm-

degobani. rogorc ki daisva sakiTxi samoka-

vSireo saxelmwifos SigniT erovnul-ter-

itoriuli gamijvnisa, aSkara gaxda, rom

qarTvelebi, somxebi da azerbaijanelebi

sazRvrebis dadgenisas warmoqmnil proble-

mebs ver gadaWridnen, ver SeTanxmdebodnen.

imTaviTve naTeli gaxda, rom samive eris

politikuri xelmZRvaneloba ver SeTanx-

mdeboda verc sagareo politikuri kur-

sis sakiTxSic: qarTvelebi germanofiluri,

somxebi anglofiluri, xolo azerbaijan-

elebi Turqofiluri sagareo politikuri

kursis mimdevrebi iyvnen. Tu yovelive amas

davumatebT religiur faqtors, cxadi gax-

deba axlad Seqmnili saxelmwifos sisuste,

misi uperspeqtivoba38.

Seqmnil kritikul viTarebaSi erTa-

derT, realur mxardamWerad Ggermania

ikveTeboda. axali ar iyo, rom amierkavka-

siisadmi did interss iCenda osmaleTis

mokavSire da ufrosi partniori germaniac.

amitom, rodesac aSkara gaxda, rom osma-

leTi ar apirebda brestis xelSekrulebiT

dakmayofilebas da kavkasiis dapyrobas

fiqrobda, saqmeSi germanelebic Caerivnen.

maT osmaleTis mTavrobas moTxoves Setevis

SeCereba da amierkavkasiis respublikasTan

sazavo molaparakebis ganaxleba39.

saqarTvel-germaniis daaxloebas real-

uri safuZveli hqonda. saqarTvelos Ger-

mania sWirdeboda TurqeTis agresiisagan

38 merab vaCnaZe, vaxtang guruli. qarTuli so-


gv. 303.

39 malxaz sioriZe. narkvevebi baTumis istori-

idan. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 104.

- 86 -


TavdacvisaTvis, xolo saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg _

damoukideblobis garantad. germanias saqa-

rTvelo sWirdeboda Tavisi aRmosavluri

politikis forpostad40.

baTumis sazavo konferencia mimdin-

areobda or etapad (1918w. 11-26 maisi da

31 maisi _ 4 ivnisi) pirvelad amierkavkasi-

is federaciul respublikas da osmaleTs

Soris, xolo meore etapze am ukanasknelsa

da amierkavkasiis damoukidebel respub-

likebs Soris41. amierkavkasiis delegacias

xelmZRvanelobda a. Csxenkeli, xolo osma-

leTisas _ iusticiis ministri halil-bei;

baTumis konfereciaze germaniamac moav-

lina sakuTari delegacia fon losovis

(germaniis samxedro rwmunebuli konstan-

tinepolSi), graf Sulenburgis (omamde

germaniis generaluri konsuli TbilisSi)

da aRmosavleTis saqmeTa specialistis o.

vezendonkis SemadgenlobiT. maT davalebu-

li hqondaT aelagmaT osmalTa gazrdili

teritoriuli pretenziebi da ar daeSvaT

maTTvis brestis xelSekrulebiT gaTval-

iswinebulze metis daTmoba42.

baTumis konferenciis periodSi, samxe-

dro RonisZiebebTan erTad, osmaleTi cdi-

lobda mieRwia amierkavkasiis federaciuli

respublikis politikuri reorganizaci-

isaTvis, misi kavkasiis erTian saxelmwifod

gardaqmniT. am gegmiT CrdiloeTkavkasieli

muslimanebi azerbaijanelebs SeuerTde-

bodnen, ris Sedegac isini umravlesobaSi

aRmoCndebodnen da kavkasiis saxelmwifoc,

maTi azriT osmalur orientacias daadge-

boda43. am mizniT osmaleTis delegacias

Camohyvnen da konferencias daeswrnen

agreTve axlad gamocxadebuli CrdiloeT

kavkasiis mTielTa respublikis warmomad-

40 merab vaCnaZe, vaxtang guruli. qarTuli so-


gv. 218.41 malxaz sioriZe. narkvevebi baTumis istori-






geneli h. bamati da mTavrobis Tavmjdomare

a. Cermoevi44.

proosmaluri kavkasiis saxelmwifos

Seqmna samomavlod saSiSroebas uqmnida am

regionSi germaniis interesebs, xolo qa-

rTveli da somexi xalxisaTvis aseT saxl-

mwifoSi gaerTianeba damRupveli iqneboda.

amitomac germanelebma osmalur variants

daupirispires kavkasiis federaciuli res-

publikis daSlis da calkeul politikur

erTeulebad dayofis gegma45.

konferenciis gaxsnisTanave gamovlin-

da uTanxmoebebi, rogorc amierkavkasiis da

osmaleTis, aseve am ukanasknelis da germani-

is delegaciebs Soris. amierkavkasiis del-

egacia Tanaxma iyo molaparakeba waremarTaT

brestis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. amave

azris iyo germaniis mxarec. halil-beim ga-

nacxada, rom amierkavkasiis mTavrobam CaS-

ala trapizonis konferencia, ris gamoc

saqme mivida xelaxal samxedro Setakebamde,

daiRvara sisxli, amitom `Semdgomi molapa-

rakeba brest-litovskis zavis moTxovnebs

ver daefuZnebao.” sanacvlod man wamoayena

sazavo xelSekrulebis axali proeqti, rom-

liTac osmalTa xelSi damatebiT unda ga-

dasuliyo axalqalaqis, axalcixis, aleqsan-

dropolisa da eCmiaZinis raionebi46.

konferenciis procesSi dapirispireba

gamoiwvia aleqsandropol-julfis sarki-

nigzo xazis gamoyenebis moTxovnis mizniT

osmaleTis 14 maisis notam:

Нота Оттоманской делегацiи о пропусков турецкой армiи черезъ

Закавказье«Имъю честь Сообщить Вашему Превосхо-

дительству Дословный переводъ письма, полу-ченнаго мною только что отъ его Превосходи-тельства Вехиба-Паши, Главнокомандующаго Оттоманскими армiями На Кавказскомъ фронтъ.







- 87 -


«Его Превосходительству Министру Юсти-цiи, Предсъдателю Омператорской Оттаман-ской делегацiи.

Какъ Вашему Превосходительству извъстно, стратегическая необходимость ръшающей важ ности ставить армiямъ, коими я имъю честь командовать, задачу Противодействовать опера цiиямъ англичанъ въ придълахъ Персiи, а также дъйствiямъ, производяшимся противъ шестой императорской армiи. Считаю долгомъ вслъдствiе сего сообщить Вашему Превосходительству, что я нахожусь во властной необходимости отдать безъ дальнъйшаго Промедленiя приказъ о продвиженiй войскъ, Требуемомъ настоящимъ положенiемъ Совмъстныя усилия, Которыя мы паявили оба, въ теченiе двухъ дней, со всъмъ добрымъ желанiем и искренность, не достигли, къ сожалънiю, для нас возможности использовать дружественнымъ образомъ желъзнодорожную линiю Александрополь _ Джульфа. Между тъмъ я не могу терять ни одной минуты, чтобы намъ эту возможность. Прежде чъмъ отдать приказъ объ осуществленiи этого важного вопроса, находящагося въ тъсной связи съ единствомъ (общимъ планомъ) нашихъ военныхъ операцiй я въ подробностяхъ выяснилъ ръшающiя ихъ причины Г-ну Прудсъдателью Закавказской делегацiи, а равно армянскимъ делегатомъ, при чёмъ, я пояснилъ имъ, что еслибы вопросъ не былъ улаженъ дружественно и немедленно, движенiе, имеющее бить предпринятымъ, не должно отнюдь было бы быть понятымъ. Какъ боевые операцiи. Нынъ, я прошу Ваше Превосходительство, _ каковая просьба и Составляетъ предметъ моего сообщенiя _ немедленно увъдомить кавказскую делегацiю , во избъжанiе того, чтобы она не была непровильно освъдомлена, что продвиженiе войскъ начнётся завтра, съ ранняго утра. Я отдалъ приказъ Командующему фронтомъ, что, если не будетъ противодъйствiя оружiемъ, продвиженiе будетъ очень дружественнымъ, ничъе споко-йствiе и безопасность не будетъ нарушены и мы будемъ уважать и соблюдать право каждого безразлично. Позвольте прибавить

что это движенiе имъетъ исключительно локализированый характеръ: на фронтахъ, кои не составляютъ обект а нашего движенiя, мы отнюдь не покинемъ нашихъ позицiй и , поскольку мы не подвергнемся нападенiю , мы не предпримемъ никакого враждебного дъйствiя.

Благоволите также указать, что я имъю твердую надежду, что эти движенiя, которыя будутъ производимы частью моихъ армiй не встретять отнюдь противодъйствiя и что въ лояльности и безукоризненном поведенiи моихъ войскъ будетъ имъть полную увъренность.»

Доводя до свъдънiя Вашего Превосхо дитель-ства объ изложенномъ, пользуюсь случаемъ ... Хилиль-бей»

Батумъ , 14 мая 1918 года47.

amierkavkasiis delegaciam protesti

gamoTqva am notiT sakuTari suverenite-

tis Selaxvis gamo da moiTxova es sakiTxi

oTxTa kavSiris qveynebs erToblivad ganex-

ilaT:

Протестъ Закавказской делегацiиНижеподписавшiйся, Министръ Иностран-

ныхъ дълъ Закавказское Республики, получивъ сего 15 мая, въ 6 ч. Утра, сообшенiе отъ 14 сего мая касательно прохода турецкихъ войскъ предпринятаго по территорiи Закавказской Республики, имъетъ честь сообщить его Превосходительству Халилъ-Бею, Министру Юстицiи, Предсъдателю Делегацiи Отто-манской Имперiи, что онъ протестуетъ самымъ формальнымъ и самымъ энергичнымъ образомъ противъ этого акта, являющагося прямымъ нарушенiем суверенитета Закавказской Респуб-лики независимость которой Была признана блистательной Портой, какъ это сообщилъ офицiально Правительству Республики Его Превос-ходительство Вехибъ-Мехмедъ-Паша, Гла в но ко-ман дующiй турецкими армiями на Кав казскомъ фронтъ, телеграммой отъ 27 апръля 1918 года.

Нижеподписывшiйся имъетъ честь просить одновременно Его Превосходительство

47 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись , 1919, стр. 270-269.

- 88 -


ХалилЪ-Бея, Сообщить вышеизложенный про-тестъ Императорскому Оттоманскому пра-вительству, а равно другимъ держивать четверного Союза, ....

Это заявленiе дълается, одновременно Генералъ _ Маiору Ф. Лоссову, Предсъдателю делегацiи Германской Имперiи.

А. ЧхенкелиБатумъ 15 мая 1918 г.48

osmalTa pasuxi aseTi iyo:

Отвътъ Оттоманской делегацiи на 1-й меморандумъ Закавказской делегацiи

« .....Моё правительство Настаиваетъ на

своемъ взглядъ, что Брестъ-Литовскiй договоръ не мо жетъ служить исключительной основой нас то ящихъ переговоровъ, Взглядъ, о коемъ мною было Вамъ категорически сообщено въ выше упомянутомъ заседанiи одновременно съ изложенiемъ побуди тельныхъ къ тому основанiй. ....

Присоединенiе въ будущемъ Австро-Вен-грiи и Болгарiи къ договору, составляющему предметъ нынъшиных переговоровъ, есть опять _ таки вопросъ, касающiйся одныхъ толь-ко Союзныхъ правительствъ.

Примите, Г. Предсъдатель, уверенiе въ моемъ высокомъ уваженiи. Халил-бей»

Батумь, 15 мая 1918г. , №15, а.49

amierkavkasiisa da osmaleTis delega-

ciebis mwvave diskusiaSi Carevas cdilobs

germaniis warmomadgeneli:

Письмо начальника Германской делекацiи ген. Фонъ-Лоссова

Председателю кавказской делегацiи.«Въ отвътъ на Ваше письмо отъ 15 сего

моя за №1919 , имъю честь увъдомить васъ, что я сообшилъ, по телеграфу, Императорскому

48 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 271.49 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 273-272.

Правительству, а равно Правительствмъ Ав-стро-Венгрiи и Болгарiи вашъ протестъ противъ вступленiя турецкихъ войскъ на территорiю Закавказской Республики. Вмъстъ съ тъмъ, я обратился къ Начальнику Императорской Оттоманской делегацiи съ нотой, въ коей я высказываю ему свое мнънiе по вопросу о действiяхъ турецкаго правительства.

Лоссовъ”.Батумь, 16 мая 1918г., №113 50

molaparakebis procesSi amierkavkasi-

is delegacia moiTxovda jerovan damok-

idebulebas, rogorc mxarisadmi _

Нота Закавказской делегацiи в дополненiе ко 2-му меморандуму«… 2. Делегацiя Закавказской Республики,

дъйствительно, согласна на заключенiе между Республикой, съ одной, стороны, четырьмя союзными державами с другой, спецiальной конвенцiи (дополнительной къ основному договору), на время продолженiе войны, по нъкоторымъ вопросамъ военнаго значенiя, связаннымъ съ нынъшей общей войной.

3. Делегацiя Закавказской Республики прин имаетъ къ свъдънiю, что необходимость отдъленiе вопросовъ, имъющихъ общiй интересъ для всъхъ союзныхъ державъ и Закавказской Республики, отъ вопросовъ, интересуюшихъ однъхъ лишь От томанскую имперiю и Закавказскую Республику, признана делегацiей Оттоманской имперiи...

Между тъмъ, едва ли возможно отрицать у Закавказья, какъ одной изъ договаривающихся сторонъ, право высказыв аться по вопросамъ, относящимся къ выъясненiю того, съ какою другою договаривающеюся стороною или сторонами называнная сторана предлагаетъ вступить въ договорныя отношенiя .

А. Чхенкели»Батумъ, 17 мая 1918 г. 31251

50 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 278.51 Документы и материалы по внешней политике

- 89 -


osmaleTis mxare amierkavkasiis warmo-

madgenelTa samarTlian protests Semdge-

nairad pasuxobs:

Отвътъ Оттоманской делегацiи на протестъ Закавказской делегацiи«Я имълъ честь получить Ваше письмо

отъ 15 сего моя, заключающее протестъъ, который Ваше Превосходительство сочли необходимымъ сдълать противъ движенiя Турецкихъ войскъ. имеющаго въ виду достичь возможности дружественнаго использованiя желъзнодорожной линiи Александропол _ Джульфа.

Я долженъ, въ ответь, напомнить Ва-шему Превосходительству, что я уже имълъ честь предупредить словесно 13 мая о влас-тной необходимости, въ коей находилось командованiе Оттоманской Армiей, произвести стратегическое движенiе и предложить, однов-ременно дружественное соглашенiя въ этомъ смыслъ, прося дать благопрiятный отвътъ на послъзавтра днёмъ. Не получивъ отвъта, я пос лалъ мое сообшенiе отъ 14 мая, въ ночь, в 2\11 ч., Черезъ посредство моего секретаря. Я, равнымъ образомъ, имълъ случай сдълать такое же заявленiе армянскимъ членамъ Вашей делегацiи. Мы побуждаемся къ этому действiю продолженiемъ всеобщей войны, которая поста-вила Императорскую армiю въ необходимость принять мъры предосторожности противъ угрожающаго движенiя ея враговъ путёмъ мирнаго занятiя указанной линiи.

Что же касается до сегодняшней ноты, то я не могу ещё на неё ответить, такъ какъ считаю, что мнъ необходимо было бы повидаться съ отсутствующимъ въ настояшее время командующимъ Турецкой армiей для обозрънiя фактовъ, въ ней изъясненныхъ . Я не могу, тъмъ не менъе, не указать, что изъ этого документа, кажется мнъ, надлежить сдълать выводъ, что никакого приказа не дано еще войскамъ Закавказской Республики, съ предписаниемъ не противодъйствовать

Закавказья и Грузии, Тифлись , 1919, стр. 282-281.

движенiю Оттоманскихъ армiй. Я долженъ Отклонить отъ себя всякую ответственность за нежелательныя послъдствiя, которыя это замедленiе можетъ произвести на положенiе, и безъ того достаточно тяжкое.

Присовокупляю, что я всё еще готовъ на зак люченiе дружественнаго соглашенiя въ цъляхъ окончанiя борьбы и избiжанiя, такимъ образомъ, непрiятныхъ осложненiй. Примите и проч. Халилъ”.

Батумъ, 17 мая 1918г., № 120, а.52

Seqmnil mwvave viTarebaSi mxareebs So-

ris Suamdgomlobas germaniis warmomad-

geneli generali fon-losovi kisrulobs _

Письмо ген. Фонъ-Лоссова на имя Предсъдателя Закавказское делегацiи

`Батумскiе Переговоры не подвергаются вперёдъ и сношенiя имъвшiя мъсто ме жду оттоманскими и закавказскими Представи-телями, не имъли до сихъ поръ успъха (или не пришли къ концу). Такъ какъ, однако, в интересахъ всъхъ сторонъ достигнут какъ можно скоръе результата, то я имъю честь предложить Вам г. Министръ, мои добрые услуги в качествъ посредника. я прошу Васъ не отказать мнъ в сообщенъи офицiальнымъ порядком готова _ ли Закавказская делегацiя принять моё предложенiе, и пользуюсь этимъ случаемъ, чтобы возобновить, г. Министръ, уверенiе въ высокомъ уваженiи Ф. Лоссовъ.

Батумъ, 19 мая 1918г., № 172 53

swored germaniis CareviT daCqarda

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damou-

kideblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxi. baTum-

Si Cavida noe Jordania. gaecno ra Seqmnil

situacias, gadawyda saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis aRdgena, rasac 1918 wlis

26 maisis istoriuli movlena mohyva. am

droisaTvis aWara da mTeli samxreT-dasav-

52 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 283-282.53 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 293.

- 90 -


leT saqarTvelo, aseve samcxe-saaTaba-

gos didi nawili (borjomamde), osmaleTis

mier iyo okupirebuli54. damoukideblobis

gamocxadebis Semdeg 31 maiss kvlav ganax-

lda molaparakebebi baTumSi. osmaleTis

delegacia ar icvlis pozicias da ase pa-

suxobs ukve damoukidebeli saqarTvelos

delegaciis kanonier moTxovnas:

Отвътъ Оттаманской делегацiиПолучено в 11 час. 55 мин. По Тифлисскому времени 31/VН. Рамишвили«Господину Рамишвили, Председателю гру-

зинской делегацiи и т. д., и т. д.,и т. д.Господинъ Претседатель!Я только что получилъ Ваше письмо,

за №1, въ которомъ Вы мнъ сообщаете о провозглашенiи независимости Грузiи и Вы меня спрашиваете, относится ли нота Им-ператорской Отттоманской делегацiи ад-ре сованная 26 мая с. г. За №31 делегацiи За-кавказской Республики, въ равной степени и къ новой Грузинской Республикъ.

Въ ответъ, я имъю честь увъдомить Васъ, что такъ какъ провозглашенiе каждаго государства изъ Конфедерацiи, составляющей федеративную Закавказскую Республику, ниче-го не мъняетъ въ условiяхъ, обусловившихъ предъявленiе вышеупомянутой ноты отъ 26 мая, Императорская делегацiя считаетъ, что она относится естественно и къ Грузинской Республикъ.

Вследствiе истеченiя срока, назначеннаго въ названной нотъ, прошу прислать мнъ отвътъ самое позднее къ 12 час. ночи сего вечера.

Примите, Господинъ претсъдателъ, увъре-нiе въ моёмъ глубокомъ почтенiи.

Халилъ.Батумъ, 31 мая 1918г., № 33, с.55

54 vaxtang guruli. saqarTvelos sazRvrebi

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi (1918-1921). Tbilisi,

2013, gv. 9.

55 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 340.

saqarTvelos delegacia 1918 wlis

31 maisis sapasuxo notiT gamoxatavs os-

maleTTan keTilmezobluri urTierTobebis

mzadyofnas56.

1918 wlis 4 ivniss baTumSi gaformda

osmaleTsa da saqarTvelos respublikas So-

ris mSvidobisa da megobrobis xelSekrule-

ba, romelic moicavda 12 ZiriTad muxls, 3

danarTs 19 muxliT, damatebiT xelSekrule-

bas 6 muxliT da damatebiTi xelSekrulebis

danarTs 14 punqtiT. xelSekrulebas calke

erTvis dadgenilebebi baqo-baTumis navTob-

sadenisa da amierkavkasiis sarkinigzo xazis

moZravi Semadgenlobebis funqcionirebis

Sesaxeb57.

xelSekrulebis pirveli muxli miu-

TiTebda:

Статья 1. Между Императорскимъ Оттоманскимъ

Правительствомъ и Грузинской Республикой будетъ прочный миръ и постоянная дружба.58

Tu yuradRebiT gavecnobiT xelSek-

rulebis srul teqsts naTeli gaxdeba ro-

mel `mtkice mSvidobasa da mudmiv mego-

brobaze“ SeiZleba iyos saubari xelmomwer

mxareebs Soris.

xelSekrulebis meore muxli adgenda

saqarTvelosa da osmaleTs Soris saxelm-

wifo sazRvars:

Статья 2.Следуюшщая пограничная линiя Разделяет

Оттоманскую империю отъ республикъ Грузiи, Арменiи Азербайджана. Граница начинается тамъ, гдъ ръка Чолокъ впадаетъ въ Чёрное море, и совпадаетъ со старой границей до войны 1877 г. между Оттоманской Имперiуй и россiей до горы Шавнобудъ и, проходя по вершинамъ горъ, достигаетъ горъ Хальхама и Мепискаро(

56 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 341-340.57 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 365-343.58 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 344.

- 91 -


по гранецъ 1856 г.) тамъ она поворачиваетъ къ югу, проходит по вершинъ горы Пирсагадъ и въ 2-хъ километрахъ къ югу отъ Абастумана, поворачивая на съверо-востокъ, доходитъ до горы Кархульдагъ; отсюда , направляюсь сначала на 5 километровъ къ съверо-востоку и потомъ къ юго-востоку, достигаетъ мъстности Горкель, пересекаетъ реку Куру въ 2-хъ километрахъ к югу от Ацкуръ ....

Окончательное опредъленiе пограничной линiи будетъ совершаться на мъстахъ же комиссiей, состоящей изъ членовъ объих сторонъ...59

aRsaniSnavia, rom danarTisa da da-

matebiTi SeTanxmebis muxlebic xazs usvams

osmalTa upiratesobas, gansakuTrebiT iseT

sakvanZo sakiTxebSi, rogoric iyo religiu-

ri da samxedro xasiaTis:

Статья 6Въроисповъданiя и обычаи Мосульманъ,

проживающихъ въ Грузiи будутъ уважаемы. Имъ будетъ обеспечена свобода совъсти и отправленiя богослуженiя.

Имя Его Императорского Величества Султана будетъ произноситься в публичныхъ молитвахъ мусульманъ.60

Дополнительный договоръ между Оттоманской Имперiй и Грузинской

РеспубликиСтатья 1

Правительство Грузинской Республики приступить немедленно къ демобилизацiи своихъ войскъ. Ихъ численный составъ, равно какъ и во ен-ные округа, куда они будутъ назначены, Будутъ установлены, на все время все время всеобшей войны, по соглашенiю между Императорскимъ Оттоманскимъ Правительствомъ и Правитель-ствомъ Грузин ской Республики.

Оттоманское Правительство будетъ

59 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 345-344.60 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 346.

дер жать на Границахъ Грузiи войско только въ количествъ, необходимомъ для охраны границъ въ мирное время....

Одишелидзе. Вехибъ.

Батумъ, 4 Июня 1918 г.61

baTumis xelSekruleba yovelmxriv

mZime iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli re-

spublikisaTvis. imxanad Seqmnil urTules

samxedro-politikur viTarebaSi saqarTve-

lo iZulebuli gaxda, daedo damamcirebeli

zavi. osmaleTis mier okupirebuli teri-

toriis omis gziT dabruneba saqarTvelos

imxanad ar SeeZlo. osmaleTis mier wamoy-

enebuli pirobebis miRebas urCevda saqa-

rTvelos mokavSire germania. osmaleTTan

urTierTobis mogvarebis gareSe saqarTve-

los demokratiul respublikas saerTaSor-

iso asparezze damkvidrebis mizniT pirveli

nabijebis gadadgma gauWirdeboda62.

amitom gaxda saqarTvelos demokrati-

uli respublikis mTavroba iZulebuli gae-

formebina esoden mZime xelSekruleba, ro-

melmac Zala dakarga 1918 wlis oqtomberSi,

mas Semdeg rac osmaleTi pirvel msoflio

omSi damarcxda da iZulebuli gaxada mud-

rosis zavze moewera xeli.

61 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлись, 1919, стр. 358.62 vaxtang guruli. saqarTvelos sazRvrebi

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi (1918-1921). Tbilisi,

2013, gv. 10.

- 92 -

Jemal Karalidze

Batumi Peace Conference (11 May - 4 June, 1918)

Resume

During many centuries, Georgia struggled to protect state sovereignty and ter-ritorial integrity. From this perspec ve, the period 1918-1921 is the most important.

The interna onal situa on created at the end of the First World War made it possible to fulfill the wish of Georgian patriots _ Restora on of Georgian State Independence.

A er the Bolsheviks’ come to power in Russia and a er signing the Treaty of Brest, the situa on in Transcaucasia became tense. The O oman Empire categor-ically demanded giving back the territories under the terms of the Treaty of Brest. The a empt of the Transcaucasian authori es to reach the agreement with the Ot-toman Empire at Trabzon Conference ended without results.

Nego a ons con nued at Batumi Peace Conference and had two stages. From the beginning of the conference, it was clear that O oman Empire was not going to give up. More than that, the O oman Empire was not sa sfied with the Treaty of Brest and demanded new territories.

In this cri cal situa on, German representa ves’ advice was taken into consid-era on, which ended in dissolu on of Transcaucasian Socialist Federa ve Republic. Georgia gained independence.

The ar cle deals with the descrip on of Batumi Peace Conference and its re-sults.

jemal karaliZejemal karaliZe

- 93 -

saqarTvelos parlamentma 1918 wlis 22

noembers miiRo damfuZnebeli krebis arCev-

nebis debuleba63. debuleba aTi Tavisgan

Sedgeba. debulebis mixedviT arCevnebi saqa-

rTveloSi unda yofiliyo sayovelTao (orive

sqesis monawileobiT), Tanaswori, pirdapiri

da faruli. damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad

unda aerCiaT 130 deputati. arCevnebSi xmis

micema SeeZlo saqarTvelos moqalaqes 20

wlis asakidan, Tu is 1914 wlis 19 ivlisamde

(Zveli stiliT) miwerili iyo saqarTvelos

romelime teritoriaze. arCevnebSi monawil-

eobis ufleba ar hqonda regularul jar-

Si myof pirebs, giJad Seracxilebs, Wkuidan

SeSlilebs, yru-munjebs (Tu isini sxvisi mz-

runvelobis qveS imyofebodnen), sasjelmis-

jilebs, kerZod: katorRamisjilebs sasje-

63 saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli. 1918-1921. Semdgene-

li e. gurgeniZe. Tbilisi, 1990, gv. 84.

lis gasvlidan 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi; visac

misjili hqonda gada saxleba, sasjelis mox-

da gamasworebel saxlSi sasjelis moxdidan

5 wlis ganmavlobaSi. xmis ufleba CamoerT-

vaT aseve qurdobisTvis dasjilebs, qonebis

mimTviseblebs, gamflangvelebs, sasjelmis-

jilebs siyalbisTvis, mevaxSeobisTvis, qr-

Tamis aReba-micemisTvis, garyvnilebis xe-

lSewyobisTvis.

arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba Camo-

erTvaT pirebs, romlebic braldebuli

iyvnen sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebebis,

TviTmarTvelobis organos arCevnebTan da-

kavSirebiT, sasjelis moxdidan 3 wlis gan-

mavlobaSi; samxedro pirebs, romlebic samx-

edro samsaxuridan gaiqcnen.

saarCevno komisiebi

arCevnebis Casatareblad Seiqmna res-

publikis centraluri, saqalaqo, samazro,

levan jiqia levan jiqia istoriis doqtori

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi (1919 წ.)

1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelom erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba aRidgina. dakomple-

qtda koaliciuri mTavroba sxvadasxva politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebisa-

gan, sakanonmdeblo organos funqcia daekisra ufro adre formirebul saqarTvelos

erovnul sabWos, romelsac 1918 wlis 8 oqtombers saqarTvelos parlamenti ewoda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos parlamenti aerTianebda politikuri partiebis,

regionebis, eTnikuri umciresobebis, religiuri aRmsareblobebis warmomadgenlebs, is

mainc ver CaiTvleboda umaRlesi legitimaciis sakanonmdeblo organod, radgan ar iyo

mosaxleobis mier arCeuli. Sesabamisad, gadawyda saqarTveloSi damfuZnebeli krebis

arCevnebi Catarebuliyo.

- 94 -

levan jiqia levan jiqia

soflis sazogadoebisa da soflis wvrili

saarCevno komisiebi. soxumisa da zaqaTa-

lis olqebSi arCevnebis Catareba daevala

soxumisa da zaqaTalis saolqo saarCevno

komisiebs.

respublikis centraluri saarCevno

komisia airCa saqarTvelos parlamentis

21 wevrisagan. komisia Tavisi Semadgen-

lobidan TviTon irCevda Tavmjdomares,

Tavmjdomaris moadgiles, mdivansa da

xazinadars64. komisiis Tavmjdomared air-

Cies social-demokrati aleqsandre lom-

TaTiZe, moadgiled _ socialist-revolu-

cioneri ivane gobeCia, xazinadrad _

erovnul-demokrati giorgi gvazava, mdivnad

_ social-demokrati _ ana soloRaSvili65.

centralur saarCevno komisias dae-

matnen im politikuri partiebis warmo-

madgenlebi, romlebic daregistrirdnen

arCevnebSi.

centraluri saarCevno komisiis fun-

qciebi Semdegnairad ganisazRvra: arCevnebis

momzadebaze da msvlelobaze kontroli,

samazro, saqalaqo da saolqo komisiebis

droulad Seqmnaze da maT muSaobaze meT-

valyureoba; saolqo, samazro da saqalaqo

komisiebis mier saarCevno ubnebis danaw-

ilebis damtkiceba; vadebis gansazRvra,

rodis unda daewyoT saqalaqo da soflis

wvril komisiebs saarCevno siebis Sedgena,

gamoqveyneba da am procesze kontroli;

politikuri partiebis mier warmodgenili

sakandidato siebis miReba da ganxilva, maTi

danomvra, gamoqveyneba, am informaciis mi-

wodeba masze daqvemdebarebuli komisiebi-

sTvis; gankargulebis gacema saarCevno kon-

vertebis, saarCevno baraTebis da yuTebis

damzadebaze; xmebis daTvlaze kontroli,

gamarjvebulis gamovlena; damfuZnebel

krebaSi arCeuli deputatebis siis Sedge-

na da maTTvis saTanado mandatis gadacema;



li e. gurgeniZe. Tbilisi, 1990, gv. 86-87.

65 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba. 1919.

Tbilisi, 2016, gv. 18.

arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT Sedgenili yvela

dokumentaciis damfuZnebeli krebisaTvis

gadacema; arCevnebis Casatareblad xazini-

dan gamoyofili Tanxebis gankargva66.

samazro saarCevno komisia dakompleqt-

da erobis gamgeobis wevrebidan, xolo iq,

sadac erobis reforma jer kidev ar iyo

gatarebuli samazro qalaqis TviTmmarTv-

elobis gamgeobas daevala Seeqmna komisia

mazraSi moqmedi yvela politikuri partiis

warmomadgenlebisagan. samazro komisia Tav-

isi Semadgenlobidan irCevda Tavmjdomares,

Tavmjdomaris moadgiles, xazinadarsa da

mdivans. samazro komisiis SemadgenlobaSi

aseve Sevidnen daregistrirebuli politi-

kuri partiebis an jgufebis TiTo warmo-

madgenlebi.

samazro saarCevno komisiebs evalebo-

daT: sasoflo sazogadoebis da wvrili sa-

soflo saarCevno komisiebis Seqmna da ma-

Tze kontroli; soflis sazogadoebis da

wvrili soflebis saarCevno ubnebad day-

ofis informaciis miwodeba centraluri

saarCevno komisiisaTvis; saarCevno siebis

Sedgena da gamoqveyneba; saarCevno yuTebis

damzadeba da dagzavna; saarCevno siebTan

an sxva sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Semosuli

gancxadebebisa da saCivrebis ganxilva; amom-

rCevlebisTvis sakandidato siebis gacnoba;

mazraSi gamarjvebulis gamovlena; arCev-

nebTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili dokumentaci-

is centraluri saarCevno komisiisTvis ga-

dacema67.

im qalaqebSi, romelTa mosaxleoba 2

000 aRemateboda unda daarsebuliyo cal-

ke mTavari saqalaqo saarCevno komisia,

romelsac daakompleqtebda qalaqis sabWo

Tavisi Semadgenlobidan sxvadasxva poli-

tikur partiaTa warmomadgenlebisagan.

qalaq TbilisSi saqalaqo saarCevno komis-

ia dakompleqtda cxra wevrisgan, quTaissa







- 95 -


da foTSi _ Svid-Svidi wevrisgan, xolo

danarCen qalaqebSi _ xuTi wevrisgan. saqa-

laqo komisiebs Tavisi Semadgenlobidan

unda amoerCiaT Tavmjdomare, Tavmjdom-

aris moadgile, xazinadari da mdivani.

debulebis Sesabamisad saqalaqo saarCev-

no komisiebSi Sediodnen im politikuri

partiebisa da jgufebis warmomadgenlebi,

romelTac centralur saarCevno komisias

warudgines sakandidato siebi.

saqalaqo saarCevno komisiebSi Tavmj-

domaris moadgilis arCeva savaldebulo

iyo mxolod Tbilisis, quTaisisa da foTis

saarCevno komisiebSi.

saqalaqo saarCevno komisiebis fun-

qciebi Semdegnairad ganisazRvra: Sesabami-

si qalaqis saarCevno ubnebad dayofa; maT

daqvemdebarebaSi myofi saarCevno komis-

iebze kontroli; informaciis wardgena

centralur saarCevno komisiaSi Sesabami-

si teritoriis saarCevno ubnebad dayofis

Sesaxeb; amomrCevelTa siebis Sedgena da ga-

moqveyneba; saarCevno yuTebis damzadeba da

ganawileba; amomrCevelTa siebTan da saubno

saarCevno komisiebis mier kanonis darRvev-

asTan dakavSirebiT Semosuli gancxadebebis

ganxilva; amomrCevlebisTvis sakandidato

siebis droulad gacnoba; arCevnebSi gamar-

jvebulis gamovlena; arCevnebTan dakav-

SirebiT Seqmnili yvela dokumentaciis cen-

tralur saarCevno komisiaSi gadagzavna.

qalaqis teritoriaze Seqmnili saubno

saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomares niSnavda

saqalaqo saarCevno komisiis prezidiumi,

xolo saqalaqo saarCevno komisiis Tavmj-

domare, Tavis mxriv, qmnida komisias qalaq-

is masStabiT moqmedi politikuri partiebis

war momadgenlebisagan. komisia Tavisi Se-

ma d genlobidan irCevda Tavmjdomaris mo-

ad gilesa da mdivans. saubno saarCevno

ko misiis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen centra-

lur saarCevno komisiaSi daregistrire-

buli politikuri partiebis an jgufebis

warmomadgenlebi.

qalaqis teritoriaze arsebuli saub-

no saarCevno komisiis movaleoba iyo

saarCevno baraTebis (biuletenebis) daTv-

la da arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili

dokumentaciis saqalaqo saarCevno komi-

siisaTvis gadacema68.

soflis sazogadoebis saarCevno komi-

sias akompleqtebda samazro saarCev-

no komisia Svidi wevris SemadgenlobiT.

komisia Tavisi Semadgenlobidan irCevda

Tavmjdomares, mdivansa da xazinadars.

komisiaSi sruluflebiani wevris saxiT

Sediodnen im politikuri partiebis an

jgufebis TiTo warmomadgenlebi, rom-

lebmac sakandidato sia warudgines cen-

tralur saarCevno komisias.

soflis sazogadoebis saarCevno komi-

sias evaleboda: wvrili sasoflo er-

TeulebisaTvis saarCevno masalisa da

saarCevno yuTebis miwodeba; Tavisi saarCev-

no teritoriis saarCevno ubnebad dayo-

fa da am informaciis miwodeba samazro

saarCevno komisiisTvis; wvrili sasoflo

saarCevno komisiebis Sedgena; amomrCevel-

Ta siebis Sedgena da amomrCevelTa aRwer-

aze momuSave jgufis muSaobaze kontroli;

saarCevno baraTebis winaswar daTvla; sa-

Civrebis miReba da misi samazro saarCevno

komisiisaTvis gadacema; arCevnebTan daka-

vSirebiT Seqmnili dokumentaciis samazro

saarCevno komisiaSi gadagzavna.

wvril sasoflo saarCevno komisias

akompleqtebda soflis sazogadoebis saar-

Cevno komisia samazro saarCevno komisi-

asTan SeTanxmebiT. komisia xuTi wevrisa-

gan unda dakompleqtebuliyo. aRniSnuli

komisia iqmneboda igive principiT, rogorc

sxva komisiebi. wvril sasoflo saarCevno

komisiis moqmedebis areali 2-3 versis ra-

diusiT Semoifargleboda. wvril sasoflo

saarCevno komisiaSi sruluflebiani wevris

statusiT Sediodnen im politikuri par-

tiebis an jgufebis TiTo warmomadgenle-

bi, romelTac sakandidato sia wardgenili

hqondaT centralur saarCevno komisiaSi.




- 96 -


wvril sasoflo saarCevno komisiis mov-

aleobas Seadgenda: amomrCevelTa aRweraze

momuSave jgufisaTvis yovelmxrivi dax-

marebis aRmoCena; saarCevno yuTidan amoRe-

buli konvertebis daTvla (gauxsnelad) da

maTi raodenobis Sefardeba amomrCevelTa

raodenobasTan; arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT

Seqmnili dokumentaciis soflis sazoga-

doebis saarCevno komisiisaTvis gadacema69.

soxumis saolqo saarCevno komisia

unda Seeqmna qalaq soxumis gamgeobas cxra

wevris SemadgenlobiT olqis teritoriaze

moqmed politikur partiaTa Soris ZalTa

ganwyobilebis mixedviT. soxumis saolqo

saarCevno komisia Tavisi Semadgenlobidan

irCevda Tavmjdomares, Tavmjdomaris

moadgiles, mdivansa da xazinadars. sox-

umis saolqo saarCevno komisiaSi srulu-

flebiani wevris statusiT Sediodnen im

politikuri partiebis an jgufebis TiTo

warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac sakandida-

to sia hqondaT wardgenili centralur

saarCevno komisiaSi.

soxumis saolqo saarCevno komisias ise-

Tive movaleobebi hqonda, rogorc samazro

saarCevno komisias.

zaqaTalis saolqo saarCevno komis-

ia unda Seeqmna respublikis centralur

saarCevno komisias olqis teritoriaze

moqmed politikur partiaTa Soris ZalTa

ganwyobilebis mixedviT cxra wevris Semad-

genlobiT. komisia Sedgeboda Tavmjdomar-

is, Tavmjdomaris moadgilis, mdivnisa da

xazinadrisagan.

zaqaTalis saolqo saarCevno komisia-

Si sruluflebiani wevris statusiT unda

Sesuliyvnen im politikuri partiebis an

jgufebis TiTo warmomadgenlebi, romleb-

mac centralur saarCevno komisiaSi waradg-

ines sakandidato siebi.

zaqaTalis saolqo saarCevno komisias

iseTive movaleobebi hqonda, rogorc samaz-

ro saarCevno komisias.




soxumisa da zaqaTalis olqebSi sof-

lis sazogadoebisa da wvrili sasoflo

saarCevno komisiebis dakompleqtebis wesi

da movaleobebi iseve ganisazRvra, rogorc

mazrebis teritoriaze arsebuli saarCevno

komisiebisaTvis70.

saarCevno siebi

amomrCevelTa siebi cal-calke dgebo-

da TiToeul saarCevno ubanSi. dauSvebeli

iyo amomrCevlis or sxvadasxva siaSi Seyva-

na. amomrCevelTa siebis Sedgena evaleboda

qalaqebSi qalaqis mTavar saarCevno komi-

sias, soflebSi _ Sesabamis samazro saarCev-

no komisias, soxumisa da zaqaTalis olqebSi

_ saolqo saarCevno komisias.

amomrCevelTa siebis Sedgenaze muSao-

bis dawyebas gansazRvravda respublikis

centraluri saarCevno komisia.

amomrCevelTa siaSi unda SeeyvanaT

saarCevno uflebis mqone is amomrCeveli,

romelic konkretuli saarCevno ubnis ter-

itoriaze cxovrobda amomrCevelTa siis

Sedgenis dawyebamde, Tundac droebiT yo-

filiyo am teritoriidan wasuli.

vinc saarCevno ubanSi amomrCevelTa

siebis Sedgenis dawyebis Semdeg dabrunde-

boda konkretul teritoriaze, SesaZle-

beli iyo misi amomrCevelTa siaSi Seyvana,

Tu warudgenda Sesabamis gancxadebas saub-

no saarCevno komisias. msgavsi gancxadebis

wardgena komisiaSi SesaZlebeli iyo amom-

rCevelTa siebis gamoqveynebidan xuTi dRis

ganmavlobaSi. aseT ganmcxadebels unda

warmoedgina aseve meore gancxadeba, rom-

lis mixedviT is unda amoeRoT Zveli sacx-

ovrebeli adgilis teritoriaze Sedgenili

amomrCevelTa siidan.

amomrCevelTa siaSi dafiqsirebuli

unda yofiliyo amomrCevlis gvari, saxeli,

mamis saxeli, wlovaneba, erovneba, sarwmu-

noeba, icoda Tu ara wera-kiTxva, romeli

skola hqonda damTavrebuli, profesia, sad




- 97 -


iyo miwerili 1914 wlis 19 ivlisamde (Zveli

stiliT). gvarebi siaSi anbanuri Tanmimdev-

robiT unda yofiliyo dalagebuli.

savaldebulo iyo amomrCevelTa siis

arCevnebamde ormoci dRiT adre gamo-

qveyneba, raTa yvelas SeZleboda misi drou-

lad gacnoba. siis gamoqveynebidan aTi dRis

ganmavlobaSi adgilobrivi administraciis

warmomadgenlebs SesaZlebloba eZleodaT

protesti ganecxadebinaT amomrCevelTa

siis sisworesTan dakavSirebiT, xolo xmis

uflebis mqone amomrCevels SesaZlebloba

hqonda saCivari Seetana, rom sia arasworad

iyo Sedgenili an ar iyo srulyofili. pro-

testebisa da saCivrebis Setana samazro an

saqalaqo (soxumisa da zaqaTalis olqebi-

saTvis _ saolqo) saarCevno komisiebSi iyo

SesaZlebeli71.

sakandidato siebi

amomrCevels SeeZlo mxolod erTi kan-

didatisTvis mieca xma. sakandidato siis

centralur saarCevno komisiaSi wardgena

SesaZlebeli iyo arCevnebamde araugvianes

ocdaaTi dRiT adre. TiToeul politikur

partias centralur saarCevno komisiaSi

unda waredgina xmis uflebis mqone ormoc-

daaTi mxardamWeris xelmowera, sadac mi-

eTiTeboda amomrCevlis gvari, saxeli, mamis

saxeli da sacxovrebeli adgili. saval-

debulo iyo aseve sakandidato siaSi Set-

anili piris werilobiTi gancxadeba, rom is

Tanaxma iyo eyara kenWi. Tu erTi da imave

amomrCevlis xelmowera aRmoCndeboda er-

Tze met sakandidato siaSi, namdvilad miiC-

neoda is xelmowera, romelic yvelaze adre

Sevidoda centralur saarCevno komisiaSi.

sakandidato siis Semomtan jgufs SeeZlo

daesaxelebina Tavisi warmomadgeneli cen-

tralur saarCevno komisiaSi. Tu jgufi ar

daasaxelebda warmomadgenels, maSin aseTad

CaiTvleboda piri, romelsac pirvels hqonda

mxardamWeris gancxadebaze xeli mowerili.




dauSvebeli iyo erTi kandidatis or si-

aSi Seyvana.

Tu centralur saarCevno komisiaSi

wardgenili sakandidato sia xarvezs Sei-

cavda, es ecnobeboda jgufis warmomad-

genels sami dRis ganmavlobaSi. xarvezebis

gasworeba SesaZlebeli iyo arCevnebamde

araugvianes ocdaoTxi dRisa.

sakandidato siebi centraluri saarCev-

no komisiis mier unda danomriliyo maTi

wardgenis rigiTobis mixedviT. sakandidato

siebi centraluri saarCevno komisiis Seno-

baSi unda gamoqveynebuliyo arCevnebamde

araugvianes ocdasami dRisa da es informa-

cia unda miewodebinaT samazro, saolqo da

saqalaqo saarCevno komisiebs72.

damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebze poli-

tikuri partiebis rigiTi nomeri ganisaz-

Rvra Semdegnairad:

1. saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli

muSaTa partia;

2. saqarTvelos erovnul-demokrati-

uli partia;

3. saqarTvelos socialist-revoluci-

onerTa partia;

4. somxeTis revoluciuri federacia

`daSnakcutiunis~ saqarTvelos bi-

uro;

5. saqarTvelos socialist-federal-

istTa sarevolucio partia;

6. saqarTvelos muslimTa erovnuli

sabWo;

7. saqarTvelos radikal-demokrati-

uli glexTa partia;

8. saqarTvelos miwis mesakuTreTa

erovnuli partia;

9. saqarTvelos memarcxene socialist-

federalistTa `maSvralTa~ partia;

10. saqarTvelos erovnul-xalxosnuri

da sazogadoebriul-Temosnuri So-

Ta rusTavelis partia;

11. damoukidebelTa (upartioTa) kavSi-

ri;




- 98 -


12. borCalos mazris mcxovreb muslim-

Ta jgufi;

13. ruseTis social-demokratiuli mu-

SaTa partia (bolSevikebis);

14. esTetiuri liga patriotebisa;

15. saqarTvelos elinTa demokratiuli

jgufi73.

politikur partiebs an jgufebs See-

ZloT arCevnebamde araugvianes TxuTmeti

dRisa SeerTebinaT sakandidato siebi da

es informacia miewodebinaT centraluri

saarCevno komisiisTvis. aucilebeli iyo

siebis gaerTianebis msurveli TiToeuli

jgufis warmomadgenlis werilobiTi Tanx-

moba. centraluri saarCevno komisia val-

debuli iyo sakandidato siebis gaerTianebis

Sesaxeb informacia gaesajarovebina gancxa-

debis miRebidan araugvianes meore dRisa74.

saarCevno baraTebis (biuletenebis) gacema da daTvla

saarCevno baraTis nimuSs adgenda da

aqveynebda centraluri saarCevno komisia

arCevnebamde araugvianes ocdaTxuTmeti

dRisa.

TiToeuli saarCevno baraTi Seicavda

gamoqveynebul sakandidato sias, masSi cvl-

ilebis Setana dauSvebeli iyo. saarCevno

baraTSi miTiTebuli iyo warmomdgeni orga-

nizaciis saxeli da miniWebuli nomeri.

konvertebi saarCevno baraTebisTvis

iyo erTnairi, gaumWvirvale, sufTa, romel-

zec centraluri saarCevno komisiis beWedi

unda yofiliyo dasmuli.

yvela daregistrirebuli sakandidato

siisaTvis unda dabeWdiliyo Tanabari ra-

odenobis saarCevno baraTebi.

saarCevno baraTebSi sakandidato siis

teqsti ibeWdeboda qarTulad, magram siis

warmomdgen jgufs ufleba hqonda moeTx-

ova ama Tu im ubnisaTvis sxva enaze teqs-






tis Targmna. msgavsi gancxadebis Semomtani

jgufi valdebuli iyo TviTon warmoedgina

Targmanis teqsti.

baraTebs da konvertebs centraluri

saarCevno komisia damzadebisTanave agza-

vnida mTavar saqalaqo, samazro da saolqo

komisiebSi.

saqalaqo saarCevno komisiebi winaswar

amzadebdnen TiToeuli amomrCevlisTvis

saxelobiT mowmobas qalaqis macxovreblebi-

sTvis, sadac miTiTebuli iyo amomrCevlis

saxeli, mamis saxeli, gvari, amomrCevlis

metsaxeli, misamarTi, saarCevno ubani da

amomrCevlis saarCevno rigiTobis nomeri,

dro da adgili, sadac xma unda mieca amom-

rCevels.

SeniSvna: saxelobiTi mowmoba saval-

debulo mxolod qalaqis mosaxleobisTvis

iyo. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi saarCevno

komisiebs ufleba hqondaT daeSvaT amom-

rCeveli arCevnebze sxva oficialuri doku-

mentis warmodgenis SemTxvevaSi.

mTavari saqalaqo da soflis saarCevno

komisia valdebuli iyo daerigebina TiToeu-

li amomrCevlisTvis TiTo cali saarCevno

baraTi da saxelobiTi mowmoba arCevnebamde

araugvianes Svidi dRisa.

amomrCevels, romelsac ar hqonda

miRebuli saxelobiTi mowmoba da saarCev-

no baraTi, SeeZlo is mieRo qalaqis mTavar

komisiaSi arCevnebis dRemde, saarCevno ba-

raTebi ki _ qalaqis saubno saarCevno komi-

siaSi arCevnebis dRes.

saqalaqo da soflis sazogadoebis

saarCevno komisiebi amzadebdnen pir-amoW-

ril saarCevno yuTebs da ugzavnidnen maT

saubno saarCevno komisiebs.

SeniSvna: Tu obieqturi mizezebis gamo

ver moxerxdeboda saarCevno yuTebis damza-

deba, SesaZlebeli iyo gamoeyenebinaT mza

yuTebi, Tu isini wayenebul moTxovnebs ak-

mayofilebdnen.

qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba da soflis

sazogadoebis saxalxo dawesebulebebi val-

debuli iyvnen saarCevno komisiebisTvis

daeTmoT Senoba (oTaxi) arCevnebisaTvis.

- 99 -


savaldebulo iyo TiToeul saarCevno

ubanSi yofiliyo erTi an ramdenime mofare-

buli adgili (kabina), sadac amomrCeveli

daafiqsirebda politikur nebas.

komisiis Tavmjdomare valdebuli iyo

gaesinja iyo Tu ara saarCevno yuTi dauz-

ianebeli da carieli. saarCevno baraTebis

gacemis procesSi komisiis sxdomaze

aucileblad unda yofiliyo komisiis wevr-

Ta erTi mesamedi mainc.

plakatebis darigeba, mowodebis gakvra

da saerTod yovelgvari saarCevno agitacia

akrZaluli iyo rogorc oTaxebSi, sadac

saarCevno baraTebis gacema mimdinareobda,

agreTve kibeebze, gasasvlelebSi, saarCevno

Senobis Sesaval karebTan. komisiis Tavmj-

domare valdebuli iyo Tvalyuri edevnebi-

na saarCevno procesisaTvis da darRvevebis

SemTxvevaSi dauyovnebliv unda mieRo zome-

bi im piris Senobidan gasayvanad, vinc ar-

Rvevda wesebs.

dauSvebeli iyo saarCevno SenobaSi Sei-

araRebuli da nasvami pirebis SeSveba.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tavmjdomares

ufleba hqonda, komisiis dadgenilebiT,

moeTxova milicielebis an jariskacebis

gamogzavna. am SemTxvevaSi milicielebi da

jariskacebi srulad unda damorCilebod-

nen Tavmjdomares.

wesrigis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi komi-

sias ufleba hqonda milicielebi da ja-

riskacebi SenobaSi Seeyvana, sadac arCevnebi

mimdinareobda.

arCevnebis TariRs gansazRvravda saqa-

rTvelos parlamenti da is grZeldeboda

sami dRis ganmavlobaSi75. damfuZnebeli

krebis arCevnebis TariRad 1919 wlis 14, 15

da 16 Tebervali ganisazRvra76. arCevnebis

dReebSi saubno saarCevno komisiebis Senoba

Ria unda yofiliyo saarCevno baraTebis ga-

sacemad dilis cxra saaTidan saRamos cxra






saaTamde qalaqebSi, xolo soflebSi _ di-

lis rva saaTidan saRamos rva saaTamde.

amomrCevels unda waredgina saarCevno

komisiisaTvis piradobis mowmoba, komisi-

is wevri amomrCevlis siaSi daafiqsirebda

amomrCevlis monacemebs, amis Semdeg amom-

rCeveli komisiisagan miiRebda konverts

saarCevno baraTis mosaTavseblad.

SeniSvna: soflebSi, sadac pirado-

bis mowmobis qona ar iyo savaldebulo,

amomrCevlis vinaobas amowmebda saarCevno

komisia.

konvertis miRebis Semdeg amomrCeveli

Sedioda saarCevno kabinaSi, afiqsirebda Ta-

vis gadawyvetilebas, saarCevno baraTs aT-

avsebda konvertSi, dabrundeboda saarCevno

yuTTan da dabeWdil konverts gadascemda

komisiis Tavmjdomares, romelic mis Tval-

win konverts agdebda saarCevno yuTSi.

arCevnebis samive dRes saarCevno Seno-

bis karebi unda daketiliyo saRamos 9 saa-

Tze qalaqebSi da 8 saaTze soflebSi. kare-

bis Caketvis Semdeg saarCevno baraTebis

miReba unda gagrZelebuliyo mxolod imaT-

gan, vinc karebis daketvamde Sevidoda Se-

nobaSi xmis misacemad. saarCevno baraTebis

miRebis dasrulebis Semdeg Tavmjdomare

xmis micemas dasrulebulad gamoacxadebda

da saarCevno yuTs daluqavda. amis Semdeg

yvela iq myofi datovebda saarCevno Seno-

bas da kari dailuqeboda Tavmjdomaris gan-

kargulebiT meore dRis dilamde da Seno-

bis karebTan darajs daayenebdnen.

arCevnebis mesame dRes saarCevno Seno-

bis karebi unda daketiliyo cxra saaTze

qalaqebSi da rva saaTze soflebSi, ris

Semdegac saarCevno baraTebis miReba mox-

deboda mxolod im amomrCevlebisagan, rom-

lebic karebis daketvamde iyvnen Sesulebi

saarCevno oTaxSi. amis Semdeg komisiis Tav-

mjdomare kenWisyras dasrulebulad gamo-

acxadebda. komisias pirvelad konvertebi

unda daeTvala gauxsnelad. Tu konvertebis

raodenoba ar daemTxveoda arCevnebSi ga-

mocxadebul amomrCevelTa raodenobas, Ses-

abamisi SeniSvna unda SeetanaT oqmSi, Semdeg

- 100 -


daiwyeboda konvertebis gaxsna da saarCevno

baraTebis daTvla.

centraluri saarCevno komisiis mier

damzadebul saarCevno baraTTan erTad nam-

dvilad CaiTvleboda is baraTi, romlis

teqsti daemTxveoda centraluri komisiis

mier dabeWdili saarCevno baraTis teqsts.

SeniSvna: gansakuTrebul SemTxveva-

Si namdvil baraTad SeiZleba CaTvliliyo

sufTa qaRaldze xeliT dawerili an dabeW-

dili Sesabamisi nomeri.

Tu komisiaSi romelime baraTze eWve-

bi gaCndeboda, sakiTxi xmaTa umravleso-

biT unda gadawyvetiliyo. Tanabari xmebis

SemTxvevaSi upiratesoba eniWeboda Tavmj-

domaris xmas.

oqmSi unda Caweriliyo Tavmjdomar-

is yvela gankarguleba, komisiis dadge-

nilebebi, aseve amomrCevelTa mier komi-

siaSi Setanili gancxadebebi. oqmSi unda

dafiqsirebuliyo TiToeuli sakandida-

to siis mier miRebuli xmebis raodenoba,

aseve im baraTebis raodenoba, romlebic

namdvilad ar CaiTvleboda (aucilebeli

iyo gadawyvetilebis mizezis dafiqsireba).

oqmisTvis xeli unda moewera komisiis Tav-

mjdomares, mdivans, komisiis wevrebsa da

damswre pirebs Tu isini moisurvebdnen.

oqmebi unda gaegzavnaT mTavar saqalaqo

da samazro saarCevno komisiebSi. oqmebTan

erTad calke paketebad unda gaegzavnaT:

komisiis mier namdvilad CaTvlili saarCev-

no baraTebi; baraTebi, romlebic komisiam

namdvilad CaTvala, magram komisiis rome-

lime wevrs sadavod miaCnda; komisiis zogi-

erTi wevris Sexedulebis miuxedavad komi-

siis mier aranamdvilad miCneuli baraTebi;

komisiis mier aranamdvilad miCneuli ba-

raTebi.

samazro, saolqo da saqalaqo komisiebi

miRebuli oqmebisa da saarCevno baraTebis

ganxilvis Semdeg sabolood gadawyvetd-

nen, Tu romeli baraTebi unda CaTvliliyo

namdvilad da ramdeni xma hqonda miRebuli

mazraSi, qalaqSi, an olqSi TiToeul sakan-

didato sias.

samazro, saolqo da saqalaqo saarCevno

komisiis oqmebi saarCevno ubnis oqmebTan er-

Tad unda gaegzavnaT centralur saarCevno

komisiaSi. centralur saarCevno komisiaSi

aseve unda gaegzavnaT namdvilad miCneuli,

magram komisiis romelime wevrisTvis sadao

baraTebi, komisiis zogierTi wevris azris

miuxedavad komisiis mier aranamdvilad miC-

neuli baraTebi da is baraTebi, romelTa

namdvilobas komisia ar daadasturebda.

samazro da saqalaqo komisiis sxdome-

bi, romelzec saubno saarCevno komisiebis

oqmebis ganxilva da saarCevno baraTebis

daTvla mimdinareobda, sajaro iyo77.

arCevnebis Sedegebis garkveva

centraluri saarCevno komisia samazro

da saqalaqo saarCevno komisiebidan miRe-

buli oqmebis safuZvelze daTvlida xmebs,

romlis Semdegac damfuZnebeli krebis wevr-

Ta raodenoba danawildeboda warmodgenil

sakandidato siebs Soris im proporciiT,

rac miRebuli hqonda mTeli respublikis

masStabiT TiToeul sakandidato sias.

Tu arCevnebi ar Catardeboda ramden-

ime saarCevno ubanSi da amasTan am ubnebis

amomrCevelTa saerTo raodenoba Seadgenda

mTeli respublikis amomrCevelTa aranak-

leb erT meaTeds, centraluri saarCevno

komisia dauyovnebliv gascemda aseT ubneb-

Si xelmeored arCevnebis daniSvnis gankar-

gulebas. Tu aseTi saarCevno ubnebis amom-

rCevelTa saerTo raodenoba naklebi iyo

mTeli respublikis amomrCevelTa erTi me-

aTedis, an Tu meorejer daniSnuli arCevne-

bi ar Catardeboda, maSin xmebis saerTo daT-

vlis dros centraluri saarCevno komisia

aseT ubnebs mxedvelobaSi ar miiRebda.

TiToeuli sakandidato siis mier mTel

respublikaSi miRebuli xmebis raodeno-

ba gaiyofoda TandaTanobiT erTze, orze,

samze da a. S. msgavsi gayofis Sedegad miRe-

buli ricxvidan gamocalkevdeboda yvelaze




- 101 -


didi nawiladebi 130-dan (asarCevi deputa-

tebis raodenoba).

Tu ramdeni mandati ergeboda TiToeul

sakandidato sias, gairkveoda Semdegnairad:

sakandidato siis mier miRebuli xmebi gaiy-

ofoda saarCevno koeficientze.

Tu xmebis ganawilebis dros bolo

sadeputato mandatis misaRebad Tanabari

xmebi eqnebodaT or an met sakandidato sias,

maSin upiratesoba eniWeboda im sakandida-

to siis warmomadgenels, romelsac ufro

meti xma hqonda miRebuli. Tu sakandidato

siebSi dasaxelebul kandidatebs miRebuli

eqnebodaT xmebis Tanabari raodenoba, maSin

sakiTxi kenWisyriT wydeboda.

Tu romelime sakandidato sias masSi

dasaxelebuli wevrebis raodenobaze meti

mandati ergeboda, es mandati gaucemeli

rCeboda.

SeerTebul sakandidato siebs Soris

xmebi nawildeboda zemoT naCvenebi wesis

Sesabamisad. Tu SeerTebuli sakandidato

siebis romelime subieqts kandidatebis

ricxvi Semoakldeboda, maSin sadeputa-

to mandati ergeboda SeerTebuli siis im

subieqts, romelsac sakmarisi kandidate-

bi hyavda da sxvebTan SedarebiT meti xma

hqonda miRebuli.

siaSi Setanili kandidati damfuZnebeli

krebis wevrTa siaSi Sedioda im rigiTobiT,

rogorc es dafiqsirebuli iyo sakandidato

siaSi78.

damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobaze uaris Tqma

Tu romelime deputati uars ityoda

damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobaze, mis adgils

daikavebda misi Semdgomi kandidati im si-

idan, saidanac iyo es deputati arCeuli.

Tu arCevnebis dros sakandidato sie-

bi SeerTebuli iyo da erT SeerTebul sia-

Si kandidati araa, maSin ganTavisuflebul

adgils daikavebs SeerTebuli siis is sub-




ieqti, romelsac kandidatebi hyavs da ro-

melsac arCevnebSi meti xma aqvs miRebuli.

Tu romelime siaSi an yvela seerTebul

siaSi kandidati ar aris damfuZnebeli kre-

bis wevrobaze uaris mTqmelis adgilis da-

sakaveblad, maSin ganTavisuflebuli adgi-

li vakanturi rCeba79.

arCevnebis Tavisuflebisa da sisworis dacva

vinc Camoxevda, zemodan rames gadaa-

farebda an Secvlida sajarod gamokrul

saarCevno mowodebas, cnobas an sakandi-

dato sias, daisjeboda dapatimrebiT ara

umetes erTi Tvisa an dajarimdeboda ara

umetes samasi maneTiT.

vinc SeiWreboda im SenobaSi, rome-

lic arCevnebis winaswari agitaciisTvis

iyo gamoyofili da sakandidato siis war-

momdgeni jgufis gankargulebaSi iyo, an

gaanadgurebda, an daazianebda arCevnebis

winaswari agitaciisaTvis gamiznul liter-

aturas, romelic saTanado organizaciis

gankargulebaSi iyo, an vinc daemuqrebo-

da an ZaldatanebiT mimarTavda im pirTa

winaaRmdeg, romlebic am organizaciebis

saxeliT moqmedebdnen, daisjeboda dapa-

timrebiT ara umetes eqvsi Tvisa.

vinc ganzrax yalb cnobas gamoaqveyneb-

da kandidatis pirovnebis an misi piradi

cxovrebis Sesaxeb im mizniT, rom ndoba

daekarga mas an mis mier warmodgenil orga-

nizacias daisjeboda dapatimrebiT.

vinc warmoadgenda kandidatobis Tanx-

mobaze yalb an gadakeTebul gancxadebas,

daisjeboda gamasworebel saxlSi dapatim-

rebiT.

aseTive sasjeliT daisjeboda is, vinc

centralur saarCevno komisiaSi warmoad-

genda kandidatis gancxadebas, rom is Ta-

naxma iyo kenWi eyara damfuZnebeli krebis

wevrobaze da warmomdgenma icoda, rom es

gancxadeba yalbi an gadakeTebuli iyo.




- 102 -


vinc gaavrcelebda iseT sakandidato

siebs, an iseT saarCevno baraTebs, romelTa

siyalbec gamavrcelebelma icoda, is dais-

jeboda satusaRoSi dapatimrebiT.

vinc Seecdeboda sakandidato siebis

warmomdgenTa mier mowveuli saarCevno

krebebisTvis xeli SeeSala, daisjeboda sa-

tusaRoSi gamomwyvdeviT.

Tu msgavsi qmedeba ramdenime Sei-

araRebuli piris mier iyo Cadenili, rasac

Sedegad zemoxsenebuli krebis an komisiis

muSaobis Sewyveta mohyveboda, damnaSave

daisjeboda gamasworebel saxlSi gamomwy-

vdeviT.

eklesiebSi, RvTismsaxurebis adgileb-

Si damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno agita-

cia akrZaluli iyo. misi damrRvevi dais-

jeboda satusaRoSi gamomwyvdeviT ara

umetes eqvsi Tvisa.

vinc pirovnebaze ZaladobiT, muqa-

riT, motyuebiT, Zalauflebis borotad

gamoyenebiT, an ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gamoyenebiT xels SeuSlida amomrCevlis

politikuri nebis dafiqsirebas, daisjebo-

da satusaRoSi gamomwyvdeviT. msgavsi mcd-

elobac dasjadi iyo.

vinc ZaladobiT, muqariT, saarCevno

siebis an saarCevno baraTebis da yuTebis

gafuWebiT, an saarCevno komisiis wevrebze

ZaladobiT xels SeuSlida arCevnebis nor-

malurad Catarebas saarCevno komisiis Se-

nobaSi, daisjeboda gamasworebel saxlSi

gamomwyvdeviT.

vinc daSinebiT Seecdeboda amomrCevlis

arCevnebze misvlaSi xelis SeSlas, daisjeb-

oda gamasworebel saxlSi CamwyvdeviT ara

umetes sami wlisa. dasjadi iyo aseve msgav-

si qmedebis mcdelobac.

vinc winaswar agitacias gaswevda im Se-

nobaSi, sadac arCevnebi mimdinareobda an ar

daemorCileboda saarCevno komisiis Tavmj-

domaris gankargulebas daetovebina saarCev-

no Senoba, daisjeboda dapatimrebiT.

vinc amomrCevels gadaibirebda dapire-

biT, misTvis an misi ojaxis wevrisTvis pira-

di an qonebrivi sargeblobis micemiT, raTa

am ukanasknels ar mieRo monawileoba dam-

fuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi, daisjeboda

satusaRoSi CamwyvdeviT. dasjadi iyo aseve

msgavsi qmedebis Cadenis mcdelobac.

aseTive sasjeliT daisjeboda amom-

rCeveli, romelic moiTxovda piradi sarge-

blis miRebas xmis misacemad.

vinc gaumaspinZldeboda amomrCevels

im mizniT, rom xma mieca Tavis an sxva piris

sasargeblod, daisjeboda datusaRebiT.

vinc icoda, rom mas saarCevno xmis

ufleba ar hqonda da mainc miscemda xmas

damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebze, daisjebo-

da datusaRebiT.

aseTive sasjeliT daisjeboda is, vinc

damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebis dros er-

Tze metad miscemda xmas, an sxvis magier

(Tundac TxovniT) miscemda xmas.

vinc ganzrax daamaxinjebda arCevnebis

Sedegebs saarCevno baraTebis CamorTmevis,

daTvlis an gamoqveynebis dros, an gaz-

rax gaafuWebda baraTebs, an gaitacebda

micemul saarCevno baraTebs, an Caamateb-

da rames saarCevno baraTebSi, daisjebo-

da gamasworebel saxlSi CamwyvdeviT ara

umetes sami wlisa. dasjadi iyo msgavsi dan-

aSaulis Cadenis mcdelobac.

vinc kanonis winaaRmdeg gamoaaSkaraveb-

da xmis micemis saidumloebas, daisjeboda

datusaRebiT.

saarCevno komisiis wevri an sxva Tanam-

debobis piri, romelic ganzrax daarRvevda

damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno debulebas

im mizniT, rom gavlena moexdina arCevnebis

msvlelobaze ama Tu im sakandidato siis

sasargeblod Tu sazianod, daisjeboda da-

tusaRebiT.

sasamarTlos ufleba hqonda zemoaR-

niSnuli sasjelebis garda damnaSavisTvis

miesaja: sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebebsa

da TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi saarCev-

no uflebis CamorTmeva xuTi wlis vadiT

ganaCenis gamoqveynebidan; fuladi jarima

araumetes sami aTasi maneTisa; Tu damna-

Save Tanamdebobis piri iyo, samsaxuridan

daTxovna.

- 103 -


zemoT aRniSnul saqmeebs, romelic iT-

valiswinebda datusaRebas an ufro mkacr

sasjels, ixilavda saolqo sasamarTlo naf-

ic msajulTa monawileobiT, danarCen saq-

meebs _ momrigebeli mosamarTle80.

* * *

1918 wlis dekembridan 1919 wlis Te-

bervlamde mimdinareobda saqarTvelos dam-

fuZnebeli krebis winasaarCevno kampania. 1919

wlis 14, 15 da 16 Tebervals arCevnebi gaimar-

Ta Semdeg mazrebsa da qalaqebSi: Tbilisis,

Telavis, siRnaRis, TianeTis, duSeTis, goris,

Sorapnis, quTaisis, leCxumis, raWis, axali

senakis, zugdidisa da ozurgeTis mazrebSi;

qalaqebSi: Tbilisi, Telavi, siRnaRi, gori,

xaSuri, surami, yvirila, WiaTura, quTaisi,

xoni, samtredia, axali senaki, zugdidi, foTi,

ozurgeTi da lanCxuTi.

centralurma saarCevno komisiam ar

miiRo qalaq duSeTis Sedegebi da dadgeni-

li wesiT ganmeorebiTi arCevnebi daniSna.

wvrilmani darRvevebi iyo sxvadasxva saqa-

laqo da sasoflo ubnebze, romelTa Sede-

gebi gauqmda, radgan, saarCevno debulebiT,

am ubnebis amomrCevelTa ricxvi saerTo ra-

odenobis meaTedze naklebi iyo.

arCevnebze amomrCevelTa aqtiurobis

maCvenebeli daaxloebiT 60% Seadgenda.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi po-

li tikurma partiebma mandatebi Semdegnai-

rad miiRes:

• saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli

muSaTa partia _ 109 mandati;

• saqarTvelos erovnul-demokrati-

uli partia _ 8 mandati;

• saqarTvelos socialist-federal-

istTa sarevolucio partia _ 8 man-

dati;

• saqarTvelos socialist-revolu-

cio nerTa partia _ 5 mandati.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pir-

veli sazeimo sxdoma 1919 wlis 12 marts, 12




saaTsa da 10 wuTze TbilisSi, damfuZnebeli

krebis sasaxlis TeTr darbazSi gaimarTa

(axlandeli moswavle axalgazrdobis sasax-

le). reglamentis Sesabamisad, sxdomisTvis

unda exelmZRvanela darbazSi myof uxuces

deputats. aseTi aRmoCnda social-demokra-

ti silibistro jiblaZe (radgan niko ni-

kolaZe TbilisSi ar imyofeboda), xolo

mdivnis movaleobas yvelaze axalgazrda _

social-demokrati giorgi (gogita) faRava

asrulebda.

deputatebma damfuZnebeli krebis Tav-

mjdomared karlo CxeiZe airCies, xolo

Tavmjdomaris moadgiled _ aleqsandre

lomTaTiZe. deputatebma Sesabamisi xel-

mowerebiT gadaamtkices 1918 wlis 26 maisis

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti81.

damatebiTi arCevnebis meore etapi 1919

wlis 19 maiss gaimarTa. arCevnebi Catarda

Semdeg punqtebSi:

qalaq Tbilisis 50-e ubanSi, qalaq

duSeTSi, gomborSi, bolnis-xaCinsa da dag-

eT-xaCinSi, soxumis olqSi, kerZod, arCev-

nebi Catarda qalaqebSi: soxumi, oCamCire,

gudauTa da gagra.

Sedegebis gadaangariSebis Semdeg so-

cial-demokratiulma partiam sami man-

dati dakarga, TiTo mandati miemataT

erovnul-demokratiul partiasa da social-

ist-revolucionerTa partias. erTi manda-

ti moipova miwis mesakuTreTa erovnulma

partiam.

damfuZnebeli krebis mesame damatebiTi

arCevnebi gaimarTa 1919 wlis 18 seqtembers

Semdeg punqtebSi: borCalos, axalcixis, ax-

alqalaqis mazrebSi, duSeTis mazris mTi-

uleTsa da xevsureTis TemebSi, focxovis

raionsa da svaneTis TemebSi, qalaqebSi _

axalcixesa da axalqalaqSi.

Sedegebis gadaangariSebis Semdeg so-

cial-demokratiulma partiam dakarga oTxi

mandati, TiTo mandati miemataT social-

ist-federalistTa partiasa da miwis mesa-



- 104 -


kuTreTa erovnul partias. erTi mandati

dakarga erovnul-demokratiulma partiam

da sami mandatiT damfuZnebel krebaSi Se-

vida somxeTis revoluciuri federacia

`daSnakcutiunis~ saqarTvelos biuro.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis dep-

utats SeeZlo paralelurad sxva sajaro

da kerZo samsaxurSi yofiliyo dasaqmebu-

li, Tumca gasamrjelos mxolod erTgan

miiRebda. deputati, romelic arasapatio

mizeziT or Tves ar daeswreboda sxdomebs,

damfuZnebeli krebidan gairicxeboda. dam-

fuZnebeli krebis sxdomis gasamarTavad

saWiro iyo wevrTa mesamedis _ 50 deputa-

tis _ gamocxadeba. Tavisi muSaobis ganmav-

lobaSi saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam

mxolod samjer ver Sekriba kvorumi. arasa-

patiod gamcdeni deputatebis statisti-

ka periodulad cxaddeboda sxdomebze da

deputatebs xelfasis nawili eqviTebodaT82.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam Ta-

visi arsebobis manZilze araerTi sxdoma

Caatara da araerTi kanoni da dadgenile-

ba miiRo. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo

damfuZnebeli krebis mier 1921 wlis 21

Tebervals saqarTvelos pirveli konsti-

tuciis miReba. 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi

sabWoTa ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Sedegad

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa reJimi damyarda.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo

dadgenileba emigraciaSi gamgzavrebuliyo

da iqidan gaegrZelebina brZola saqarT-

velos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis

aRsadgenad.


Tbilisi, 2016, gv. 20-21.

- 105 -


Levan Jikia

Elec ons of the Cons tuent Assembly of Georgia

Resume

On May 26, 1918 the State Independence was restored in Georgia. The Coali-on Government was recruited with the different poli cal representa ves; func on

of the legisla ve body was charged to the Georgian Na onal Board formed earlier which got the name of Parliament of Georgia on October 8, 1918. Despite the Par-liament of Georgia combined and gathered the representa ves of poli cal par es, regions, ethnic minori es, various religions it could not be considered to be a su-preme legi ma on legisla ve body as it was not elected by society. Respec vely it was determined to hold elec ons of the Cons tuent Assembly in Georgia.

On November 22, 1918 the Parliament of Georgia adopted the regula ons on elec ons of Cons tuent Assembly. According to the regula ons women were grant-ed the right to par cipate in the elec ons and also to be candidates of elec ons themselves. Fi een poli cal par es and groups were registered in the central elec-

ons commission. The elec ons of Cons tuent Assembly were held on February 14, 15 and 16, 1918. Due to the objec ve reasons (climate condi ons, armed conflicts) the elec ons were held on several territories of Georgia later (on May 19, 1919 and September 18, 1919). Finally the votes were distributed in the Cons tuent As-sembly as follows: Social-Democra c Laborers’ Party of Georgia _ 102 mandates, Na onal-Democra c Party of Georgia _ 8 mandates, Socialist-Revolu onists Party of Georgia _ 6 mandates; Revolu onary Federa on of Armenia “Dashnaktsu uns”, Georgian Bureau _ 3 mandates, Socialist-Federalists Revolu onary Party of Georgia _ 9 mandates, Land Owners Na onal Party of Georgia _ 2 mandates. The Cons tu-ent Assembly has adopted a lot of important regula ons during its existence.

In February-March, 1921 the Red Army of the Soviet Russia made annexa on and occupa on of Georgia. The most members of Georgian Government and the Cons tuent Assembly le Georgia and emigrated from the country.

- 106 -

1919 wlis 7 marts, paraskevs, gaimarTa

saqarTvelos parlamentisa da damfuZnebe-

li krebis centraluri saarCevno komisiis

gaerTianebuli sxdoma, romelzec gadawyda,

rom saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pir-

veli sxdoma 1919 wlis 12 marts, oTxSabaTs,

12 saaTze Catarebuliyo83. amave sxdoma-

ze SeimuSaves dRis wesrigi. reglamentis

mixedviT sxdoma unda gaexsna damfuZnebeli

krebis uxuces wevrs. damfuZnebeli krebis

uxucesi wevri niko nikolaZe TbilisSi ar

imyofeboda, amitomac es pativi silibistro

jiblaZes ergo. mdivnis funqcia damfuZne-

beli krebis yvelaze axalgazrda wevrs gi-

orgi (gogita) faRavas unda Seesruleba.

damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli sxdomis dRis

wesrigi aseTi iyo: sityva unda warmoeTqva

silibistro jiblaZes (uxuces wevrs), unda

gamarTuliyo damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmj-

domaris arCevnebi, sxdomaze unda waekiTx-

aT saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti,

romelsac damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi

xels moawerdnen. garda amisa, mdivans unda

waekiTxa misaloci depeSebi da werilebi84.

83 gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, 1919, 9

marti, #55, gv. 2.


qalaq Tbilisis TviTmmarTvelobam

miiRo dadgenileba 12 marts, damfuZne-

beli krebis pirveli sxdomis gamarTvis

dRes TviTmmarTvelobis sasaxle (erevnis

moedanze) xaliCebiT, erovnuli droSebiTa

da yvavilebiT moerTo, aseve qalaqis yve-

la dawesebulebaSi gamoefinaT erovnuli

droSebi. am RonisZiebisTvis qalaqis TviT-

mmarTvelobam 5000 maneTi gamohyo85.

damfuZnebeli krebis pirvel sxdomaze

dasaswrebad specialuri saSvebi daibeWda,

romelic Semdegnairad gadanawilda:

1. saqarTveloSi arsebuli erovnul

umciresobaTa yvela sabWosTvis _

TiTo saSvi;

2. qarTuli da saqarTveloSi arsebu-

li ucxouri presis warmomadgenels

_ TiTo saSvi;

3. samazro erobas _ 1;

4. saerobo centrs _ 1;

5. qalaqTa kavSirs _ 2;

6. qalaq Tbilisis sabWos _ 2;

7. saxalxo gvardias _ 5;

marti, #55, gv. 2; gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~,

1919, 11 marti, #56, gv. 2.


marti, #55, gv. 2.

levan jiqia levan jiqia istoriis doqtori

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli sxdomasaqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi (pirvel etapze) warmatebas oTxma wamyvanma

politikurma partiam miaRwia: saqarTvelos social-demokratiulma partiam, saqarTvelos

erovnul-demokratiulma partiam, saqarTvelos socialist-federalistTa partiam, saqa-

rTvelos socialist-revolucionerTa partiam.

- 107 -


8. general-gubernators _ 1;

9. miliciis ufross _ 1;

10. fosta-telegrafis ufross _ 1;

11. samxedro saministros _ 3;

12. qarTul universitets _ 1;

13. qarTul wiTel jvars _ 1;

14. wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazo-

gadoebas _ 1;

15. saxelmwifo Teatrs _ 1;

16. saistorio-saeTnografio sazogado-

ebas _ 1;

17. filarmoniul sazogadoebas _ 1;

18. saxalxo universitets _ 2;

19. sasoflo komisias _ 5;

20. muSaTa sabWos _ 5;

21. rkinigzis komitets _ 5;

22. vaWarTa da mrewvelTa sazogadoebas

_ 3;

23. fosta-telegrafis raionis gamgeo-

bas _ 2;

24. Tbilisis konservatorias _ 2;

25. partiaTa warmomadgenlebs _ 30;

26. yofil deputatebs _ 21;

27. damfuZnebeli krebis komisias _ 7;

28. profesiul kavSirs _ 10;

29. parlamentis kancelarias _ 3;

30. mTavrobis kancelarias _ 286.

12 marts, dilis 11 saaTidan daiwyo

Sekreba sasaxlesTan sxvadasxva profesi-

ulma da muSaTa organizaciebma TavianTi

droSebiT, SenobasTan aseve moiyares Tavi

sxvadasxva saswavleblebis moswavleebma,

romlebic internacionals da qarTul himns

mRerodnen. sasaxle garedan morTuli iyo

droSebiTa da yvavilebiT.

dilis TerTmetis naxevridan daiwyes

sasaxleSi Sekreba damfuZnebeli krebis

wevrebma, mTavrobis wevrebma, ucxo saxel-

mwifoTa warmomadgenlebma da mowveulma

stumrebma.

damfuZnebeli krebis darbazSi Sua adg-

ili saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli

fraqciis warmomadgenlebma daikaves, mar-

jvena _ erovnul-demokratiuli fraqciis,


marti, #56, gv. 3.

marcxena _ socialist-revolucionerTa

da socialist-federalistTa fraqciebma.

prezi diumSi marcxniv dasxdnen mTavrobis

wevrebi noe Jordanias meTaurobiT. marcx-

niv pirvel loJaSi imyofebodnen: saqarTve-

los kaTolikos-patriarqi leonide, semina-

riis reqtori, dekanozi korneli kekeliZe,

dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe. momdevno

loJebSi isxdnen: inglisis warmomadgene-

li sandersi, safrangeTis _ kapitani gas-

feni, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis _ mei-

ni, Sveicariis _ berlemoni, espaneTis da

niderlanebis _ pereslianti, poloneTis

_ astrovski, sparseTis _ mazareT doule,

saberZneTis _ manulidi, somxeTis _ saaki-

ani da Tumanovi, azerbaijanis _ jafarovi,

mTielTa respublikis _ jabaRievi da axun-

dovi, ukrainis _ kulinski, litvis _ daili-

da, Cexoslovakiis _ svatoSi da baSkireTis

_ monatovi. marjvena da pirdapir loJebSi

moTavsdnen diplomatiuri misiis warmomad-

genlebi, qarTuli da ucxouri presis war-

momadgenlebi87.

aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis samxe-

dro taZris ezoSi ganTavsdnen Tbilisis

garnizonis jaris nawilebi da milicielebi.

sionis sakaTedro soboroSi paraklisi iqna

gadaxdili88.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pir-

veli sxdoma 12 saaTsa da 13 wuTze gaixsna,

romelsac social-demokrati silibistro

jiblaZe Tavmjdomareobda, mdivnobda aseve

social-demokrati giorgi (gogita) faRava.

silibistro jiblaZem Sekrebili sazoga-

doebis winaSe Semdegi sityva warmoTqva:

`batonebo!

am dResac moveswariT! Cemi grZel cx-

ovrebis miwurulSi bevri bednieri dRe gam-

Tenebia. magram es dRe yvelaze unetaresia.

Cemma xnovanobam wilaT marguna gaxsna am

diadi, am ormagi dResaswaulisa. batonebo,

dido batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis wevr-


marti, #58, gv. 3.


marti, #58, gv. 3.

- 108 -


no! upirveles yovlisa, neba miboZeT mogiZ-

RvnaT Cemi gulwrfeli, gulis siRrmidan

amoRebuli salami! neba miboZeT mogilo-

coT es diadi dRe, dRe Cveni xalxis davaS-

kacebisa, misi srulwlovanobisa! neba mome-

ciT didis mokrZalebiT mivesalmo da dabla

Tavi daukra ucxo saxelmwifoebis warmo-

madgenlebs (taSi). salami did britaneTs

(taSi; deputatebi fexze adgomiT miesalme-

bian britaneTis warmomadgenlebs) am akvans

demokratiisas (taSi). neba miboZeT mivesal-

mo safrangeTis samSoblos revoliuciisas

(taSi da ovacia). neba miboZeT mivesalmo

amerikas bumberaz SeerTebul Statebs sim-

bolos Tavisuflebisas (mxurvale taSi da

ovacia), patara Sveicarias (taSi da ova-

cia) am yvela devnilTa mfarvels. me mwams,

me mjera, rom didi da maRali kultura am

kulturul saxelmwifoebis, mohfens Tavis

Zleva mosils sxivs Cven norCsa da patara

respublikas. gaumarjos ruseTis yvela

erebs, romlebic ganTavisufldnen, TviT-

mpyrobeli mefis brWyalebidan (taSi). mive-

salmebi Cven mezobel respublikebs, ader-

beijans (taSi), somxeTs (taSi) da mTielTa

respublikas (taSi). vesalmebi sparseTis

warmomadgenels (taSi). vesalmebi polo-

neTis axal respublikis warmomadgenlebs

(taSi), narmandmonis, litvisa da ukraini-

sa (taSi), vesalmebi saberZneTs, ispanias da

holandias (taSi). axla neba miboZeT mxur-

vale salami miuZRvna Cvens mTavrobas da

mis belad i. n. Jordanias (mxurvale taSi).

maT RirseulaT atares mZime qudi monomax-

isa, romelic maTda uneburaT daaxura maT

uCveulo momentsa. vaSa, vaSa Tqven mxneobas,

vaSa Tqven gamWriaxobasa da saqmianobasa.

batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis wevr-

no! neba miboZeT kvlav Tqven mogesalmoT!

keTili iyos Tqveni fexis Semodgma am TeTr

darbazSi, sadac vin icis, ramdeni Savi saqme-

ni gakeTebula! bednieri iyos Tqveni aq

dabinaveba, aq, am Tqven saxlSi, romelsac

sxvebi hpatronobdnen, romelSiac xalxis

mtrebi xalxis xarjze qeifobdnen da dros

atarebdnen, xalxis borkilebs sWednen da

amagrebdnen. kurTxeul iyos safuZveli im

axal saxelmwifoebrivi Senobis, romlis

asagebaT Tqven brZandebiT mowodebuli.

metad seriozul momentSi dagakisra Tqven

droTa brunvam es Tqveni mZime movaleoba.

Cven mowameni varT, batonebo, iseT ambebis,

moZraobis, cvalebadobisa, romlis msgav-

si aseTi farTo masStabiT ar axsovs msof-

lio istorias. moZraoba _ cvalebadoba

sulTa cxovrebisa, magram es yvelasaTvis

gasagebi WeSmariteba, winaT TviT udidesi

mecnierebisTvisac warmoudgeneli da mi-

uwdomeli saidumloeba iyo. filosofos

aristotels verc ki warmoedgina saxel-

mwifoebrivi cxovreba gareSe monobis in-

stitutisa. es xdeboda imitom, rom procesi

ganviTarebisa, moZraobisa metis-metaT nel

nabijiT midioda. dRes sul sxva suraTi iS-

leba Cvens Tval win. dRes istoria TiTqos

gamoerkva saRaTas Zilidan, amoifSvnita

Tvalebi da pirvelaT ixila Tavisi codve-

bi: es saSineli, gulSemzaravi sizantiT da

zmorviT CoCva da xoxva. man TiTqos igrZno

mTeli mTeli simZime am codvebis da ai Tavi-

si warsulis asanazRaureblaT auSva Tavisi

dabmuli, maTi merani. Cven vxedavT, ra Tav-

bru damsxmeli siswrafiT mieCqareba win es

merani, da Cven vxedavT, ra saSinel ryevas

da ngrevas iwvevs are-mareSi es moZrao-

ba. ingreva saxelmwifoebi, ispoba, Tumca

dro-moWmuli, magram jer kidev Zleva mosi-

li wodebebi, nafotiviT imsxvreva taxtebi

RvTis mier mironcxebulTa, romelTa erTi

saxeli SiSis zars scemda mTel qveyniere-

bas. erTi sityviT, cxovreba veRar eteva

Tavis tanSi, gafacicebiT kans icvlis ganax-

lebis-gadaxalisebis gzaze dgeba, sazoga-

doebriv urTierTobaTa axal iskvneba. Tav-

is TavaT ismeba sakiTxi, ra davkargeT Cven,

da ra SeviZineT, Cven am saerTaSoriso oron-

trialSi. pasuxi moklea: davkargeT is, ris

dakargva da damarxva yovelTvis Seadgenda

Cveni demokratiis saocnebo sagans, mis pir-

vel ideals, wyevla krulviT gaduSviT me-

fis TviTmpyrobeloba im ufskrulSi, rom-

lis piramdis miiyvana man mravali tanjuli

- 109 -


da wamebuli mSromeli xalxi. ai, batonebo,

sidiade Tebervlis da martis revoliucii-

sa. bednieri aris es axali Taoba, romelmac

mxoloT ixila damarxva, magram Tavis norC

sxeulze saSineli ar uwvnia brWyalebi or-

Tavian arwivis reJimis. magram, es cotaa, es

ar kmara. ar kmara marto dangreva Zvelisa.

saWiroa mefis TviTmpyrobelobis nangreve-

bze xalxis TviTmpyrobelobis gamagreba, Zv-

elis saflavze axal mtkice saZirkvlis da-

fuZneba. da ai aqedan warmodgeba Cveni meore

ideali: srul uflebian damfuZnebeli yri-

loba. damfuZnebeli yriloba es gvirgvinia

revoliuciisa, mis monapovarTa ganmtkice-

baa. mTeli 9 Tve atara ruseTis demokratiam

idea am yrilobisa, bolos didi vaivaglaxiT

da tanjviT warmoSva man es yriloba. magram,

aqve gamoaSkaravda sisuste, am demokrati-

isa. man ver SesZlo misi movla patronoba,

da ai erT cxovelisa ar iyos, dabadebisTa-

nave STanTqa mSobelma Tavis Sobili. ok-

tombris gadatrialebam gadauSva anarqi-

is morevSi didi gemi didi revoliuciisa.

locva-kurTxeviT moigonebs momavali Tao-

ba, madlieri Taoba Cvens demokratias da

mis mTavrobas, romelmac erTaT erTma ar

dahkarga goneba, ar mieca sasowarkveTile-

bas _ am saerTo gancdis dros. mxolod am

demokratiam gadaarCina Cveni patara navi

mware xvedrs, didi revoliuciis, didi gemi-

sa, romelzedac mTel 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi

mikruli iyo magari jaWviT. mxoloT man erT-

ma aacila es navi aTasgvar dabrkolebas da

kldeebs, anarqiis uZiro zRvaSi amozidulT

da moiyvana aq, am samSvidoboSi, am diadi, am

Zvirfas ganZiT, damfuZnebeli krebiT. cxa-

dia, es didi saqme aris Sedegi ara ubralo,

brma da bednieri SemTxvevis, rogorc zo-

gierTni fiqroben, aramed Cven demokrati-

is im swori politikuri sibrZne-simwifisa,

razedac es iyo mogaxsenebdiT. ar aris dar-

gi iseTi rTuli da saidumloebiT moculi,

rogorc politika. da vai im xalxs, romlis

politikur xelmZRvanelebs ar Seswevs gam-

Wriaxoba Caixedon am saidumloebis siRrme-

Si da gaikvlion gza am iSviaT xelovnebis

bnel labirintSi. TviTeuli nabiji moudeT

gadadgmuli am sferoSi SeiZleba gaxdes

sabediswero nabijad mTeli xalxisaTvis. aba

ra xeiri daayares batonebo TavianT xalxs im

politikurma partiebma, romlebic mxolod

sxva xalxis daRupvaze, sxvis ubedurebaze

ocneboben. meore cocxali magaliTi. ras

fiqroben da ras cdiloben Cveni fexmardi

komunist-bolSeviki? mTel qveyniereba-

ze da ara marto ruseTis cxovrebaze, so-

cializmis xelaT ganxorcielebaze da erTi

muWa wiTel armielebis xiStebiT veberTela

ruseTis glexTa am umaRles socialur same-

foSi gadatyorcnas.

sul sxva airCia Cvenma demokratiam.

kacT Wamiaobas da mezobelTa mZulvare-

bas man daupirdapira WeSmariti demokra-

tiuli principi erTa solidarobisa da

keTil-ganwyobilebisa, komunistTa dam-

Rupvel eqsperimentebs win daxeduleba

da Sors mWvreteloba. Cveni survili iyo

ruseTis demokratiasTan erTad brZola

da Wirsa da lxinSi masTan yofna, masTan si-

cocxle. magram mware sinamdvilem gvimtyu-

na da gagvicrua es imedebi. anarqiis tal-

Rebma mogvwyvita mas da oblaT gagvriya. da

roca Cven angariSi gauwieT am sinamdviles,

magraT SemovibareT, SemovibekneT pirve-

lad mTel amier-kavkasiis da Semdeg Cven

respublikis farglebSi. Cvenma `keTilis

mosurneebma~ daiwunes da dagmes es Cveni

taqtika. Semdeg roca Cveni da Cveni ganmar-

toebul respublikis mdgomareoba imde-

nad garTulda, rom amgvarad daisva kiTxva

Cveni fizikuri yofna ar yofnisa da roca

Cven ar yofnas yofna varCieT, da karzed

mosul gansacdels Tavi davaxwieT, es imave

Cvenma `keTilis msurvelebma~ aramc Tu

dagviwunes, aramed pirdapir damalulad

demokratiul principis Ralatad Camog-

varTves da astexes saSineli gangaSi, qveya-

na iqceva, Cven Tan mivyvebiT, Tqven ki raRac

sakuTar arsebobaze foCixobTo. aseTia ba-

tonebo, buneba buSmenTa moralisa. rode-

sac amoSiSvlebuli xmlebiT Tavs gesxmian,

karg saqmes Svrebian! roca Tavs icavT ve-

- 110 -


ragul Tavdasxmidganes _ cudze ucude-

sia! davutovoT buSmenebs maTi buSmenuri

morali da gavswioT win, im Cven gziT swori

gziT, romelmac ara erTxel gamogviyvania

gamousvleli Cixidgan, romelmac Segvanar-

Cuna Zvirfasi monapovari revoliuciisa.

batonebo, dRes am revoliuciis, ru se-

Tis revoliuciis 2 wlis Tavia. Cveni demokra-

tia, madlieri demokratia ar daiviwyebs did

amags ruseTis demokratiisas, muxlis modre-

kiT movixseniebT am demokratiis gmirebs,

romelTac Tavi dasdves sakacobrio samsx-

verploze. 2 weliwadia, rac mopovebul Cvens

Tavisuflebas emuqrebian yovel mxridan

mozRvavebuli mtrebi. saxeli da dideba Cven

xalxis rCeul Svilebs, saxalxo gvardia da ax-

algazrda jars, romelTac Tvisi Tavdadebu-

li mamacobiT SeinarCunes, daicves, Segvinax-

es da Cagvabaren Tqven es Tavisufleba (taSi).

awi, batonebo, Tqvens xelT aris bedi am Cven

qarcecxlSi gamotarebuli avla didebisa.

ver vityviT, rom sruliad uzrunveli, daz-

Rveuli iyos es Tavisufleba mosalodnel

saSiSroebisagan, vinaidan ar sCans dasasru-

li im xaosisa, romlis alSi Caagdo mTeli ga-

naTlebuli kacobrioba saSinelma msoflio

omma. magram erTi ram ki SeiZleba aq iTqvas

gadaWriT: xalxi, romelmac mraval saukune-

Ta ganmavlobaSi daicva Tavisi vinaoba, xalxi,

romelmac ar SeeSinda CrdiloeTis susxian

zamTris, romelmac gamoiCina unari TviTmpy-

robelobis sqeli da civi yinvis qveS politi-

kuri da moqalaqobrivi zrdaganviTareba _ es

xalxi ar daiRupeba da arc daRupavs mopoe-

bul Tavisuflebas. maS, gaumarjos Tavisu-

fal demokratias, saqarTvelos Tavisufali

da damoukidebeli respublikisa, gaumarjos

saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas. erTxel

kidev giZRvniT Cems gulwrfel salams da

kidev gisurvebT warmatebas da Tavisufal

muSaobas (xangrZlivi taSi). damfuZnebel kre-

bis muSaobisaTvis saWiro aris Rirseuli da

daxelovnebul xelmZRvanelis arCeva. inebeT

batonebo dasaxeleba kandidatebisa~89.


marti, #58, gv. 2-3.

silibistro jiblaZis sityvis Sem-

deg social-demokratma noe cincaZem so-

cial-demokratiis fraqciis saxeliT wa-

moayena damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomared

nikoloz CxeiZis, xolo moadgiled _ ale-

qsandre lomTaTiZis kandidaturebi. dan-

arCeni partiis warmomadgenlebs kandida-

turebi ar dausaxelebiaT. damfuZnebeli

krebis wevrebma erTxmad dauWires mxari

orive kandidaturas (Tavi aravis Seukave-

bia, winaaRmdegac aravis miucia xma)90.

nikoloz CxeiZe TbilisSi ar imyofe-

boda, Sesabamisad, Tavmjdomaris adgili

aleqsandre lomTaTiZem daikava91, romel-

mac Semdegi sityviT mimarTa Sekrebil

sazogadoebas:

`moqalaqeno, xalxis ndobiT aRWurvi-

lno, mesveurno saqarTvelos demokrati-

ul respublikisa, uwinares yovlisa miiReT

Cemi mxurvale madloba da dabali salami im

diad ndobisTvis, romelic me gamomicxa-

deT, da romliTac me damakisreT aseTi sapa-

tio, magram masTanve friad mZime movaleoba.

nu Tu dResac gamoCndeba iseTi vinme, vinc

gabedavs da ityvis, rom saqarTvelos da mis

demokratias ar Seswevs gonebrivi, sulieri

da fizikuri Zala, rom aramc Tu mtkice

saZirkveli Cauyaros saxalxo, saerovno

saqmes, aramed ganamtkicos am saZirkvelze

uryeveli, miuvali cixe-simagre xalxis ne-

ba-survilebis, misi saxelmwifoebriobis

gamomxatveli da damgvirgvinebeli. ai, dRe-

vandeli dRe moqalaqeno, aSkarad RaRadebs

imas, rom saqarTvelo da misi xalxi mom-

wifebulia, mtkicedaa Semdgari Tavis saku-

Tar fexze da TviT gamosWedavs Tavis saku-

Tar beds. dRevandeli dRe amis saukeTeso

gamomxatvelia. dRevandeli zeimi aSkarad

metyvelebs amas. me Cems Tavs nebas mivcem

movigono sami momenti istoriisa ukanask-

nel saukunis ganmavlobaSi. momenti,

rodesac 19 saukunis ganTiadze maSindel-


marti, #58, gv. 3.


marti, #58, gv. 3.

- 111 -


ma saqarTvelos mesveurebma saukeTesod

dainaxes Tavis xalxis da Tavis eris bed-iR-

bali mosazRvre did saxelmwifosTvis Cae-

barebinaT. Tqven iciT moqalaqeno, Tu ra

pirobebSi moxda es istoriuli aqti, Tqven

iciT, ras gamoeloda saqarTvelo, rogorc

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli maSin dadebu-

li xelSekrulebisagan da ra miiRo man

sinamdvileSi. magram isic iciT, rom is didi

saxelmwifo, romelmac mas Tavis mfarve-

loba aRuTqva, sxva rasmes saqarTvelos ver

miscemda. iq did ruseTSi xalxi gminavda

TiTon maSindel saxelmwifoebriv reJimis

sastik salteebSi gaWedili; da Cven gvesmis

Tu ratom am nairi politika iqmna nawar-

moebi maT mier patara saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

saWiro iyo, rom dabadebuliyo axali Zala

axali gzis gamkafavi xalxis gansaTavisu-

fleblad. da mecxramete saukunis meore

naxevarSi gaCnda kidec es Zala, romelic

Seudga axali gzis, axali politikuri gezis

gamonaxvas. es gza iyo gza saerTo, Zmuri

im xalxTan, romlis saxelmwifoebriv saz-

RvrebSi saqarTvelo moaqcia istoriul-

ma msvlelobam. da ai am saerTo gziT iara

Cvenma xalxma, Cvenma demokratiam da Tqven

iciT, moqalaqeno, Tu ra Sedegebi mohyva

aseT brZolis gzas _ SeerTebulma Zalam

ruseTis da saqarTvelos demokratiebisam,

daangria TviTmpyrobeloba, es Zir moWmu-

li, Zir dampali saxelmwifoebrivi weswyo-

bileba, da istoriis wiaRSi gadaisrola is

erTxel da samudamod. es moxda 27 Teber-

vals ori wlis winad, es meore istoriuli

momenti. dRes 12 marts wlis Tavia am diadi

gadatrialebisa, Tu gadaavlebT Tvals am

ori wlis ambavs, movigonebT mokled ra xde-

boda iq, da ra xdeboda aq CvenSi, ras miaRwi-

es iq, da ra gvaqvs aq CvenSi, patara saqarT-

veloSi. saqarTvelos demokratia aq iseTi

mdidari gamodga, rom mas, visac dascinod-

nen kidec, ra SeuZlian am patara da ganuvi-

Tarebels xalxs da erso, mas, moqalaqeno,

Tamamad SeuZlian sTqvas, rom maSindeli

didi ruseTis, didi demokratiis brZolis

dros TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg Cveni

xalxis Svilni saukeTeso mebrZolni da xe-

lmZRvanelni iyvnen im sabediswero brZo-

laSi, da es oqros asoebiT aRibeWdeba is-

toriaSi. da Tu dRes es movigoneT Tqven

winaSe, es imisTvis, rom erTxel kidev gai-

gon, rom saqarTvelos SeuZlian aramc Tu

Tavis sakuTar saqmeebs gauZRves, aramed

sxvasac daexmaros. Tqven iciT, moqalaqe-

no, rom manam, sanam ruseTis bediRbals da

ruseTis demokratiis vaJkacur Tav ganwir-

ul brZolis dros ruseTSi batonobda is

politikur saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSeneblo-

bis sibrZne, romelic dResaa saqarTvelo-

Si, ruseTis erTiani demokratiuli fronti

uryeveli iyo. is, rac man am politikis dam-

arcxebis Semdeg ganicada ruseTma, aaSkar-

avebs Tqven winaSe romeli gza da gezi yo-

fila xalxisaTvis sasargeblo dRevandel

socialur politikur pirobebSi. es iyo er-

Tad erTi gza, rom ruseTis gaerTianebuli

demokratiuli ojaxi ar gapartaxebuliyo

da demokratiis suverenobis adgili jgu-

fis batonobas da Zaldatanebas ar daeWira.

marTalia dRes ruseTi mborgav zRvas war-

moadgens, marTalia boboqrobs iq sazoga-

doebrivi cxovreba, magram, moqalaqeno, es

imis momaswavebeli rodia TiTqos demokra-

tia Tavis navTsayudels gadadiodes,

piriqiT mas umzadeben xangrZliv damarcx-

ebas da kidev ufro met Savbnel dReebs.

damarcxda saerTo gziT siaruli ruseTis

demokratiasTan, gaCnda meore SesaZleblo-

ba. Cven mogvwyvites ruseTs, Cven Cvens sa-

kuTar Zalis da bedis anabara dagvtoves aq,

maSin rodesac Cven vicodiT, rom gvyavda

iseTi mezobeli, sadac aziuri despotiuri

weswyobilebas jer kidev mkvidri safuZve-

li aqvs da dRes Tu ara, xval am despotizmis

msxverpli unda gavmxdariyaviT. dadga meo-

re momenti, rodesac kavkasionis qedis aqeT

mcxovreb xalxTaTvis Seiqmna iseTi mdgo-

mareoba, saerTo ZaliT SesaZlebeli iyo

saerTo keTildReobis gamoWedva, magram es

ese ar moxda. me aq ar gamoudgebi mizezebis

gamorkvevas. es istorias mivandoT. dad-

ga aseTi mdgomareoba, roca TviTeul ers,

- 112 -


TviTeul demokratias TviT unda ezrunva

Tavis Tavze da ai gasul wlis 26 maisidan

dawyobili dRevandlamdin, saqarTvelos

demokratia viTa gaafrTebuli lomi ebrZ-

vis, rom SeinarCunos monapovari didebul

revoliuciisa Tavis miwa wyalze. ase moi-

surva saqarTvelos demokratiam Tavisi Ta-

vis gamorkveva da am gzas adgia is dResac.

ai Sedegi Tavganwirul brZolisa moqalaqe-

no, man Tavisi wminda droSa, saqarTvelos

demokratiis saukeTeso Svilebis sisxliT

ganbanili, moitana aq, ai am damfuZnebel

krebaSi da mogiwodaT Tqven, rom ganagr-

ZoT es saSviliSvilo, damoukideblobisT-

vis saarsebo mniSvnelilobis saqmis keTeba.

moqalaqeno, Cven gvinda erTi ram. nuravin

SegviSlis xels am muSaobis dros, Cven

gvinda ganvacxadoT aqedan da gvsurs, rom

es Cveni gancxadeba isminos mTelma kaco-

briobam da saTanado angariSi gauwios mas,

Cven gvinda azia davtovoT, evropis saerTo

xalxTa ojaxSi SevideT, da Cveni ZaliT, da

sxvis daxmarebiTac, Tu es daxmareba vis-

mesgan gveRirseba gavxdeT sworuflebi-

ani wevri evropiul xalxebTan, evropiul

demokratiaTa da maT saxelmwifoTa saer-

To ojaxisa (taSi). Cven gvinda, rom gaigos

es yvelam, gauwios amas angariSi, me mgoni

rom is evropis saxelmwifoebi, romlis war-

momadgenlebi dRes arian aq, didi brita-

neTi, ganTqmuli Tavis demokratiul kon-

stituciiT, didi revoliuciis akvani didi

safrangeTi, demokratiuli Sveicaria, didi

amerika, amas saTanado angariSs gauweven, da

marTlac, rom Cven gvergeba wili am sakaco-

brio lozungis ganxorcielebis dros,

romlis ZaliT mcire eris da mis demokra-

tias saSualeba unda mieces Tavis sakuTari

bedi TiTon gamosWedos (taSi). dasasrul,

batonebo, xazi gausvaT kidev erT garemoe-

bas. aq arian warmomadgenelni Cven mezobel

saxelmwifoebisa, norC respublikebisa,

me nebas vaZlev Cem Tavs, mivmarTo maT mx-

olod erTi surviliT. Cven xelT aris Cve-

ni xalxisa, Cveni demokratiis bed-iRbali,

Cven SegviZlian davangrioT am erebis bed-

niereba, samudamo saflavi moumzadoT maT

da maTs idealebs. magram Cven xelT aris

agreTve gamovWedoT maTTvis saukeTeso

momavali da me mgonia, rom es SegveZleba

mxolod maSin, rodesac Cven, mezoblebTan

erTad, saerTo gziT xeli xelT Cakidebu-

li, Zmurad vivliT. maSin Cveni mtrebi arc

ise saSiSroebi iqmnebian. me visurveb, rom

ai aseTi gza agveRo Cven yvelas da saer-

To gonebrivi, sulieri da fizikuri Zal-

Ta SeerTebiT gvebrZolna saukeTeso mo-

mavlisTvis (taSi).

erTxel kidev momeciT neba, uRrmesi

madloba mogiZRvnaT im did ndobisTvis, da

TqvenTan erTad SevZaxo! gaumarjos Tavi-

sufal, damoukidebel, demokratiul saqa-

rTvelos damfuZnebel krebas, gaumarjos

Cvens stumrebs da maT saxelmwifoebs da

maT mier warmodgenil demokratias (taSi).

Semdegi sakiTxi, romlis gadawyveta

da gadaWra dRevandel wesrigSi aris na-

varaudevi, es gaxlavT Semdegi, aqti damou-

kideblobisa, neba momeciT mogaxsenoT: ...

kiTxulobs... exla batonebo keTil inebeT

da xeli moawereT am didebul aqts, me neba

momeciT daviwyo mTavrobis Tavmjdom-

ariT (xels aweren aqts). Semdeg sakiTxebi

dRevandel wesrigSi aRar aris Semotani-

li. aris winadadeba, am winadadebaSi aris

ori sakiTxi, erTi Sesaxeb Semdgom sxdomis

dRis daniSvnisa, da meore dRiur wesri-

gis mier. winadadeba aris Semotanili so-

cial-demokratiis fraqciis mier. am wina-

dadebiT morigi sxdoma unda dainiSnos zeg

14 marts dilis 12 saaTze. jer es sakiTxi

unda gadavwyvitoT. sxva winadadeba ar aris.

neba momeciT uyaro kenWi. vin aris momxre,

rom sxdo ma dainiSnos 14-s. winaaRmdegi ar-

avin aris. maSasadame damfuZnebel krebis

sxdoma iqneba 14 marts 12 saaTze. Semdegi

sakiTxi Seexeba dRiur wesrigs damfuZneb-

el krebisa, winadadeba gaxlavT Semdegi:

pirvel sakiTxad gaxlavT prezidiumis da-

narCen wevrebis arCeva da meore, mTavrobis

moxseneba. es ori sakiTxi mxolod aqvs ganz-

raxuli social-demokratiis fraqcias, Tu

- 113 -


isurvebT raimes damatebas, am cvlilebas

TiTon im krebaze gadaswyvetT, radganac

damfuZnebel krebas surs, rom jer-jero-

biT dRiur wesrigSi iyos ori sakiTxi, pir-

veli, prezidiumis arCeva da meore, mTav-

robis moxseneba. amiT dRevandeli sxdoma

gaTavebulia. aris erTi winadadeba da Txov-

na, me mgoni, rom krebas araferi eqneba sawi-

naaRmdego. ai, aq aris sinematografiuli da

fotografiuli aparati da Txoulobs es

didebuli momenti aRbeWdili iqmnes.

batonebo, dRiuri wesrigi gaTavebulia

da unda mogaxsenoT, rom damoukideblobis

aqti erTxmaT aris miRebuli~92.

deputateebi fexze mdgomni usmend-

nen aleqsandre lomTaTiZes, rodesac is

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqts kiTx-

ulobda. deputatebma aqtze xelismowera

13 saaTsa 30 wuTze daiwyes. sanam grZel-

deboda aqtze xelismowera, silibistro

jiblaZe, noe ramiSvili da sxvebi sasaxlis

win Sekrebil sazogadoebasTan mividnen da

miesalmnen qarTul da rusul enebze. xalxi

oratorebis gamosvlebs `gaumarjos saqa-

rTvelos~ ZaxiliT Sexvda93.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqts

damfuZnebeli krebis 99 wevrma moawera xeli

(vinc eswreboda sxdomas). sasaxlis aivanze

orkestrma saqarTvelos himni daukra, ro-

melsac xalxi `vaSas~ ZaxiliT Sexvda. saqa-

rTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli sx-

doma 13 saaTsa da 45 wuTze daixura94.

14:00 saaTze damfuZnebeli krebis Tav-

mjdomaris moadgilem aleqsandre lomTa-

TiZem da samxedro ministrma aleqsandre

nevelis saxelobis samxedro taZris gala-

vanTan saqarTvelos mexuTe qveiTi polkis

jariskacebs pirveli samxedro droSa ga-

dasces95.


marti, #59, gv. 2.


marti, #58, gv. 3.


marti, #58, gv. 3.


marti, #58, gv. 3.

amdenad, saqarTvelos pirveli arCeuli

parlamentis _ damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli

sxdoma 1919 wlis 12 marts Catarda. sxdomas

eswrebodnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi

leonide, sasuliero pirebi, mTavrobis, sxva-

dasxva dawesebulebebis, ucxo saxelmwifoTa

warmomadgenlebi. sxdomaze damtkicda saqa-

rTvelos damoukideblobis aqti, romelic

deputatebma masze xelmoweriT daadastures.

- 114 -


Levan Jikia

The first mee ng of Cons tuent Assembly of Georgia

Resume

The first mee ng of Cons tuent Assembly of Georgia was held on the 12th of March, 1919 in Tbilisi. According to the regula ons the first mee ng of the cons t-uent assembly was to be opened by the elder Deputy. Mr. Niko Nikoladze was not in Tbilisi at that me and respec vely this honor was granted to Mr. Silibistro Jibladze who made a great speech and addressed to the depu es and audience. At the very first mee ng Mr. Nikoloz Chkheidze was chosen as the chairman of the cons tuent assembly and Mr. Aleksandre Lomta dze _ as the Deputy to the chairman. As Ni-koloz Chkheidze was not in Tbilisi Mr. Aleksandre Lomta dze chaired the mee ng. At the first mee ng the Independence Act of Georgia was approved that was con-firmed by the depu es’ signatures.

- 115 -

damoukideblobis deklaraciis miRe-

ba da qarTuli saxelmwifos aRdgena, buneb-

rivia, ar iyo istoriuli SemTxveviToba. es

epoqaluri movlena, Tu SeiZleba ase iTq-

vas, winaswar iyo gansazRvruli procesTa

mdinarebiT, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli

moZraobis saukunovan tendenciaTa nakadiT

da istoriuli kanonzomierebis realizaci-

is aqts warmoadgenda.

qarTvelma erma da misma sazogado-

ebriv-politikurma Zalebma moxerxebulad

gamoiyenes pirveli msoflio omis Sedegad

gamowveuli e. w. „imperiebis krizisi“ (dai-

Sala germaniis, avstria-ungreTis, ruseTi-

sa da osmaleTis imperiebi), saerTaSoriso

sistemis struqturuli transformaciisa

da msoflio wesrigis cvlilebis morigi

procesi da am procesis farglebSi, ruse-

Tis caristuli imperiis ngrevis kvalobaze

aRadgines qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifo-

ebrioba.

1918 wlis 26 maisi uaRresad Rirebuli

da mniSvnelovani TariRia saqarTvelos

istoriaSi. es Rirebuleba da mniSvnelad-

oba upirateswilad gansazRvrulia im ga-

remoebiT, rom 26 maisi aris 1918-1921 ww.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

mesaZirkvle, „damoukideblobis 1028 dRis“

safuZvelCamyreli. es „1028 dRe“, saqarT-

velos pirveli respublikis qronometraJi

rom Semoxaza, sruliad gansakuTrebuli

stadiaa qarTveli erisa da qarTuli sa-

xelmwifos mravalsaukunovan istoriaSi.

swored 26 maisma da misiT safuZvelCayril-

ma „1028 dRem“ Seqmna axali tipis qarTuli

saxelmwifoebrivi organizmi da sociopo-

litikuri landSafti _ respublikanizmi,

kon stitucionalizmi, parlamentarizmi,

mra val partiuli demokratia sampolusiani

partiul-politikuri sistemiT, sayovel-

Tao saarCevno ufleba, socialuri soli-

daroba, samarTlebrivi da prevenciuli

saxelmwifos sawyisebi, tipologiurad da

funqciurad axleburi diplomatiuri sis-

tema. Tanamedrove saxelmwifoebrivi yofie-

rebis yvela es mxare pirvelad saqarTvelos

istoriaSi 26 maisma Seqmna da daamkvidra.

amdenad, 26 maisi aris qarTuli politikuri

modernis amosavali TariRi.

rac Seexeba 26 maisis fenomenis asaxvas

qarTul socialur cnobierebaSi da kon-

kretulad istoriografiaSi: ukve meoTxed

saukuneze metia, rac sdr warmoadgens is-

toriuli Semecnebis obieqts, komunistu-

dazmir jojuadazmir jojua

profesori

saqarTvelo da evropa 1918-1921 wlebSi1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos erovnulma sabWom miiRo damoukideblobis aqti

da Camoayaliba pirveli koaliciuri mTavroba. ase Caeyara safuZveli qarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobis Tvisobrivad axal struqturas _ saqarTvelos demokratiul

respublikas.

- 116 -

dazmir jojua dazmir jojua

ri ideologiis marwuxebisagan Tavisufa-

li istoriografiis, ase vTqvaT, sagnobriv

faqtors. am mxriv bevri ram aris gakeTe-

buli: konceptualuri da meTodologiuri

pluralizmis pirobebSi Seswavlilia ro-

gorc 1918-1921 ww. istoria mTlianobaSi,

iseve imdroindeli saSinao da sagareo po-

litikis, saxelmwifoebrivi da instituciu-

ri mSeneblobis, socialur-ekonomikuri da

kulturuli ganviTarebis calkeuli arse-

biTi mxareebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukve

arsebobs „saqarTvelos demokratiuli re-

spublikis istoria“, rogorc kompleqsuri,

sistematizebuli da struqturulad mTli-

ani modeli, romelSic Tavs iyris Sesabamisi

sferos yvela an TiTqmis yvela aspeqti.

magram saWiroa sakvlevaZiebo procesis

Semdgomi ganviTareba, axali sadiskusio sa-

kiTxebisa da problemuri Sreebis gamoyofa

da kvleva, gansakuTrebiT im sferoebSi, sa-

dac dasmuli problemebi bolomde gadawy-

vetili ar aris an gadawyvetilia garkveuli

ideologiuri mimarTulebis safuZvelze.

aseTi sakiTxebia, magaliTad, 1918 wlis 24

ivnisis samTavrobo cvlileba, „demokrati-

uli socializmis“ Teoriisa da praqtikis

xedva (wvrili sakuTreba, biznesis ganviTa-

reba, agraruli sfero, erovnuli sakiTxi

da sxv.), municipaluri ganviTareba regio-

nebis mixedviT, „saingilos sakiTxi“, samxe-

dro-politikuri pretorianizmi (saxalxo

gvardiisa da misi Stabis gavlena politi-

kur procesebze), diferencirebuli insti-

tuciuri kvlevebi (damfuZnebeli kreba, ar-

mia, sasamarTlo sistema da a. S.).

mniSvnelovani problemuri Sreebis ga-

moyofa SeiZleba sdr-s sagareo politikisa

da diplomatiis sferoSi, romlebic dRemde

ar qceula specialuri kvlevis obieqtad.

aseTebia, magaliTad, qarTuli diplomatiu-

ri sistemis formireba, sagareo-politiku-

ri prioritetebis konceptualuri analizi

(n. Jordanias cnobili formula _ „mirCevnia

dasavleTis imperialistebi aRmosavleTis

barbarosebs“!), qarTuli diplomatiis spe-

cifikuri saqmianoba qveynis damoukideblo-

bis strategiuli saerTaSoriso garantiebis

uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, germanuli

da britanuli garantiebis SedarebiTi Ses-

wavla, urTierTobani arazesaxelmwifoeb-

Tan da ruseTis antibolSevikur centreb-

Tan da a. S. am problemebis specialuri

kvleva, cxadia, axal faqtebsac warmoaCens

da axal-axal realiebs Semoitans Cvens is-

toriul azrovnebaSi. cxadia isic, rom am

procesSi ganze unda gadavdoT movlenebis

calmxrivi Sefaseba, ideuri eqstazisi da

erTgvari heroizmi. kvleva unda daeyrdnos

racionalur analizs, faqtebis detaliza-

cias, formulirebaTa sizustes da argu-

mentaciis sicxades, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels

Seuwyobs axali kvleviTi sqemebisa da stra-

tegiebis gamokveTas.

swored amgvar kvleviT interess eqvem-

debareba winamdebare narkvevi, romelic Se-

exeba 1918-1921 ww. saqarTvelos saerTaSo-

riso politikis mniSvnelovan seqtors _

urTierTobas evropis wamyvan saxelmwifo-

ebTan, imdroindeli globaluri politikis

ZiriTad aqtorebTan. imTaviTve aRvniSnavT,

rom narkvevi miznad ar isaxavs aRniSnuli

problemis yovlismomcvel da srulyofil

gadmocemas. misi amocana ufro mokrZale-

buli da konkretulia, saxeldobr: evropis

mTavar saxelmwifoebTan saqarTvelos ur-

TierTobis ZiriTadi tendenciebis da evro-

puli orientaciis arsebiTi, niSandoblivi

faqtorebis, „evropuli politikis“ integ-

raciuli rolis warmoCena.

saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis sa-

gareo politikis arsebiTi mimarTuleba

iyo evropis saxelmwifoebTan mWidro po-

litikuri, diplomatiuri, strategiuli,

savaWro-ekonomikuri da kulturuli ur-

TierTobebis damyareba da SeZlebisdagva-

rad intensiuri ganviTareba. evropeizms,

rogorc sagareo politikis prioritets

erTgvarad avsebda da konkretul-taqtiku-

ri TvalsazrisiT zurgs umagrebda evro-

pocentrizmis diplomatiuri koncefcia. es

koncefcia emyareboda proevropuli kursis

pirveladobis da Seuqcevadobis principebs.

- 117 -


es kursi saqarTvelosTvis iyo istoriuli,

tradiciuli, dafuZnebuli kulturul-ge-

netikur kodze da civilizaciur arqetipeb-

ze. meore mxriv, evropocentrizmi gulisx-

mobda evropuli orientaciis (ase vTqvaT,

evrodiplomatiis) centralur adgils sa-

qarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sa-

gareo politikis saerTo procesSi.

evropeizmi, rogorc sagareo politikis

prioriteti, da evropocentrizmi, rogorc

diplomatiuri koncefciis safuZveli _ es

ori fenomeni sistemur mTlianobaSi qmni-

da saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis saer-

TaSoriso politikis bazas.

saqarTvelos sagareo orientaciis,

saerTaSoriso politikis prioritetebi-

sa da diplomatiuri koncefciis ZiriTadi

principebi xazgasmul iqna damoukideblo-

bis aqtis or muxlSi:

mesame muxliT gamocxadda eventual-

uri neitralitetis kursi: „saerTaSoriso

omianobaSi saqarTvelo mudmivi neitralu-

ri saxelmwifoa“.

meoTxe muxlSi ki dafiqsirda saqarT-

velos demokratiuli respublikis survili

„saerTaSoriso urTierTobis yvela wevrTan

keTilmezobluri ganwyobilebis“ da nor-

maluri, urTierTsasargeblo urTierTo-

bebis damyarebisaken96.

magram saWiro iyo 1918 wlis konkret-

ul-istoriul viTarebaSi arsebuli saer-

TaSoriso koniunqturidan gamomdinare,

saqarTvelos politikuri arsebobis uz-

runvelyofa _ anu aucilebeli iyo damou-

kideblobis uzrunvelyofa strategiuli

saerTaSoriso garantiebiT. es garemoeba

axalgazrda qarTuli diplomatiis winaSe

ayenebda sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis prob-

lemaTa mTel wyebas _ 26 maisis deklaraci-

iT gamocxadebuli suverenitetis saer-

TaSoriso cnobas da mis garantirebas,

ucxoeTis qveynebTan diplomatiuri da

sakonsulo urTierTobebis damyareba-gan-

96 aleqsandre bendianiSvili. saqarTvelos pir-

veli respublika (1918-1921 w.w.). Tbilisi, 2001, gv.

100.

mtkicebas, ruseTis bolSevikuri reJimi-

sa da antibolSevikuri centrebis mxridan

agresiuli politikis blokirebas, evro-

pis wamyvan saxelmwifoebTan politikuri,

savaWro-ekonomikuri da kulturuli urT-

ierTkavSirebis ganviTarebas da a. S. amasTan,

damoukideblobis gamocxadebis momentSi qa-

rTuli sagareo politikis interesebi arse-

biTad koncentrirebuli iyo erT umTavres

prioritetze _ damoukideblobis global-

ur legalizaciaze da saerTaSoriso safuZ-

vlebis Seqmnaze. am mxriv ki yvelaze per-

speqtiuli mimarTulebebis arCeva xdeboda

saerTaSoriso arenaze ZalTa Tanafardobis

konfiguraciis mixedviT. 1918 wlis gazaf-

xul-zafxulSi saerTaSoriso ZalTa gan-

lagebam da, ase vTqvaT, globalurma kon-

teqstma saqarTvelos politikuri elita

progermanul orientaciaze daayena: arCeul

iqna progermanuli kursi da saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis, misi sazRvrebis dacvis,

aseve osmaleTis imperiis aneqsionisturi

politikis neitralizaciis garanti gaxda

germania da misi hegemonobis qveS moqmedi e.

w. „centralur-evropuli bloki“.

1918 wlis 11 maisi-4 ivnisis baTumis

sazavo konferenciaze germaniam gadamwyve-

ti gavlena moaxdina saqarTvelos damou-

kideblobis gamocxadebis ideis praqti-

kul doqtrinad gadaqcevaze. amasTan, isic

unda aRiniSnos (es gvinda Tu ar gvinda,

eWvmiucemeli faqtia), rom swored ger-

maniis delegaciis erTgvarma zewolam ga-

napiroba qarTveli politikuri mesveure-

bis (gansakuTrebiT n. Jordanias jgufis)

saboloo da Seuqcevadi dadgoma damou-

kideblobisa da ruseTisagan iuridiuli

gamoyofis platformaze. amas naTlad

adasturebs germaniis delegaciis meTau-

ris, gen. fon losovisa da ak. Cxenkelis

separatuli molaparakebebi, ak. Cxenkelis

saidumlo werilebi baTumidan erovnuli

sabWosa da n. Jordanias misamarTiT 12-

14 maiss, n. Jordanias konfidencialuri

viziti baTumSi da misi saidumlo molapa-

rakeba fon losovTan 21-22 maiss, aseve

- 118 -


sakuTriv erovnul sabWoSi sakiTxis ganx-

ilvis masalebi97.

fon losovTan molaparakebis safuZ-

velze, ak. Cxenkelma Seadgina specialuri

gegma, romlis Tanaxmad zavi unda dade-

buliyo ara marto osmaleTTan, aramed mis

mokavSireebTanac anu germaniasa da avst-

ria-ungreTTan. amasTan, germaniasTan zavs

unda hqonoda samxedro-politikuri xel-

Sekrulebis forma da unda uzrunveleyo

saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso mfarveloba

germaniis mxridan, osmaleTis agresiisagan

dacvis saxiT.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ga-

mocxadebidan mesame dRes, 1918 wlis 28

maiss q. foTSi saqarTvelos sagareo saqme-

Ta ministrma akaki Cxenkelma da germaniis

warmomadgenlobis meTaurma fon losovma

xeli moaweres 6 saxelSekrulebo da sakon-

vencio dokuments. foTis SeTanxmebaTa pa-

ketSi yvelaze mTavari iyo „germania-saqa-

rTvelos droebiTi SeTanxmeba winaswari

urTierTdamokidebulebis damyarebis Ses-

axeb“. SeTanxmebis mixedviT, germania de

faqto cnobda saqarTvelos damoukide-

blobas da kisrulobda mis saerTaSoriso

proteqcias, maT Soris osmaleTis agresiis

aRkveTas, am ukanasknelze Sidakoaliciuri

zewolis gziT. saqarTvelo aRiarebda 1918

wlis 3 martis brestis zavis pirobebs, ne-

bas aZlevda germanias omis damTavrebamde

esargebla saqarTvelos sanavsadguro da

sarkinigzo infrastruqturiT.

droebiTi SeTanxmeba male unda Se-

cv liliyo saxelmwifoTaSorisi xelSek-

rulebiT. yovlismomcveli sabaziso

xe l Sekrulebis momzadebasTan dakavSire-

buli sakiTxebis mosawesrigeblad germani-

aSi gaigzavna delegacia, romlis Semadgen-

lobaSi Sediodnen ak. Cxenkeli, n. nikolaZe

da sagareo saqmeTa saministros mTavari

saxelmwifo mrCeveli z. avaliSvili. deleg-

97 ix. vaxtang guruli. 1918 wlis 26 maisi

(narkvevi. dokumentebi da masalebi). Tbilisi, 2011;

apolon silagaZe, vaxtang guruli. saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgena 1917-

1918. Tbilisi, 1998.

acias imavdroulad germaniaSi saqarTvelos

diplomatiuri misiis funqciebic hqonda.

ori damatebiTi SeTanxmebidan, pirveli

exeboda saqarTvelos mier germaniaSi sesx-

is aRebis finansur da teqnikur sakiTxebs,

paritetul sawyisebze qarTul-germanuli

samTo-samrewvelo saaqcionero sazogadoe-

bis daarsebas, germaniis valdebulebebs

saqarTvelosTan sazRvao komunikaciis uz-

runvelyofisa da samrewvelo saqonlisa da

pirveladi moTxovnilebis sagnebis Semota-

nis sferoSi. meore damatebiTi SeTanxmeba

awesrigebda saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi ger-

maneli kolonistebis uflebriv mdgomareo-

basTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs98.

uaRresad didi mniSvneloba hqonda

germaniis mxridan saqarTvelos damoukide-

blobis saerTaSoriso xazis uzrunvely-

ofis dapirebas da ruseTisagan gamoyofis

samarTlebrivi proceduris mxardaWeris

mzadyofnas. saqarTvelos mTavrobisadmi

imave 28 maiss gagzavnil saidumlo werilSi

generali fon losovi aRniSnavda: „germaniis

mTavroba acxadebs, rom mzad aris daexmaros

saqarTvelos mTavrobas ruseTis mTavrobas-

Tan ruseTis imperiis Semadgenlobidan ga-

mosvlis gamo molaparakebaSi da, gamoyofis

Semdeg, icnos saqarTvelo Tavisufal da da-

moukidebel saxelmwifod... germania miiRebs

zomebs, raTa daxmareba gauwios saqarTve-

los sazRvrebis dacvaSi da mezobel saxel-

mwifoebTan urTierTganwyobilebis dam-

yarebaSi... amasTan davsZenT, rom germanias

saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi Semaval miwa-wylad

miaCnia yofili tfilisisa da quTaisis gu-

berniebi da soxumis olqi“99.

germaniam Zalian mcire period-

Si Seasrula es proteqcionistuli val-

debulebebi, cxadia, sakuTari interesebisa

98 zurab avaliSvili. saqarTvelos damoukide-

bloba 1918-1921 wlebis saerTaSoriso politikaSi.

Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 86-87.



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 89; rusudan dauSvili. 8 epizo-

di qarTul-germanuli urTierTobebis istoriidan.

Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 120-122.

- 119 -


da strategiuli gansazRvrulobis CarCo-

Si. 1918 wlis 27 agvistos xelmowerili

germania-ruseTis damatebiTi oqmis (e. i.

brestis xelSekrulebis damatebis) XIII mux-

lSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom ruseTi Tanaxmaa

germaniam scnos saqarTvelos damoukide-

bloba. saqarTvelos suverenitetis saer-

TaSoriso aRiarebis „evropuli fanjris“

gaRebasTan erTad, es TavisTavad bol-

Sevikuri ruseTis mxridan saqarTvelos

de faqto cnobasac niSnavda da, amdenad,

didmniSvnelovani aqti iyo.

germaneli tyveebisagan Sedgenili

SeiaraRebuli SenaerTi axalSeqmnil qar-

Tul erovnul nawilebTan erTad uSual-

od monawileobda osmaluri agresiis Ses-

aCereblad gamiznul brZolebSi guriis

frontzec (mag., natanebis xidTan) da qvemo

qarTlSic (md. xramTan). swored germani-

is aqtiuri samxedro mxardaWeriT SeZlo

saqarTvelom orive strategiul mimar-

Tulebaze stabiluri TavdacviTi xazebis

Seqmna. xolo foTis SeTanxmebebis Semdeg

ki osmaluri intervenciis masStabebis ga-

farToeba, 1918 wlis 4 ivnisis iZulebiTi

xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli teritori-

uli sivrcis (baTumis olqi, axalcixisa

da axalqalaqis mazrebi) farglebs gareT,

faqtobrivad gamoiricxa.

germaniam maleve daniSna saqarTveloSi

sakuTari diplomatiuri warmomadgenloba

graf verner fon Sulenburgis meTaurobiT.

ivnisis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos teri-

toriaze Semovida germaniis samxedro-saeqs-

pedicio korpusi gen. fridrix kres fon

kresenStainis sardlobiT. germaniis sa-

jariso nawilebis yofnas saqarTvelos ter-

itoriaze aSkarad gamoxatuli partnioru-

li strategiuli servitutis forma hqonda.

es jari Semosuli iyo saqarTvelos mTav-

robis TanxmobiT, mis mTavar daniSnulebas

warmoadgenda qveynis sazRvrebis dacva da

upirates SemTxvevebSi moqmedebda saqarT-

velos mTavrobis gankargulebebis Tanaxmad

an saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebuli

strategiuli mmarTvelobis reJimSi.

avstria-ungreTis samxedro misias

meTaurobda generali frankenStaini. ger-

maniis diplomatiurma da samxedro misiebma

mniSvnelovani daxmareba gauwies saqarTve-

los saxelmwifoebrivi organizmis gamarT-

visa da Sinapolitikuri stabilizaciis

damyarebaSi, aseve saxelmwifoebrivi mSene-

blobis araerT sferoSi nayofieri safuZv-

lebis CayraSi (mag., saqarTvelos samxedro

saministros da generaluri Stabis Camoy-

alibebaSi, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SeqmnaSi,

pirveli qarTuli erovnuli samxedro do-

qtrinis Sedgenasa da sxv.)100. mTlianobaSi

germaniis warmomadgenloba TavSekavebulad

moqmedebda, pativs scemda saqarTvelos su-

verenul uflebebs, ZiriTadad moRvaweob-

da axalfexadgmuli qarTuli saxelmwifos

sasicocxlo saWiroebebze operatiuli rea-

girebis atmosferoSi.

sakmaod nayofierad da konstruqciul

viTarebaSi warimarTa saqarTvelos deleg-

aciis molaparakebebi berlinSi germaniis

mTavrobis warmomadgenlebTan da umaRlesi

ierarqiis calkeul jgufebTan 1918 wlis

ivnis-agvistoSi. sagangebod unda aRiniS-

nos, rom es gaxlavT axali tipis qarTu-

li saxelmwifos diplomatiuri aqtivobis

pirveli talRa da es talRa ukavSirdeba

swored evropasTan, am SemTxvevaSi ger-

maniasTan urTierTobebis ganviTarebas. es

iyo qarTuli evropeizmis da diplomatiu-

ri evropocentrizmis pirveli praqtikuli

gamovlineba saqarTvelos istoriaSi, maTi

erTgvari warmatebisa da pragmatuli re-

alizaciis konteqstSi. swored am garemoe-

bas usvamda xazs z. avaliSvili, rodesac

werda: „germaniis orientaciaSi“ Tavidanve

iyo raRac ufro Rrma, raRac uSualod da-

kavSirebuli eris TviTdamkvidrebis Seg-

nebasTan, im erisa, romelic knindeboda

mecxramete da meoce saukunis ganmavloba-

Si ruseTis saxelmwifoebriobis pirobebis

gamo. aq Tavi iCina miswrafebamac, ramde-

100 fr. k. kresenStaini. Cemi misia kavkasiaSi (ger-

manulidan Targmna n. muSkudianma). quTaisi, 2002, gv.

23-58.

- 120 -


nadac SeiZleba uSualod davaxlovebodiT

evropas, romelic warmodgenili hqonda qa-

rTvel ers, rogorc umTavresi kera yovel-

gvari kulturuli moZraobisa“101.

TvalsaCino qarTveli diplomatisa da

sdr-s sagareo politikis erT-erTi arqite-

qtoris es sityvebi globaluri procese-

bisadmi saqarTvelos Tvisobrivad axlebu-

ri mimarTebis da saerTaSoriso funqciis

adaptaciis guldasmiT gaazrebis Sedegia.

1918 wlis mais-noembris germanuli ori-

entacia, saqarTvelos strategiuli da us-

afrTxoebiTi interesebis TvalsazrisiTac

da axalSeqmnili qarTuli saxelmwifos

saerTaSoriso politikis prioritetebis

kuTxiTac, gacilebiT vrceli da integri-

rebuli platforma iyo, vidre sakuTriv

germaniasTan samokavSireo urTierToba.

es iyo zogadevropuli veqtoris, evropul

sistemaSi srulfasovani CarTvis, „ruseTis

orientaciaze“ uaris Tqmis da evropasTan

daaxloebis strategiiT misi Canacvlebis

gamovlineba. es iyo evropuli orientaciis

pirveli varianti, ase vTqvaT, adaptaciuri

faza (romelsac z. avaliSvili „germanul

anu Suaevropul variants“ uwodebs. meore

varianti, ase vTqvaT, koncentraciis an kon-

solidaciis faza iqneba urTierToba antan-

tasTan, romelsac z. avaliSvilis analogiiT

SeiZleba vuwodoT britanul-franguli anu

dasavleTevropuli varianti).

rac Seexeba konkretulad „germanul

orientacias“, Sinaarsobrivad is iTval-

iswinebda saqarTvelo-germaniis xangr-

Zliv da nayofier TanamSromlobas samx-

edro-strategiuli mokavSireobis (e. i.

blokuri diplomatiisa da aliansebis

sistemaze orientirebuli sagareo poli-

tikis) safuZvelze; germanias unda daecva

saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da usafrTx-

oeba, unda ezruna saqarTvelos demokra-

tiuli respublikis suverenitetis saer-

TaSoriso cnobisaTvis, unda aRmoeCina



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 128.

fulad-sakredito da ekonomikuri daxmare-

ba. amis sanacvlod germanias eTmoboda gan-

sazRvruli politikuri da strategiuli

upiratesobani saqarTveloSi, aseve pref-

erenciebi ekonomikisa da sanavsadguro da

sarkinigzo infrastruqturis sferoebSi102.

yvelaze arsebiTi globaluri upirateso-

ba germaniisaTvis imaSi mdgomareobda, rom

saqarTvelosTan aliansiT mas eZleoda saku-

Tari „aRmosavluri politikis“ interesebis

ganxorcielebis efeqturi SesaZleblobani.

qarTul-germanuli monarqistuli ali-

ansis proeqti (romelic garkveul jgufebSi

SemuSavda da iTvaliswinebda saqarTveloSi

„avtonomiuri monarqiis“ aRdgenas vilhelm

II-is umcrosi vaJiSvilis, princ ioahim ho-

hencolernis gamefebiT da maCablis asul-

ze misi daqorwinebiT) imTaviTve uaryofil

iqna da arc SeutaniaT berlinis molapar-

akebebis dRis wesrigSi.

1918 wlis 12 ivliss berlinSi xelmow-

eril iqna saqarTvelo-germaniis ekonomi-

kuri xelSekrulebebi (exeboda WiaTuris

manganumis saaqcionero sazogadoebis, Wia-

Tura-Sorapnis sarkinigzo xazis saeqsp-

loatacio saaqcionero sazogadoebisa

da foTis navsadguris saeqsploatacio

saaqcionero sazogadoebis daarsebas), xolo

15 agvistos _ finansuri konvencia grZel-

vadiani kreditis Sesaxeb.103 3 oqtombrisaT-

vis faqtobrivad mzad iyo xelmowerisaT-

vis saqarTvelo-germaniis yovlismomcveli

CarCo xelSekruleba, rogorc samokavSireo

politikuri urTierTobebis momavali le-

galuri bazisi.

magram 1918 wlis oqtomber-noembris

movlenebma radikalurad Secvales ZalTa

ganlageba msoflioSi da mTeli saerTaSo-

riso sistemis geopolitikuri struqturis

transformaciasac daudes saTave. noembris



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 133-134.

103 mamia dRvilava. saqarTvelo-germaniis ur-

TierToba 1918-1921 w.w. disertacia istoriis mecnie-

rebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveb-

lad. Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 82.

- 121 -


revoluciam germaniaSi, rasac mohyva ho-

hencolernTa monarqiis damxoba, da pirvel

msoflio omSi antantis mier germaniisa da

misi mokavSireebis damarcxebam (11 noembris

kompienis pleriminaluri dazavebis safuZ-

velze) wertili dausva qarTuli diplo-

matiis progermanul kurss. urTierTobebi

germaniasTan grZeldeboda, magram maT ar

hqondaT strategiuli Semadgeneli da min-

imaluri kontaqtebis xaziT viTardebod-

nen. samxedro misiam, cxadia, datova saqa-

rTvelos teritoria, xolo diplomatiur

warmomadgenlobas, graf fon Sulenburgis

gawvevis Semdeg xelmZRvanelobda doqtori

rauSneri104.

pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg axlo aR-

mosavleTis umetesi nawili da samxreT ka-

vkasia gaxda didi britaneTis eqskluziuri

kontrolis zona, faqtobrivad britanuli

geostrategiuli regioni. jer kidev 1917

wlis 23 dekembers inglisma da safrangeT-

ma xeli moaweres parizis konvencias „ruse-

Tis sakiTxSi“ antantis politikis koor-

dinaciis Sesaxeb. es ganapiroba ruseTSi

momxdarma bolSevikurma gadatrialebam

da qveynis omidan gamosvlam. „ruseTis

sakiTxad“ antantis mesveurTa Tvalsawi-

erSi moiazreboda problemaTa kompleq-

si, dakavSirebuli ara marto bolSevikur

reJimTan da ruseTis teritoriaze samo-

qalaqo omis dros arsebul antibolSevi-

kur centrebTan, aramed caristuli eqsim-

periis yofil sivrceSi TviTgamorkveul

erovnul saxelmwifoebTanac. amdenad,

antantis strategiul gegmebsa da poli-

tikur doqtrinebSi saqarTvelo ganix-

ileboda „ruseTis sakiTxis“ nawilad da,

SeiZleba iTqvas, ruseTis TeTrgvardiuli

dajgufebebis (umTavresad general deni-

kinis restavraciuli reJimis) interesebis

prizmaSi. es faqtori SemdgomSi xdeboda

garkveuli Sida daZabulobisa da faruli

krizisebis gamomwvevi saqarTvelo-antan-

tis urTierTobebSi.

104 guram SaraZe. saqarTvelos demokratiuli re-

spublika da sagareo politika. Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 146.

parizis konvenciis teritoriuli

muxlebis Tanaxmad, franguli interese-

bis zonaSi Sevida yirimi, besarabia da

ukraina, xolo samxreT kavkasia (anatoli-

asTan erTad) britanuli gavlenis zonaSi

aRmoCnda. antanta-TurqeTs Soris 1918

wlis 30 oqtombers xelmowerili mudro-

sis xelSekrulebis ZaliT, TurqeTs unda

daecala samxreT kavkasia. saqarTvelo-

saTvis am faqts, cxadia, dadebiTi mniSvn-

eloba hqonda: 1918 wlis 4 ivnisis baTumis

kabaluri xelSekrulebis denonsacia da

TurqeTis mier okupirebuli terito-

riebis datoveba iZleoda samuslimano

saqarTvelosa da axalcixe-axalqalaqis

mazrebze teritoriuli suverenitetis

aRdgenis SesaZleblobas.

Seqmnili viTarebis pirobebSi yvelaze

upirvelesi amocana iyo Secvlili saer-

TaSoriso koniunqturisadmi adaptaciuri

reJimis Camoyalibeba da mis farglebSi

uaRresad frTxili da pragmatuli moq-

medeba. saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis uz-

runvelyofis, misi damoukideblobis aR-

iarebis da saerTaSoriso garantiebis

sakiTxi logikurad daukavSirda antantis

koaliciasTan, masSi Semaval saxelmwi-

foebTan (omis Sedegebis geostrategiuli

ganzomilebis gamo _ ZiriTadad inglisTan)

urTierTobebis daregulirebas. qarTuli

diplomatiac uSualod gadaerTo evropu-

li orientaciis meore variantze _ dasav-

leTevropul, proantantur variantze. es

transformacia, romelic saqarTvelosa-

gan absoluturad damoukidebeli garemoe-

bebis gamo moxda da romeli garemoebebis

sakuTrivkavkasiur aspeqtSic ki saqarTve-

lo ufro zewolis obieqti iyo, vidre mo-

qmedi subieqti, savsebiT axsnadia „inter-

esis“ kategoriis safuZvelze. mas yvelaze

reliefurad warmoaCens h. palmerstonis

cnobili sityvebi: „Cven ara gvyavs mud-

mivi mokavSireebi da mudmivi mtrebi, Cven

gvaqvs mudmivi, maradiuli interesebi.“

interesis kategoria saerTaSoriso poli-

tikaSi ganmsazRvrelia, xolo megobarTa

- 122 -


anu mokavSireTa da mterTa _ pirobiTi

da gansazRvruli, ganpirobebuli intere-

siT. interesis ucvleli uzenaesobis qveS

pirobaTa SecvliT icvlebian megobrebic

da mtrebic. es diplomatiis algoriTmia.

swored saerTaSoriso wesrigis arsebuli

sistemis Secvlam da am cvalebadobiT ga-

mowveulma pirobaTa cvlam, saqarTvelos

erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi interese-

bis uzenaesobis safuZvelze ganapiroba

sagareo orientaciis Secvla 1918 wlis Se-

modgomaze. amasTan, es iyo evropuli ori-

entaciis erTgvari konsolidacia _ gad-

asvla am orientaciis britanul-frangul

variantze, diplomatiuri veqtoris gada-

misamarTeba berlinidan parizsa da lon-

donSi. amgvari gadamisamarTeba, rogorc

wesi, aRiniSna Sesabamisi samTavrobo-sau-

wyebo cvlilebiTac: akaki Cxenkelis na-

cvlad, romelic ganasaxierebda qarTuli

diplomatiis progermanul xazs, 1918 wlis

26 noembers saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa

ministrad dainiSna proantanturi kursis

aqtiuri momxre ev. gegeWkori.

n. Jordanias mTavrobam daiwyo garkveu-

li urTierTobebis damyareba inglisTan da

safrangeTTan. arsebiTad es iyo erTgvari

diplomatiuri JondaJi saqarTvelos damou-

kideblobis aRiarebis winaswar pirobebTan

dakavSirebiT. imis gamo, rom germaniasTan

TanamSromlobis pirobebSi faqtobrivad

SeuZlebeli iyo inglis-safrangeTSi qarTu-

li diplomatiuri misiebis funqcionireba,

sawyis etapze gamoyenebul iqna neitralur

qveynebSi arsebuli arxebi, kerZod: ingli-

sisa da safrangeTis saelCoebi norvegiaSi

da niderlandebisa da SvedeTis saelCoebi

konstantinopolSi. aRniSnul diplomati-

ur warmomadgenlobebSi specialuri misia

daekisra z. avaliSvils.

1918 w. 7 seqtembers z. avaliSvili q.

qristianiaSi Sexvda safrangeTis elCs J.

bapsts da gadasca mas nota saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb.

elCTan saubarSi qarTvelma diplomatma

xazi gausva im garemoebebs, romlebmac ai-

Zules saqarTvelos mTavroba germaniasTan

TanamSromlobaze.105

9 seqtembers z. avaliSvils specialu-

ri audiencia hqonda norvegiaSi inglisis

elCTan, mansfeldt k. fidneisTan. azrTa

gaziarebis dros qarTvelma diplomatma

inglisis elCis winaSe gaakeTa gancxadeba,

rom saqarTvelom Tavis droze germanias

sTxova mfarveloba da daxmareba osmaleTis

agresiis SekavebisaTvis. amave dros, ger-

mania-saqarTvelos urTierTobis sakiTxi

man ruseTis bolSevikuri reJimis winaaRm-

deg brZolis saerTo strategiis fonze

warmoadgina da aRniSna: „germania samxreTSi

arsebiTad akeTebda imasve, rasac akeTeben

mis winaaRmdeg meomari mokavSireebi Crdi-

loeTSi, e. i. bolSevizmis lokalizacias“106.

Sexvedraze inglisis elCs gadaeca nota

1918 wlis 26 maisis aqtis Sesaxeb da memo-

randumi damoukideblobis aRiarebaze sa-

qarTvelos oficialuri Txovnis Sesaxeb.

avaliSvilis misiis meore etapi wari-

marTa konstantinopolSi, 1918 w. oqtomber-

Si. 14 oqtombers is Sexvda niderlandebis

elCs (romelic icavda inglisisa da safran-

geTis interesebs) da SvedeTis elCs (icavda

aSS-is interesebs). aqac dRis wesrigSi idga

tradiciuli sakiTxebi _ saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis cnoba, germaniasTan iZule-

biTi TanamSromlobis „gamarTleba“ da a. S.

garda amisa, qarTvelma diplomatma scada

niadagis mosinjva baTumis olqis saqarT-

velosTvis gadacemis sakiTxTan dakavSire-

biT. magram es mcdeloba amao gamodga107.

rogorc Cans, baTumis olqis britanuli

okupacia mudrosis dazavebis xelmoweramde

iyo dagegmili.

amrigad, norvegiasa da konstantino-

polSi z. avaliSvilis misias ori mTavari

105 zurab avaliSvili. saqarTvelos damoukideb-

loba 1918-1921 wlebis saerTaSoriso politikaSi.

Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 97-98.



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 97-98.G



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 114.

- 123 -


mizani hqonda: 1) germaniasTan TanamSrom-

lobis gamo antantis saxelmwifoTa winaSe

saqarTvelos reabilitacia; 2) inglisTan

da safrangeTTan momavali urTierTobebi-

saTvis pirobebis Semzadeba. SeiZleba iTq-

vas, rom misiam miaRwia Tavis daniSnulebas

da garkveuli roli Seasrula imdroindel

saerTaSoriso politikaSi „saqarTvelos sa-

kiTxis“ genezisis kuTxiT.

saqarTvelo-inglisis (da zogadad sa-

qarTvelo-antantis) urTierToba daiwyo

samxedro-strategiuli faziT da, ase vT-

qvaT, „samxedro diplomatiiT“. 1918 wlis

30 oqtombris mudrosis dazavebis pirobe-

bi, sxvaTaSoris, iTvaliswinebdnen saqarT-

veloSi inglisis samxedro yofnas.

1918w. 29 noembers safrangeTis par-

lamentSi gamosvlisas sagareo saqmeTa mi-

nistrma f. piSonma aRniSna, rom baTumSi,

odesasa da rumineTSi ganlagdebodnen mo-

kavSireTa jarebi. amasTan, man warmoadgina

premier-ministr J. klemansos instruqcia

generlebisadmi, romlis Tanaxmad antantis

strategiul amocanas Seadgenda ukrainis,

kavkasiis da aRm. ruseTis dacva bolSevike-

bis Tavdasxmebisagan da TavdacviTi fron-

tis Seqmna108.

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis dislokaciis

sakiTxze saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan aqti-

urad muSaobda inglisis politikuri misia

polkovnik jordanis meTaurobiT. 1918w.

24 dekembris notaSi e. gegeWkorma Tanxmo-

ba ganacxada saqarTveloSi inglisis jaris

Semosvlaze da aRuTqva yovelgvari daxma-

reba109.

1918w. 22 dekembers baTumis navsadgur-

Si Semovida didi britaneTis samxedro-sa-

zRvao xomaldebis jgufi da gadmosxa 20

aTasiani kontingenti. 25 dekembers brita-

nuli jaris pirveli batalioni Semovida

TbilisSi. dekembris bolosTvis ZiriTadSi

dasrulda saqarTveloSi inglisis jarebis



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 204.

109 Документы и материалы по внешней политике Закавказья и Грузии. Тифлис, 1919, gv. 427.

dislokacia: maT daikaves mniSvnelovani ad-

ministraciul-strategiuli punqtebi (Tbi-

lisi, quTaisi, samtredia, mcxeTa, gori,

duSeTi, jvris uReltexili da sxv.), baTu-

mi-Tbilisis sarkinigzo xazi, mniSvnelovani

navsadgurebi (baTumi, foTi da soxumi), sa-

dac moaxdines sazRvao Zalebis aRwera da

kontroli daaweses portebis funqcionire-

baze.

saqarTveloSi myofi samxedro Zalebi

erTiandebodnen britaneTis 27-e diviziaSi.

maT xelmZRvanelobda general-maiori fo-

restie-uokeri, romelic mogvianebiT dai-

niSna amierkavkasiaSi britaneTis jarebis

mTavarsardlad.

saqarTvelos danarCeni teritoriisag-

an gansxvavebiT, q. baTumsa da baTumis ol-

qSi ingliselebma politikuri mmarTvelo-

bis funqciebic aiRes da konstantinopolis

britanul mTavarsardlobas uSualod daq-

vemdebarebuli saokupacio reJimi daaweses:

Seqmnes sageneralgubernatoro, romlis sa-

TaveSi Caayenes general-maiori kuk-koli-

si110.

amdenad, saqarTvelo-inglisis ur-

TierToba „samxedro diplomatiis“ faziT

daiwyo da ingliselebi saqarTveloSi, um-

Tavresad, saomari miznebiT da „ruseTis

sakiTxSi“ d. loid jorjis mTavrobis pro-

TeTrgvardiuli strategiuli amocanebis

ganxorcielebisaTvis modiodnen. amitom

maT interesebSi ar Sedioda (yovel SemTx-

vevaSi, uaRresad minimizebuli iyo) poli-

tikuri da ekonomikuri gegmebi, maT Soris

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis cnoba da

misi dacva. amasTan, saqarTvelos yofili

progermanuli orientaciis faqtoric mo-

qmedebda da qmnida undoblobisa da erT-

gvari sifrTxilis atmosferos. londoni-

saTvis es ar iyo mxolod diplomatiuri

orientaciis veqtoris „mexsiereba“, aramed

omis daskvniT etapze qarTul-germanuli

aliansi, aliansi, romelic uzrunvelyof-

da strategiul derefans germaniisaTvis

110 r. cuxiSvili. inglis-saqarTvelos urTi-

erToba 1918-1921 w.w. Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 21.

- 124 -


inglisur axlo aRmosavleTSi SesaWrelad.

swored aRniSnuli garemoebebiT unda yo-

filiyo ganpirobebuli inglisis dest-

ruqciuli pozicia saqarTvelo-somxeTis

urTierTobebSi (1918 w. oqtombris kon-

fliqtisa da dekembris omis dros), aseve

saqarTvelosa da denikinis reJimis samxe-

dro konfliqtis dros (1918-1919 ww.).

inglis-saqarTvelos urTierTobis da-

sawyisi inglisisaTvis pirveli msoflio

omisa (antigermanizmi) da ruseTis imperiis

ganviTarebis („ruseTis sakiTxSi“ prodenik-

inizmi) saerTo kanonzomierebebiT iyo gan-

pirobebuli. urTierTobebis ganpirobeba

sakuTriv saxelmwifoTaSorisi da diploma-

tiuri kanonzomierebebiT, maTi „aRnusxva“

realuri interesebiT moxda mogvianebiT da

amaSi, sxvaTaSoris, didi roli Seasrula

parizis sazavo konferenciam.

parizis sazavo konferencia mimdina-

reobda 1919 wlis 18 ianvridan 1920 wlis 21

ianvramde. mis umTavres daniSnulebas war-

moadgenda pirveli msoflio omis Sedegebis

saxelSekrulebo gaformeba da saerTaSo-

riso urTierTobaTa axali sistemis, „ver-

sal-vaSingtonis sistemis“ (igive „versalis

geopolitikuri epoqis“) Camoyalibeba. ger-

maniasTan (1919w. 28 ivniss versalSi) da mis

yofil mokavSireebTan (avstriasTan 1919w.

12 seqtembers sen-JermenSi, bulgareTTan

1919w. 27 noembers neiaSi, ungreTTan 1920w.

4 ivniss trianonSi, TurqeTTan 1920w. 10 ag-

vistos sevrSi) sazavo xelSekrulebebis da-

debis garda, konferenciam Seqmna pirveli

universaluri saerTaSoriso organizacia

_ erTa liga (ligis statuti miRebul iqna

1919 wlis 28 aprils).

parizis sazavo konferencia, rogorc

globaluri diplomatiis aqti, uaRresad

specifikur da progresuli tendencie-

bis ganmaviTarebel movlenas warmoadgen-

da msoflio diplomatiis istoriaSi. amave

TvalsazrisiT, konferenciis „moedani“ qm-

nida saqarTvelos damoukideblobis saer-

TaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis warmatebuli

brZolis koniunqturas. ratom? pirvel

msoflio oms Sedegad mohyva ramdenime im-

periis daSla da teritoriuli danawevre-

ba. germaniis, ruseTis, avstria-ungreTisa

da osmaleTis imperiebis daSlis Sedegad

warmoiSva erovnul saxelmwifoTa siste-

ma. germaniis imperiis dezintegracias ar

gamouwvevia axali saxelmwifoebis Seqm-

na, radganac es iyo koloniuri, Talasok-

ratiuli imperia da yofili metropoliis

kontrolisagan gamoTavisuflebeli te-

ritoriebi isev koloniebad gadanawilda

omSi gamarjvebulTa Soris. nawilobrivi

analogiiT igives Tqma SeiZleba osmaleTis

imperiazec, romlis araTurquli terito-

riebis umetes nawilSi inglis-safrangeTis

samandato reJimebi damyarda. rac Sexeba

ruseTisa da avstria-ungreTis imperiebis

daSlas, am procesebs Sedegad mohyva axali

erovnuli saxelmwifoebis warmoqmna. amas-

Tan, axali saxelmwifoebi Seiqmna erovnuli

TviTgamorkvevis formiT da ara aRniSnuli

imperiebis metropoliuri teritoriebis

miTvisebis safuZvelze, ris gamoc is isto-

riuli samarTlianobis aqts warmoadgenda.

erTi sityviT, dasrulda venis kon-

gresis mier 1814-1815 wlebSi dafuZnebuli

geopolitikuri epoqa, romelic emyarebo-

da teritoriuli sivrcis kontrolis im-

periul princips. daiwyo axali, versalis

geopolitikuri epoqa ZalTa axali balan-

siT (inglis-safrangeTis bloki) da gavle-

nis zonebis axali sazRvrebiT (centralu-

ri da samxreT-aRmosavleT evropa-mcire

azia-axlo aRmosavleTi-kavkasia). am zo-

nebSi moeqcnen axali saxelmwifoebi. saer-

TaSoriso politikis Tvisobrivi siaxle

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sistemaSi

am qveynebis CarTvis, maTTan politiku-

ri da ekonomikuri urTierTobebis damya-

rebis saWiroebis gacnobierebaSi mdgo-

mareobda. yovel SemTxvevaSi ase Canda v.

vilsonis „14 punqtis“, d. loid jorjis

„fontenblos memorandumis“, a. brianis

„deklaraciis“, „otel kriionis komisiis

oqmis“ da parizis konferenciis sxva do-

kumentebis teqstebidan.

- 125 -


amgvaradve dainaxa saerTaSoriso pro-

cesis axali pulsacia saqarTvelos mTav-

robamac (oRond denikinTan da somxeTTan

konfliqtebis dros inglisis mier gamoCeni-

li poziciis gamo odnav muq da realistur

ferebSi). 1918 wlis 21 noembris sxdomaze

damtkicebul iqna parizis konferenciaze

gasagzavni saqarTvelos delegacia n. Cxei-

Zis (Tavmjdomare), ir. wereTlis, d. Ram-

baSiZis, k. gvarjalaZis da z. avaliSvilis

(mTavari mrCeveli) SemadgenlobiT. delega-

cias hqonda specialuri uflebamosileba,

ganexila da mieRo oficialuri gadawyveti-

lebani, Seesrulebina saelCosa da sakonsu-

los funqciebi, ewarmoebina dainteresebul

saxelmwifoebTan savaWro-ekonomikuri da

finansuri xasiaTis molaparakebani da a.

S. misi mTavari daniSnuleba ki iyo parizis

konferenciis platformis gamoyeneba sa-

qarTvelos damoukideblobis saerTaSori-

so cnobisaTvis, saerTaSoriso politikis

suverenuli subieqtis xarisxSi.

delegacia evropaSi funqcionirebda

1919w. martidan 1920w. bolomde (n. CxeiZe

TbilisSi dabrunda 1920w. 22 dekembers111).

akreditaciisa da uflebamosilebis cnobis

Semdeg is gaxda sdr-s umTavresi diploma-

tiuri misia da politikuri warmomadgen-

loba ucxoeTSi.

1919 wlis 14 marts saqarTvelos deleg-

aciam parizis sazavo konferencias warud-

gina memorandumi. „saqarTvelos respub-

likis delegacias aqvs pativi, _ aRniSnuli

iyo memorandumSi, _ acnobos did saxelm-

wifoebs, romelTa warmomadgenlebma Tavi

moiyares versalis sazavo konferenciaze,

cnon saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. deleg-

acia am saxelmwifoebis yuradRebas miaqcevs

Txovnis Rrma saxalxo xasiaTs. saqarTvelos

damoukidebloba _ es aris cocxali realo-

ba, romelic elis mxolod didi saxelmwi-

foebis mier aRiarebas...“112

111 nestan kirTaZe. evropa da damoukidebeli

saqarTvelo (1919-1923 ww.). Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 40.

112 ilia tabaRua. saqarTvelo da evropis saxel-

mwifoebi 1918-1921. _ gazeTi `Tbilisi~, 1989, 12

ivlisi.

memorandums Tan erTvoda saqarTvelos

teritoriis ruka, qveyanaSi arsebuli poli-

tikuri mdgomareobis lakonuri analizi da

ekonomikuri resursebis (maT Soris evro-

pasa da azias Soris satranzito funqciis)

aRweriloba.

magram aRniSnul etapze parizis saza-

vo konferenciam uari Tqva saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis aRiarebaze, „ruseTis

sakiTxis“ farglebSi da ruseTis TeTrg-

vardiuli moZraobis lozungis _ „erTiani

da ganuyofeli ruseTis“ _ mxardaWeris

safuZvelze. 1919 wlis konkretul-isto-

riul viTarebaSi TeTrgvardiuli, igive

restavraciuli moZraoba sakmaod mZlavri

faqtori iyo rogorc TviT ruseTSi, iseve

saerTaSoriso arenaze. mTeli saerTaSor-

iso samyaro ruseTis liderad aRiarebda

admiral a. kolCaks („kanonieri umaRlesi

mmarTvelis“ xarisxSi), xolo legitimur

mTavrobad e.w. „omskis direqtorias“. admi-

ral a. kolCakisa da general a. denikinis

SeiaraRebuli SenaerTebi akontrolebdnen

samxreT, samxreT-dasavleT da aRmosav-

leT ruseTis mniSvnelovan nawils. garda

amisa, restavraciuli moZraoba xasiaTde-

boda ara mxolod teritoriebis samxedro

kontroliT, aramed kontrolirebad re-

gionebSi im droisaTvis stabiluri anti-

bolSevikuri saxelisuflebo struqture-

biT. restavraciuli moZraoba gavleniani

politikuri faqtori iyo evropaSic Tavisi

diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobebiT, maT

Soris misiiT parizis konferenciaze, ro-

melsac xelmZRvanelobda yofili sagareo

saqmeTa ministri s. sazonovi.

damoukideblobis cnobaze uaris Tqmis

sanacvlod, antantis umaRlesma sabWom

miiRo winaswari idea saqarTveloze saman-

dato proteqtoratis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb.

amasTan, es periodi obieqturad daemTxva

didi britaneTis globalur strategiaSi da

konkretulad „kavkasiur politikaSi“ momx-

dar cvlilebebs. 1919 wlis martSi qveynis

xelisuflebis umaRles eSelonebSi moxda

axali gadajgufeba, ramac gavlena moaxdina

- 126 -


sagareo-politikur kursze; sagareo saqme-

Ta ministri gaxda j.n. kerzoni, samxedro

ministri _ u. CerCili, armiis generaluri

Stabis ufrosi _ h. vilsoni. am sameulma

daiwyo aSkara zewola premier-ministr d.

loid jorjze sagareo politikaSi kore-

qtivebis Setanis moTxovniT. axali kursis

saerTo sistemaSi Sevida britanuli domi-

naciis regionebSi samxedro okupaciis masS-

tabebis Semcireba da moskovis bolSeviku-

ri reJimis winaaRmdeg brZolis gamkacreba.

axali prioritetebis pirveli nawili dRis

wesrigSi ayenebda amierkavkasiidan inglisis

jarebis evakuaciis sakiTxs. „Cven gavarkvi-

eT, _ wers u. CerCili, _ Semdegi RonisZie-

bebis aucilebloba... dauyovnebliv Sewydes

kavkasiaSi baqo-baTumis avantiura da Cveni

jarebi gamoyvanil iqnan im sapasuxismgeblo

mdgomareobidan, romelSiac isini aRmoCnd-

nen...”113 am garemoebamve warmoSva saqarTve-

loSi inglisis jarebis italiuri jarebiT

Canacvlebis da italiis samandato prote-

qtoratis damyarebis samxedro-politi-

kuri gegma. axali kursis meore nawili ki

ganapirobebda aRniSnul etapze oficial-

uri londonis distancirebas saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis cnobisagan, radganac

bolSevikuri reJimis winaaRmdeg brZolis

gamkacreba TavisTavad gulisxmobda TeTrg-

vardiuli moZraobis mier deklarirebuli

„erTiani da ganuyofeli ruseTis“ ideis mx-

ardaWeras. principSi analogiur poziciaze

idga oficialuri parizic114.

italiis jarebis saqarTveloSi gan-

lagebis gegma da saqarTvelo-italiis sa-

mandato paqtis idea, romlebic mTliano-

baSi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc samxreT

kavkasiaSi proitaliuri blokis Seqmnis

geostrategiuli proeqti, Zalian saintere-

so sakiTxia da, amave dros, specifikuric

saqarTvelo-evropis urTierTobebis Tval-

sazrisiT.

113 У. Черчиль. Мировой кризис. Москва, 1932, стр. 108.114 nestan kirTaZe. evropa da damoukidebeli

saqarTvelo (1919-1923 w.w.). Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 31-32.

1919 wlis 15 marts, parizis konfer-

enciis „oTxTa sabWos“ (J. klemanso, v.

vilsoni, d. loid jorji, v. orlando)

erT-erTi sxdomis dros, d. loid jorj-

ma italiis premier-ministrs v. orlandos

SesTavaza saqarTveloze italiis mandatis

dawesebis idea115. italielebma SesaniSna-

vad icodnen, rom britanuli diplomati-

is es manevri gamiznuli iyo saerTaSoriso

politikis sxva mimarTulebebisagan, ker-

Zod balkanur-adriatikuli da mcire azi-

uri regionaluri interesebisagan italiis

Camocilebisaken. magram oficialuri romi

daTanxmda aRniSnul SeTavazebaze da Seud-

ga am mimarTulebiT aqtiuri politikis ga-

tarebas.

loid jorjis SeTavazebidan ramden-

ime dReSi, parizis konferenciaze italiis

delegaciis generaluri mdivani l. a. mare-

skoti Sexvda britanel kolegebs da aniSna

maT italiis mzadyofnaze _ mieRo mandati

saqarTveloze (da azerbaijanze)116.

22 marts, mefis viqtor-emanuel III-is

sanqciiT, italiis ministrTa kabinetma

miiRo winaswari gadawyvetileba saqarT-

velosa da azerbaijanSi SeiaraRebuli Za-

lebis gagzavnis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetilebam

gansazRvra moqmedeba sami mimarTulebiT:

1. TbilisSi italiis samxedro misiis

gagzavna, romelsac daevaleba adgilze

gaecnos saqarTveloSi arsebul viTare-

bas, raTa mTavrobas mieces saboloo

gadawyvetilebis miRebis saSualeba; 2.

italiis armiis umaRlesi sardlobis mier

saqarTveloSi gasagzavni samxedro naw-

ilebis momzadeba; 3. italiisa da inglisis

armiebis generalur Stabebs Soris amier-

kavkasiidan inglisis jarebis evakuaciisa

da italiis jarebis Seyvanis operatiuli

sakiTxebis gadawyveta117.

115 C. Sforza. L’Italia dal 14 al 44, quale lo la vidi. Roma, 1945, gv. 85.116 Л. Альдрованди Марескотти. Диплома-тическая война. Москва, 1944, gv. 234.117 Archivio Storico del Ministero degli Esteri (ASME), Pos. 46, Caucaso, Allegato E., f. 41.

- 127 -


24 marts parizSi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen

inglisisa da italiis armiebis generaluri

Stabebis ufrosebi _ gen. h. vilsoni da gen.

a. diaci. Sexvedraze ganixiles jarebis Sec-

vlis proceduruli sakiTxebi da saqarT-

veloSi italiuri SenaerTebis dislokaci-

asTan dakavSirebuli problemebi.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos pozicias

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: qarTuli mxare

zogadad mandats, cxadia, miiCnevda sa-

qarTvelos damoukideblobis da suvereni-

tetis alternativad. mandatis arsis gan-

sazRvris es formula sruliad garkveviT

dafiqsirda saqarTvelos delegaciis spe-

cialur TaTbirze, romelic parizSi 1919

wlis 23 marts gaimarTa118. n. CxeiZe da ir.

wereTeli umarTebulod miiCnevdnen sa-

mandato proteqtoratze daTanxmebas da

moiTxovdnen damoukideblobis cnobaze

orientirebuli strategiuli kursis bo-

lomde miyvanas.

TaTbirze gansxvavebuli Tvalsazri-

siT gamovida z. avaliSvili. misi azriT,

damoukideblobis formaluri cnoba da

saqarTvelos „ganaTlebul erTa ojaxSi“

miReba strategiuli sagareo-politiku-

ri amocanaa. magram raki am etapze es ver

xerxdeba, saqarTvelos sWirdeba gareSe

daxmareba mandatari saxelmwifosagan.

miT umetes, rom mandati ganxorcieldeba

erTa ligis, rogorc uzenaesi institu-

tis, uflebiT, zedamxedvelobiT da kon-

troliT.

1919 wlis aprilis dasawyisSi n. Cxei-

Ze Sexvda parizis konferenciaze itali-

is delegaciis wevrs s. rajis da mrCevels

p. toretis. italielebma qarTuli mxare

daarwmunes imaSi, rom „inglisis jarebis ga-

moyvanis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli

italiuri jarebi ar Caerevian qveynis Sin-

aur saqmeebSi da maTi iq yofna daemorCile-

ba imave pirobebs, ra pirobebiTac iyvnen in-

gliselebi. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

118 zurab avaliSvili. saqarTvelos damoukideb-

loba 1918-1921 wlebis saerTaSoriso politikaSi.

Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 256-258.

cnobas konferenciaze italia yovelgvarad

Seuwyobs xels“119.

1919 wlis 8 aprils d. loid jorjma

da v. orlandom xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas

saqarTveloSi (da azerbaijanSi) samxedro

okupaciis pirobebis Sesaxeb, xolo 26 ap-

rils parizis konferenciis „oTxTa sabWom“

saqarTveloze italiuri mandatis dawesebis

punqti Seitana e. w. „pirobebis minimalur

sqemaSi“.

1919 wlis 9 maisidan 2 ivnisamde saqarT-

veloSi imyofeboda italiis samxedro-po-

litikuri misia (90-mde wevriT), generalu-

ri Stabis polkovnikis m. gabas meTaurobiT.

sayuradReboa, rom misiis SemadgenlobaSi

Sedioda italiis samefo dinastiis gavleni-

ani warmomadgeneli, savoiis princi edmondi.

saqarTveloze italiis mandatis dawesebis

SemTxvevaSi igi unda gamxdariyo „italiis sa-

mefos umaRlesi komisari saqarTveloSi“.

misiam aqtiuri diplomatiuri da poli-

tikuri saqmianoba awarmoa Tbilissa da re-

gionebSi, hqonda intensiuri molaparakebebi

samTavrobo struqturebsa (n. JordaniasTan

(14 maiss), e. gegeWkorTan (14 da 17 maiss), samxe-

dro ministris moadgile gen. gedevaniSvilT-

an (22 maiss) da sxv.) da damfuZnebel krebaSi

(13 maiss). 27 maiss misiis wevrebi estumrnen

tyibulsa da WiaTuras, geologiis cnobili

profesoris j. navarezes TanxlebiT. maT

daaTvalieres madnebi da gaecnen iq arsebul

saeqspluatacio reJimebs120.

saqarTveloSi misiis moRvaweobis121 aR-

weriloba m. gabam italiis mTavrobas 1919 w.

ivnisis dasawyisSi warudgina. gabas angari-

Sis safuZvelze, 10 ivniss italiis ministr-

Ta kabinetma miiRo moqmedebis xuTpunqtiani

strategiuli gegma: 1. samxedro Zalebis gan-

lageba strategiul obieqtebSi, sarkinigzo

xazis gaswvriv da dislokaciis sxva adg-

ilebSi; 2. samoqalaqo cxovrebis aRdgena da



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 261.

120 gazeTi `saxalxo saqme“, 1919, 28 maisi.

121 dazmir jojua. saqarTvelo-italiis urTier-

Toba 1919-1921 wlebSi. Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 76-96.

- 128 -


wesrigis damyareba, saqarTvelos mTavrobi-

sa da adgilobrivi administraciebis fun-

qciebSi Carevis gareSe; 3. saxelmwifos dax-

marebiTa da kerZo iniciativis saSualebiT

bunebrivi resursebis _ qvanaxSiris, mangan-

umis, spilenZisa da sxv. _ eqspluatacia; 4.

aqtiuri muSaoba mrewvelobisa da soflis

meurneobis dargebSi; 5. saqarTveloSi xel-

sayreli klimaturi pirobebis gamo, ital-

ielTa migraciis xelSewyoba122.

gadawyvetilebis miRebidan oriode kvi-

raSi ukve srul mzadyofnaSi iyo amierka-

vkasiaSi gasagzavni italiis saeqspedicio

korpusi (me-12 saarmio korpusi, sami msx-

vili SenaerTis _ ori qveiTTa diviziisa

da alpur msrolelTa polkis Semadgenlo-

biT) 40 aTasi jariskaciT, romlis sardlad

da iniSna generali penela. misi ZiriTadi

birTvi ukve gadasxmuli iyo samxedro-sa-

transporto xomaldebSi da q. torontos

navsadguridan foTis mimarTulebiT gasv-

lis brZanebas elodeboda. magram 1919 wlis

ivnisSi italiaSi ganviTarebuli politiku-

ri krizisis Sedegad v. orlandos kabineti

gadadga da 23 ivniss axali mTavroba Camoay-

aliba f. nitim.

f. nitim, zogadi liberaluri doqtrin-

idan gamomdinare, gamoacxada axali kursi

„saqarTvelos sakiTxSi“ _ samxedro-strate-

giuli aqtivobebis nacvlad yuradRebis ga-

datana diplomatiur-politikur mxardaW-

erasa da ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobebis

ganviTarebaze.

man pirvelive samTavrobo aqtiT gaau-

qma v. orlandos kabinetis gadawyvetileba

saqarTveloSi jarebis gagzavnis Sesaxeb.

amave periodSi analogiuri nabijebis

gadadgma daiwyo oficialurma londonmac.

saqarTveloSi inglisis politikis axali

periodis dasawyiss ganasaxierebda jarebis

gayvana (1919 wlis seqtemberSi) da politi-

kuri warmomadgenlobis meTaurad o. uor-

dropis daniSvna (1919w. agvistoSi)123.

122 Archivio Storico del Ministero degli Esteri (ASME). Pos 46, Caucaso, Allegato E, f. 41.123 r. cuxiSvili. inglis-saqarTvelos urTier-

saqarTveloSi italiuri samxedro eqs-

pediciis proeqtis CaSla, iseve rogorc

evropis wamyvan saxelmwifoTa politikis

zogadi tendencia, rogroc ukve aRvniS-

neT, ganpirobebuli iyo „ruseTis sakiTx-

iT“, konkretulad _ misi TeTrgvardiuli

segmentiT. evropa uars ambobda ruseTis

danawilebis legitimaciaze da saqarTve-

los damoukideblobis cnobaze, rogorc

amgvari legitimaciis pirobaze, ruseTis

restavraciuli moZraobisadmi angariSis

gawevis gamo. Tumca evropuli politikis

saerTo sistemaSi es sakiTxi sabolood

gansazRvruli ki ar iyo, aramed imyofe-

boda „gayinvis“ mdgomareobaSi, an, vTqvaT,

konservaciis fazaSi. yvelaferi damok-

idebuli iyo ruseTis samoqalaqo omis

mimdinareobaze.

1919 wlis 26 maiss antantis umaRlesma

sabWom nota gaugzavna „ruseTis umaRles

mmarTvels“ admiral kolCaks, am ukanaskne-

lis politikuri programisa da saerTaSo-

riso urTierTobebSi ruseTis politikis

ZiriTadi principebis warmodgenis TxovniT.

kolCakis sapasuxo notam, romelic 1919

wlis 4 ivnisiT TariRdeba124, kidev erTxel

daadastura ruseTis reaqciuli pozicia

ararusi erebis TviTgamorkvevis sakiTx-

Si. kolCakma kategoriulad moiTxova, rom

sakavSiro koaliciis saxelmwifoebs xeli

aeRoT „erovnuli jgufebis“, „kavkasiisa da

kaspiispira teritoriebis“ iuridiul aRi-

arebaze. sagulisxmoa, rom kolCaki saqarT-

velos moixsenebda ara saxelmwifod, aramed

„kavkasiis teritoriad“.

kolCakis notam didi aRSfoTeba gamoi-

wvia evropaSi myof erovnul saxelmwifoTa

diplomatiur misiebSi.

1919 wlis 18 ivniss gamoqveynda maTi

erToblivi deklaracia, romelsac xels

Toba 1918-1921 w.w. Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 67; beqa kobaxiZe.

samxreT kavkasiaSi misi udidebulesobis umaRlesi ko-

misris _ ser oliver uordropis roli qarTul-bri-

tanuli saxelmwifoebrivi urTierTobebis WrilSi.

Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 9-21.

124 Б. Штейн. “Русский вопрос“ на Парижской конференции. Москва, 1949, გვ. 243.

- 129 -


awerdnen CxeiZe (saqarTvelo), TofCibaSe-

vi (azerbaijani), meerovici (latvia), sido-

renko (ukraina), luSkeviCi (belorusia) da

priska (estoneTi). „gavecaniT ra „oTxTa

sabWosa“ da kolCaks Soris mimoweras, _ aR-

niSnuli iyo deklaraciaSi, _ didi saxelm-

wifoebis winaSe vacxadebT mtkice protests

da Txovnas politikuri damoukideblobis

uswrafesi cnobis Sesaxeb“125.

1919-1920 wlebis mijnaze samxe-

dro-strategiuli viTareba ruseTis sa-

moqalaqo omis frontebze radikalurad

Seicvala bolSevikuri reJimis sasargeb-

lod, Sesabamisad, Seicvala politikuri

mimarTeba evropaSi „ruseTis sakiTxisadmi“.

evropuli politikis saorientacio xazi

mniSvnelovanwilad swored ruseTis Te-

Trgvardiuli moZraobis mTavari Zalebis

ganadgurebam Secvala: „ruseTis sakiTxi“

im saxiT, ra saxiTac is aferxebda (ufro

metic, pirdapir blokavda) saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis cnobas, faqtobrivad

moixsna evropuli politikis velidan.

„ruseTis sakiTxis“ irgvliv saerTaSo-

riso-politikuri koniunqturis SecvlaSi

mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula antantis

umaRlesi sabWos 1919 wlis 12-13 dekem-

bris londonis TaTbirma. TaTbirma uaryo

ruseTSi pirdapiri samxedro intervenci-

is taqtika da axal prioritetad gansazR-

vra ruseTis farglebs gareT bolSevizmis

gavrcelebis Sekaveba, J. klemansos sity-

vebiT, „ruseTis sazRvrebis gayolebaze

ekliani mavTulis gavlebiT“126. maSasadame,

evropis did saxelmwifoTa axal strate-

giaSi fundamenturi roli erovnul sa-

xelmwifoebs daekisraT.

londonis TaTbirze diskusiis saga-

ni gaxda sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra for-

maluri saxe unda mieRo ruseTis irgvliv

organizebul „eklian mavTuls“. franguli

proeqti iTvaliswinebda antibolSevikur

125 Б. Штейн. “Русский вопрос“ на Парижской конференции. Москва, 1949, გვ. 244.126 Б. Штейн. “Русский вопрос“ на Парижской конференции. Москва, 1949, გვ. 386.

saxelmwifoTa federaciis Seqmnas, romel-

Sic Sevidodnen baltiis qveynebi, fine-

Ti, poloneTi, rumineTi, saqarTvelo da

azerbaijani. d. loid jorjma ki wamoaye-

na winadadeba, rom aRniSnuli saxelmwifo-

ebis damoukidebloba cal-calke ecnoT da

maTTvis daxmareba gaewiaT. saboloo rezo-

lucias safuZvlad „britanuli winadadeba“

daedo127.

1920 wlis 10 ianvars parizis konfe-

renciis xelmZRvanelma organoebma miiRes

uaRresad mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi:

delegaciebis meTaurTa umaRlesma sabWom

daadgina saqarTvelosTvis (da azerbaija-

nisTvis) ekonomikuri da samxedro daxma-

rebis (iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis miwodebis)

gaweva, xolo sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis

sabWom _ misi damoukideblobis de faqto

aRiareba. am ukanasknelis formalur safuZ-

vlad miRebul iqna e. gegeWkoris 1920 wlis

6 ianvris nota saqarTvelosTvis politi-

kuri da strategiuli daxmarebis Txovnis

Sesaxeb.

1920 wlis 11 ianvars parizis konferen-

ciis umaRlesma sabWom scno saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis damoukideblo-

ba de faqto128. es iyo didi mniSvnelobis is-

toriuli movlena, romelmac metad sainte-

reso furceli Cawera saqarTvelo-evropis

urTierTobebis istoriaSi.

1920 wlis pirvel naxevarSi evropis wamy-

van saxelmwifoebTan saqarTvelos urTier-

Tobis centraluri sakiTxi iyo „baTumis

sakiTxi“. baTumsa da mis olqze saxelmwifo

suverenitetis aRdgena saqarTvelos demo-

kratiuli respublikisaTvis strategiul

problemas warmoadgenda. magram Seqmnili

viTarebis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobda,

rom sakiTxi saerTaSoriso politikis Semad-

geneli nawili iyo da misi pozitiuri gadawy-

vetis garantiebis Seqmna antantis koaliciis

prerogativas warmoadgenda.

127 Б. Штейн. “Русский вопрос“ на Парижской конференции. Москва, 1949, გვ. 391.128 dazmir jojua. saqarTvelo-italiis urTier-


- 130 -


rodesac 1919 w. seqtemberSi inglisis

jarebma datoves danarCeni saqarTvelos

teritoria, isini darCnen baTumis olqSi.

SenarCunebul iqna britanuli saokupacio

reJimic sageneral-gubernatoros saxiT

(general-gubernatori kuk-kolisi).

qarTuli xazi „baTumis sakiTxSi“ iyo

calsaxa da ukompromiso _ samxedro-saok-

upacio reJimis gauqmeba da regionze saqa-

rTvelos iurisdiqciis aRdgena. qarTuli

pozicia emyareboda (da amdenad iyo samar-

Tlianic da Seuqcevadic) samuslimano saqa-

rTvelos warmomadgenelTa yrilobis (erT-

gvari plebiscitis) mier 1919 w. 31 agvistos

miRebul rezolucias, romelmac moiTxova

baTumis olqis saqarTvelosTan SeerTeba129.

1920 wlis ianvar-TebervalSi baTumis

olqSi gaaZlieres TavianTi ZirgamomTxreli

saqmianoba proTurquli da prodenikinuri

orientaciis Zalebma. saqarTvelos xelisu-

flebam kargad gaaanaliza Seqmnili saganga-

So situacia da olqis samudamo dakargvis

Tavidan acilebis mizniT gadawyvita samxe-

dro berketebis amoqmedeba: Tebervlis meo-

re naxevarSi n. Jordanias mTavrobam dai-

wyo regionSi samxedro saministrosa da

saxalxo gvardiis qvedanayofebis Seyvana

natanebi-qobuleTisa da axalcixe-artaan-

is mimarTulebiT. am faqtma gaamwvava saqa-

rTvelo-inglisis urTierToba da didi

zewolis Sedegad saqarTvelom SeaCera

operacia martis dasawyisSi. Tumca axal-

cixe-artaanis mimarTulebaze qarTulma

jarma moaswro garkveuli teritoriebis

dakaveba, eruSeTisa da artaanis istori-

ulad qarTul provinciebSi britanuli

saokupacio administraciis gauqmeba da

saqarTvelos adgilobrivi saxelisufle-

bo struqturebis Seqmna.

antantis umaRlesi sabWos londonis

konferenciaze (1920 w. 12 Tebervali-10

aprili) „baTumis sakiTxi“ specialuri

ganxilvis sagani gaxda. 13 marts miRebul

iqna „baTumis sakiTxis“ daregulirebis min-

129 gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, 1919, 2 se-

qtemberi.

imaluri sqema (maqsimaluri anu saboloo

formula unda mieRo momaval san-remos

konferencias ): baTumi cxaddeboda „Tav-

isufal qalaqad“ erTa ligis mmarTvelo-

bis qveS, xolo navsadgurSi wesdeboda Ta-

visufali statusi _ „porto franko“. am

samarTlebrivi da teritoriuli reJimis

dacvis mizniT ingliss, safrangeTsa da

italias unda SeeqmnaT gaerTianebuli gar-

nizoni proporciuli wesiT (TiTo-TiTo

batalioniT).

rac Seexeba baTumis olqs, minimalu-

ri sqema iTvaliswinebda mis danawilebas

saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris. olq-

is samxreTi nawili (arTvinis raioni) da

trapizonis vilaieTis nawili (istoriuli

lazistani) unda gadasuliyo somxeTis

SemadgenlobaSi130.

londonis konferenciis gadawyvetile-

bam masobrivi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia saqa-

rTveloSi. qveyanas gadauara masobrivi sap-

rotesto aqciebis talRam. 1920 wlis 19

marts damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo Semdegi

„rezolucia baTumis sakiTxis gamo“:

`1. miendos mTavrobas mtkice nabiji

gadadgas mokavSireTa mimarT, raTa

baTumi da misi olqi saqarTvelos

daubrundes;

2. daevalos damfuZnebeli krebis

prezidiums, mimarTos mokavSireTa

parlamentebs, raTa maT mxari dau-

Wiron qarTveli eris sasicocxlo

interesebis ganxorcielebas _ ba-

Tumis olqis saqarTvelosaTvis dab-

runebis sakiTxSi~131.

1920 wlis 18-26 aprilis san-remos

konferenciaze „baTumis sakiTxis” ganxil-

va mwvave debatebis fonze mimdinareobda.

amasTan, SeimCneoda evropis saxelmwifoTa

poziciebis garkveuli koreqtireba „ru-

sul sakiTxSi“. kerZod, maspinZeli mxaris

_ italiis iniciativiT, 25 aprilis sxdom-



Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 202.


marti.

- 131 -


aze konferenciam miiRo gadawyvetileba

ruseTTan savaWro-ekonomikuri SeTanxme-

bebis dadebis Sesaxeb132. antantis umaRlesi

ekonomikuri sabWos mudmivmoqmed komitets

daevala Sesabamisi molaparakebebis warmoe-

ba e.w. „krasinis misiasTan“.

san-remos konferenciis 23 aprilis ses-

iaze ganixiles „baTumis sakiTxis“ samxedro

aspeqtebi. marSal foSis xelmZRvanelobiT

moqmedi “samxedro eqspertTa komitetis“

mier momzadebuli daskvna emyareboda lon-

donis konferenciis „minimaluri sqemis“

moTxovnebs, magram italiis delegaciam

uari Tqva baTumSi samxedro qvedanayofebis

gagzavnaze. aman faqtobrivad CaSala „ba-

Tumis sakiTxis“ daregulirebis britanuli

proeqti da saerTod sakiTxic moxsna dRis

wesrigidan.

1920 wlis 7 maiss xelmoweril iqna

saqarTvelo-sabWoTa ruseTis xelSekrule-

ba, romlis ZaliTac bolSevikurma reJim-

ma aRiara saqarTvelos damoukidebloba,

suvereniteti da arsebuli sazRvrebi. xe-

lSekrulebis mexuTe muxlis Tanaxmad, n.

Jordanias mTavroba valdebulebas kisru-

lobda, xelSekrulebiT cnobil saqarTve-

los sazRvrebSi ar daeSva ucxo saxelmwi-

foTa jarebis ganlageba.

1920 wlis 10 ivniss inglisis mTavrobam

miiRo dadgenileba baTumis okupaciis mox-

snisa da mTeli olqis saqarTvelosTvis ga-

dacemis Sesaxeb133. 28 ivniss e. gegeWkorma

da polkovnikma stoqsma xeli moaweres saqa-

rTvelo-inglisis politikur SeTanxmebas

baTumisa da misi olqis saqarTvelosTvis

gadacemis Sesaxeb134. 7 ivliss saqarTvelos

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi baTumSi Sevidnen. ba-

Tumsa da mis olqze aRdgenil iqna saqa-

rTvelos suvereniteti, olqis sagangebo

komisrad dainiSna b. CxikviSvili.

1920 wlis agvisto _ 1921 wlis ianvarSi

gaimarTa saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa min-

132 E. Serra. Ni e la Russia. Bari, 1975, p. 104.133 r. cuxiSvili. inglis-saqarTvelos urTier-

Toba 1918-1921 ww. Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 107.

134 r. cuxiSvili. inglis-saqarTvelos urTier-

Toba 1918-1921 ww. Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 109.

istris e. gegeWkoris oficialuri viziti

evropaSi. vizitis ZiriTadi mizani iyo, ev-

ropis saxelmwifoebTan ormxrivi urTier-

Tobebis Semdgomi gaRrmavebis tradiciul

xazTan erTad, saqarTvelos damoukideblo-

bis de iure aRiarebis da erTa ligaSi gawev-

rianebis sakiTxebis aqtualizacia.

1920 wlis 30 agvistos romSi e. ge-

geWkori Sexvda italiis premier-ministrs

j. jolitis da sagareo saqmeTa ministrs

k. sforcas. Sexvedram urTierTsimpatiebi-

sa da konstruqciuli dialogis viTarebaSi

Caiara, ganxilul iqna ormxrivi ekonomikuri

urTierTobebis ganviTarebis sakiTxebi135.

ZiriTadi sakiTxis irgvliv italiis xe-

lmZRvanelobam daadastura keTilganwyo-

biTi damokidebuleba saqarTvelos saer-

TaSoriso statusis mimarT. miRweul iqna

SeTanxmeba, rom antantis umaRlesi sabWos

winaSe italia dasvamda saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis formalur-iuridiuli

cnobis sakiTxs.

safrangeTSi e. gegeWkors Sexvedrebi

hqonda prezident a. milieranTan, mTav-

robis Tavmjdomare J. leigTan da sagareo

saqmeTa ministr a. brianTan. parizis 1920

wlis 30 seqtembrisa da 1 oqtombris molapa-

rakebebis dros saqarTvelom miiRo safran-

geTis mtkice mxardaWera „damoukideblobis

de iure cnobis sakiTxSi, romelic aravi-

Tar ryevasa da eWvs ar iwvevs. saqarTvelos

respublikis damoukideblobis iuridiulad

cnoba yvela did saxelmwifoTa mier daag-

virgvinebs safrangeTis sagareo politikas

saqarTvelos sakiTxSi“136.

1920 wlis 18 seqtembers e. gegeWkori

londonSi Sexvda inglisis premier-minis-

trs d. loid jorjs da sagareo saqmeTa

ministr j. kerzons. aqac, cxadia, ganxilul

iqna saqarTvelos damoukideblobis for-

maluri aRiarebis irgvliv arsebuli prob-

lemebi137.


Toba 1919-1921 wlebSi. Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 176.


saqarTvelo (1919-1923 w.w.). Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 36


- 132 -


4 oqtombers saqarTvelos sagareo

saqmeTa ministri miwveul iqna inglisis par-

lamentis TemTa palataSi, sadac is Sexvda

liberaluri da konservatiuli fraqciebis

warmomadgenlebs. e. gegeWkorma maT gaac-

no saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTareba da mis

irgvliv Seqmnili regionaluri situacia,

gadasca TemTa palataSi gansaxilvelad mem-

orandumi da nota saqarTvelos damoukide-

blobis cnobis TxovniT.

aRniSnul periodSi saqarTvelo-ev-

ropis urTierTobebis yvelaze aqtualuri

da, amave dros, niSandoblivi sakiTxi gax-

da erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos gawevrianebis

sakiTxi. masSi erTbaSad da Tanac reliefu-

rad gamovlinda, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos

sruliad kanonzomieri swrafva saerTaSo-

riso organizaciaSi gawevrianebisaken da,

meore mxriv, evropis did saxelmwifoTa

specifikuri, strategiuli interesebis

Taviseburi gagebiT nakarnaxevi taqtikuri

midgomebi. es pirvel rigSi exeba ingliss

da konkretulad d. loid jorjis politi-

kur kurss: rodesac globaluri politikis

konteqstidan sruliad uceremoniod amoag-

deb bolSevikuri ruseTisa da qemalisturi

TurqeTis gaerTianebuli agresiis safrTx-

is qveS mdgom saqarTvelos, romelsac didi

mniSvneloba aqvs „aRmosavlur barbaroso-

basTan“ sazRvarze evropis civilizaciis

dacvis saqmeSi, da mas gacvli e. w. „kras-

inis misiasTan“ ekonomikuri molaparakebis

amwuTier Sedegebze, es oden konkretuli

interesis prioriteti ar gaxlavT da arc

mxolod „makiavelisturi diplomatiis“ gam-

ovlineba. es ufro strategiuli azrovnebis

sruli kolafsia im qveynis mxridan, romel-

ic, amerikuli izolacionizmisa da „monros

doqtrinis“ moqmedebis pirobebSi, war-

moadgenda wamyvan zesaxelmwifos maSindel

msoflioSi. saqarTvelos mxardaWera cal-

saxad amovarda inglisis geopolitikuri ge-

gmebidan da man Tavidan aicila misi dacvis

valdebuleba, rac yvelaze koncentrirebu-

saqarTvelo (1919-1923 w.w.). Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 38.

li saxiT swored erTa ligaSi „saqarTvelos

sakiTxis“ ganxilvis dros gamomJRavnda.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, parizis saza-

vo konferenciam erTa ligis statuti 1919

wlis 28 aprils daamtkica. is ZalaSi Sevida

1920 wlis 10 ianvars. erTa ligis pirveli

asamblea mowveul iqna JenevaSi 1920 wlis 15

noembers. misi pirveli generaluri mdivani

gaxda. e. driumoni.

statutis meaTe muxlSi aRniSnuli iyo:

„ligis wevrebi Tavs movaled Tvlian, pativ-

iT moepyran da yovelive gareSe Tavdasxmis-

gan daicvan teritoriuli xelSeuxebloba

da saxelmwifos exlandeli damoukideblo-

ba ligis yvela wevrisa. Tu adgili eqneba

Tavdasxmas, muqaras an Tavdasxmis saSiSroe-

bas, ligis sabWo moisazrebs im saSualebebs,

romlebic uzrunvelyofen miRebuli mova-

leobis sisruleSi moyvanas“138.

saqarTvelos gawevrianeba erTa li-

gaSi formalur-iuridiuli valdebulebis

kuTxiT niSnavda ligis wevri saxelmwifoe-

bis koleqtiuri aqciebis ganxorcielebas

sabWoTa ruseTis mimarT, am ukanasknelis

saqarTveloze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi.

sxva sakiTxia, rogor daicavda erTa liga

Tavisi wesdebis meaTe muxlis pirobebs139.

Tumca 20-iani wlebis dasawyisis saerTaSo-

riso cxovrebaSi amisi Teoriuli, wminda

hipoTeturi SesaZlebloba mainc arsebob-

da. miTumetes, rom maSin ruseTi ar iyo

aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis su-

bieqtad.

magram nebismier SemTxvevaSi erTa li-

gis wevroba ganapirobebda saqarTvelos

organul CarTulobas versal-vaSingtonis

138 guram SaraZe. saqarTvelos pirveli respub-

lika da sagareo politika. Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 171.

139 Semdgomma movlenebma daadastures, rom

erTa ligam ver Seasrula Tavisi ZiriTadi funqcia

_ saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrun-

velyofa, wevri qveynebis dacva gareSe intervenciebi-

sagan. misi strategiuli Cavardnebi ZiriTadSi modis

30-ian wlebze _ iaponia-CineTis (1931-1933 w.w. manju-

riis krizisi da 1937 w.), bolivia-paragvais (1932-1934

w.w.), italia-eTiopiis (1935-1936 w.w.), italia-alba-

neTis (1939 w.) da sabWoTa kavSir-fineTis (1939-1940

w.w.) omebis dros. verc erT SemTxvevaSi erTa ligam

ver daicva agresiis obieqti saxelmwifo.

- 133 -


saerTaSoriso sistemaSi da misi sagareo

politikuri mdgomareobis ganmtkicebas.

saqarTvelos warmomadgenlobebma ev-

ropaSi gaaCaRes cxoveli diplomatiuri

saqmianoba erTa ligis mimarTulebiT. am

procesSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen qarT-

veli diplomatebi _ z. avaliSvili, Sveica-

riaSi saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli m. sum-

baTaSvili, saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli

erTa ligasTan x. SaviSvili da sxv.

1920 wlis 12-16 oqtombers q. milanSi

gaimarTa erTa ligis asociaciaTa IV kongre-

si. masSi „erTa ligis saqarTvelos sazoga-

doebas“140 warmoadgenda italiaSi qarTuli

diplomatiuri misiis wevri n. jayeli. misi

moxsenebis Semdeg kongresma miiRo saqarT-

velos gawevrianebisadmi keTilganwyobili

rezolucia141.

erTa ligis wevrobis msurvel saxel-

mwifoTa kandidaturebis SesarCevad erTa

ligis asambleam Seqmna mexuTe komisia. saqa-

rTvelos gawevrianebis sakiTxs ixilavda am

komisiis mesame qvekomisia norvegieli di-

plomatis, f. nansenis xelmZRvanelobiT142.

miuxedavad qvekomisiis dadebiTi re-

komendaciisa, mexuTe komisiam Tavis daskv-

naSi uari Tqva saqarTvelos miRebaze. daskv-

na Sedgeboda Semdegi ori punqtisagan: „a)

saqarTvelos Suamdgomloba ganxilul iqna

TanagrZnobiT, magram mdgomareoba krebas

ar aZlevs nebas gamoitanos saboloo dad-

genileba;

b) krebis Semdgomi gadawyvetilebebis

molodinSi saqarTvelos SeuZlia monawil-

eoba miiRos ligis saerTo mniSvnelobis te-

qnikur organizaciebSi“143.

1920 wlis 16 dekembers erTa ligis asam-

bleam, aTi xmiT Tormetis winaaRmdeg (sakiTx-

is dadebiTad gadawyvetas saWiroebda 16 xma,

140 Seiqmna 1919 w. 7 dekembers damfuZnebeli kre-

bis vice-spikeris aleqsandre lomTaTiZis Tavmjdo-

mareobiT.




saqarTvelo (1919-1923 ww.). Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 156.

143 guram SaraZe. saqarTvelos pirveli respub-

lika da sagareo politika. Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 175.

anu wevrTa saerTo raodenobis (24) ori mes-

amedi), uari Tqva saqarTvelos miRebaze. ami-

si erTaderTi mizezi iyo inglis-safrange-

Tis obstruqcia. „inglisisa da safrangeTis

opoziciam erTa ligis wevrad saqarTvelos

arCeva SeuZlebeli gaxada“ _ werda saqarTve-

los delegacia n. Jordanias.

zustad amave dros britanulma diplo-

matiam gadadga morigi destruqciuli nabi-

ji: 1920 wlis 22 dekembers ruseTis warmo-

madgenel l. krasinTan Sexvedrisas d. loid

jorjma im regionebs Soris, sadac ruseTs

xeli unda aeRo antiinglisur moqmedebaze,

daasaxela mcire azia, sparseTi, avRaneTi da

indoeTi, maSin, rodesac adre SemuSavebuli

savaWro xelSekrulebis proeqtis preambu-

laSi kavkasiac iyo dasaxelebuli144. amiT

loid jorjis mTavrobam oficialurad

daadastura ruseTis interesebis zonad

saqarTvelo.

1920 wlis 24 dekembers e. gegeWkorma

notiT mimarTa italiis sagareo saqmeTa mi-

nistrs k. sforcas. „aiRebs ra Tavis Tavze

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis de iure cno-

bis sakiTxis dayenebas mokavSireTa winaSe, _

werda qarTveli ministri, _ am iniciativiT

italia aRmouCens qarTvel xalxs umniSvne-

lovanes samsaxurs, romelsac is arasodes ar

daiviwyebs“145. sforcam gegeWkoris mimarTva,

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis iuridiuli

cnobis saTanado argumentaciasTan erTad

antantis umaRles sabWoSi 1921 wlis 24 ian-

vars waradgina. sakiTxi ganixiles antantis

wevri saxelmwifoebis premier-ministrTa da

sagareo saqmeTa ministrTa gaerTianebul se-

siaze. 26 ianvars sesiam miiRo dadgenileba,

romelic iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos iu-

ridiul aRiarebas misi oficialuri warmo-

madgenlis mier warmodgenili „formaluri

Txovnis“ safuZvelze. e. gegeWkorma dauyov-

nebliv waradgina aseTi Txovna oficialuri

notis saxiT.

144 r. cuxiSvili. inglis-saqarTvelos urTier-

Toba 1918-1921 w.w. Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 115.


Toba 1919-1921 wlebSi. Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 185.

- 134 -


1921 wlis 27 ianvars antantis umaRles-

ma sabWom miiRo aqti saqarTvelos respu-

blikis damoukideblobis de iure cnobis

Sesaxeb.

27 ianvris aqti, misgan gamomdinare po-

litikuri, uflebrivi da ekonomikuri Se-

degebiT, didi mniSvnelobis movlenas war-

moadgenda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos

istoriaSi. pirvelad istoriaSi saqarT-

velos saxelmwifom miiRo saerTaSoriso

uflebaunarianoba da gaxda saerTaSoriso

samarTlis sruluflebiani subieqti.

magram evropuli politikisa da saqa-

rTvelo-evropis urTierTobebis WrilSi,

konkretuli saerTaSoriso praqtikis kon-

teqstSi, de iure aRiarebis aqts ver mieni-

Wa gadamwyveti mniSvneloba. masSi ar iyo

Cadebuli is politikuri da strategiuli

gegmebi, romlebic saqarTvelos damoukide-

blobis saerTaSoriso garantiebis uzrun-

velyofis winapirobebs Seqmnidnen. evropis

mxridan es moralur-politikuri aqsio-

ma ufro iyo, vidre samarTlebrivi norma

an mxardaWeris valdebuleba. Tumca, Tav-

isTavad, esec mniSvnelovani iyo.

saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis

sagareo politikaSi garkveuli adgili eka-

va urTierTobebs vatikanTan. es urTier-

Tobebi emyareboda xangrZliv da mdgrad

diplomatiur tradicias, momdinares jer

kidev XIII saukunidan. 1919 wlis agvisto-de-

kemberSi saqarTveloSi moRvaweobda romis

papis benediqt XV-is (1914-1922) specialuri

warmomadgeneli a. delpuCi. sagulisxmoa,

rom saqarTveloSi romis papis diplomati-

uri warmomadgeneli iyo vatikanis aRmosav-

leTmcodneobis institutis reqtori.

1920 wlis 19 noembers papma daamtki-

ca saqarTveloSi gasagzavni specialuri

diplomatiuri misiis Semadgenloba, romel-

Sic Sedioda iezuitTa ordenis sami patri.

isini gamoemgzavrnen saqarTveloSi, magram

bolSevikebis mier qveynis okupaciis gamo

ukan gabrundnen146.

146 murman papaSvili. saqarTvelo-romis ur-

TierToba VI-XX ss. Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 336.

saqarTvelos evropuli politikis

erT-erT ganmsazRvrel sferos warmoad-

genda „ekonomikuri diplomatia“ _ evropis

qveynebTan urTierToba ekonomikur sfero-

Si. diplomatiuri saqmianobis am sfer-

om saqarTveloSi 1918-1921 wlebSi gansa-

kuTrebuli daniSnuleba SeiZina, radganac

evropidan ekonomikur-finansuri daxmare-

bis miRebaze didad iyo damokidebuli ara

marto qarTuli ekonomikis fexze dayeneba

da msoflio omiT gamowveuli sameurneo

ngrevis aRmofxvra, araned politikuri

damoukideblobis SenarCuneba-ganmtkice-

ba. qarTuli „ekonomikuri diplomatiis“

umTavresi mizani iyo evropis qveynebTan

iseTi ekonomikuri, finansuri da savaWro

kavSirurTierTobebis damyareba, romlebic

xels Seuwyobdnen ekonomikuri qaosisa da

CamorCenilobis likvidacias, Seqmnidnen

baziss axali damoukidebeli ekonomikis

SeqmnisaTvis. amave mizandasaxulobiT war-

moebda n. Jordanias mTavrobis sakoncesio

politika.

„ekonomikuri diplomatiis“ da sakonce-

sio politikis principebs eqvemdebareboda


ekonomikuri urTierTobebi germaniasTan,

italiasTan, inglisTan, safrangeTTan da

evropis sxva qveynebTan.

1919 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi saqarT-

veloSi imyofeboda da vaWroba-mrewvelobisa

da finansTa da miwaTmoqmedebis saministro-

ebTan molaparakebebs awarmoebda italiuri

oligarqiis cnobili warmomadgeneli a. kor-

si. 8 seqtembers man memorandumiT mimarTa

saqarTvelos mTavrobas, romelSic Camoyal-

ibebuli iyo saqarTvelosa da italias Soris

ekonomikur urTierTobaTa ganviTarebis pri-

oritetuli mimarTulebani (pirdapiri sazR-

vao kavSiris organizacia, SeTanxmebis dadeba

saqarTvelodan nedleulis eqsportze, qar-

Tul-italiuri saaqcio sazogadoebis Seqmna

soliduri sawesdebo kapitaliT da a. S.)147.

147 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivis saistorio

centraluri arqivi, fondi 1891, aRwera 2, saqme 1,

furclebi 10-11.

- 135 -


1919 wlis bolos evropaSi imyofeboda

saqarTvelos kooperativTa kavSiris Tavmj-

domare e. darCia. is safrangeTisa da ital-

iis kooperaciul centrebTan awarmoeb-

da molaparakebebs sxvadasxva ekonomikur

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT148.

1919 w. dekemberSi qarTuli bonebis

emisia ganxorcielda italiis finansuri

saagentos daxmarebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom

emisiisaTvis saWiro qaRaldic italiaSi

iqna SeZenili.

italia warmoadgenda faqtobrivad pir-

vel saxelmwifos, romelmac moawyo saqarT-

velosTan sazRvao-satransporto kavSiri.

sazRvao tranzitis mimarTulebani iyo _

taranto-konstantinopoli-foTi da taran-

to-venecia-konstantinopoli-baTumi. 1920

wlis damdegidan gaizarda saqarTvelos

navsadgurebSi xomaldebis saerTo tonaJi.

1920 wlis 15 Tebervlidan 21 martamde

saqarTveloSi imyofeboda italiis ekono-

mikuri misia, romelsac meTaurobda omis

Sedegebis likvidaciis yofili ministri,

senatori e. konti. saqarTvelos mTavrobas-

Tan molaparakebebis Semdgom „kontis mis-

iam“ SeimuSava „italia-saqarTvelos kom-

paniis“ Seqmnis proeqti. proeqtis Tanaxmad,

kompanias unda hqonoda finansuri da sam-

rewvelo sawarmos forma149. ganixiles aseve

saqarTvelosTvis finansuri da samrewvelo

kreditis gamoyofis sakiTxebi.

1920 wlis martSi TbilisSi daarsda

„italia-kavkasiis gamnaRdebeli banki“, ro-

melic Seiqmna italiis sadiskonto bankis

finansuri fondis bazaze da romlis sawes-

debo kapitalic 40 mln. liras Seadgenda150.

banki mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda saqa-

rTvelos eqsportis sakredito bazis Seqm-

naSi, saqarTveloSi Semosatani saimporto


centraluri arqivi, aRwera 1, saqme 319, furceli 108.



furclebi 13-16.



furceli 17.

saqonlis SekveTisa da satransporto ga-

dazidvebis uzrunvelyofaSi.

1920 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos mTav-

robam evropis qveynebSi gaagzavna sagange-

bo ekonomikuri misia, finansTa da vaWro-

ba-mrewvelobis ministris k. kandelakis

meTaurobiT. paralelurad parizSi, lon-

donsa da romSi daarsda saqarTvelos

komerciuli saagentoebi151.

ramdenimeTviani molaparakebebis Sem-

deg misiam SeZlo sami msxvilmasStabiani

ekonomikuri xelSekrulebis dadeba: 1920

wlis oqtomberSi k. kandelakma xeli moaw-

era _ tyvarCelis qvanaxSiris sabadoebis sa-

koncesio xelSekrulebas italiis koncern

„ilvasTan“, SeTanxmebas „qarTul-frangu-

li anonimuri sazogadoebis“ Seqmnisa da

safrangeTisaTvis abreSumis mrewvelobis

sawarmoebis mSeneblobis koncesiis gada-

cemis Sesaxeb da xelSekrulebas inglisis

sagareo vaWrobis bankTan 1,5 mln. girvan-

qa sterlingis finansuri kreditis miRebis

Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos sakmaod intensiuri savaW-

ro-ekonomikuri urTierTobani hqonda aseve

evropis saxelmwifoTa kerZo firmebTan

da kompaniebTan, maT Soris skandinaviis

qveynebSic152.

1921 wlis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos

irgvliv strategiuli viTareba sagrZno-

blad gauaresda. regionalur doneze es ga-

mowveuli iyo sabWoTa ruseTisa da qemal-

isturi osmaleTis aliansis SeqmniT (1920

wlis aprilis bolos am aliansma imsxverpla

azerbaijanis, xolo dekembris damdegs somx-

eTis damoukidebloba), globalur doneze

ki _ evropis saxelmwifoTa neitralitetiT

da gansakuTrebiT oficialuri londonis

aramarTlzomieri politikiT.

1921 wlis 11-12 Tebervlis Rames dai-

wyo sabWoTa ruseTis jarebis intervencia


marti.

152 jambul anCabaZe. saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobis ekonomikuri politikis is-

toriidan (1918-1921). Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 152-153; 185-

187; 190-194.

- 136 -


saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. saerTaSoriso

samarTlis fundamenturi normebisa da

1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebis uxeSi

darRveviT ruseTma ganaxorciela agresi-

uli Tavdasxma axalgazrda respublikis wi-

naaRmdeg. 25 Tebervals interventebma dai-

kaves Tbilisi, 2 marts _ xaSuri, 4 marts

_ soxumi, 13 marts _ quTaisi. 18 marts

saqarTvelos mTavrobam da damfuZnebelma

krebam qveyana datoves da konstantinopo-

lis gavliT safrangeTSi Cavidnen.

damoukideblobis aRiarebis Semdeg

saqarTvelos mieca SesaZlebloba, evropis

qveynebSi Seeqmna srulfasovani diplo-

matiuri warmomadgenlobani. 1921 wlis

29 ianvars mTavrobis specialuri dadge-

nilebiT, evropaSi saqarTvelos diplo-

matiuri misia gardaiqmna regularul

diplomatiur warmomadgenlobad. evropis

qveynebSi (didi britaneTi, safrangeTi,

italia, belgia, serbia-xorvatia-sloveni-

is federacia, Cexoslovakia, dania, norve-

gia, SvedeTi, espaneTi, rumineTi, portu-

galia) sruluflebian elCad da sagangebo

despanad dainiSna a. Cxenkeli153. magram a.

Cxenkelis saagremano audienciebi safran-

geTis prezident a. milieranTan 25 Teber-

vals parizSi, lord kerzonTan 19 marts

londonSi da italiis mefe viqtor-eman-

uel III-Tan 8 aprils romSi, okupirebuli

saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso mdgomareobis

SecvlaSi, cxadia, veraviTar rols ver

Seasrulebdnen.

amrigad, 1918-1921 ww. saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis urTierTobebi

evropis saxelmwifoebTan warmoadgens ro-

gorc ormxrivi diplomatiisa da saqarTve-

los evropuli politikis gamovlinebas, is-

eve versal-vaSingtonis sistemis farglebSi

mimdinare saerTaSoriso procesis Semad-

genel elements.

saqarTvelos evropuli politikisa da

evrodiplomatiis mTavari mizani iyo sabWo-


centraluri arqivi, harvardis mikrofirebis fondi,

saqme 688.

Ta ruseTis aneqsionisturi politikisa da

hegemonisturi ambiciebis Sekaveba. maSinde-

li saerTaSoriso viTarebis farglebSi es

mizani miuRweveli darCa.

miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelom bevri

ram SeiZina evropuli orientaciis am sam-

wledSi da pirvel rigSi es iyo evropuli

strategiuli kulturis fundamenturi

niSnebi _ saxelmwifoebrivi mSenebloba,

diplomatia, molaparakebebis xelovneba,

aqcenti savaWro-ekonomikur kavSirurT-

ierTobebze da a.S. saqarTvelosa da evro-

pas Soris mimdinareobda intensiuri di-

alogi da politikuri diskursis xasiaTi

arsebiTad gansazRvruli iyo axali tipis

strategiuli kulturis ZiriTadi mimar-

TulebebiT. evropasTan urTierTobebis

meSveobiT qarTul politikur leqsikonSi

bevri axali cneba gaCnda da politikuri

elitis strategiuli azrovnebac sagrZno-

blad amaRlda. saqarTvelom swored evrop-

idan aiRo saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis,

politikuri da partiuli sistemebis, kon-

stituciuri wyobis (1921w. konstitucia

evropuli konstitucionalisturi kon-

cefciebis dadebiT sinTezs warmoadgens),

socialuri mowyobis modelebi.

Tanamedroveobis aswliani gadasaxe-

didan es yvelaferi ganvlili gzaa, sauku-

nis winandeli warsulis gamocdilebaa. ma-

gram ganvlil gzas erTi uaRresad saWiro

da evristikuli faseulobis mqone Tviseba

aqvs _ mudmivi da ganuyofeli kavSiri dRe-

vandelobasTan. saqarTvelos pirveli res-

publikis evropuli sagareo politikisa da

evropocentristuli diplomatiis gamoc-

dileba did samsaxurs gauwevs Tanamedrove

saqarTvelos, evropuli da evroatlanti-

kuri integraciis kursis arsebiTi mimar-

Tulebebis gansazRvraSi.

P.S. im evropul saxelmwifoTa CamonaT-

vali, romlebmac aRiares saqarTvelos da-

moukidebloba de faqto da de iure (cnobis

aqtis miRebis qronologiuri Tanmimdevro-

biT):

- 137 -


1. germania _ 1918 w. 10 ivniss de faqto

da 1920 w. 24 seqtembers de iure;

2. avstria _ 1918 w. 18 ivniss de faqto

da 1921 w. 17 Tebervals de iure;

3. didi britaneTi _ 1920 w. 11 ianvars

de faqto da 1921 w. 27 ianvars de

iure;

4. safrangeTi _ 1920 w. 11 ianvars de

faqto da 1921 w. 27 ianvars de iure;

5. italia _ 1920 w. 11 ianvars de faqto

da 1921 w. 27 ianvars de iure;

6. Cexoslovakia _ 1920 w. 8 aprils de

faqto;

7. belgia _ 1920 w. 26 agvistos de faq-

to da 1921 w. 27 ianvars de iure;

8. Sveicariis konfederacia _ 1920 w.

noemberSi de faqto;

9. poloneTi _ 1921 w. 28 ianvars de fa-

qto;

10. rumineTi _ 1921 w. 18 Tebervals de

iure;

11. luqsemburgi _ 1921 w. 23 Tebervals

de iure.

Dazmir Jojua

Georgia and Europe in 1918-1921Resume

On the 26th of May 1918, the Na onal Council of Georgia accepted the Act of Independence and founded the first coali on government. Thus qualita vely new structure of Georgian statehood _ Democra c Republic of Georgia _ was founded.

The main direc on of the foreign policy of the Democra c Republic of Geor-gia was establishment of close poli cal, diploma c, strategic, trade-economic and cultural rela ons and their intensive development with European countries. The diploma c concept of eurocentrism was based on the principles of primacy and in-conver bility of the pro-European course, on the central posi on of Eurodiplomacy in the common process of the foreign policy of Georgia.

In May-November 1918 European priority of the foreign policy was revealed in pro-German orienta on. Po agreements as of the 28th of May 1918 and Berlin Conven ons as of the 12th of July 1918 created the basis of Georgian-German stra-tegic rela ons.

But the defeat of Germany in the First World War and November Revolu on put an end to pro-German orienta on of Georgia. The country switched to the oth-er op on of European poli cs _ pro-Antanta course and related the task of obtain-ing interna onal guarantees for independence to the rela ons with England-France coali on.

Since December 1918 ll September 1919 the Bri sh troops were in Georgia. In March-June 1919 the issue of establishment of Italian mandate and disloca on

- 138 -


of the Italian con ngent consis ng of forty thousand soldiers were on the agenda of Paris Conference. However, the geopoli cal reasoning of “Russian issue” took this issue from the agenda of the global poli cs.

On the 11th of January 1920 the Supreme Council of Antanta recognized inde-pendence of Georgia de facto. The “Batumi issue” was decided in the same context: Bri sh occupa on regime was terminated on the basis of the agreement between Georgia and Britain as of the 28th of June 1920 and the region was reinstated to jurisdic on of Georgia.

On the 27th of January 1921 the Supreme Council of Antanta officially con-firmed interna onal legal capacity of Georgia, as it recognized its independence de jure.

These facts were of great importance for Georgia. They have made much inter-es ng recordings in the history of Georgia-Bri sh rela ons.

Russian and Georgian War of February-March 1921 and occupa on of Georgia by Soviet Russia terminated Georgian-European rela ons. Immigrant legal govern-ment of Georgia moved to Paris and maintained rela ons with European countries, as well con nued figh ng for restora on of independence of the country.

- 139 -

XX saukunidan moyolebuli gaxSirda

qarTveli samRvdeloebis krebebi, romleb-

zec iTxovdnen saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis TviTmwyemsobis (avtokefaliis) aR-

dgenas. 1917 wlis ianvar-TebervalSi ruse-

Tis imperiaSi Seqmnilma socialur-ekonomi-

kurma da politikurma krizisma imperatori

nikoloz II-e aiZula taxtidan gadamdgariyo.

aRniSnuli viTarebiT yvelaze kargad qarT-

velma avtokefalistebma isargebles. 1917

wlis 12 marts (25) sveticxovlis sapatri-

arqo taZarSi miiRes saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtoke-

faliis aRdgenis aqti, saeklesio krebis

mowvevamde Seqmnes saqarTvelos eklesiis

droebiTi mmarTveloba, droebiTi mmarTv-

elobis Tavmjdomared daniSnes guria-odi-

Sis episkoposi leonide oqropiriZe...

1917 wlis 12 (25) martis sveticx-

ovlis damoukideblobis aqts, romel-

sac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgena mohyva, didi sixaruliT Sexvd-

nen sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenisa Tu

politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebi.

avtokefaliisaTvis brZolam, romelSic

aqtiurad monawileobdnen qarTveli sa-

suliero pirebi da inteligenciis cno-

bili warmomadgenlebi, sasurveli Sedegi

gamoiRo. 1917 wlis 25 marts mRvdelmTa-

varma leonide oqropiriZem ganacxada _

“Cven movaleni varT damoukidebel ekle-

sias maleve gverdiT amovuyenoT damou-

kidebeli saqarTvelo“. da marTlac, ma-

leve 1918 wlis 26 maiss qarTvelma xalxma

saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamoacxa-

da.

gvanca burduligvanca burduli

istoriis doqtori

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 1918-1921 wlebSi1811 wlidan 1917 wlamde saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-

sia ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi da umarTebulesi sinodis danamatad aqcies. am

drois ganmavlobaSi eklesias marTavdnen rusi egzarqosebi, romlebic amave

dros sasuliero sferoSi pirnaTlad axorcielebdnen ruseTis dampyroblur

politkas. swored aRniSnuli politikis Sedegi iyo Semdegi movlenebi: qarTu-

li wirva-locvis, galobis eklesia-monastrebidan gandevna, qarTuli saekle-

sio kanonikuri tradiciebis ugulebelyofa, brZola qarTuli enis, litera-

turis, saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTveli eris erovnuli Rirsebis winaaRmdeg.

- 140 -

gvanca burduli gvanca burduli

1918 weli Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo

eklesiisaTvis. aRsdga saqarTvelos saxel-

mwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. qarTveli

xalxi, suverenuli saxelmwifos mqone eri,

warsdga msoflios winaSe. 1918 wlis 28 maiss

Sedga sakaTolikoso sabWos kreba, romelic

gaimarTa saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrio-

bis aRdgenis aRsaniSnavad. krebam daadgina

Sesabamisi sazeimo RonisZiebebiT aReniSna

es didmniSvnelovani aqti, romlisTvisac

eklesia, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsi-

is pirveli dRidanve iRvwoda.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II-is

tragikuli aRsasrulis Semdeg, jer ro-

gorc patriarqis mosaydre, Semdeg sruli-

ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi leo-

nide urTules periodSi xelmZRvanelobda

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias. uwmide-

si leonide moeswro saqarTvelos Tavisu-

flebas da bolSevikuri ruseTis mier mis

okupacias154...

mitropolitma leonidem udidesi roli

Seasrula 1917 wlis 12 (25) martidan 1917

wlis seqtembramde saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli samociqulo eklesiis droebiTi

mmarTvelobis saqmianobaSi. igi xelmZRvan-

elobda droebiTi mmarTvelobis sxdomebs,

romlis muSaobaSic monawileobdnen saqa-

rTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebi, sasu-

liero da saero pirebi. droebiTi mmarTv-

elobis sxdomebze ixileboda saqarTvelos

eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis, saxel-

mwifosa da eklesiis saeklesio qonebis,

yofil saegzarqososTan damokidebulebis

sakiTxebi155.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo-

Si imxanad arsebul mravalricxovan par-

tiebs Soris cxare brZola mimdinareobda,

bolSevikebis garda yvela miesalmeboda

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias. ma-

gram am mxriv erovnul-demokratebi da so-

154 sergo vardosaniZe. sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi leonide

(1861-1921). Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 3.



(1861-1921). Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 39.

cial-federalistebi gamorCeulni iyvnen.

1917 wlis 23 agvistos egzarqosyofil-

ma platonma Tbilisi datova, rogorc

erovnul-demokratiuli partiis wevri da-

viT vaCnaZe gadmogvcems mas Seukrebia samo-

camde SeiaraRebuli kaci da daukavebia

yofili egzarqosis sasaxle. sionis ezo-

Si patara oTaxSi Sekedlebuli qarTuli

eklesiis aRmasrulebeli komiteti kaTa-

likoz-patriarqis mosaydris leonides xe-

lmZRvanelobiT gadavida egzarqosis sa-

saxleSi. `leonidem axeda cariel kedlebs,

sadac winaT rusi egzarqosebis suraTe-

bi ekida da erT wams SeCerda. me vacnobe

Cemi gankarguleba egzarqosebis suraTebis

Camoxsnis Sesaxeb. leonidem pirjvari ga-

daiwera da warmoTqva: aRsrulda... ufalo

Segviwyale da dagvifare~156.

uwmides da unetares leonides ur-

Tules periodSi mouwia moRvaweoba. rTu-

li iyo saqarTvelos rogorc saSinao, aseve

sagareo mdgomareoba. 1919 wlis oqtomb-

erSi uwmidesi da unetaresi leonide mi-

tropolit ambrosisa da dekanoz kalis-

trate cincaZis TanxlebiT soxumSi Cavida.

inaxula adgilobrivi qarTuli garnizoni,

romelTac miesalma da aRniSna, rom bed-

niereba xvdaT wilad, rom emsaxuron Ta-

vianT samSoblos. 21 oqtombers misi uw-

midesoba estumra axali aTonis monasters,

sadac paraklisi gadaixada. 22 oqtombers

soxumSi gaimarTa eparqiis kreba, romelsac

daeswrnen afxazeTis mTavrobisa da qalaqis

warmomadgenelni. krebaze gaimarTa disku-

sia cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis problemebze.

uwmidesma da unetaresma leonidem saka-

Tolikoso sabWosa da Tavisi saxeliT ga-

nacxada, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-

li eklesia yvelafers gaakeTebda eparqiis

aRorZinebisaTvis. uwmidesi leonidesaTvis

naTeli iyo, Tu ra rTul pirobebSi mouwe-

vda saqmianoba157.


Tolikos-patriarqi leonide (1918-1921 ww.). Tbilisi,

2000, gv. 14.



- 141 -


1918 wels saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo

mmarTveloba xelSi aiRo im droisaTvis

xalxSi popularulma social-demokrati-

ulma partiam, misma `menSevikurma~ frTam.

aman asaxva pova mis damokidebulebaSi saqa-

rTvlos eklesiisadmi. cxadia, maT ver Sea-

fases saqarTvelos eklesiis mniSvneloba.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub-

likis xelisufleba aTeisturi iyo. xeli-

suflebis mier miRebuli sakanonmdeblo

aqtebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesia mZime mdgomareobaSi

aRmoCnda. 1918 wels social-demokrati-

ulma mTavrobam gaauqma sasuliero saswav-

leblebi, riTac eklesias mouspo saSualeba

sasuliero kadrebi moemzadebina. parlamen-

tis 1918 wlis 26 noembris gadawyvetilebiT

saswavleblebSi aikrZala saRvTo rjulis

swavleba. 1918 wlis 3 dekembris mTavrobis

gankargulebiT eklesias CamoerTva samo-

qalaqo registraciis ufleba. eklesiis

winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli damfuZnebeli

krebis mier 1919 wlis 17 ivliss zogierTi

saeklesio uqme dRis gauqmeba158.

eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris ar-

sebul problemebs kargad asaxavs uwmide-

si da unetaresi leonides saqarTvelos

mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris noe Jordaniasad-

mi gagzavnili werilebi: `+159~. samwuxarod

mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem upasuxod datova

patriarqis Txovna, amitom uwmidesma leon-

idem ganmeorebiTi weriliT mimarTa mas.

agraruli sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros

social-demokratiulma mTavrobam ekle-

sias araTu daubruna is saeklesio miwebi da

qoneba, romelic man avtokefaliis gauqme-

bis dros dakarga, aramed saxelmwifos

mflobelobaSi gadavida is mcire saeklesio

miwebic, romelic mas egzarqosobis dros

hqonda. eklesia saxelmwifosagan mcire

subsidiebs da naturalur ulufas iRebda,

magram 1920 wlis mTavrobis gankargulebiT

(1861-1921). Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 56.


eklesia 1918-1921 wlebSi.– meufeananiainfo.159 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi. mitro-

polit leonides fondi 6443, furceli 1-3.

21 maisis dekretiT saeklesio qoneba saxel-

mwifo sakuTrebad gamocxadda. Seqmnil

komisias daevala maTi muzeumebSi Tavmoyra.

samwuxarod, rogorc aRiniSna saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam sa-

Tanadod ver daafasa saqarTvelos eklesi-

is saukunovani Rvawli eris winaSe, kerZod

isic ki daiviwyes, rom eklesia TviTve iyo

erT-erTi umTavresi fuZemdebeli im saxel-

mwifosi, romelsac imJamad menSevikebi mar-

Tavdnen. am faqtma male saTanado Sedegebi

gamoiRo.160

1920 wlis 27 ivniss gamarTulma saqa-

rTvelos II-e saeklesio krebam imsjela

mTavrobis mier eklesiis mimarT gamot-

anili gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da aRniS-

na, rom didad ilaxeboda eklesiisa da

morwmune eris interesebi. saeklesio kre-

bis gadawyvetilebebi mTavrobas ecnoba.

sakaTalikoso sabWo winaaRmdegi ar iyo

eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofisa.

eklesia ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda imis

gamo, rom aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadawyvetas

demokratiuli mTavroba aTeisturi pro-

pagandis fonze axdenda. male, 1920 wlis

oqtomber-noemberSi mTavrobam Camoayal-

iba saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSorebis

proeqti, romlis safuZvelze eklesia gan-

Tavisuflda saxelmwifo funqciebisagan,

gardacvalebis, qorwinebisa da dabadebis

registraciis movaleobisagan, eklesia

materialurad damoukidebeli xdebo-

da saxelmwifosagan, xolo saxelmwifo

ar Caereoda Sidasaeklesio saqmeebSi.

kanon-proeqti 24 muxlisagan Sedgeboda.

mTavrobam am kanonproeqtiT erovnuli

eklesia uflebrivad gauTanabra sxva re-

ligiur aRmsareblebs. proeqtma aRaSfo-

Ta samRvdeloeba, sistematurad ewyoboda

eparqiuli krebebi, sadac samRvdeloeba

msjelobda eklesiaSi Seqmnil mZime mdgo-

mareobaze161.


eklesia 1918-1921 wlebSi.– meufeananiainfo.161 mitropoliti anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos

eklesia 1918-1921 wlebSi.– meufeananiainfo.

- 142 -



likis mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesias

faqtiurad undobloba gamoucxada da re-

ligiis Sesaxeb miRebuli kanoniT igi gau-

Tanabra saqarTvelos moqmed sxvadasx-

va konfesiebis erTaderTi dadebiTi rac


mTavrobam gaakeTa es iyo 1920 wlis 17 Te-

bervlis mTavrobis dadgenileba kavkasiis

sinodaluri kantoris gauqmebis Sesaxeb,

xolo 7 agvistos dadgenilebiT rusuli,

berZnuli da osuri samrevloebi daeqvemde-

bara saqarTvelos eklesias. amiT dasrulda

samwliani gaurkvevloba, urTierTdapirisp-

ireba da intrigebi, romelsac mimarTavda

ruseTis sinodi saqarTvelos eklesiis wi-

naaRmdeg, roca maT daarses amierkavkasiis

saegzarqoso da masSi gaaerTianes araqar-

Tuli mrevli. isini edavebodnen saqarTve-

los sakaTolikosos qonebas, eklesia-monas-

trebs. marTalia oficialurad 1920 wlidan

isini iZulebulni gaxdnen damorCilebodnen


arqs, magram 1921 wlis Tebervlis Semdeg,

rodesac saqarTvelo kvlav ruseTis saok-

upacio jarebiT aivso rusuli samrevloebi

kvlav daupirispirdnen saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqs da aRar emorCilebodnen

mas. ra Tqma unda maT ukan isev ruseTis

eklesia idga162.

1921 wlis 21 Tebervals Sedga saqarT-

velos sakaTalikoso sabWos sagangebo sxdo-

ma, romelic mieZRvna saqarTvelos saxel-

mwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargvis

safrTxes. qveyanaSi Tebervlis dasawyisSi

SemoiWra ruseTis XI armia, romelic Tbili-

sisaken moiwevda. sxdomam miiRo mimarTva:

a) eklesiebSi gadaxdil iqnes paraklisebi

mtrisagan saqarTvelos gansaTavisufleb-

lad; b) eklesiebSi winamZRvrebma ganumar-

ton xalxs dRevandeli omis mniSvneloba; g)

samrevlo sabWoebma gaiRon qonebrivi xarji

omis saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad; d)



(1861-1921). Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 66-67.

samrevlo-sabWoebma miiRon zomebi taZre-

bis gaZlierebisa da siwmideTa dasacavad;

d) Sekrebil iqnes nebayoflobiT Sewirulo-

ba aRniSnuli saWiroebisaTvis; e) krebuli

daexmaros jarSi gawveulTa ojaxebs.

22-23 Tebervals mTavrobam miiRo dad-

genileba Tbilisis datovebis Sesaxeb. saka-

Tolikoso sabWom ki dadgenileba saekle-

sio ganZeulobis (Tbilisis, sveticxovlis

eklesia-monastris xatebi da sxva siwmidee-

bi) quTaisSi evakuaciis Sesaxeb. ganZis us-

afrTxoebaze pasuxismgebloba daekisra

episkopos daviT kaWaxiZes da arqimandrit

pavle jafariZes. 24 Tebervals Tbilisi

datova uwmidesma leonidem da quTaisSi

wavida. mTavrobam miiRo erTaderTi swori

ga dawyvetileba muzeumebSi Tavmoyrili

saeklesio ganZeuli gaetana ucxoeTSi (sa-

qar TveloSi darCenili siwmideebi bolSe-

vikebma oqro-vercxlis zodebad Camoasx-

es, xolo maTTvis usargeblo siwmideebi

gaanadgures). saqarTvelos respublikis

demokratiuli mTavroba emigraciaSi gaemg-

zavra 1921 wlis 11 marts, 13 marts kaTo-

likos-patriarqi TbilisSi dabrunda. imave

wlis 11 ivniss igi gardaicvala, fiqroben,

rom igi mowamles, meore azriT, igi rusis

jaris mier Semotanilma Savi Wiris epidemi-

am imsxverpla.

bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTve-

los aneqsiis Semdeg saxelmwifom gaatara

sagangebo meToduri RonisZiebani, raTa

saerTod moespo eklesia bolSevikebma, cxa-

dia, eklesia sabolood gamoyves saxelmwi-

fosagan, e.i. samRvdeloeba sarCo-sabadebe-

lis greSe datoves.

1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers, sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos patriarqis leonides

gardacvalebis Semdeg, gelaTSi Semdgarma

mesame saeklesio krebam kaTolikos-patri-

arqad airCia ambrosi xelaia.

- 143 -


madli, kurTxeva, wyaloba RvTisa da

mdabali salami Tqvenda, yovlad patiosanno

Cemo TanaZmebo, iveriis eklesiis mRvdelm-

Tavr-moZRvarno!

madli, kurTxeva, wyaloba RvTisa, tk-

bili da dabali mRvdelmTavruli salami

Tqvenda, saqarTvelos eklesiis sayvarel-

no Zeno da asulno. umaRlesad bednieri

var, rom gangebam wilad marguna gaziare-

ba TqvenTan erTad am Cveni deda eklesiis

saxuravis qveS im diadi sixarulisa, rome-

lis gancdiTac gabrwyinvebul-gaSuqebulia

dRes mTeli ruseTi. sayvarelno msmenelno!

mdgomare wlis gazafxulis piri oqros di-

droni asoebiT Caiwera ruseTis saxelmwifos

istoriaSi da es axlad dawerili kabadoni

rusTa cxovrebis istoriis ubrwyinvales

furclad darCeba saukunod. am gazafxulis

brwyinvale mzis sxivebma gaalxves, daadnes,

orTqlad aqcies CrdiloeTisaTvis Cveu-

lebrivi metad sqeli Tovli da am gamqral

Tovls Tan gahyva TviTmpyrobelobiTi,

monarqiuli marTva-gamgeoba saxelmwifosi,

marTva-gamgeoba, romelic suls uxuTavda

yvela moqalaqes, xundebs adebda dids da

pataras xelebsa da fexebze, civi TovliviT

susxavda, aWknobda, xSavda da Zirian-fes-

vianad anadgurebda yvelafers, riTac ki

lamazi, sayvareli da mimzidvelia kacis

cxovreba. ruseTis Zlierma erma Zirs das-

ca, Semusra, samudamod damarxa monarqizmi

da am brwyinvale gamarjvebam samxiarulod

aamoZrava, aaxmaura, gazafxulis adidebu-

li mdinaresaviT, aazvirTa da Cveulebrivis

cxovrebis kalapoti daatovebina mas. saer-

To mxiarulebaa ruseTis uzarmazar qvey-

nis yovel kuTxeSi, qalaqebsa da soflebSi

frialeben wiTeli droSebi, xalxi umReris

Tavisuflebas, xalxi zeimobs monobis bork-

ilebis damsxvrevas, xalxi SehRaRadebs Tav-

isi ganaxlebis salocav xats. bednier rusis

eris mayrionis mZlavrma gugunma Cvenamdi-

nac moawia da qarTvelebic gulsavsebiT vi-

ziarebT am dResaswauls; saqarTvelos qa-

laqebisa, dabebisa da soflebis mkvidrnic

aRfrTovanebiT egebebian ruseTis ganaxle-

bas. yvela Cvengani ukve eziara eris zeims

Tavis mSobel qalaqsa da sofelSi, Tavisi

cxovrebisa, Tu samsaxuris adgilze, magram

mainc ver gavmZRarvarT sixaruliT da axla

aq, yvelasagan miviwyebul mcxeTaSi, mogvi-

yria Tavi dResaswaulis gadasaxdelad.

ucilobeli WeSmaritebaa, rom sasixarulo

movlena da ambavi maSin ufro Rrmavdeba,

met simZlavres iZens da metad swvdeba ka-

cis guls, rodesac ukanaskneli ganicdis

sixaruls Tavis sakuTar Wers qveS, Tavisi

mSoblebisa, naTesavebisa, mezoblebisa da

megobrebis wreSi. mcxeTa Cveni erovnebis

dasabamis akvania, embazia qristian qarTv-

elobisa, sveticxoveli saerTo sulieri

dedaa qarTvelebisa da imitomaa, rom am say-

ovelTao sulieri Sveba-lxenis dRes yvelam

movaSureT am Cvenis sulisa da gonebis sa-

kuTar saganZurs, rom mxurvaleT davukoc-

noT am Cvens moxuc deda-taZars tkbili de-

dobrivi ZuZuebi da miT gavaRrmavoT Cveni

sixaruli.

aq, ai am oblad mziral saflavis qveS

ganisvenebs Cvenis eris siqaduli, aspinZis

omis gmiri, ukvdavi patara kaxi. rogorc

viciT, mefe ereklem piroba Sekra ruse-

Tis dedofal ekaterinesTan. am pirobiT

ruseTi da saqarTvelo iwodbian mokav-

Sireebad, ruseTs mxolod daxmareba unda

gaewia saqarTvelosTvis, romelic, yovel

SemTxvevaSi, rCeboda Tavisufal da da-

moukidebel samefod. magram ar gaumarTla

erekles molodini, ruseTis mefeebma gada-

laxes maTganve xelmowerili aqti, saqa-

rTvelo gamoacxades ubralo guberniad

da qarTvel xalxs daadges, mZime uReli

monobisa. as Cvidmetis wlis ganmavlobaSi

qarTvel ers aRar gasTenebia sasixarulo

dRe da amis gamoisobiT cecxli ekideboda

erekles Zvlebs dRevandlamde, mis suls

sityva episkopos leonidesi,mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taZarSi warmoTqmuli 12 [25] marts

- 144 -


mosveneba hqonda dakarguli. dRes Cveni

eris sulis amomxdeli monarqizmi daimsx-

vra da visTvis unda gvexarebina es amba-

vi, Tu ara ereklesaTvis! gaixare suliT

da moasvene Seni Zvlebi, qarTveli eris

dido guSago, Cveno patara kaxo! gaqra

mTelis ruseTis mborkavi Zali! magram Sen

xom ubralo Suris maZiebeli ar iyavi, Sen

xom Seni eris Tavisufleba da bedniereba

gwyuroda, gaixare saflavSi: ukve irekeba

samxiarulo zari Senis eris damoukide-

blobis aRdgenisa! gars SemovrtymivarT am

Sens saflavs im mizniT, rom aq davdvaT qa-

lma da kacma wmida fici sayvareli samSob-

los aRdgenisa, demokratiul principebze

damyarebul marTva-gamgeobiT. metsac gax-

arebT: aqamdin rom mwared itanjebodi da

Tvali ver gagesworebina am wmida svetisT-

vis, radganac misi damcirebisa, garatake-

bis da dauZlurebis mizezad Sens Tavsa

sTvlidi, radganac pirvelma Sen gadadgi

nabiji im mefeebisken, romlebmac saqarTve-

losTan erTad eklesiac SegibRales, dRes

aRdgenilad, Tavisuflad da damoukideb-

lad acxadebs Tavis Tavs; dReidan swyvets

yovelgvar damokidebulobas rusis sinod-

Tan da eyrdnoba mxolod da martooden,

Tavis sakuTar Tavs! Zmebo da moqalaqe-

no! dRes pirvelad Sesrulda am didebul

taZarSi wirva swored im wesiT, rogori-

Tac sruldeboda mis damoukideblobis

dros da miT Caedga mtkice safuZveli misi

TviT arsebobisa. dReidan iniSneba droe-

biTi mmarTveloba ganTavisuflebul ekle-

siis saqmeebis mwarmoeblad da daidgineba

oqmi, rom arCeul iqmnes ara Soreul mo-

mavalSi saqarTvelos damoukidebel ekle-

siis kaTalikozi. gavitanoT es ambavi Cvens

qveyanaSi kidiTi-kide, vacnoboT igi Cvens

ers da daniSnul dros saqarTvelos yov-

el kuTxidan, saingilodan dawyebuli Savi

zRvis napirebamde, warmoviyvanoT warmo-

madgenlebi, rogorc sasuliero, ise sae-

ro wodebisa, rom aq, am dedaeklesiis wi-

aRSi, maT xma miscen sayovelTao, faruli,

sworkenWis yriT mas, visac eri isurvebs

kaTalikosad. aq xma erisagan gamorCeuls

RmerTic Tavis arCeulad scnobs.

mironis madinebelo sveto cxovelo!

Sen scxe mironi Cvengan dawyebul saqmes

damiec gamarjveba saqarTvelos Tavisufal

eklesias. amin.

episkoposi leonide

gazeTi `saqarTvelo~, 1917, #67, 24 marti, gv. 1-2.

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliaSesxma, Tqmuli agvistos 3 [16]-s samadlobelo paraklisis

gadaxdis win ruseTis droebiT mmarTvelobis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis damtkicebis gamo

moZRvarno qristesno, sulierno Svil-

no, qristes mier dedebo da debo! dastkbiT,

gaixareT, aRfrTovandiT da yvelam xalisiT

aaJRereT saRmrTo sixarulis gulis simebi.

Sesrulda TviTeuli morwmune qarTve-

lis didi xnis idumali gulis wadili: gare-

SeTagan zRaprad cnobil-miCneuli qarTuli

eklesiis Tavisufleba, marTalia, SecvliT,

Cven rom gvindoda ara srulebiT im saxiT,

magram mainc ukve arsebuli faqtia dRes; iv-

eriis eklesiis TviTTaobam, Tumc SekveciT,

magram mainc xorci Seisxa; mkaTaTvis oc-

daxuT ricxvs ruseTis droebiTma mmarTv-

elobam daadastura Cveni eklesiis konsti-

tucia da es ambavi ciuri zaris CamorekviT

efineba saqarTvelos. dReidan CrdiloeTi

- 145 -


veRar gasWedavs qarTveli kacis sinidisisa

da rwmenisaTvis Semzarav xundebs, dReidan

sveticxovelSi, sionSi, alaverdSi, gelaT-

Si, martvilSi da sxvagan alagi aRar eqneba

ucxo enaze mRvdelTmsaxurebas da qadage-

ba-moZRvrebas, amieridan qarTveli eklesia

xelaxla Seeqsov-SeeduRa pirvelsa da meo-

re anton kaTalikosTa droindeli eklesiis

sxeuls da, cxadia, amis Semdeg TavisTavad

gascviva mas is zRmurdlebi, romlebiTac

igi ase dasaxiCrebulia dRes ucxoelTa

sazizRari gavlenis mizezebiT. es qarTvel-

Ta sayvareli sioni, guSin

leCaq-axdili da Seuracxyofili,

dRe idan, iveriis saukuniTgan mfarvelis

RvTis mSoblis meoxebiT xelaxla Seimosavs

saxelsa da didebas, samSoblo enaze sa-

soebiani wirva-locviT da moZRvreba-qad-

agebiT guls gagviTbobs didsa da pataras

da sul Cqara Semogvikrebs Tavis garSemo,

„viTarca saxed Seikribnis mfrinvelman

marTveni Tvisni qveSe frTebTa TvisTa.“

dReidan qarTul eklesiaSi wmida gundru-

kad daekmeva Cveni mnaTobebis _ wmida ni-

nosi, qeTevan dedoflisa, daviT aRmaSeneb-

lisa, Tamar mefisa, gabriel, ioane, eqvTime

da giorgi mTawmindelebis mimarTuleba da

amas Sedegad mohyveba guladi, mxne, ganvi-

Tarebuli da azriani axalgazrda saqarT-

velo. dRevandelisTana dRis Seqmnas See-

wirnen zvarakebad filadelfos kiknaZe _

SuamTis monastris mRvdel-monazoni, cno-

bili mwignobar-mgalobeli arqimandriti

tarasi da ukeTilSobilesi qarTveli dimi-

tri yifiani. am dRes natrulobdnen da uga-

lobdnen grigoli da vaxtang orbelianebi,

giorgi da rafiel erisTavebi, didi ilia

WavWavaZe, ukvdavi akaki da sxv. Cven, Cven

gvarguna gangebulebam saRmrTo wilad Cve-

ni beTlemis gamobrwyinebis ambis gagoneba

da xilva da aman gamabedvina Tqveni mowve-

va taZarSi mxurvale madlobis Sesawiravad

zeciuri mamisadmi, rom Rirsgvyo esodeni

bednierebisa. magram eklesiis ganTavisu-

flebiT Cven pirveli nabiji gadavdgiT Ta-

visuflebisaken, niskarti vkariT da marto

gavbzareT tlanqi naWuWi monobisa. Tavisu-

flebas moklebul samSobloSi Tavisufali

eklesiis mdgomareobac sabralisia. amitom

didma da pataram naTlad SevignoT, rom

dReidan am wmida ninos sxivmfeni jvaris

mudmivi Cvendami Zaxili iqneba is, rom Cven-

mier ganTavisuflebul da damoukidebel

samSobloSi eklesias urRvevel zRuded da

galavnad gars SemomavloT politikurad

Tavisufali saqarTvelo. ismineT ese, sam-

Soblos Zeno da asulno, da miyaviT yuri

Tqveni!

episkoposi leonide.

gazeTi `saqarTvelo~, 1917, #175, mariamobisTvis

10 [23], gv. 3.

sityva Tqmuli sveticxovlis taZarSi avtokefaliis wlis Tavze

saxeliTa mamisaTa, da ZisaTa, da sulisa

wmidisaTa. adamianTa sabednierod arsebobs

saRmrTo da Zvirfasi sityva Tavisufleba, rom-

lis marto gagoneba sixarulis frTebs asxavs

da saamo ocnebaTa fiandazad efineba gagebu-

li kacis sulsa da gonebas. dedamiwa ar iZleva

meore Rirebulobas, meore iseT saunjes, rom

gverdSi amoudges, daedaros da Seefardos Ta-

visi mniSvnelobiT Tavisuflebas.

Zvirfasia, magaliTad, swavla-ganaT-

leba, didi bednierebaa jansaRoba da dRe-

grZeloba, sagrZnobeli sikeTea simdidre,

magram Tu kaci moklebulia Tavisuflebas,

Tu misi arseboba dafuZnebuli ar aris Ta-

- 146 -


visuflebis saRmrTo niWze, uqmi, gamousa-

degari da yovelgvar mniSvneloba-Rirsebas

moklebulia misTvis swavlac, simdidrec

da jansaRoba-dRegrZelobac. „Sevqmnad

kaci xatad da msgavsad Cvenda“-o, brZana

RmerT-kacis Seqmnis win da ai swored es Rv-

Tisadmi msgavseba da xatebaa is Tavisufle-

ba, romliTac kaci kacobs, is madliani Zala,

romelic adamians ganacdevinebs qveyanaze

mefobas, aziarebs ukvdavebas da miafrens

ganusazRvreli winsvlisa, goneba-zneobrivi

ganviTarebisa da sisrulisaken. amitom

srulebiT bunebrivi da gasagebia, rom ka-

cis gulsa da gonebas ase Zalumad swyuria

Tavisufleba da im naTel wams, rodesac igi

(kaci) xelT gdebulobs amqveyniur saunje-

Ta Soris uZvirfases saRirals, ubrwyinva-

les da usaRmrToes dResaswaulad isaxavs

TavisTvis da Tavisi modgma-CamomavlobisT-

vis. weliwadi Sesrulda, Zvirfasno, rom

samSoblo eklesiis Tavisuflebas vezia-

reniT, weliwadi gavida, rac am didebuli

taZris TaRebis qveS pirvelad CavisunTqeT

Tavisufali eklesiis haeri, SarSan am dros

iyo, rom morwmune qarTveloba, saqarTve-

los yvela kuTxeebidan mozRvavebuli am

mama-papaTa Tavmosawoni samlocvelos far-

To galavanSi, mxiarulebiT afrialebda

Tavisuflebis sanatrel droSas, SarSan am

dros iyo, rom qarTvelma samRvdeloebam

pirvelad Seswira am taZarSi samSoblosa

da erisaTvis usisxlo msxverpli ruseTis

eklesiisagan damoukideblad! ra mogvita-

na, ra SegvZina, ra gvapovnina axali ekle-

siis Tavisuflebis aRdgenam, ikiTxavs vinme

Tqvengani. didi da driadi mniSvnelobis az-

rTa da rwmenaTa sakeTilo Secvla-Sefaseba.

Tu warsuli wlis martis Tormetamde ucx-

oTa ZaladobiTi mbrZaneblobis gamo Cve-

ni eklesiis cxovrebaSi TiTqmis araviTari

uflebrivi alagi ara hqonda daTmobili

eklesiis sxeulis udides da uZlieres naw-

ils _ ers, Tu mrevls eklesiis meumfrose-

ni Sescqerodnen ise, rogorc marto sakreW

faras da arafers ar ekiTxeboda mas, garda

xarjebis gawevisa, naCvenebi droidan Ziri

gamoeTxara da bolo moeRo aseT ukuRmar-

Tobas da eklesiis marTva gamgeobaSi mTa-

vari alagi daeTmo eris survils, eris nebi-

syofas. aq, sveticxovelSi, warsuli wlis

martis Tormets imas dResaswaulobda da

zeimobda qarTveloba, rom am dRidan igi

dadginda da gamocxadda erovnuli eklesi-

is srul uflebian patron-batonad da mis

daukiTxavad SeuZlebeli gaxda eklesiis

cxovrebaSi raime cvlilebisa da brZanebis

gatareba, ai, ra SesZina da ra apovnina Cvens

ers axali mSoblio eklesiis Tavisuflebis

aRdgenam! didia aseTi SeZena da Tavisi vi-

TarebiT igi udris frinvelis kvercxis im

beWeds, romelic ucdomeli niSania Tavis

droze kvercxidan saRi cocxali arsebis

gamoCekisa. ra Sedegebi mohyva cxovreba-

Si am SeZenaso, riTi gaaukeTesa man Cveni

moqalaqobao, ikiTxavs vinme. Cemda sava-

lalod, Cemda samwuxarod da Cemda gulis

dasawyvetad, unda gamogitydeT, rom ve-

rafers sanugeSos ver vpoveb saTqmelad

dasmul kiTxvaze sapasuxod. eklesiis gan-

Tavisuflebidan aramc Tu ar amoRebula

da ar gaumjobesebula zneobrivad Cveni

moqalaqoba, piriqiT, am didebuli istori-

uli faqtis Semdeg iseT borot movlenaTa

hqoniaT masSi alagi, romlebic amourecxel

laqad darCebian samudamo da Cveni zneobis

matianeSi. aseTia, sxvaTa Soris, is uRvTo

awiokeba, is gaukiTxavi Zarcva-rbeva, uman-

ko bavSvebisa, WaRara mosili mandilos-

nebisa da mamakacebis is Seubralebeli xo-

cva-Jleta, romelic jerac ar SeCerebula

goris mazraSi ra romelic saSiSari cecx-

lis enasaviT amoxeTqavs xolme xan kaxeTSi,

xan duSeTis mazraSi da xan imereTSi. bolo

wlis ganmavlobaSi Cveni sabralo samSoblo

moZmeTagan daxocil qarTvelTa sisxlis

tbadaa qceuli da yvelani moZmeTa sisxlis

gubeebSi davtoveT! sad aris aq qristeanoba,

sad aris Tavisufleba, Segneba da goniereba,

an RvTis msgavseba da xateba kacTa Soris?!

ara, zeimi da dResaswauli ki ara, ufro

Sesaferi da marTebuli iqmneboda dRisa da

adgilisaTvis, rom didsa da pataras fer-

- 147 -


fli da nacari gadagvebnia Tavze da, ZaZa

Semosilebs, niSnad Rrma mwuxarebisa moZme-

Ta amoJletis gamo, saqveyno glova-tirili

gagvemarTa am Cveni eris Wirisa da lxinis

WaRara mowamis samlocvelos ezoSi. magram,

ra viciT, sayvarelno, rom aq mosulebs

swored erTi grZnobebi ar moutaniaT gu-

liT am RvTiv-brwyinvale sveticxovlis win

farulad gansacxadeblad? vin dagvajerebs,

rom aq mosul qudosan mandilosnebSi zogi-

erTni mware cremlebis RvriT aRTqmas ar

sdeben sveticxovlis qveS damarxul sau-

flo kvarTis win imaze, rom dReidan maTi

arsebobis sagnad gaxdeba mxolod moyvas-

Tadmi Tavdadebuli samsaxuri, vin dag-

varwmunebs, rom sveticxovlis win mdgom

mlocvelTa simravlisagan ocisa, ocdaaTi

kacis guls mainc ar ecxoba am wams saRmr-

To mironi dReidan RvTis saTno da moZme-

Ta sasikeTo cxovrebis kvalze dadgomisa

da es xom srulebiT sakmarisia CvenTvis, es

xom marTla sadResaswaulo da sasixaruloa

yvelasTvis, es xom xelaxla mogvibrunebs

zecieri mamis mowyale guls, es xom utyuari

windia imisi, rom gais am dros moZmeTa mosi-

yvaruleTa ricxvi gaorkecdeba Cven Soris,

mesame wels gaaTkecdeba da ase amgvarad

marad win vivliT zneobriv ganviTarebaSi,

sanam ar mivaRwevT „yvelani erTobasa sarw-

munoebisasa da mecnierebasa Zisa RvTisasa,

mamakacad srulad, sazomad hasakisa savse-

bisa mis qristesisa, raTa arRa-ra viyvneT

yrma CCvil, Relva aRtexil da mimotacebul

yovlisa mas qarsa moZRvrebisasa, siveragiTa

da kacTaTa da zakulebaTa manqanebisa mis

mimarT sacTunebisa (efes. 4,13-14). ucbad

da SeberviT ara rigdeba-ra. RmerTi Rmer-

Tia, magram qveynis Seqmnas imanac eqvsi dRe

moandoma. as Cvidmeti wlis manZilze dRe da

Ram ganuwyvetlad gvTiSavda, gvmduRravda,

Zvlebs gvidnobda, gvafiCxebda, gvZravda da

gvyinavda CrdiloeTis qvis mtexi zamTari

da ra safiqrebelia, rom erTi wlis gazafx-

ulis mzis naz sxivebs gaelxvoT da gaednoT

srulebiT is warmoudgeneli sisqis yinuli,

romliTac Seborkil-gadalesilia mTeli

Cveni sulieri arseba! yvelas genaxvebaT, ra

umweoT da uazroT awydeba xolme midamos

gazafxulis pirze mzis pirveli sxivebiT

skidam gamotyuebuli, sicivisagan dabuxu-

li, futkari, magram gadis dro, dgeba zaf-

xuli da madliani „RvTis muSakic“ dRiTi

dRe frTebs Slis, Ronierdeba, sicocxlis

ZaliT ivseba da bolos jarasaviT trials

wyobilobs yvavilebiT dafenil vel-mind-

vrebSi skaSi wasaRebi Taflisa amosawuwnad.

raki warsuli wlis martis Tormetidan

agvecra sinidisis Tavisuflebis siyvaruli,

raki ramdenimes Cagvisaxa mSoblio eklesi-

is ganTavisuflebis ganzraxva, CvenTvinac

yovlisave mizezis gareSe dadgeba sanatre-

li zafxuli, Cvenc aucileblad gavaCaRebT

SemoqmedebiT muSaobas, momaval wlebSi aq

mosulebi Cvenc gaRonierebulebi futkre-

biviT zneobrivad datvirTulebi viqnebiT

Taflisa da cvilis msgavsi Zvirfasi, saa-

mo, sasargeblo da sasaxelo saqmeebiT,

grZnobebiT, mimarTulebiT da sulis gan-

wyobilebiT. axla ki am Cveni erovnuli Sara-

vandedisa da siamayis saTayvanebeli erekles

kubos win fici davdoT radganac Cvens say-

varel samSoblos gareSe mtrebi mosdgomian

karze da akleba damonebiT emuqrebian piri-

dan lukmas gamovicliT, ukanasknel perangs

gavyidiT, sulidan dawyebuli xmarebisagan

gacveTil cocxamde yvelafers samSoblos

samsxverploze davdebT da qali da kaci,

xnieri da axalgazrda, jansaRi da uZluri

deda samSoblos winaSe imiTi gamovisyidiT

samoqalaqo brZolis warmoebiT Cadenil

Secodebas, rom mtled davedebiT, samsx-

verplo fTilebad SevewirebiT mas da ise

guladad SevebrZolebiT mis (samSoblos)

dasamoneblad gamzadebul mtris razmebs,

rogorc erekles drois sasaxelo aspinZis

omis qarTveli gmirebi.

dedao RvTisao, gvismine da gagvimar-

jve! amin.

mitropoliti leonide.

gazeTi `saqarTvelo~ 1918, #93, 17 maisi, gv. 3-4.

- 148 -


saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi Tbilisi maisis

vardiviT ayvavebula da, erovnul droSebis

tyeSi Camjdari, wminda wylis lalis kria-

losniviT saocnebod brWyvialebs cxra Tva-

li mzis sxivebze. mZlavr skidan gamosul

axal nayari futkrebisaviT gamovfenilvarT

yvelani karze da simRera-musikiT vlaRobT,

vzeimobT, vdResaswaulobT da vmxiarulobT

qali da kaci, moxuci da axalgazrda, swavlu-

li da uswavleli, muSa da saxelmwifo mox-

ele, mxedari da vaWari.

raSia saqme? ra moxda Cvens cxovrebaSi

iseTi, rom ase ucbad dagvviwyebia yvelas

yoveldRiuri dardi da varami, ase Tanabrad

mogvdebia didsa da pataras usazRvro mx-

iaruleba? iqneba dRevandelma dRem dagva-

saCuqra Tamar mefis, daviT aRmaSeneblis,

SoTa rusTavelis msgavsi pirovnebiT, an

iqneba Cvens qveyanaSi aRmovaCineT Zvirfasi

Tval-margalitisa da oqro-vercxleulobis

uamravi zinaTebi da amis gamoa, rom samx-

iarulod gagvixsnia yvelas Subli da guli,

esaa mizezi dRevandeli Cveni Sveba-lxeni-

sa? ara! yvela es, gindac erTad aRebuli,

ar kmara, metad mcire da mdarea imisaTvis,

rom ase aRfrTovandes, fexze dadges, bed-

nierebis fialad iqces da mzebr gabrwyindes

mTeli eri. dRes Cven viTvaliswinebT imis

SeZenas, riTac kaci kacobs da Tavi moswons.

dRes qarTveli eri dResaswaulobs saku-

Tari Tavis povnas. es dRe wlis Tavia Cveni

samSoblos kisridan politikuri monobis

saTakilo uRlis axdisa; es dRe wlisTavia,

rac saqarTvelo Seiqmna damoukidebel, Ta-

visufal, suverenuli uflebebiT mosil

qveynad _ ai, ras igonebs, ras dResaswau-

lobs da ras umReris dRes mTliani saqarT-

velo „erTiTa guliTa da erTiTa piriTa“

kidiT kidemde! ai, ris gamo ametyvelebu-

la dRes saqarTveloSi ueno, fexi audgams

kuts, Tvalis Cini miscemiaT brmebs da say-

vareli Svilebis dammarxvel sabralis mS-

oblebs mware tirili SeucvliaT mayrul-

ze! esaa mizezi, rom sasikvdined gadadebul

avadmyofebsac ki guli aRar dasdgomiaT

saxlebSi da uTxovniaT mokeTeTaTvis saka-

ceebiT gareT gatana, rom ramdenime wamiT

mainc ganicadon mSoblio eris saerTo lx-

ini! dastkbiT, Zvirfasno moqalaqeno! ix-

areT da ibedniereT, Cemo sasiqadulo su-

liero Svilebo, am Seudarebeli, saRmrTo

da iSviaTi wamiT! social-politikuri Ta-

visufleba da damoukidebloba samSoblo-

si _ amis mopovebisTvisaa, rom guli ucems

Segnebul adamians, esaa, rom enatreba yvel-

as, vinc Rirseulad atarebs quds da kacis

saxels. SeiyvareT, SeitkbeT, sisxl-xorcad,

sunTqvad, meore bunebad gaixadeT, sayva-

relno, samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis

zrunva da TavganwirviT samsaxuri. yve-

lafers SeelieT, yvelaferi dasTmeT, nu-

raviTar msxverpls nu daeridebiT samSob-

los damoukideblobis gansamtkiceblad da

gwamdeT, rom amaze sasaxelos, amaze saqe-

bars, amaze saTnos, amaze ufro sasikeTos

da saxeiros rogorc TqvenTvis, ise Tqve-

ni CamomavlobisaTvis TviT RmerTic verc

rames gagonebT, da verc risames garigebas

SegaZlebinebT Tqvens sicocxleSi. Tavi-

sufleba yvelaferia TviTeuli pirovnebi-

sTvinac da mTeli erisTvinac. magram unda

vicodeT, rom Tavisufleba metad nazi

da azizi bunebisaa. igi marto iqa xeirobs

da fesvebs idgams, sadac trialebs „suli

uflisa,“ ese igi sadac adamiani adamians

scnobs, erTi meores afasebs, TviTeulis

pirovneba xelSeuxebel saunjedaa cnobili,

sxvisadmi samsaxuri, sxvisTvis Tavisdadeba,

sxvisi amaRleba da gaxareba sakuTar bed-

nierebadaa aRiarebuli, sadac yvelam icis

sakuTari Tavis alagmva, SezRudva, daWera

da Seviwroveba, rom mezobels, Tavis msgavs

Sesxma warmoTqmuli saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirveli wlisTavis zeimobis dRes,

saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqis leonidis mier

- 149 -


adamians araviTari ziani, araviTari usiam-

ovneba, araviTari mwuxareba da simware ar

miayenos arc sityviT da arc saqmiT. esaa

erTad-erTi piroba qveyanaze saTayvano Ta-

visufleba-damoukideblobis ganmtkicebisa.

aqeTken viqonioT yvelam guli da goneba,

mas vetrfodeT, es SeviZinoT da saqarTve-

loc sul mokle droSi Seiqmneba dedamiwis

mdidar saxelganTqmul, Zlier da uZlevel

nawilad. mogilocavT, mamuliSvilebo, sam-

Soblos damoukideblobis wlisTavs, viT

qristes brwyinvale aRdgomis dRes!

RmerTma akurTxos, aRadginos, gana-

Zlieros mkvidrTa raodenobiT da aRavsos-

sulier materialuri dovlaTiT xativiT

salocavi sayvareli saqarTvelo! amin!

kaTolikoz-patriarqi leonide.

gazeTi `saqarTvelo~, 1919, #223, 16

RvinobisTve, gv. 3.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqis mowodeba

Zeno qarTlisao! sruliad saqarTvelos

vaJkacno da qalno!

madli da kurTxeva ieso qristesi

Tqvenda. saukunoebSi ganwirul saqarTve-

los saRmrTo gangebam arguna xvedri, gax-

des samared skviTebisa, romelTac Semusres

da dasces ruseTi da romelnic azia- ev-

ropaSi mxolod yvelafers angrevdnen da

anadgurebdnen. TiTqos ukeTurni uaxlo-

vdebodnen Cvens deda qalaqs da damSeulni

elodnen TbilisSi gemrieli puriT da Rvin-

iT gaZRomas, Tbilisis ganTqmul abanoebSi

dasufTavebas, magram rogorc arasodes,

mtkvari pirs ar ibrunebs ukuRma, ise Cveni

veragi mteri, ver miaRwevs borot ganzrax-

vas, RmerTi ar aRirsebs mas saqarTvelos

dapyrobas, yovlad wmida RvTis mSobeli

cecxlad Seargebs mas Cveni mamulis pur-

sa da Rvinos, romelsac qarTveloba vxma-

robT sefiskverad da zedaSed. sayvarel-

no, frontis zurgSi myofno! SevinarCunoT

sruli darbaisloba, gulis simSvide da xa-

siaTis simtkice. nu mivecemiT im saSiSar da

cru xmebs, romlebsac avrceleben xolme

mxolod Cveni mtrebi, xalxSi SiSisa, saso-

warkveTilebisa da areulobis gamosawvevad.

endeT Cems WaRaras, rogorc veraviTari

Zala ver moglejs Tavis Ziridan kavka-

sions, Tu ara miwis qveSeTidan amoxeTqi-

li Zliereba, ise veraviTari bolSevikebi

da somex-aderbeijanelebi veras daakleben

saxelovan kaxel-qiziyelisa TuS-fSav-xe-

vsur-mTielebisa, utexi qarTlelebisa da

amay imer-odiSar- afxazebisagan Semdgar

saqarTvelos laSqars, Tu frontis zur-

gi mtkiced gveqneba daculi. amas gTxovT,

Cemo sulierno Zeno da asulno, samSoblos

siyvaruliT, amaze gevedrebiT mTeli Cemi

arsebiT, amas mivaqcev Tqven mTavar yur-

adRebas, danarCeni yvelaferi Cvens xelT

aris da iqneba.

RmerTma akurTxos da Cqari Zleva-mo-

silebiT Semosos Cveni amayi laSqari! yovlad-

wmida RvTismSobelma daicvas da daifaros

Tavisi dedobrivi kalTiT misi wilxdomili

saqarTvelo! qeba, dideba da maradisoba qa-

rTvel ers!

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqi leonide

- 150 -


Gvantsa Burduli

The Georgian Apostolic Orthodox Church in 1918-1921

Resume

Two most critical periods of the 2000 year-old history of the Apostolic Church of Georgia are to be attributed to the 19th-20th centuries. They were the abolition of its autocephaly by the Russian royal court and its restoration, gained by the striving of the Georgian nation and clergy. Starting from the year 1811, this Church, the stronghold of Christianity for the entire Caucasus, was transformed into an additional part of the Russian bureaucracy. Before Russia›s presence in Georgia, the Church had been an owner of immense property. She had been an economically independent institution by which she was profoundly different from the Russian Church.

From the XX century, the congrega ons of the Georgian clergy became fre-quent, requiring restora on of the autocephaly of the Georgian Apostolic Church. The social-economic and poli cal crisis in the Russian Empire in January-February 1917 forced Emperor Nikoloz II to resign from the throne. Georgian autocephalists used the best of the situa on. On March 12, 1917, the Georgian clergy finally suc-ceeded in restoring the autocephaly of the Church.

The year 1918 was very important for the Church. Georgian state indepen-dence was restored. Despite that fact Patriarch of All Georgia Leonide (oqropiridze) had a hard me and had difficul es with him. It was hard for Georgia as a home and foreign state. The Government of the Democra c Republic of Georgia was atheist. With the legisla ve acts adopted by the authori es, the Orthodox Apostolic Church of Georgia turned out to be in serious condi on.

- 151 -

tariel futkaraZe tariel futkaraZe profesori

terminologiuri Secdomebi da arsgayalbebuli simboluri TariRebi(baTumis mxaris Sesaxeb 1918-1921 wlebSi Seqmnili oficialuri

dokumentebis zogi terminiis analizi sainformacio omis konteqstSi)

sainformacio omi, rogorc demografiuli resursis marTvis procesi, mudam iyo

didi Tu mcire omebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani waxnagi. mosaxleobis cnobierebis

marTvis, kerZod, ganwyobebis Camoyalibebis, aseve, informirebisa Tu dezinformire-

bis TvalsazrisiT, sainformacio Setevasa Tu sainformacio Tavdacvas udidesi mniS-

vneloba eniWeba Tanamedrove msoflioSi163.

humanitaruli mecnierebebi (enaT-

mecniereba, istoriografia, literatur-

is istoria, eTnologia...) qmnida, qmnis da

momavalSic Seqmnis farTo sazogadoebis

makonsolidirebel Tu damanawevrebel,

maorientirebel Tu madezorientirebel

winapirobebs (/safuZvlebs). pozitiuri Tu

negatiuri Sedegi damokidebulia rogorc

kvlevis sizusteze, ise kvlevis damfinanse-

belTa mizanzec; samwuxarod, xSirad, ama Tu

im qveynis xelisuflebis mier mizanmimarTu-

lad xdeba istoriuli faqtebis gayalbebac

da ideologemebis SemuSavebac, raTa sasur-

veli mimarTulebiT moimarTos mocemuli

miwa-wylis mflobeli xalxis cnobiereba,

saboloo jamSi, aseTi xelisuflebis miza-

nia demografiuli resursis marTviT Tav-

isi gavlena daitovos (Tu ganavrcos) sxva

saxelmwifos samizne teritoriaze. iSviaTi

araa realuri istoriis uneblie damaxin-

jebac, rac, aseve, SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegem

gamoiyenos sainformacio omSi; Sesabamisad,

saxelmwifoTa Soris xangrZlivad normal-

izebuli urTierTobebis Camosayalibeblad

arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs obieqtur kvleva-

sa da akademiur kvalifikaciebs. sainforma-

cio omis konteqstSi warmodgenil statiaSi

gaanalizebulia:

• baTumis mxaris, baTumis olq-

is, samuslimano saqarTvelosa da

aWaris aRmniSvneli qarTuli da ru-

suli saxelebis urTierTmi marTeba

da terminebis erTmaneTSi aRre-

viT gamowveuli is azrTa sxvadasx-

vaoba, romelic Tavs iCens aWaris

avtonomiuri respublikis Seqmnis

163 dRes rogorc arasodes, globluri qselisa

Tu Tanamedrove teqnologiebis pirobebSi, Zalian

gaiolebulia sazogadoebis informireba Tu dezin-

formireba.

- 152 -

tariel futkaraZe tariel futkaraZe

samarTleblivi safuZvlebis kvlevi-

sas.

• sabWoTa saqarTveloSi 25 Tebervli-

sa da TurqeTSi 7 martis sadResas-

waulo dReebad gamocxadebis ide-

ologizebuli motivacia.

baTumis mxare, baTumis olqi da aWaris avtonomiuri respublika

bolo periodis istoriografiuli

kvle vebis mixedviT 1921 wlis 16 ivliss

bolSevikebis mier aWaris avtonomiuri re-

spublikis Seqmna unisonSia saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis 1921 wlis kon-

stituciiT baTumis mxarisaTvis (samusli-

mano saqarTvelosaTvis) gaTvaliswinebul

statussa da 1919 wlis 31 agvistos samusli-

mano saqarTvelos (baTumis mxaris) mosaxle-

obis mier gamoxatul nebasTan164. davimow-

meb bolo wlebSi gamoqveynebul ramdenime

naSroms (damowmebul naSromebSi samar-

Tlianadaa aqcentirebuli, rom 1918-1921

wlebSi ruseTma da osmaleTma saqarTvelos

okupacia moaxdines):

vaxtang guruli: àWaraSi TurqeTis,

xolo Semdeg ruseTis xangrZlivma batono-

bam, TurqeTisa da ruseTis antiqarTul-

ma politikam garkveuli niadagi moumzada

aWaris avtonomiis ideas (xazi Cemia _ t. f.).

es idea popularuli iyo aWaraSi saqarTve-

los demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis

periodSi (1918-1921 ww.). aWaris avtonomia


SemadgenlobaSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, dadas-

turda saqarTvelos 1921 wlis konstituci-

iT (xazi Cemia _ t. f.), Tumca, ruseTis mier

saqarTvelos dapyrobis gamo igi praqtiku-

lad ar ganxorcielda~ (saqarTvelos isto-

ria, XX saukune, saxelmZRanelo istoriis

fakultetis studentebisaTvis; Tb., 2003,

gv. 114);

164 samuslimano saqarTvelos mosaxleobis neba

gamoixata 1919 wlis 31 agvistos baTumSi Catarebul

samuslimano saqarTvelos delegatTa pirvel yri-

lobaze (xelmowerili dokumentisa da misi varian-

tebis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT).

uCa oqropiriZe: memed abaSiZem `SeZ-

lo regionis progresuli Zalebis Tavis

irgvliv gaerTianeba da brZolis gamarjve-

biT dagvirgvineba _ 1919 wlis 31 agvistos

qarTvel muslimanTa pirvel yrilobaze

miRebuli dadgenilebiT, romlis mixedvi-

Tac samuslimano saqarTvelo (aqac da qve-

moTac xazi Cemia _ t. f.) deda-samSoblos-

Tan samaradisod SeerTebulad gamocxadda

farTo avtonomiis safuZvelze. aWaris

avtonomiis Seqmnis samarTlebrivi safuZve-

li aris swored 1919 wlis 31 agvistos isto-

riuli aqtiT samuslimano saqarTvelos mo-

saxleobis mier gamoxatuli neba da am nebis

1921 wlis 21 Tebervals konstituciuri

damtkiceba saqarTvelos ZiriTad kanonSi”

(u. oqropiriZe, aWaris avtonomiis Seqmna,

Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 221);

nazi daSniani: “1919 wlis 31 agvis-

tos baTumSi Seikriba musliman qarTvel-

Ta warmomadgenloba, romelmac SeimuSava

mimarTva saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kre-

bisa da parizis sazavo konferenciisadmi.

am mimarTvaSi baTumi, iseve, rogorc mTeli

aWara (xazi Cemia _ t. f.), aRiarebuli iyo

saqarTvelos nawilad avtonomiuri mmarT-

velobis uflebiT. saqarTvelos damfuZne-

belma krebam 1919 wlis 25 dekembers aWaris

olqi baTumiTurT (xazi Cemia _ t. f.) saqa-

rTvelos ganuyofel nawilad gamoacxada,

rac aRiarebulia ruseT-saqarTvelos 1920

wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiTac~ (n. daSni-

ani, dokumentebi baTumis olqis saqarTve-

losTan SemoerTebis Sesaxeb /1920 weli/;

baTumi, 2013, gv. 185)165;

guguli kukulaZe: “1878 wlis 20 se-

qtembers kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mixeil ni-

kolozis Zem moawera xeli debulebas, rom-

lis Tanaxmadac Seiqmna baTumis olqi. mas

saTaveSi edga samxedro gubernatori. pir-

vel samxedro gubernatorad dainiSna gen-

165 aWaris dedasamSoblosTan dabrunebis 135

wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso samecniero

konferencia. samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelo (is-

toria, arqeologia, eTnologia). III. konferenciiis

masalebi, 2013 h p://archives-ajara.gov.ge/text_files/ge_file_233_1.pdf;

- 153 -


eralmaiori konstantine komarovi (Батумь и его окрестности, Бат. 1906: 105). samxedro

da administraciul saqmeebSi igi kavkasiis

armiis mTavarsardals emorCileboda. imave

wels baTumis olqi administraciulad dai-

yo baTumis (baTumis, kintriSis da gonios

ubnebi), arTvinis (artanujis, arTvinis da

SavSeTis ubnebi) da aWaris (zemo aWaris, qve-

mo aWaris da maWaxlis ubnebi) okrugebad...

1903 wlis 17 marts ruseTis imperatorma

nikoloz II-m xeli moawera baTumis olqis

aRdgenis dadgenilebas, xolo 1903 wlis 1

ivnisidan igi damoukidebel erTeulad Cam-

oyalibda. baTumis olqi Sedgeboda baTumisa

da arTvinis okrugebisagan (xazi Cemia _ t.

f.), romelic iyofoda 7 ubnad. amaTgan 4

ubani iyo baTumis okrugSi (kintriSi, go-

nio, qveda da zeda aWara), xolo 3 ubani

_ arTvinis okrugSi (arTvini, artanuji,

SavSeT-imerxevi). baTumis olqi moicavda 6

195 kv. verss; baTumis olqis dedaqalaqad

dasaxelda baTumi~ (g. kukulaZe, saqarTve-

los parlamentis roli qveynis teritori-

uli mTlianobis SenarCunebisTvis brZolis

procesSi 1918-1920 ww. (samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelo); istoriis doqtoris akademi-

uri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

disertacia, baTumi, 2016)166.

ara mxolod damowmebul avtorebTan,

aramed mTlianad qarTulenovan samecnie-

ro literaturaSi mocemul konteqstSi

arasworadaa Targmnili rusuli terminebi:

область, округ; paralelurad, araiSviaTad,

aWara gaTanabrebulia `samuslimano saqarT-

velosTan~ (rac seriozuli Secdomaa). pir-

vel rigSi gavaanalizebT bolo citirebaSi

damowmebul terminebs:

mefisnacvalis mier xelmowerili do-

kumentis dedanSi gamoyenebuli orive ter-

minebi: область da округ imTaviTve (1878

wlidanve!) qarTulad sworad unda Targm-

niliyo; mag., 1906 wlis rusul dokumen-

166 g. kukulaZe imowmebs 2008 wels gamo-

qveynebul jemal karaliZis naSroms `baTumis olqis

aRdgena (1903 weli), saistorio macne XVI-XVII, (Srome-

bis krebuli), baTumi, 2008.

tSi (dedanSi) gamoyenebuli Sesityveba:

Батумская область (`baTumis oblasti~) moi-

cavs `baTumis mxares~167; Sesabamisad, qar-

Tul TargmanSi unda iyos `baTumis mxare~

da ara _ “baTumis olqi”; xolo iq, sadac

rusul teqstSia Батумский округ, Sesabamis

qarTul TargmanSi barbarizmiani Sesityve-

bis nacvlad unda iyos `baTumis olqi~.

aqve warmovadgenT rusuli da qarTuli

terminebis Turqul paralelebsac:

область _ mxare _ osmaluri vilaieTi _

safaSo (romelsac marTavda faSa). область-is sazRvrebi mcirediT aRemateboda vilae-

Tis sazRvrebs. Tanamedrove TurqulSi mx-

aris (regionis, rogorc administraciuli

erTeulis) aRsaniSnavad aris termini ìli~.

округ _ olqi _ osmaluri sanjayi. san-

jayi igivea rac liva168; termini liva 1874

wlidan dasturdeba. Tanamedrove Turqul

istoriografiaSi gamoyenebulia, aseve,

termini `bolge~ (1941 wlidan). sanjayi

(liva) iyofa kazebad: kaza igivea rac dRe-

vandeli ̀ ilCe~; Sdr., Zveli ̀ nahie~ _ raioni.

kaza aris nahieze didi da ilze patara ter-

itoria169.

vfiqrob, cxadia, rom didi sifrTxil-

iT unda movekidoT terminebis Targmnas.

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT 1906 wlis

rusuli dokumentis qarTulenovani in-

167 adreul gamokvlevebSi osmaleTis mier

okupire buli samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos aRsan-

iSnavad `baTumis mxaris~ nacvlad, istoriografiuli

literaturis analogiiT, mec viyenebdi termins: `ba-

Tumis olqi~, oRond, vazustebdi rom es iyo mTlianad

e. w. `samuslimano saqarTvelo~; ix., mag., Cemi werili:

`1921 wlis bolSevikuri okupacia da baTumis olqis

(aWara-qobuleTi, arTvin-SavSeTi) sabediswero danawev-

reba~, sadac gakeTebuli maqvs aseTi SeniSvnac: `dRemde

TiTqmis yvela gamokvlevasa Tu enciklopediaSi `ba-

Tumis olqi~ gaigivebulia gacilebiT mcire teritor-

isTan _ aWarasTan; Sesabamisad, baTumis mTliani olqis

mosaxleobis survili, sxva qarTvelebTan erTad moq-

ceuliyvnen erTian saxelmwifoebriv velSi, gamocxa-

debulia mxolod aWaris mosaxleobis nebad~ (h p://put-karadze1.blogspot.com/2014/02/1921.html).168 Sdr.: Turquli okupaciis dros jer iyo zemo

da qvemo aWaris sanjanyebi. isini Semdeg kazebad ga-

dakeTda imitom, rom 1851 wlidan Seiqmna lazistanis

sanjayi.

169 arabuli wamomavlobis `nahie~ sparsul enaSi

mxolod soflis/qalaqis ̀ ubans~ niSnavs. Turquli ma-

sala dazustda prof. roin yavreliSvilTan.

- 154 -


terpretacia ase unda gamoiyurebodes (aq

gavmarTavT bolo abzacs):

`1903 wlis 17 marts ruseTis impera-

torma nikoloz II-m xeli moawera Батумская область-is (anu baTumis mxaris) administraci-

uli erTeulis aRdgenis dadgenilebas; 1903

wlis 1 ivnisidan igi damoukidebel erTeu-

lad Camoyalibda. baTumis mxare Sedgeboda

baTumisa da arTvinis olqebisagan, romel-

ic iyofoda 7 ubnad. amaTgan 4 ubani iyo

baTumis olqSi (kintriSi, gonio, qveda da

zeda aWara), xolo 3 ubani _ arTvinis olq-

Si (arTvini, artanuji, SavSeT-imerxevi).

Батумская область (= baTumis mxare) moicavda

6 195 kv. verss. baTumis mxaris dedaqalaqad

gamocxadda baTumi~.

baTumis mxarisa da baTumis olqis ru-

suli rukebi ase gamoiyureba:

baTumis mxare /oblasti/ (1)170:

aTumis mxare /oblasti/ (2)171:

170 h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batum_Oblast171 h ps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batumskaya_oblast.jpg

- 155 -


gacilebiT mcire teritorias _ mxolod amJamindel aWaras _ moicavs baTumis olqi /

okrugi/ (damatebulia mxolod maWaxelas xeobis zeda nawili)172:

rusuli Tu osmaluri dokumentebis

Targmanebis dazustebaze dRes ufro arse-

biTia terminologiuri aRreviT gamowveuli

istoriografiuli uzustobebis gasworeba,

ramdenadac dResac aris mcdeloba, miiC-

qmalos leninisa da aTa-Turqis revolu-

ciuri xelisuflebebis mier saqarTvelos

winaaRmdeg 1921 wlis 16 marts Cadenili an-

tiqarTuli qmedeba; kerZod, is, rom saqarT-

velos demokratiuli respublikis kanon-

Sdr., baTumis mxaris (oblastis) zemoT damowmebuli ruka, romelzec mxolod ba-

Tumis olqi (okrugi) davtoveT dedniseuli foniT:

172 h ps://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3

- 156 -


ieri xelisuflebis de faqto da de iure

arsebobis pirobebSi ruseTma da osmaleTma173

1921 wels moskovSi gadainawiles kavkasia

da gaiyves saqarTveloc. am xelSekrulebiT

gayves baTumis mxarec (`baTumis oblasti~):

bolSevikebma da aTaTurqis xelisu-

flebam saqarTvelos demokratiuli xeli-

suflebisa da samuslimano saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis nebis sawinaaRmdegod, e.w.

neitraluri teritoriis saxiT, gamoacxa-

des aWaris avtonomia, romelic moicavda

ara baTumis mxares (baTumisa da arTvinis

olqebs), aramed, mxolod baTumis olqs zemo

maWaxelis gamoklebiT174. aRvniSnavT imasac,

rom saerTaSoriso molaparakebebisa Tu

garigebebis dros SeiZleba terminologi-

urma siWrelemac gansazRvra samxreT-dasav-

leT saqarTvelos zogi provinciis bedi175.

baTumis mxaris konteqstSi terminolo-

giuri bundovneba Tu aRreva ara mxolod

Tanamedrove istoriografiul gamokv-

levebSi, aramed 1918-1921 wlebSi Seqmnil

masalebSic xSirad gvaqvs, magram am Tval-

sazrisiT unakloa saqarTvelos respublikis

1921 wlis 21 Tebervlis konstitucia. samag-

173 sulTnis (osmaleTis) xelisuflebis stam-

bolSi arsebobis miuxedavad, 1920 wels ankaraSi Seiqm-

na revoluciuri mTavroba; 1921 wels ki _ `TurqeTis

didi erovnuli krebis mTavroba~ (romelic 1921 wels

namdvilad ar iyo legitimuri xelisufleba!). ankaris

mTavrobam 1923 wels daarsa `TurqeTis respublika~.

aqve aRvniSnav imasac, rom Sua saukuneebSi sxva xalx-

ebis miwa-wyalze osmaleTis saxelmwifo daarses Sua

aziidan mosulma oRuzTa Stos qais tomis warmomad-

genlebma osman pirvelis meTaurobiT, romelTac 1453

wlis 29 maiss aiRes konstantinepoli (amJamindeli

stamboli). qarTvelTa istoriuli saxelmwifos samx-

reT-dasavleTi nawili osmaleTis imperiam iaraRis

ZaliT daipyro XVI-XVII saukuneebSi.

174 menSevikuri mTavrobis mier navaraudevi `ba-

Tumis mxaris avtonomia~ da bolSevikebis mier Se-

qmnili àWaris avtonomiuri respublika~ arsebiTad

gansxvavdeba: am ukanasknelSi saerTod ar moiazreba

istoriuli tao-klarjeTi.

175 òblastisa~ da òkrugis~ aRrevis erTi sain-

tereso magaliTi mogvawoda prof. vaxtang gurulma

(risTvisac mas did madlobas movaxsenebT): brest-li-

tovskis sazavo xelSekrulebis meoTxe muxlis meo-

re abzacSi ixsenieba ardaganis (artaanis), yarsisa da

baTumis okrugebi; teqstSi ar Cans arTvinis okru-

gi; aSkaraa, rom xelSekrulebaSi daSvebulia Secdo-

ma: `baTumis okrugis~ nacvlad unda iyos `baTumis

oblasti~. am da sxva xelSekrulebebSic iSviaTi ar

aris msgavsi lafusebi.

aliTod SevapirispirebT 1918-1921 wlebSi

Seqmnil ramdenime dokuments, romelic aT-

valsaCinoebs, rom samxreT-dasavleT saqa-

rTvelos mcxovrebTa warmomadgenlobi-

Ti yrilobis monawilenic da saqarTvelos

centraluri xelisuflebac erTiani gegmiT

cdilobda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos aRor-

Zinebas, romlis nawilic unda gamxdariyo

`samuslimano saqarTveloc~ (sul mcire,

baTumisa da arTvinis olqebi); kerZod,

samuslimano saqarTvelos avtonomias unda

moecva aWarac, maWaxelic, lazeTis nawil-

ic, SavSeT-imerxevic da taos didi nawilic.

saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebisa

da samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos warmo-

madgenelTa saerTo midgomas warmoaCens

qvemoT damowmebuli istoriuli dokumen-

tebis saerTo terminologiac; Sdr.:

`samuslimano saqarTvelos ganmaTavi-

suflebeli komitetis”176 mier organizebu-

li yrilobisa da 1918-1921 wlebSi arsebuli

saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebebi.

1918-1921 wlebis qarTulenovan doku-

mentebs Soris aRsaniSnavia `baTomis olq-

is musulman qarTvelTa warmomadgenlebis~

yrilobis177 pirvel (31. 08. 1919 w.) da meo-

176 1918 wlis aprilSi baTumSi osmaleTis saok-

upacio jaris Sesvlis Semdeg aWaris mkvidrTa aqtiur-

ma nawilma, romelmac kargad icoda rogorc mSobli-

uri kuTxis, aseve, zogadad, saqarTvelos istoria,

okupirebuli teritoria datova da samoRvaweod

TbilisSi gadavida. maT 1918 wlis 15 maiss saqarTve-

los dedaqalaqSi daarses `samuslimano saqarTvelos

ganmaTavisuflebeli komiteti~; Tavmjdomared air-

Cies memed abaSiZe; wevrebad: h. abaSiZe (moadgile), s.

diasamiZe (mdivani), x. TxilaiSvili, k. ServaSiZe, z.

abaSiZe, s. baJaniZe, q. noRaideli, i. qaTamaZe da sxv.

(sixaruliZe 1973: 124). komitetma Tavisi politiku-

ri mrwamsi Camoayaliba dokumentSi: `programa da in-

struqcia samuslimano saqarTvelos ganmaTavisufle-

beli komitetisa“, romelic 3 Tavisa da 79 muxlisagan

Sedgeboda. programas Tavidan bolomde laitmotivad

gasdevda samuslimano saqarTvelos dedasamSoblos-

Tan SeerTebis idea (dokumentisaTvis analizisa da

Sesabamisi samecniero literaturis mimoxilvisaTvis

ix.: u. oqropiriZe 2011: 124); sxva sityvebiT rom vTq-

vaT, `samuslimano saqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebeli

komitetis~ mizani iyo ara mxolod aWaris, aramed os-

maleTis mier okupirebuli mTeli samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelos SemoerTeba saqarTvelos demokratiul

respublikasTan.

177 baTumis olqis warmomadgenelTa yrilobam

airCia samuslimano saqarTvelos mejlisi (sabWo)

memed abaSiZis TavmjdomareobiT da erTxmad daadgina

- 157 -


re (01. 09. 2919) sxdomebze miRebuli dad-

genilebebi. sayuradReboa, rom Cvenamde

pirveli dadgenilebis sami variantia moR-

weuli; amaTgan ori (xelmouwereli vari-

antebi!) mxolod TbilisSia daculi. es

da bevri sxva garemoebac cxadyofs, rom

pirveli dadgenilebis proeqti `samusli-

mano saqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebelma

komitetma~ centralur xelisuflebasTan

SeTanxmebiT moamzadda. mravlismetyveli

faqtia isic, rom baTumSi miRebuli orive

dadgenileba saqarTvelos centralurma xe-

lisuflebam daadastura 1 seqtembersve.

`baTomis olqis musulman qarTvelTa

warmomadgenlebis~ yrilobis dadgenile-

bebSi terminebi: `samuslimano saqarTvelo~

da `baTumis olqi~ sinonimebia da miemarTe-

ba termins: Батумская область (baTumis mxare).

pirvel dadgenilebas xels aweren rogorc

baTumis olqis (okrugis), aseve, arTvinis

olqis (okrugis) warmomadgenlebi; meore

dadgenilebas yrilobis saxeliT awers xels

memed abaSiZe.

baTomis olqis musulman qarTvelTa

warmomadgenlebis yrilobis dadgenileba

(1919-1921 dauTariRebeli. samoqalaqo ga-

naTlebis ganyofileba. pavle sayvareliZis

piradi arqivi saqarTvelos parlamentis

erovnuli biblioTeka)178; dadgenilebis pir-

veli xelmouwereli proeqti:

“Cven baTomis olqis musulman qarT-

velT warmomadgenelni erTxmaT vmowmobT

RvTisa da qveynis winaSe: rom Cven, baTomis

olqis (qvemoT damowmebul masalaSi xazgas-

ma yvelgan Cemia _ t. f.) mkvidrni mraval

saukuneTa istoriiT, sisxl-xorciT [xe-

liT minaweri: sisxliT da xorciT] da ide-

baTumisa da arTvinis olqebis (aWara, borCxa, arTvi-

ni, SavSeTi da taos didi nawili) SemoerTeba danarCen

saqarTvelosTan avtonomiis safuZvelze; yrilobam

Tavisi delegacia gaagzavna parizis sazavo konfer-

enciaze (am yrilobis Catarebis aucileloba Seqmna

ufro adre Turquli okupaciis dros gayalbebulma

plebiscitma).

178 h p://www.nplg .gov.ge/gsdl/cg i -b in/ l ibrary.exe?e=d-01000-00---off-0cons te--00-1----0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-ka-50---20-about---00-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0u Zz-8-00&a=d&c=cons te&cl=CL3.2&d=HASH01bcd-62c7c80716abbe48890

alebiT [xeliT minaweri: kulturiT da zne-

CveulebiT] mudam ganuyreli vyofilvarT

[xeliT minaweri: viyaviT da varT] Cveni

deda-samSoblo saqarTvelodan [xeliT Cas-

worebuli: saqarTvelosTan], rom Cveni mx-

are usamarTlod moswyvites saqarTvelos

sxeuls brestlitovskis ZaldatanebiTi xe-

lSekrulebiT, romelic ukugdebul iqmna,

mTeli amier-kavkasiis mier saTanado pro-

testiT mokavSireTa winaSe da romelic aw

ukve gabaTilebulia mokavSireTa brwyin-

vale gamarjvebiT.

viRebT ra mxedvelobaSi, rom qalaqi

baTomi mudam qarTuli yofila, rom Tur-

qebis Semosevam mravali qarTveli aiZula

daetovebina aq Tavisi kera da amiT qalaqs

qarTuli elferi daekarga, rom aw baTomi

gadaiqca budeT, sadac Tavs iyrian mrava-

li borotganzraxuli elementebi, romel-

nic lamoben Cveni samSoblos politikis

amRvrevas da Zirs uTxrian mokavSireTa da

saqarTvelos Soris keTilganwyobilebas;

viTvaliswineb ra qalaq baTomis mniSvn-

elobas saqarTvelos aRorZinebisaTvis da

am qalaqis da mTeli mxaris momaval dace-

ma-ganadgurebas im SemTxvevaSi Tu awindeli

gamourkveveli mdgomareoba aq Seicvala;

gamovsTqvamT mTeli Cveni kuTxis mcx-

ovrebTa neba-yoflobiT mxurvale survils

da mtkice gadawyvetilebas, raTa baTomi da

misi olqi kvlav SeuerTdes saqarTvelos

respublikas, rogorc misi ganuyofeli da

udavo nawili am mxaris mkvidrTa sabed-

nieroT, sazogadoebriv wesis da mSvidobi-

anobis ganmtkicebis da gamarjvebul mokav-

SireT Rirsebis triumfisaTvis.

inebos RmerTma, Cveni patara kuTxe gu-

lis siRrmidan amoZaxilma xmam miaRwios maT

gul-yuramdis, visganac damokidebulia misi

bedis gadawyveta da agvisruldes Cveni nat-

vra da miswrafeba~.


warmomadgenlebis yrilobis dadgenileba

(1919–1921 dauTariRebeli. samoqalaqo

ganaTlebis ganyofileba. pavle sayvarel-

iZis piradi arqivi saqarTvelos parlamen-

- 158 -


tis erovnuli biblioTeka) xeliT minaweri:

baTomis olqis musulman qarTvelTa warmo-

madgenlebis yrilobis dadgenileba179 (dad-

genilebis meore xelmouwereli proeqti):

`Cven Semdeg xangrZlivi siCumisa mogve-

ca ra SeZleba vauwyoT mTels qveyanas Cveni

eris survilebi, vmowmobT:

1. Cveni eri qarTveli eris Stoa, Cveni

mxare xangrZliv istoriis msvlelo-

baSi yovelTvis Seadgenda saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos nawils.

2. brest-litovskis ZaldatanebiT xe-

lSekrulebiT Cveni mxare moSore-

bul iqna saqarTvelodan da exla,

roca es xelSekruleba gabaTilebu-

lia mokavSireT gamarjvebiT, Cvens

ers swyuria SeerTeba deda-saqarT-

velosTan.

3. awindeli gamourkveveli mdgomareo-

bam gardaqmna baTomi da mTels Cvens

mxares politikur avanturizmis sa-

gnaT, igi spobs am kuTxis ekonomi-

ur keTildReobas, xels uwyobs ara

sasurvel borot-ganzraxul ele-

mentebis moqmedebas da iwvevs mcx-

ovrebTa aforiaqebas.

4. Cveni eris interesebi, Cveni samSob-

lo saqarTvelos interesebi, mTe-

li amierkavkasiis interesebi da

did saxelmwifoT Rirseba, romel-

Tac daangries brest-litovskis xe-

lSekruleba iTxoven, rom baTomis

da misi olqis gamourkvevel mdgo-

mareobas bolo moeRos da Cveni mx-

are deda-saqarTvelos daubrundes.

amas vmowmobT Cven Cveni eris neba-yo-

flobis Tanaxmad da gvwams, rom Cveni RaRa-

di Sesmenil iqneba maT mier visganac damok-

idebulia Cveni olqis bed-iRbali~.


warmomadgenlebis yrilobis dadgenileba.

gamoqveynebuli. werili dadasturebuli

179 h p://www.nplg .gov.ge/gsdl/cg i -b in/ l ibrary.exe?e=d-01000-00---off-0cons te--00-1----0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-ka-50---20-about---00-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0u Zz-8-00&a=d&c=cons te&cl=CL3.2&d=HASH-973200f8359eca75e4428f

iyo xelmowerebiT180. es varianti gaigzavna

erTa ligaSic181:

baTumis olqis musulman qarTvelTa

warmomadgenlebi, Sekrebilni qal. baTumSi,

ricxviT asi, 1919 w. agvistos 31-sa, kviras,

vacxadebT erTxmad RvTisa da qveynis wi-

naSe!

1. baTumis olqis mkvidrni (rusuli

terminebis araswori Targmanis gamo

aqac SecdomiT òlqia~ gamoyenebu-

li! wesiT, unda iyos `mxaris~ _ t.

f.), sarwmunoebiT muslmanebi, isto-

riiT, sisxliTa da xorciT, eniT, kul-

turiT da adaTebiT qarTvelebi varT,

muslimani qarTvelebi, da terito-

riulad da ekonomikurad yovelTvis

Cveni mxare, deda samSoblos _ saqa-

rTvelos ganuyofel nawils Sead-

genda.

2. baTomis olqis awindeli mdgo-

mareoba autanel pirobebSi ayenebs

mTel xalxs, arTmevs marTva-gam-

geobaSi monawileobis uflebas da

saSualebas, aZlierebs upasuxismge-

blo jgufebis politikur TareSs

da xels uwyobs mSvidobianobis da

keTilganwyobis damarRvevel ada-

mianTa borot ganzraxulobas. amis

gamo SeuZlebelia mSvidobiani gan-

viTareba.

3. baTomis olqis mkvidrTa politi-

kuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli

saWiroebani, agreTve amierkavkasiis

yvela eris interesi da urTierTSo-

ris keTilmezobluri ganwyobileba

da did saxelmfwifoTa Rirseba Tx-

oulobs, rom bolo moeRos olqis

dRevandel mdgomareobas. saxelm-

wifoebrivi wesiereba damyardes da

180 yrilobis monawile begebis zog xelmow-

eras Tan axlavs sagvareulo beWedi (zogi xelmowera

arabuli asoebiTaa. es dokumenti gaigzavna erTa li-

gaSi). dokumenti xelmowerebiTurT gamoqveynebulia

a. silagaZisa da v. gurulis mier wignSi: saqarTvelos

ganuyoflobisaTvis brZolis istoriidan. nakveTi I.

memed-beg abaZiZe. dokumentebi da masalebi. Tbilisi,

1996, gv. 33-37.

181 h p://blogger.ge/post/2022#sthash.5tOauGNP.dpuf

- 159 -


xalxma mSvidobiani keTildReobiT

cxovreba moipovos.

4. vinaidgan es SesaZlebelia mxolod

musliman qarTvelebis ganTavisu-

flebiT da saqarTvelos respub-

likasTan SeerTebiT, amitom gam-

ovsTqvamT Seuryevel nebisyofas da

mtkice gadawyvetilebas:

amieridan da samaradisod baTu-

mi da misi olqi SeuerTdes Tavis

bunebriv samSoblos _ saqarTvelos

respublikas samuslimano saqarTve-

los farTe avtonomiis niadagze da

am avtonomiis farglebSi erovnul

umciresobaT mieniWoT CvenTan Ta-

naswori politikuri da moqalaqeo-

brivi ufleba.

5. dadgenileba es ecnobos parizis sa-

zavo konferencias da eTxovos saqa-

rTvelos respublkikis mTavrobas,

miiRos yoveli zoma Cveni dadge-

nilebis gansaxorcieleblad182:

182 a. silagaZe, v. guruli, saqarTvelos ganyoflo-

bisaTvis brZolis istoriidan. nakveTi I. memed-beg aba-

SiZe. dokumentebi da masalebi. Tbilisi, 1996, gv. 33-37.

garkveulwilad saxecvlili es varianti gamoqveynebuli

aqvs g. kukulaZesac (damowmebulia: scssa, fondi 1861,

aRwera 2, saqme 42, furclebi 1-3); ix.: guguli kukulaZe.

saqarTvelos parlamentis roli qveynis teritoriuli

mTlianobis SenarCunebisTvis brZolis procesSi 1918-

1920 ww. (samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo); istoriis do-

qtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

disertacia, baTumi, 2016, gv. 69.

- 160 -


1919 wlis pirvel seqtembers baTumis

yrilobaze miRebul iqna meore dadgenile-

bac (1919 weli, 1 seqtemberi; samoqalaqo

ganaTlebis ganyofileba; sea. fondi 1833,

aRwera 1, saqme 191, furceli 186)183:

183 h p://www.nplg .gov.ge/gsdl/cg i -b in/ l ibrary.exe?e=d-01000-00---off-0cons te--00-1----0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-ka-50---20-about---00-3-1-00-

baTumis olqis musliman qarTvelTa

warmomadgenlebis yrilobam, romelic Ses-

dga qalaq baTumSi, qalaqis TviTmarTvelo-

bis SenobaSi, Tavis muSaobis meore dRes,

pirvel seqtembers 1919 w., miiRo Semdegi

dadgenileba:

0-0-11-1-0u Zz-8-00&a=d&c=cons te&cl=CL3.2&d=HASH-016c169ed77092ac1f09551b

- 161 -


1. samuslimano saqarTvelos deda-sam-

Soblo saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis farglebSi unda hya-

vdes Tavis avtonomiuri mTavroba.

2. samuslimano saqarTvelos sakanon-

deblo parlamenti unda hyavdes.

3. samuslimano saqarTvelos avtonomi-

uri mTavroba Sinagan saqmeebSi unda

iyos sruliad damoukidebeli. es

saqmeebia:

a/ sarwmunoebrivi saqme, b/ samo-

samarTlo, v/ saadministracio,

g/ samoswavlo, e/ sameurneo, savaW-

ro-samrewvelo da sxva ekonomiuri

saqmeebi da v/ sxva Sinauri saqmeebi.

4. samuslimano saqarTvelos avtono-

miuri mTavroba mTel saqarTvelos

mTavrobasTan erTad gansazRvrul

pirobebSi unda awarmoebdes Sem-

deg saqmeebs: samxedros, safinansos,

sagareos, fosta-telegrafs, rkinis

gzebs da sabaJos.

5. avtonomiur samuslimano saqarTve-

los ZiriTadi kanonebi SemuSavebu-

li unda iqnas mowveul damfuZnebel

krebis mier.

6. yriloba baTumis olqis mcxovrebTa

interesebis da uflebebis dasacve-

lad da agreTve olqis marTva-gamge-

obisaTvis irCevs 37 wevrisagan Semd-

gar mejliss.

7. mejliss ufleba eZleva miiRos saW-

iro RonisZiebani, raTa samuslimano

saqarTvelo farTe avtonomiurad

SeuerTdes saqarTvelos demokrati-

ul respublikas; amisaTvis mas eva-

leba aRZras Suamdgomloba samusli-

mano saqarTvelos farTe avtonomiis

damtkicebisaTvis rogorc saqarTve-

los respublikis, agreTve parizis

sazavo konferenciis winaSe.

8. mejliss evaleba aRZras Suamdgom-

loba inglisis mTavrobisa da mis

mokavSireTa winaSe: a/ raTa baTumis

olqis marTeblobis ufleba gadae-

ces TviT olqis mcxovreblebs, b/

moxdes saswrafo axali arCevnebi

qalaqis TviTmarTvelobisa, b/gadae-

ces fosta-telegrafi saqarTvelos

mTavrobas saerTo warmoebisaTvis

da d/ gadmotanil iqnas q. baTumSi

natanebis sabaJo agreTve saerTo

warmoebisaTvis.

yrilobis Tavmjdomare memed-beg abaSiZe

aSkaraa, rom yrilobis monawilesaTvis

mTeli `samuslimano saqarTvelo~ da `ba-

Tumis olqi~ sinonimebia.

1919 wlis pirvel seqtembersve saqarTve-

los mTavrobam daamowma orive dadgenileba

(amonaweri saqarTvelos respublikis mTav-

robis 1919 w. 1 enkenisTvis sxdomis oqmi-

dan. 1919 weli, 1 seqtemberi; samoqalaqo ga-

naTlebis ganyofileba. sea. f. 1833, aRwera

1, saqme 191, furceli 185)184

moismines:

moxseneba mTavrobis Tavmjdomari-

sa: baTomis olqis qarTvel musulmanebis

warmomadgenelTa yrilobis mier miRebuli

ori dadgenileba. (wardgenilni mTavrobaSi

delegaciis saSualebiT dasadastureblad).

daadgines:


likis mTavrobam moismina ra baTomis olq-

is qarTvel musulmanTa warmomadgenlebis

yrilobis mier a/w. 31 agvistos da 1 seqtem-

bers miRebuli rezoliuciebi, daadgina:

1. baTomis olqis qarTvel musulman-

Ta warmomadgenlebis yrilobis mier

1919 wels agvistos 31 miRebuli

dadgenileba dadasturebul iqmnas.

2. 1919 w. 1 seqtembris dadgenileba

miRebul iqmnas principialurad da

gadaeces damfuZnebel krebis sakon-

sititucio komisias dawvrilebiTi

ganxilvisaTvis.

xelmoweril dokumentebSic da dadge-

nilebebis proeqtebSic naTladaa naTqvami,

rom samuslimano saqarTvelos anu baTomis

184 h p://www.nplg .gov.ge/gsdl/cg i -b in/ l ibrary.exe?e=d-01000-00---off-0cons te--00-1----0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-ka-50---20-about---00-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0u Zz-8-00&a=d&c=cons te&cl=CL2.11&d=HASH0f7f-88be3e9ec9e17f4fd6

- 162 -


olqis (/mxaris) mosaxleobis delegatebi

iTxoven ara sakuTriv baTumis okrugis, anu

aWaris avtonomias, aramed mTliani samus-

limano saqarTvelos _ baTumisa da arTvinis

okrugebis avtonomias. es Txovna adekvatu-

ri da gauorebeli terminologiiT (aq ukve

aRar gamoiyeneba termini: òlqi~) aisaxa

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis mier

1921 wlis 21 Tebervals miRebul konsti-

tuciaSi, sadac aseTi Canaweria:

`Tavi 11. avtonomiuri mmarTveloba;

muxli 107: `saqarTvelos respublikis

ganuyofel nawilebs _ afxazeTs soxumis

olqi, samuslimano saqarTvelos (baTomis

mxare) da zaqaTalas zaqaTalis olqi, eniWe-

baT adgilobriv avtonomiuri mmarTveloba.

muxli 108. wina muxlSi moxsenebul

avtonomiur mmarTvelobaTa debulebani

SemuSavebel iqneba calke kanoniT~185.

amrigad, saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobis oficialur te-

qstebSi, 1921 wlis saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciasa da 1919 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi

Catarebuli muslimani qarTvelebis yrilo-

bis dadgenilebebSi avtonomiis konteqstiT

warmodgenilia erTnairi midgoma, rac ga-

moxatulia identuri terminologiiT186; es

aTvalsaCinoebs saqarTvelos maSindeli xe-

lisuflebisa da “samuslimano saqarTvelos

ganmaTavisuflebeli komitetis~ saerTo mi-

zans _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifos terito-

riuli mTlianobis aRdgenas; kerZod, orive

mxaris mizani iyo osmaleTis mier okupire-


samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli (1918-1921). 1990,

gv. 476.

186 faqtia isic, rom samxreT-dasavleT saqa-

rTvelos zerele codnis gamo istorikosebisa Tu

sazogado moRvaweebis didi nawili maSinac da dResac

saqarTvelos erTi patara kuTxis _ àWaris~ _ saxels

aigivebs mTlianad “samuslimano saqarTvelosTan~; ix.:

mag. noe Jordanias 1918 wlis 25 dekemberis mimarT-

vis teqsti: `mTavroba acxadebs, rom is samuslimano

saqarTvelos aZlevs avtonomias. TviTon aWaris war-

momadgenlebi gamoscemen kanonebs, romlebiTac Ta-

vianTi gemovnebiTa da sindisiT moawyoben Tavis cx-

ovrebas, mtkice kanonebiT uzrunvelyofen TavianTi

rwmenis uflebebs, moagvareben adgilobriv saqmeebs

da maT TavianT mSobliur mxareSi daamyareben bed-

nierebas“ (gazeTi èrToba“, 1919, №9).

buli mTeli samxreT-dasavleT saqarTve-

los (da ara _ mxolod aWaris!) SemoerTeba

dedasamSoblosTan. paralelurad, orive

mxares surda ruseTis imperiis mier dat-

erorebuli muslimani qarTvelebis ndobis

mopoveba da maTi integrireba qarTuleno-

van saxelmwifoSi.

Sdr.: sul sxva mizani, Sesabamisad, sul

sxva terminologia hqondaT bolSevikebs (mi-

zani uTuod apirobebs terminologiis Ser-

Cevas!):

bolSevikebma ugulebelyves rogorc


konstitucia, ise samuslimano saqarTve-

los warmomadgenelTa yrilobis dadge-

nilebebi; zogadad, qarTveli eris sasi-

cocxlo interesebs da 1921 wlis 16 marts

moskovSi ruseT-osmaleTis antiqarTuli

garigebiT gadainawiles saqarTvelos ter-

itoria187. agresorebma baTumi mis garSemo

arsebuli mcire teritoriT faqtobrivad

or imperias Soris gardamaval zonad ga-

moacxades (porto-frankod)188, romelic

sami Tvis Semdeg, 1921 wlis 16 ivliss e.

w. revkomis dekretiT `gaaformes~ àWaris

(/aWaristanis) avtonomiur respublikad~.

187 1821 wlis 16 marts ruseT-osmaleTis garige-

bis Sesaxeb araferi icodnen giorgi mazniaSvilma,

grigol lorTqifaniZem da sxva gmirma qarTvelebma,

romlebmac gmiruli brZoliT baTumi gaaTavisufles

Turqi askerebisagan.

188 Статья II: Турция соглашается уступить Грузии Суверенитет над портом и городом Батумом и территорией, лежащей к северу от границы, указанной в ст. I-й нынешнего договора и составляющей часть Батумского округа, при условии что:1) Население местностей, указанных в настоящей статье договора будет пользоваться широкой местной автономией в административном отношении обеспечивающей каждой общине будет предоставлена возможность установить земельный закон соответствующий его положениям.2) Турции будет предоставлен свободный транзит всяких товаров, отправляемых в Турцию или из нее через Батумский порт, беспошлинно, без учинения каких-либо задержек и без обложения их какими бы то ни было сборами, с предоставлением Турции прав пользоваться Батумским портом без взимания за то специальных сборов. h p://www.amsi.ge/istoria/sab/moskovi.html. interpretaciisaT-

vis ix.: aseve: o. gogoriSvili. baTumis olqi umZimes

1920-1921 wlebSi._ krebuli `samxreT-dasavleT saqa-

rTvelo mezobel saxelmwifoTa geopolitikuri in-

teresebis konteqstSi. 2009, gv. 239-240; h p://www.archives-ajara.gov.ge/text_files/en_file_170_1.pdf

- 163 -


aWaris avtonomiis Seqmnidan mxolod

3 Tvis Semdeg, 1921 wlis 13 oqtombers,

moewera xeli yarsis xelSekrulebas189. Se-

sabamisad, aralogikuria, aWaris avtonomi-

is safuZvlad yarsis xelSekruleba mi-

viCnioT190; Sdr.: yarsis xelSekruleba

xelmowerilia moskovis marioneti ara-

legtimuri revkomis warmomadgenlebis

mier da ukanonoa saqarTvelo kanonieri

xelisuflebis samarTlebrivi bazidan ga-

momdinare. droSi acdenac rom ar iyos,

ruseT-osmaleTis 16 martis antiqarTu-

li garigebas namdvilad ver `gaalegit-

imurebs~ yarsis xelSekrulebaze moskovis

mier amierkavkasiaSi daniSnuli marionet-

uli mTavrobebis (revkomebis) warmomad-

genelTa xelmowerebi191.

saqarTvelos interesebisa da baTumis

mxaris warmomadgenelTa 31 agvistos yri-

lobis dadgenilebis ignorirebiT, ruseTi-

sa da osmaleTis revoluciuri xelisufle-

189 ix. yarsis xelSekrulebis Sesabamisi punqti:

Статья 6: Турция соглашается уступить Грузии сюзеренитет над городом и портом Батум и территорией, лежащей к северу от границы, указанной в ст. 4 настоящего Договора и составляющей часть Батумского округа, при условии, что:1) население местностей, указанных в настоящей статье, бу-дет пользоваться широкой местной автономией в админи-стративном отношении, обеспечивающей каждой общине ее культурные и религиозные права, и население будет иметь возможность установить в указанных местностях земельный закон, соответствующий его пожеланиям;2) Турции будет обеспечен свободный транзит всяких това-ров, отправляемых в Турцию или из нее, через Батумский порт, беспошлинно, без учинения каких-либо задержек и без обложения их какими бы ни было сборами, с предоставле-нием Турции права пользоваться Батумским портом без взи-мания за то специальных сборов / h ps://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars/190 zogi dResac ulogikod cdilobs gaamarT-

los aWaris avtonomiis arseboba da aWaris avtonomiis

Seqmnis safuZvlad yarsis xelSekrulebas ulogikod

acxadebs; ix. mag., `ra uflebebi aqvs TurqeTs aWaris

avtonomiaze da ra ekonomikur upiratesobebs aZlevs

mas yarsis xelSekruleba~ h p://repor ori.ge/old/aww.ge/geworld.ge,?menuid=74&id=52557&lang=1 (27 ianvari, 2015.

12:45).

191 geopolitikur konteqstSi moskovisa da yar-

sis antiqarTuli xelSekrulebebis Sesaxeb msjelo-

bisaTvis vrclad ix.: t. futkaraZe. geopolitikuri

interesebis Sejaxeba amierkavkasiaSi: baTumi 1878,

1920, 1991, 2008; krebuli: `samxreT-dasavleT saqa-

rTvelo mezobel saxelmwifoTa geopolitikuri in-

teresebis konteqstSi~. 2009, gv. 111-136. h p://www.scribd.com/doc/3809567/batumi-geostrategia; h p://www.ar-chives-ajara.gov.ge/text_files/en_file_170_1.pdf

bebis 1921 wlis 16 martis garigebiT orad

gayofili amierkavkasiis ruka ase gamoi-

yureba:

dRes eWvi aRaravis ar unda eparebodes,

rom 1921 wlis martSi rogorc bolSevike-

bis, ise, qemalisturi TurqeTis mizani iyo

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ganadgureba da

qarTveli eris enobriv-eTnikur-religiuri

danawevreba. am konteqstSia gansaxilveli

orive mxaris mcdelobac, qarTvelobisagan

gaemijnaT aWaris mosaxleoba da SeeqmnaT

axali eTnikuri jgufi: àWarlebi~; amito-

mac qurTistanis, Turqistanis, lazistanis

da sxva msgavss terminTa analogiiT Seqmnes

yovlad ulogiko termini: aWaristani192.

postsabWoTa saqarTveloSic da me-

zobel saxelmwifoebSic dResac arian re-

ligiur grZnobebze orientirebuli radi-

kaluri jgufebi, romlebic xels uSlian,

rogorc qristian da musliman qarTvelTa

erTianobas, aseve, saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa

konsolidacias da cdiloben, gaamarTlon

saqarTvelos kanonieri xelisuflebebisa

da aWaris mosaxleobis nebis gareSe agre-

sorebisagan Seqmnili (/arsebuli) aWaris

avtonomia. es jgufebi (Tu maTi lobiste-

bi) cdiloben, danergon `SiSis sindromi~,

rom, TiTqosda, aWaris avtonomiis gauqme-

bis SemTxvevaSi Seilaxeba adgilobrivi mo-

saxleobis religiuri193 Tu ekonomikuri (/

biznes) interesebi. sinamdvileSi, Cemi dak-

virvebiT, saqarTveloSi qarTvelTa avtono-

mia ar emsaxureba arc aWaris mosaxleobis da

arc, zogadad, qarTveli eris interesebs194;

192 rogorc wesi, indoevropuli warmomav-

lobis -stan àdgili~ (h ps://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD) daerTvis eTnonims

da ara _ geografiul saxels; Sdr.: qurT-istan-i:

qurTebis adgili). aWarlebis, megrelebis, lazebis

svanebis calke eTnikur jgufebad gamocxadebaze i.

stalins mogvianebiT uari aTqmevina l. beriam gasu-

li saukunis 30-ian wlebSi (sakiTxis istoriis Sesaxeb

ix.: t. futkaraZe. qarTvelebi. 2005, gv. 43-44; t. fu-

tkaraZe, e. dadiani, r. Serozia. evropuli qartia re-

gionuli an umcireobis enis Sesaxeb da saqarTvelo.

quTaisi, 2010, gv. 29-48; t. futkaraZe. qarTvelologi-

is Sesavali. Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 27-33).

193 religiuri uflebebis dacvis perseqtivis

Sesaxeb ix.: qvemoT (gv. 17).

194 am Temaze vrclad sxvagan gvaqvs msjeloba;

- 164 -


metic: saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aR-

dgenis Semdeg saqarTveloSi qarTvelTa

avtonomia iuridiuli nonsensia.

aqve xazgasmiT aRvniSnav:

1991 wlis 31 martis referendumi-

sa da 9 aprilis damoukideblobis aqtis

gamocxadebis Semdeg iyo logikuri da

samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, aseve, aWaris

mosaxleobis realuri ganwyobac da mzaobac,

referendumis gziT gauqmebuliyo aWaris

ukanono avtonomiuri saxelmwifobrivi war-

monaqmni; kerZod:

a) 1990 wlis 28 oqtombers arCeuli

saqarTvelos kanonieri xelisflebis pir-

velma pirma, zviad gamsaxurdiam araerTxel

ganacxada:

`saqarTvelos respublika avtonomias

mtkice konstituciuri garantiiT aZlevs

afxaz xalxs, xolo aWaris avtonomiis

sakiTxi gadawydeba referendumiT~195. sain-

teresoa imis aRniSvnac, rom “saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis aqtis~ erT-erT proeq-

tze zviad gamsaxurdias xeliT Camatebulia

igive Sinaarsis teqsti196:

ix.: t. futkaraZe. „vis sWirdeba aWaris avtonomia“._

gazeTi „axalgazrda komunisti“, 1990 wlis 17 marti;

ix., aseve, wignSi: t. futkaraZe. afsirtedan gamsaxur-

diamde. Tbilisi, 1999, gv. 31-35.

195 saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabWos

Tavmjdomaris zviad gamsaxurdias gamosvla 9 aprils: h p://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/7924/1/Sakartvelos-Respublika_1991_N70.pdf. ix.: aseve, prezident zviad gamsaxurdias gamosvla

7 ivniss: gazeTi „saqarTvelos respublika“, |#114

(134), 1991, saqarTvelos respublikis prezidentis

zviad gamsaxurdias gamosvla saqarTvelos respub-

likis uzenaesi sabWos sesiaze 1991 wlis 7 ivniss //

saqarTvelos respublika. _ 1991. _ 11 ivnisi. _ № 114

(134). _ 1gv. h p://www.nplg.gov.ge/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.ex-e?e=d-01000-00---off-0preziden--00-1----0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-ka-50---20-about---00-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0ut-fZz-8-00&a=d&cl=CL4.12&d=HASH01b1e 69c3fceb644ebfcf2. ix., aseve: j. xecuriani. 9 aprilidan 9 aprilamde._

krebuli: `saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabWo

da 9 aprilis damoukideblobis aqti~; Tbilisi, 2016,

gv. 27-25; t. futkaraZe, saqarTvelos respublikis

uzenaesi sabWos orientirebi Tanamedrove geopoli-

tikur konteqstSi._ krebuli `saqarTvelos respub-

likis uzenaesi sabWo da 9 aprilis damoukideblobis

aqti~. Tbilisi, 2016, gv. 45-59.

196 krebuli `saqarTvelos respublikis uze-

naesi sabWo da 9 aprilis damoukideblobis aqti~,


b) saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi da-

moukideblobis aqtis gamocxadebidan ma-

leve, prezidentTan Cveni SeTanxmebis Sem-

deg, zemo aWaris (xulos, Suaxevisa da

qedis) raionebis prefeqtebma, batonebma:

beJan gobaZem, sandro beriZem da SoTa fut-

karaZem TavianTi raionebis soflebis yvela

sakrebuloSi Caatares sakrebulos depu-

tatTa sxdomebi da ganixiles referendumis

mizanSewonilobis sakiTxi. uklebliv yvela

soflis sakrebuloTa deputatebis absolu-

turma umravlesobam xelmowerebiT daadas-

tura moTxovna saqarTvelos respublikis

uzenaes sabWos winaSe, rom Catarebuliyo

referendumi aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis

mizniT197. referendumis Catarebis ideas

daupirispirda aWaris avtonomiuri res-

publikis uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomared

axaldaniSnuli aslan abaSiZe (romelmac

Tavidan zviad gamsaxurdias piroba mis-

ca, rom prefeqtebTan erTad organizebas

gauwevda referendumis Catarebas). aWaris

avtonomiis SesanarCuneblad aslan abaSiZem

dagegma Zaladobaze orientirebuli mitin-

gi 1991 wlis 22-23 aprils. me 22 aprilsve

wavedi TbilisSi, rom centraluri xeli-

suflebisaTvis realuri viTareba gamecno.

prezidentma saprezidento arCevnebamde

(arCevnebi daniSnuli iyo 1991 wlis 26 maiss)

Tavi Seikava aslan abaSiZis gadayenebisa-

gan da mTxova, dagvebalansebina viTareba.

me meore dResve, 23 aprils davbrundi ba-

TumSi. prefeqtebis mxridan konstruqciuli

poziciis miuxedavad, aslan abaSiZe mainc

aaqtiurebda misgan marTul mcirericxovan,

magram agresiul jgufs, ramdenadac aba-

SiZis mizani iyo Zalauflebis SenarCuneba

da gamyareba; es ki SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda

197 me, rogorc saqarTvelos respublikis uzen-

aesi sabWos wevri, 1991 wlis martidan viyavi qalaq

baTumis prefeqti; Sesabamisad, sakmarisi informa-

cia mqonda aWaraSi arsebul viTarebazec da sagareo

Tu saSinao safrTxeebzec. axlac, 26 wlis Semdeg,

vfiqrob, rom, rom ara aslan abaSiZis destruqciuli

qmedeba, 1991 wlis zafxulSi realuri SesaZlebloba

iyo, warmatebiT Catarebuliyo referendumi ukanon-

od Seqmnili aWaris avtonomiis mizanSeuwonlobis

Sesaxeb.

- 165 -


aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis gauqmebis

SemTxvevaSi. imxanad aslan abaSiZes aravi-

Tari avtoriteti ar hqonda xalxSi, Sesa-

bamisad, situaciis normalizacia SesaZle-

beli iyo. procesi CixSi Sevida 1991 wlis

30 aprils aslan abaSiZis kabinetSi nodar

imnaZis mkvlelobis gamo198... saprezidento

arCevnebis Semdeg prezidentma prefeqtebs

gvTxova, ukeTesi droisaTvis gadagvedo

referendumis Catareba da gveTanamSrom-

la aslan abaSiZesTan. me aslan abaSiZesTan

TanamSromlobaze uari vTqvi da 1991 wlis

ivnisSi Cemi nebiT uari vTqvi qalaq baTumis

prefeqtobazec. 1991 wlis ivnisidanve ba-

ton zviadis SemoTavazebiT, saqmianoba gava-

grZele saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi

sabWos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis komitetis

pasuxismgebeli mdivnis Tanamdebobaze.

prorusuli Zalebis destruqciuli

qmedebis gamo saqarTvelos erovnulma xe-

lisuflebam 1991 wels ver ganaxorciela

Tavisi gegmebi ara mxolod baTumis mxare-

Si, aramed, zogadad, saqarTveloSi. Cve-

ni marcxi didwilad ganapiroba maltaSi

ruseT-amerikis garigebamac, romlis Sede-

gadac gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Ses-

aZlebeli gaxda sabWoTa imperiis velidan

gasuliyvnen mxolod aRmosavleT evropisa

da baltiis saxelmwifoebi199.

dRes saqarTvelo ruseTTan saomar

situaciaSia, Sesabamisad, arc axla aris

sakmarisi winapirobebi, rom referendumis

wesiT gauqmdes imTaviTve ukanonod Seqmni-

198 informaciisaTvis ix.: `mkvleloba aslan aba-

SiZis kabinetSi~ h ps://lessonsgeo.wordpress.com/1991/05/01/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1/199 msjelobisaTvis ix.: t. futkaraZe. afsir-

tedan gamsaxurdiamde. Tbilisi, 1999; t. futkaraZe.

saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabWos orien-

tirebi Tanamedrove geopolitikur konteqstSi._

krebuli `saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabWo

da 9 aprilis damoukideblobis aqti~. Tbilisi, 2016,

gv. 45-59. dRes sxva realobaa; msoflioSi arsebu-

li amJamindeli geopolitikuri konfiguracia xel-

sayrel pirobebs qmnis, ganmtkicdes saqarTvelos da-

moukidebloba.

li es saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmni. Tum-

ca, kidev erTxel gavimeoreb, arc osmale-

Tis nangrevebze aRmocenebul TurqeTs da

arc ruseTs aranairi legitimuri ufleba

ara aqvT, Caerion aWaris avtonomiis bedis

gadawyvetaSi, ramdenadac aWaris avtonomi-

is safuZveli _ moskovis xelSekrule-

ba gaformda saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

monawileobis gareSe da yarsSi viTomda

`daadastures~ amierkavkasiaSi butafori-

ulad Seqmnilma `revkomebma~.

saqarTvelos arc erTi kanonieri xeli-

sufleba ar aris valdebuli, gaiTvaliswin-

os ukanono, miT umetes, saqarTvelosadmi

mtrulad ganwyobil mxareTa antiqarTuli

garigebis Sedegebi; saqarTvelos aranairi

legitimuri valdebuleba ara aqvs, Seinar-

Cunos ukanonod Seqmnili aWaris avtono-

miuri respublika, ramdenadac, kavkasiaze

kontrolis mosurne didi geopolitikuri

moTamaSeebis garigebiT, 1921 wels saqarT-

velo mravalmxrivad dazaralda.

saqarTveloSi qarTvelTa avtonomiis Se-

narCunebas saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ar

avaldebulebs arc erTi sxva saerTaSoriso

dokumenti, romelzec xeli mowerili aqvs

saqarTvelos kanonier xelisuflebas. Cemi

Rrma rwmeniT, es ulogiko avtonomia saqa-

rTvelos saxelmwifos gamowvevebis kon-

teqstSi arasodes Seasrulebs pozitiur

rols; mag., tyuilad hgonia vinmes, rom saqa-

rTveloSi qarTvelTa avtonomiis SenarCu-

neba xels Sewyobs afxazeTis avtonomiaze

kontrolis aRdgenas. saqarTvelos saxelm-

wifoebriv sivrceSi afxazeTis avtonomiuri

respublika Tu cxinvalis mxare usisxlod

da umtkivneulod dabrundeba mxolod saqa-

rTvelos sruli deokupaciis Semdeg.

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis dRes ar-

seboba ver gamarTldeba religiuri faqtori-

Tac: avtonomiis Seqmnis momentidan vidre

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenamde

(09. 04. 1991) aTeisturi bolSevikuri (/komu-

nisturi) xelisufleba, moskovisa Tu yarsis

xelSekrulebebiT aRebuli valdebulebis

sapirispirod, aviwroebda muslimanur re-

- 166 -


ligias (iseve, rogorc qristianobas), rasac

1923-1990 wlebSi egueboda TurqeTis xelisu-

flebac (ruseT-osmaleTisaTvis savaldebu-

lo xelSekrulebebis arsebobis miuxedavad!).

rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos kanonier xe-

lisuflebas ar daudia arc moskovisa da arc

yarsis xelSekrulebebi; Sesabamisad, saqarT-

velos legitimuri xelisufleba angariSval-

debuli ar aris arc erTi mezobeli saxelm-

wifos winaSe; rac mTavaria, damoukideblobis

aRdgenis Semdeg (09. 04. 1991) saqarTvelo-

Si saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviTaa

daculi yvela konfesiis warmomadgenelTa

ufleba. arsebiTia isic, rom bevri aWareli

daubrunda winaprebis rwmenas _ qristianobas;

Sesabamisad, aWaris adgilobrivi mosaxleo-

bis didi nawili isev qristiania. dRes aWara

aris msoflios unikalurad tolerantuli

sivrce, sadac mravali faqti gvaqvs, roca

erT ojaxad cxovroben qristiani da muslima-

ni pirebi. miuxedavad cakleuli radikaluri

jgufebis arsebobisa, Tanamedrove kvlevebi

adasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi maRalia sxva

religiis warmomadgenlebisadmi Semwynare-

bluri damokidebulebis procenti200.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, aralogi-

kuria, wina planze gamovitanoT religiis as-

peqtiT aWaris avtonomiis dacvis lozungi.

avtonomiis arseboba/ararseboba namdvilad

arafers ucvlis muslimanTa uflebebis

dacvis perspeqtivas, ramdenadac religiu-

ri uflebebis dacvis yvela berketi isedac

adgilobrivi (municipaluri) Tu saqarT-

velos centraluri xelisuflebis xelSia.

aqve aRvniSnav:

sxvadasxva geopolitikuri veqtoris

mqone gare Zalebisagan marTuli da, faqto-

brivad, mxolod finansuri interesebis mqone

calkeuli radikaluri jgufebi dResac

cdiloben, aWaraSi, zogadad saqarTveloSi,

daZabon situacia. aWaraSi (/saqarTveloSi)

destabilizacia mxolod saqarTvelos da-

200 specialuri kiTxvarebis safuZvelze war-

moebuli kvlevis Sedegebis cxrilisaTvis ix.: xatia

wiklauri. morwmuneebisa da aTeistebis Rirebuleba-

Ta kvleva saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, 2018, gv. 284-285.

moukideblobis mowinaaRmdege qveynebsa Tu

klanebs aZlevs xels.

dRes saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazoga-

doeba dainteresebulia, rom saqarTvelo-

Si iyos Rirseuli mSvidoba (da ara _ dam-

arcxebulis mSvidoba). 1991 wlis 9 aprilis

damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg aRiare-

buli saerTaSoriso sazRvrebis gaTvalis-

winebiT, TurqeTis misamarTiT saqarTvelos

mxridan teritoriuli pretenziebi dRis

wesrigSi ar dgas. Tanamedrove mocemulo-

biT, wesiT, amJamad TurqeTi saqarTvelos

strategiuli partnioria, ruseTi ki _ ok-

upanti: ruseTs saqarTvelos istoriuli

mxareebis _ afxazeTisa da cxinvalis mxaris

_ okupantad miiCnevs mTeli civilizebuli

msoflio; Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos amJamin-

deli prioritetia deokupacia _ saqarTve-

los teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena 1991

wlis sazRvrebis farglebSi. Tanamedrove

realobaSi TurqeTTan mimarTebiT mTavaria,

TurqeTSi moqceuli istoruli qarTuli

miwebis avtoqTon mcxovrebTac da muhajir

qarTvelTa STamomavlebsac hqondeT `re-

gionuli an umciresobis enebis Sesaxeb evro-

puli qartiiT~, gaeros ̀ erovnul, religiur

da enobriv umciresobaTa deklaraciiTa~ da

èrovnul umciresobaTa Sesaxeb evrosabWos

CarCo-konvenciiT~ gaTvaliswinebuli eno-

briv-kulturuli uflebebi.

25 Tebervali da 7 marti _ sazeimo dReebi Tu tragikuli dReebi?

1921 wlis 25 Tebervals bolSevikuri

ruseTis armiam daikava Tbilisi.

1921 wlis 7 marts aTaTurqis samxedro

SenaerTebma daikaves arTvini, 11 marts ki

_ baTumic. 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi de

iure da de faqto isev arsebobda saqarTve-

los kanonieri xelisufleba _ saqarTvelos

pirveli respublikis mTavroba. Sesabamisad,

rogorc 25 Tebervals, aseve, 7 marts mezo-

belma didma saxelmwifoebma arakanonierad

daikaves da Semdgom miierTes saqarTvelos

teritoria.

realuri istoriis miuxedavad 1922-

- 167 -


1990 wlebSi 25 Tebervals sabWoTa imperiaSi

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas azeimebdnen ro-

gorc revoluciis dRes _ menSevikebisagan

saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis dRes. es

iyo cinizmi: axalaRorZinebuli saqarTve-

los damoukidebeli saxelmwifos kanonieri

xelisuflebis damxobis dRes okupantebi

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas unaTlavdnen,

rogorc `sadResaswaulo dRes~.

saqarTvelos respublikis damoukide-

blobis aRdgenis Semdeg (1991 wlis 9 apri-

li) 25 Tebervali realuri istoriis gaT-

valiswinebiTaa saxeldebuli: 25 Tebervali

aris sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

okupaciisa da aneqsiis dRe.

7 marti TurqeTSi dRemde aRiniSneba

arTvinis ganTavisuflebis dRed: faqto-

brivad, dRemde arsebuli oficialuri

xelisuflebis kvalifikaciiT, TurqeT-

ma 1921 wlis 7 marts saqarTvelosagan

(mtrisagan!) gaaTavisufla arTvinis olqi.

7 marts iqaur qarTvelTa monawileobiT

dRemde imarTeba didi zeimi mTeli Turqe-

Tis masStabiT (gansakuTrebiT im qalaqeb-

Si, sadac eTnikuri qarTvelebi cxovro-

ben)201. sinamdvile sxvagvaria: 7 marts

TurqeTma saqarTvelos meored waarTva

saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoria _

baTumis olqis nawili da arTvinis olqi

(tao-klarjeTis didi nawili).

1991 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis aRdgenis gamocxadebis Sem-

deg mTelma msofliom saqarTvelo cno im

sazRvrebSi, romelic saqarTvelos hqonda

1991 wlis mdgomareobiT. saqarTvelosa da

TurqeTs Sorisac daido xelSekruleba; Se-

sabamisad, dRes TurqeTTan teritoriuli

pretenziebis dayeneba ver Tavsdeba saer-

TaSoriso samarTlebriv CarCoebSi; Tumca,

arc isaa mosawoni da keTilmezoblobis ga-

moxatuleba, rom 7 marts TurqeTi aRniS-

201 h p://www.08olay.com/7-mart-artvinin-dusman-is-galinden-kurtulusun-hikayesi.html (2017 wlis 6 martis mas-

alas vimowmebT 2018 wlis 1 marts);h ps://www.facebook.com/erolalkan.vaketli/posts/10156267634799170 suraTi ga-

moqveynebulia feisbuqis bevri momxmareblis mier (01.

03. 2018).

navs qarTvelebisagan arTvinis ganTavisu-

flebis dRed.

Cveni msjeloba ase SeiZleba SevajamoT:

mosaxleobis ganwyobisa da swori ori-

entirebis Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT

arsebiTia obieqturi kvlevebi da maT sa-

fuZvelze saskolo Tu sauniversiteto

saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmna. istoriuli re-

a lobis adekvaturad aRweriTa da swori

kva lifikaciiT xeli unda Seewyos mezobel

saxelmwifoTa mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas.

warmodgenil moxsenebaSi sainformacio

omis konteqtstSi ganvixileT is termi-

nologiuri uzustobebi, romelic gvaqvs is-

toriografiaSi baTumis mxarisa da baTumis

olqis, aseve, aWaris avtonomiis Seqmnis sa-

fuZvlebis gansazRvris mimarTulebiT; ker-

Zod:

1. baTumis mxaris Sesaxeb 1918-1921

wlebSi Seqmnili oficialur doku-

mentebSi aRreulia an mizanmimarTu-

ladaa gayalbebuli iseTi rusule-

novani da qarTulenovani terminebis

Sinaarsi, rogoricaa: `baTumis mx-

are~, Батумская область, Батумский округ, `baTumis olqi~, `samuslimano

saqarTvelo~, àWaris avtonomia~...

terminebis dazustebis SemTxvevaSi,

ueWveli gaxdeba, rom, erTi mxriv,

`samuslimano saqarTvelos ganmaT-

avisuflebeli komiteti~ da 1919

wlis agvisto-seqtembris qarTvel

muslimanTa yriloba, meore mxriv,

ki saqarTvelos demokratiuli re-

spublikis xelisufleba, ibrZod-

nen, rom samuslimano saqarTvelo,

anu, baTumis mxare _ baTumisa da

arTvinis olqebi _ aWara-qobuleTi,

maWaxela, livana, WaneTis (lazeTis)

nawili, SavSeT-imerxevi, taos didi

nawili _ saqarTvelos SemoerTeboda

avtonomiis formatiT. ̀ samuslimano

saqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebeli

komiteti~ da saqarTvelos demokra-

tiuli xelisuflebis xelisufleba

SeTanxmebulad moqmedebdnen.

- 168 -


2. saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi ruse-

Tis mier dasmulma bolSevikurma

xuntam ruseT-osmaleTis 1921 wlis

14 martis antiqarTuli garigebis sa-

fuZvelze (da ara mosaxleobis nebi-

sa Tu qarTveli eris interesebis

Sesabamisad!) saqarTvelos kuTvnili

teritoria, kerZod, baTumis mxaris

didi nawili gadasca osmaleTs; 16

ivliss ki Seqmna aWaris avtonomia,

rogorc or imperias Soris gardama-

vali zona; Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos

kanonier xelisuflebas arc erTi

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi doku-

menti ar avaldebulebs, SeinarCunos

saqarTveloSi eTnikur qarTvel-

Ta avtonomia. arsebiTia isic rom

aWaris avtonomiuri saxelmwifoe-

bri warmonaqmnis arseboba dRes ver

gamarTldeba religiuri faqtoriT.

3. 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals, axalaRor-

Zinebuli saqarTvelos damoukide-

beli saxelmwifos kanonieri xeli-

suflebis damxobis dRes, sabWoTa

okupantebi saqarTvelos mosaxleo-

bas azeimebdnen, rogorc ganTavisu-

flebis dRes. saqarTvelos respub-

likis damoukideblobis aRdgenis

Semdeg (1991 wlis 9 aprili) 25 Te-

bervali realuri istoriis gaT-

valiswinebiTaa saxeldebuli: 25 Te-

bervali aris sabWoTa ruseTis mier

saqarTvelos okupaciisa da aneqsiis

dRe. 7 marti TurqeTSi dRemde aRin-

iSneba arTvinis ganTavisuflebis

dRed; arada, 1921 wlis 7 marts bol-

Sevikur ruseTTan da TurqeTTan da-

marcxebuli saqarTvelos samxedro

SenaerTebi iZulebulni gaxdnen,

droebiT daetovebinaT saqarTvelos

istoriuli teritoria _ arTvinis

olqi: 1921 wels TurqeTma saqarT-

velos saxelmwifos meored waarTva

saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoria

_ arTvinis olqi (tao-klarjeTis

didi nawili), Sesabamisad, am dRis

sazeimod aRniSvna `mtrisagan gan-

Tavisuflebis~ dRis kvalifikaciiT,

rbilad rom vTqvaT, Crdils ayenebs

saqarTvelo-TurqeTis amJamindel

strategiul partniorobas.

4. 1991 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos damoukideblobis aR-

dgenis gamocxadebis Semdeg mTel-

ma msofliom saqarTvelo cno im

sazRvrebSi, romlebic saqarTvelos

hqonda 1991 wlis mdgomareobiT. saqa-

rTvelosa da TurqeTs Sorisac dai-

do xelSekruleba; Sesabamisad, dRes

TurqeTTan teritoriuli preten-

ziebis wamoyeneba ver Cajdeba saer-

TaSoriso samarTlebriv CarCoebSi;

ruseTi ki dRes okupanti saxelm-

wifoa, ramdenadac mas okupirebu-

li aqvs msoflios mier aRiarebuli

saqarTvelos teritoriis mexuTedi

_ afxazeTi da cxinvalis mxare.

5. saxelmwifoTa Soris xangrZlivad

normalizebuli urTierTobebis

CamoyalibebisaTvis gansakuTrebu-

li mniSvneloba aqvs humanitarul

mecnierebebSi obieqtur kvlevasa da

istoriuli movlenebis akademiur

kvalifikacias.

- 169 -


Tariel Putkaradze

Terminological Errors and Fraudulent Symbolic Dates

(Analysis of official documents concerning Batumi created in 1918-1921 in the context of news war)

Resume

In the official documents concerning Batumi created in 1918-1921, the Rus-sian-language and Georgian terms such as “Batumi side”, “Батумская область”, “Батумский округ”, “Batumi district”, “Muslim Georgia”, “Adjara Autonomies” are deliberately fabricated.

The essence of February 25 and March 7 was inten onally falsified by the Sovi-et Union or Turkey; In par cular: the Russian Communist Empire declared the date of the invasion of Georgia _ 25 February, 1921 _ the day of libera on of Georgia. The Turkish authori es did the same on March 7: On March 7, 1921 Georgian mil-itary units defeated by the Bolshevik Russians had to leave the historic territory of Georgia _ the Artvin district. The Turkish government celebrates March 7 as the day of Artvin libera on.

- 170 -

qarTuli mwerlobis klasikosi kon-

stantine gamsaxurdia, rogorc mwerali

da rogorc adamiani, gamoirCeoda pirdap-

irobiT, principulobiTa da SeuvalobiT.

pirovnebas xom swored is ganapirobebs,

ramdenad TavisTavadia misi msoflxedva,

cxovrebiseuli pozicia, xolo mwerlur da

moqalaqeobriv patiosnebas is ganapirobebs,

Tu ramdenad gulwrfelad warmoaCens igi am

Tavis pozicias, ramdenad principulia Ta-

visi mosazerebebis gadmocemisas. am mxriv

Cveni mwerali marTlac sanimuSoa dRevan-

deli mozardisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT, roca

saqme mis salocav xats, samSoblos, exeba.

magram mainc, roca bolSevikuri Zalau-

flebis zeobis xans, 1926-1929 wlebSi iw-

ereba moTxroba, romlis mTavari saTqmelia

is, Tu rogor Semodioda CvenSi sabWoTa xe-

lisufleba, `xalxTa bednierebis~ momtani

wyobileba, sinamdvileSi ki, ra sabediswero

rols asrulebda ara erTeulebis, aramed

sazogadod, adamianTa bed-iRbalze, ro-

gor aforiaqebda, angrevda da anadgureb-

da maT yofas, ojaxur simyudroves da ra

tkivilis fasad ujdebodaT adamianebs es

yovelive... cxadia, moqalaqeobriv gmirobas

utoldeba amgvar Temebze wera da fiqri.

savsebiT obieqturad SeniSnavs amasTan da-

kavSirebiT kritikosi nodar grigalaSvili

Tavis gamokvlevaSi, romelic did mwerals

eZRvneba: ̀ did niWs, did gabedulebas da ti-

tanur Sromas SeuZlia avadmdinari epoqis

sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT svla ise, rom

ufro didi kvali datovos STamomavlobi-

saTvis~202. amitomac Cven yuradRebas vamax-

vilebT konstantine gamsaxurdias mwerlur

202 nodar grigalaSvili. skolaSi Sesaswavli qa-

rTveli mwerlebi. Tbilisi, gv. .317.

irine tabataZeirine tabataZe

Tbilisis 180-e sajaro skolis qarTuli enisa

da literaturis maswavlebeli

`patara~ adamiani da misi didi tkivilebi(konstantine gamsaxurdias moTxroba `didi iosebi~)

epoqaluri gardatexebi da socialuri Zvrebi, adamianze xSirad waruSlel zegav-

lenas axdens, sul erTia, socialuri kibis romel safexurze dgas igi. es zegavlena

ara mxolod materialuri an ekonomikuri xasiaTisaa, aramed, da rac mTavaria, zneo-

brivi da fsiqologiuri, radgan yoveli met-naklebad mniSvnelovani Tu araarsebi-

Ti movlena adamianis SigniT ileqeba, swored es TvaliT uxilavi, saidumlo Sree-

bia arsebiTi da saintereso mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelsac saSualeba eZleva, Tvali

gaadevnos adamianis sulier feriscvalebas, misi sulis Sinagan moZraobas, raTa

ukeT SeigrZnos, ra rTuli gziT uvlia adamians, ramdeni gadautania, ra unaxavs da

ra ganucdia, sanam iseTad Camoyalibdeboda, rogoric mweralma gagvacno.

- 171 -

irine tabataZe irine tabataZe

gabedulebaze, `marTlis Tqmis~ wyurvilze.

man xom, rom ityvian, `cxel kvalze~ daafiq-

sira istoriuli movlenebi, lamis fo-

tografiuli sizustiT aRbeWda Tbilisis

quCebSi wiTelarmielTa gamoCenamde da ga-

moCenis momentSi datrialebuli movlenaTa

korianteli... mwerlobis amgvari istori-

uli rolis Sesaxeb samarTlianad SeniSnavda

kritikosi akaki baqraZe: `qarTvelma xalxma

sityvakazmul mwerlobas gansakuTrebuli

misia daakisra. igi eris winamZRolad aRiara.

es ganapiroba qarTveli xalxis istoriulma

cxovrebam~203. sxvaTa Soris, am istoriuli

misiis xorcSesxmas emsaxureba cnobili cis-

feryanwelis kolau nadiraZis leqsi `25 Te-

bervali, 1921 w.~, romelic win uZRvis kon-

stantine gamsaxurdias moTxrobas204. leqsi

TbilisSi wiTlebis Semosvlas eZRvneba da

masSic, iseve, rogorc moTxrobaSi, mravali

istoriuli realiaa gacocxlebuli:

`Tovda da Tbiliss ebura Talxi,

dumda sioni da dumda xalxi.

ZilRviZrad iyo qalaqi Cemi,

saSinelebas kvlav sWedda grdemli _

isev golgoTa, sisxli da cremli!

mSobelo dedav, isev gagyides,

isev wamebis jvari agkides,

ar Segibrales, kvlav ar dagindes!~

rogorc vxedavT, nawyvetSi leqsis pa-

Tosi sruliad naTlad aris gamoxatuli

da es aris protesti axali, Zaladobrivad

mosuli xelisuflebis mimarT. aSkaraa, rom

xelovanTa damokidebuleba istoriuli mov-

lenisadmi sruliad gansxvavebulia imisgan,

risi mosmenac xelisufalT swyurodaT, _qa-

rTvelobam sixaruliTa da aRfrTovanebiT

ar miiRo ruseTis wiTeli xelisufleba! ra

didi gabeduleba unda hqonoda mwerals(po-

ets), rogori maRali unda yofiliyo mas-

Si gancda sakuTari daniSnulebisa, rom ase

xmamaRla da garkveviT eTqva mkiTxvelisaT-

vis sakuTari saTqmeli...

203 აkaki baqraZe. mwerlobis moTviniereba.


204 kolau nadiraZe. ̀ 25 Tebervali, 1921 w.~. avtor-

Ta koleqtivi. IX klasis saxelmZRvanelo. gv. 301.

swored ase esmis mwerlobis istori-

uli misia konstantine gamsaxurdias, roca

miznad isaxavs Tavis `did iosebSi~ iseTi

faqizi Temis xorcSesxmas, rogoric aris

adamianTa bediswera socialuri gardatex-

ebis epoqaSi.

moTxroba mecxre klasSi iswavleba.

asakobriv-fsiqologiuri barieri am sir-

Tulis moTxrobis daZlevisaTvis savsebiT

misaRebia, Tematur-ideuri da mxatvruli

Taviseburebebis gamokveTa ki, maswavleblis

swori gzamkvleobis SemTxvevaSi, _ sruli-

ad daZlevadi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra

moTxovnebia wayenebuli mecxreklaselis

saazrovno donis warmosaCenad da gansavi-

Tareblad, moTxroba ara marto socialuri

TvalsazrisiT imsaxurebs Cvens yuradRebas,

aramed, rogorc moswavleTa gonebriv-in-

teleqtualuri zrdis kargi saSualeba. am

mxriv moTxroba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

standartis zogierT moTxovnas srulad ak-

mayofilebs: qarT. IX. 3 moswavles SeuZlia

msjeloba gansxvavebuli teqstebis enobriv

Taviseburebebze. qarT. IX. 6. moswavles

SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze

sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxat-

vruli da aramxatvzruli teqstebis gaaz-

reba-gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuYTari

damokidebulebis gamoxatva. qarT. IX. 1.

moswavles SeuZlia moisminos da audito-

riis winaSe warmoadginos sxvadasxva Tval-

sazrisi sadavo an problemur sakiTxze.

qarT. IX. 2. moswavles SeuZlia diskursiis

monawileTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefase-

ba sakomunikacio amocanisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT205. am moTxovnebs moTxro-

ba sruliad akmayofilebs, metic ,mSvenier

sulier-gonebriv sazrdos aZlevs mas, vinc

moindomebs, lev tolstoisa ar iyos, SeZlos

àzrovneba guliT~, anu moindomebs gaisig-

rZeganos movlenaTa tragikuli msvleloba

da maTi gavlena adamianTa bedisweraze.

XX saukunis damdegis qarTuli lit-

eraturis erTi gamorCeuli Tviseba misi

205 h p://ncp.ge/fi les/ESG/2011-2016/qartuli%20ena%20da%20literatura.pdf.

- 172 -


mravalferovneba da Tematuri siWrelea.

saintereso da axali Tema e. w. `patara ada-

mianis~ problemaa, romelmac XX saukunis

pirveli ocwleulis Cveni mwerlebis yur-

adReba da didi daintereseba gamoiwvia. k.

gamsaxurdias `didi iosebi~ erT-erTi, ro-

gorc ityvian, mwerluri gamarjvebaa am

Temaze Seqmnil teqstebs Soris.

ukve aRvniSneT, Tu ramdenad mwvave is-

toriuli sinamdvile airCia mweralma fon-

ad Tavisi personaJis sulieri da xorcieli

cxovrebis warmoCenisaTvis. amitom moTx-

robis Seswavlac swored istoriul mov-

lenaTa Sexseneba-gacnobiT unda daiwyos.

saxelmZRvanelo amis karg saSualebas iZle-

va, radgan moTxroba Tematurad moTavse-

bulia TavSi, romelsac `literatura da

istoria~ hqvia206. imisaTvis, rom moswavles

sakmaod vrceli moTxrobis Seswavla da an-

alizi ar gauWirdes, winaswar gamovkveTT

ramdenime aspeqts, romlebic aucileblad

migvaCnia moTxrobis pirvelgacnobis etapis

daZlevisaTvis:

1. Sesavali _ istoriuli eqskursi XX

saukunis damdegis saqarTveloSi;

2. moTxrobis Tematuri mravalferov-

nebis warmoCena Sesaval minileqcia-

Si;

3. istoriuli movlenebi da adamianebi;

4. pirovnebis sulieri gradacia_ didi

iosebis sulier-zneobrivi cvlile-

bebi misi cxovrebis kvaldakval;

5. moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli da

amisTvis saWiro mxatvruli aqsesu-

ari.

saTauri yoveli nawarmoebis `savizito

baraTia~. raki moTxrobis saTaurad `didi

iosebi~ aurCevia avtors, ginda_arginda,

bibliur marTal iosebTan mihyavxar fiqrs.

pirveli emociuri damokidebuleba mkiTx-

vels swored aq uCndeba, roca aRmoCndeba,

rom mTavari gmiri erTi mekurtne raWvelia,

206 vaxtang rodonaia, avTandil arabuli, nino na-

kudaSvili, marine xuciSvili. qarTuli ena da liter-

atura. 9. Tbilisi, 2012, gv. 306-334. (statiaSi gamoy-

enebuli nawyvetebi moTxrobis am gamocemidan iqneba

citirebuli).

romelsac ase Tavisi fizikuri sididis gamo

eZaxian da meti araferi! aq moulodnelobis

efeqti mkiTxvelze aSkarad imoqmedebs da

moswavlis provocirebisTvis pirveli nabi-

jic gadadgmulia.

meore nabiji moTxrobis istoriuli as-

peqtia. meti dokumentalizmisaTvis avtori

moTxrobas konkretul TariRs usvams: moq-

medeba 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals iwyeba.. ro-

gor egebebian Tbiliselebi am dRes (Rames)?

irgvliv qaosi, gaurkvevloba, SiSi gamefe-

bula: `damfrTxali moqalaqeni saSineli

ambebis molodinSi iyvnen~; àiyarnen, nayar

futkarsaviT azuzundnen, aborgdnen, azva-

vdnen; erTi nawili qalaqidan gaixizna Tavi-

si bargiT, nawilic mousvenrad quCebSi daw-

rialebda~; `garbodnen bargiT datvirTuli

Jokeiani, bluziani moqalaqeebi, mihqrodnen

etlebi, zuzunebda moedanze mdgari brbo

(...) yayanebda, rogorc pilates momlodine

ebraeloba did paraskevs~._ ai, aseTi `dra-

matuli qaosi~ uZRvis win bolSevikuri Za-

lebis TbilisSi Semosvlas da, Sesabamisad,

axali formaciis Seqmnas, romelic Tavisi

gaurkvevlobiT, ucxoobiT aSinebs rigiT

moqalaqes, aforiaqebs qalaqis yoveldRi-

urobas.

gasagebia, rom saxelmwifoebrivi mniS-

vnelobis istoriuli movlena roca xdeba,

aq konkretuli adamianuri tkivilebi da

gancdebi angariSSi Casagdebi ar aris, arc

aravin aniWebs amas raime mniSvnelobas...

garda mwerlisa. mwerali is adamiania, visT-

visac swored adamiania Zvirfasi yovelTvis,

yovelgvar situaciaSi. sxvaTa Soris, CvenT-

vissaintereso movlenebze araCveulebrivad

zusti da saintereso mignebebi aqvs mweral

nodar grigalaSvils zemoT dasaxelebul

naSromSi: `pirovneba SeiZleba iyos zneo-

brivi an uzneo, samarTliani an usamarTlo.

saxelmwifo ar SeiZleba iyos zneobrivi an

uzneo, igi mxolod samarTliania an us-

amarTlo da, roca Cven xSirad saxelmwifos

zneobaze vlaparakobT, meqanikurad tolo-

bis niSans vsvamT samarTlianobasa da zneo-

bas Soris.

- 173 -


is, rac uzneobad iTvleba pirovnebi-

saTvis, SeiZleba samarTlianad CaiTvalos

saxelmwifosaTvis. magaliTisaTvis, kacis

mier kacis mokvdineba yvelaze saSineli

codvaa, maSin, roca imave aqts saxelm-

wifo samarTlianobis saxeliT sCadis~207.

im rTul epoqaSi, romelsac acocxlebs

mwerali konstantine gamsaxurdia Tavis

moTxrobaSi, erTmaneTSia areuli yvela

adamianuri Rirebuleba, samarTlianoba da

usamarTloba, zneoba da uzneoba. swored

amas usvams xazs mwerali, roca Tbilisuri

qaosis suraTs ase monumenturad da mxat-

vruli efeqtiT xatavs.

adamiani, romlis irgvlivac movlenebi

viTardeba, e. w. ̀ fskeris~ adamiani~ gaxlavT,

mekurtne iosebi. moTxrobis SesavalSi is

erTi dabneuli, uiniciativo kacia, sayov-

elTao qaosis mxolod gverdidan macqera-

li, xan romel jgufs aetuzeba, iqneb rame

gaarkvios, da xan romels, aTas Wor-mar-

Tals ismens, ai, Tundac aseTs: `gaiqca da

mere rogor! aba, ra egona mag nacarqeqias208,

bagrationTa gvirgvini arc ise ioli satare-

belia!~ an kidev: `_generali m...209 moixsna?

_moixsna. im mxareze gvardielebma mTlad

gaaSiSvles fronti~. amgavri `Wor-mar-

Tlis~ burusiTaa moculi erT-erTi perso-

naJis naambobic: `Cems Tvalwin sanitarul

etls daeca yumbara da Tvrameti wlis qa-

lwuli210, SroSaniviT nazi arseba, WianWvel-

asac rom ar gasresda fexiT, aitaca aseTma

yumbaram da im adgilze mxolod adamianis

sxeulis naglejebi vipoveT merme~. amgvari

tragikulobisa da gaurkvevlobis situa-

cia sruliad damaxasiaTebelia politikuri

207 nodar grigalaSvili. skolaSi Sesaswavli qa-

rTveli mwerlebi. Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 363.

208 igulisxmeba noe Jordania (1868-1953), saqa-

rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis Tav-

mjdomare (avtorTa koleqtivis SeniSvna).

209 igulisxmeba generali giorgi mazniaSvili,

romelic foniWalis raions icavda somxeTidan SemoW-

rili rusuli bolSevikuri XI armiis nawilebisagan

(avtorTa koleqtivis SeniSvna).

210 igulisxmeba maro mayaSvili, 19 wlis mowy-

alebis da, romelic Tbilisis misadgomebTan daiRupa

ruseTis XI armiasTan brZolis dros (avtorTa kole-

qtivis SeniSvna).

cvlilebebis xanisaTvis, amitomac veTanx-

mebiT mweral oTar WilaZes, rom mwer loba

politikur cxovrebaSi ar ereva (ar unda

ereodes)211, magram isic WeSmaritebaa, rom

cxovreba `politikasTan pirdapiraa dakav-

Sirebuli~. xolo Tu mwerloba Tavis mTa-

var miznad cxovrebiseuli av-kargis asaxvas

miiCnevs, cxadia, is verafriT ver dadgeba

Sors im movlenebisagan, romlebmac ada-

mianTa cxovrebasa da yofaze sabediswero

gavlena unda moaxdinon. ai, ase, sruliad

moulodnelad da SeumCnevlad SeiZleba aR-

moCndes CaTreuli movlenaTa epicentrSi

iseTi sruliad apolitikuri da, SeiZleba

iTqvas, asocialuri adamianic ki, rogoric

didi iosebia.

didi iosebi erTi uRimRamo adamiania,

mwerali gviyveba, rom imdenad uiniciativo

adamiani yofila, raWidan ZmisSvilebma ga-

moaZeves, memkvidreobad araferi argunes.

ase aRmoCnda igi TbilisSi, aRmnoCnda, mis-

da sdamwuxarod, epoqaluri qariSxlebis

dros. marTalia, mas sruliad ar exeba is

aJiotaJi, sayovelTao daZabuloba, romel-

ic qalaqSi gamefebula, radgan `dasakargavi

araferi gaaCnda~, magram movlenaTa epicen-

trSi moqceuli xom afiqsirebs `Tmagawewi-

li, namtiralevi qalebi~ rogor cdilo-

ben gadaarCinon ojaxis qoneba, damalon,

gagzavnon, Tan waiRon... xedavs didi iose-

bi, ojaxis diasaxlisi rogor àlagebda,

stenida, zogs isev iRebda, ganze awyob-

da~... aseT viTarebaSi gana SeiZleba adami-

ani gulgrili darCe Tundac sruliad ucxo

adamianebis bedis mimarT? da didi iosebic

aRmoCnda aseT aristokratul ojaxSi, ro-

melic iZulebulia gaecalos Tavisi saxlis

kedlebs, gaaRwios samSvidobos da amitom

cdilobs, Tan waiRos, risi waRebac SeuZlia,

servizia Tu oqrouli, tansacmeli TubavS-

vis saTamaSo... mekurtne iosebi, maT dasax-

mareblad quCidan Semoyvanili, marTalia,

sruliadac ar ganekuTvneba maT socialur

211 oTar WilaZe. win maradisobaa! Tbilisi,

2005, gv. 67.

- 174 -


fenas da amdenad, bolSevikuri ideologiis

mixedviT, mtruli ganwyoba unda hqondes am

mdidrebisadmi, magram mwerali garkveviT,

erTmniSvnelovnad aRniSnavs im adamianuri

TanagrZnobis Sesaxeb, romelsac moucavs

mekurtnis guli am daZabulobis macqerals:

`muSa iosebi am budeaforiaqebuli xalx-

is sibralulma moicva~. rogor SeiZleba

waikiTxo moTxrobis es monakveTebi da Tana-

grZnobiT ar ganimsWvalo im sazogadoebis

mimarT, romelic Tavisdauneburad msxver-

pli aRmoCnda politikuri TamaSebisa, mos-

wavlesac uTuod unda mivaniSnoT mwerlis

humanisturi ganwyobis gamomxatvel fra-

zebsa da monakveTebze.

da ai, weRandeli mekurtnis xelSi am

wuTidan àrzmanebuli simdidre~ gadadis,

yvelaferi is, risi waRebac ojaxma ver Se-

Zlo, axla misi aRmoCnda. konstantine gam-

saxurdia didi mxatvruli damajereblobiT

aRwers adamianis sulis faruli moZraobis

yovel niuanss, imas, Tu rogor miiRo ioseb-

ma es axali realoba, rogor gaiTavisa da

moergo Tavis axal rols, axal statuss.

jer erTi, usaTuod unda gamaxvildes yur-

adReba imaze, rom quCidan Semosuli iosebi,

xedavs ra am sayovelTao foriaqs, qaoss, in-

arCunebs bibliur simSvides da amiT TiTqos

erTgvarad amSvidebs kidec sxvas, imas, vi-

sac èxarbeboda gulis siRrmeSi mekurtnis

uebari sidarbaisle~. rac mTavaria, mwer-

ali xazs usvams Tavisi gmiris Sinagan pa-

tiosnebas, SesaSur TavdaWerilobas: `sax-

lis patrons erTxelac ar SeuniSnavs, rom

mekurtnes romelime nivTisaTvis Tvali

gaeyolebina Surisagan areuli, sCanda, uc-

nobi iyo misTvis yovelive Tvalboroteba~.

cxadia, es didi Rirsebaa adamianisa, radgan

sxvaa, roca ar gaqvs da sjerdebi Sens uqon-

lobas, magram roca uecrad aRmoCndebi am

uzarmazari simdidris winaSe da mainc in-

diferentuli rCebi, es mekurtnisaTvis nam-

dvilad Rirsebad unda miviCnioT.

didi iosebis cxovrebis axali etapi

mitovebuli binis gacnoba-daTvalierebaa.

igi TandaTan Sedis am, misTvis aqamde uc-

nob samyaroSi, romelsac nivTebis meSveo-

biT unda gaecnos. marTlac, iosebi mxolod

ecnoba aqaurobas, misTvis Sinagani barieri

jer ar gadarRveula, rac Tundac iqidanac

naTelia, rom mTeli dRis uWmeli, xedavs

ra gaSlil sufras, ver ekareba mas: ìoseb-

ma dahxeda saWmels, magram moekrZala naox-

aris Wamas~. ai, amgavri sulieri aristokra-

tizmi gamoavlina k.gamsaxurdias personaJma

socialuri ryevis, ufro sworad, ngrevis

epoqaSi, riTac mweralma swored imas gaus-

va xazi, rom dabali fenis warmomadgeneli

SeiZleba sulierad sulac ar iyos dabali.

jerjerobiT, yovel SemTxvevaSi, didi iose-

bi inarCunebs sulier simSvides da cdunebis

codvas ar emorCileba. ra Tqma unda, gve-

smis, rom es viTareba sayovelTao ar aris,

piriqiT, mwerali didi damajereblobiT

aRwers, ra xdeboda imRamindeli Tbilisis

quCebSi, rom òqromWedlis maRazias mosax-

vevSi amtvrevda gaxulignebuli brbo~; rom

ìm Rames dahkles viRac garewrebma sasaxlis

baRSi ukanaskneli romantiuli gedi~; gana-

CeniviT ismis moTxrobaSi aseTi Semzaravi

fraza: viRac moxuci qali ìjda da stiro-

da Cumad, adgilis dedas miagavda, sakuTari

Svilebis mier gaZarcvulsa da yelgamoW-

rils~. rogor ar aRviqvaT es yoveli mwer-

lis Sinagan protestad im xelisufelbis

mimarT, romlis mosvlamac gamoiwvia es qa-

osi da ganukiTxaoba! Tundac momavali say-

ovelTao bednierebisa da samarTlianobis

saxeliT, SeiZleba ase dasce sazogadoeba

da amdeni tkivili miayeno mas?!

am fonze ramdenad Zvirfas, Rirseul

adamianad unda miviCnioT didi iosebi, ro-

melic, rogorc aRvniSneT, am etapze inar-

Cunebs sulier Rirsebas, ar iqceva ubralo

mZarcvelad, sxvisi ubedurebiT ar sarge-

blobs da imas, rac mas ar Seuqmnia, arc

exarbeba.

axali etapi didi iosebis sulieri

gardaqmnisa iwyeba maSin, roca sadguris

quCidan, ìm aurzaurisa da ganukiTxavi

Zaladobisagan~, romelic `garTxmuliyo

qalaqze~, TiTqos `Sin~ `Semoriyuli~ me-

- 175 -


kurtne uecari aRmoCenas akeTebs: ùpa-

trono bina unda miesakuTrebina~. mwerali

damajereblad gvixatavs, ra mohyva am gad-

awyvetilebas: ùcnaurma sixarulma aanTo

misi mimqrali sulis odnav mbJutavi pa-

truqi~. maSinve adamianis tvinSi Cndeba mom-

devno moqmedebis gegma, damyarebuli pir-

vel arazneobriv qmedebaze: `dReidan mis

cxovrebas axali mimarTuleba unda mieRo.

am satiale kurtans Tavidan moicilebda,

binas gaaqiravebda, marto aveji rom gaey-

ida, ramdenime wels esec eyofoda~. ai, ase

nel-nela da Tavisda uneburadac ki me-

kurtne iosebi eufleba im qonebas, romel-

ic arasodes yofila misi da romelic brma

bedisweris wyalobiT axla mas ekuTvnis:

`kedlis saaTebi, samzareulos WurWeli, ga-

nier CarCoebSi Casmuli suraTebi, xaverdis

portierebi, karadebi, magidebi~... personaJ-

Si iwyeba Rrma sulieri gradacia, romelic

sadamde miiyvans mas, jer ucnobia.

albaT mkiTxvels (moswavles) daebade-

ba aseTi kiTxva: ki, magram, vTqvaT, iosebma

uari Tqva bedis mier SemoCeCebul am sim-

didreze. ramdenad damajerebeli iqneba es

altruizmi ubralo mokvdavis mxridan? ase

rom waeyvana mwerals Txroba, rom amjera-

dac iosebs Seekavebina Tavi sxvisi simdid-

risagan, iqneboda Tu ara mwerali marTali,

Tu adamianis bunebaa aseTi, is moiTxovs,

miiRos miwieri sikeTe maSin, roca mas

sTavazobs bediswera da ar eurCos mas? amg-

vari dilemisagan albaT isev mweralma unda

ixsnas mkiTxveli, mas unda mivendoT, miT

ufro, rom moTxrobis mTavar saTqmelamde

swored movlenaTa amgvarma ganviTarebam

unda migviyvanos.

cxovrebis axali etapi, bunebrivia, ax-

ali fsiqologiuri StrixebiT unda aRibe-

Wdos. marTlac, mwerali xazs usvams per-

sonaJis sulier gradacias: iosebis sulze

gabatonebuli sagnebi jadosnurad moqmede-

ben: `beber muxas rom gazafxulze mwvane

ylortebi gamouva, ase apirebda ukanask-

nelad ayvavebas didi iosebis mWknari cx-

ovreba~. da Cveni iosebic `meojaxeobs~:

àveji mialaga. darCenili sufris safenebi

magidebze gadaafara. samzareuloSic wesri-

gi daamyara~. ase ibudebs adamianSi misTvis

aqamde sruliad ucxo _mesakuTris fsiqo-

logia, romelic karnaxobs mas, mouaros, up-

atronos aw ukve ̀ Tavis~ qonebas. am sulieri

gardaqmnis vizualuri gamoxatuleba, metic

misi mwvervali iyo karadaSi napovni Zveli

patronis Coxa-axaloxi, romelic iosebma

Tavidan, ubralod, moirgo: `moizmana Coxa.

Tavze qarvisferi boxoxi daixura. (...) riT

ar hgavda mixakisfer CoxaSi gamowyobili

didi iosebi mamamisis mebatones _ ros-

tom wereTels. masac swored aseTi Coxa

ecva~. Tavdajerebulobisa da TviTkmayo-

filebis gamomxatvelia mwerilis morigi

fraza: `mTeli saaTebi trialebda sarkis

win~. da ai, Sedegic: àm batonurma darba-

zebma, am saucxovo avejma, brWyviala lius-

trebma, xaverdis portierebma, aznaurulma

Coxa-axaloxma, monadire ZaRlma, auarebe-

li simdidris dauflebam didi iosebi wam-

ierad gardaqmna~. ase, wamierad, gardaiqmna

gamrje mekurtne... raWvel mebatoned! ra

saintereso mignebaa: k. gamsaxurdia glex-

uri fsiqologiis am Strixs SesaniSnavad

warmoaCens: mdabiosaTvis misi ocnebis zR-

vari, fantaziis mwvervali Tavisi batonia!

gamodis, rom xelisufleba, romelic Tav-

is mowodebas imaSi xedavs, rom `mSromeli

masa~ mebatonis fizikuri da moraluri ze-

wolisagan ixsnas, Tavad uwyobs xels imas,

rom igi (`masa~) pirvelsave SesaZleblobis

SemTxvevaSi mas (mebatones) daemsgavsos!

aqve ar SeiZleba uyuradRebod davto-

voT erTi detali: mekurtne iosebis gareg-

nuli gardaqmna mxolod saxlSi, ase vTqvaT,

sarkeebis win xdeba. Tavad gvixsnis mwerali

amgvari mdgomareobis Sinagan meqanizms: `sa-

ocar ormag cxovrebas eweoda didi iosebi~.

es òrmagi cxovreba~ mweralma ase dagvix-

ata: quCaSi iosebi isev mekurtned Cacmuli

dadis, xolo Sin, axal sacxovrisSi, `rostom

wereTlad~ iqceva. am gaorebas SedarebiT ad-

vili axsna aqvs: `quCaSi ver bedavda baton-

uri Coxa-axaloxiT gamosvlas~. maSasadame,

- 176 -


iosebi jer kidev uxerxulad grZnobs Tavs

axal ampluaSi, mTlad ver gauTavisebia igi.

magram mwerali xazgasmiT migvaniSnebs, rom

Sinagani gardaqmna ukve dawyebulia, sulieri

barieri ukve gadarRveulia. roca moxucma

Ciqilianma qalma bargis gadazidvaSi dax-

mareba cota uxeSad sTxova (èi, muSa, gviS-

vele bargis gadazidvaze~)“, didma iosebma

odnav iTakila aseTi momarTva, erTi nabiji

ukan gadasdga. `me muSa aRara var~. wailuR-

luRa~. ase dasrulda `fskeris adamian-

is~ Sinagani transformaciis procesi: man

xmamaRla gamoxata protesti Tavisi social-

uri statusis mimarT!

konstantine gamsaxurdia msuyed, dam-

ajereblad aRwers, rogori gavlena iqo-

nia `Ciqiliani dedakacis~ mimarTvam mis

gmirze, rogor dausva wertili misi cx-

ovrebis Zvel periods da dasabami misca

axals, xolo sazogaadoebrivi masStabiT

am procesis Sinagani meqanizmis gadmocemas

erTgvari ironiuli fraziT aRwevs: ̀ aki am-

bobdnen: Tavadebi gaglexdebian da glexebi

gaTavaddebiano~. iosebi Tvlis, rom is, da

albaT sxva yvela misnairic, am procesis

monawileni arian.

ra Tqma unda, vxvdebiT, rom didi iose-

bi sruliad moumzadebeli Sexvda cxovre-

bis amgvar gardaqmnas, misTvis sruliad

moulodneli iyo `waRma-ukuRma motriale~

bedis amgvari Semobruneba. magram ra gavle-

nas axdens es yovelive mis amJamindel yo-

faze? ra cvlilebebs iwvevs axali social-

uri statusi martokacSi? mwerali, cxadia,

am kiTxvebs gverds ar uvlis, piriqiT,

swored amaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. pir-

vel rigSi, didi iosebi, raki mekurtneobas

Tavs anebebs, Tavis rCenis wyaros eZebs da

poulobs kidec: ìswavla iosebma sakomis-

io maRaziisa da `dezertirkis~ gzebi. xan

erT nivTs gamoiCrida iRliaSi, xan _ meo-

res. yidda, agiravdebda~. ai, ase iqca kurt-

nis TreviT dauyvedrebeli lukmis mWameli

iosebi Cveulebriv spekulantad! am axal,

araRirseul, statuss male meorec miema-

ta: man mouxSira Rvinis smas da sardafeb-

Si loTobas. ase rom, SegviZlia davaskvnaT:

`sayovelTao bednierebis~ momtanma axal-

ma droebam iosebs mxolod Sinagani dace-

ma da sulieri ukusvla arguna! marTalia,

zrunaven iosebze xelisuflebis warmomad-

genelni, bina ki CamoarTves, magram sardaf-

Si miuCines sacxovrebeli, mekurtne aRaraa,

magram meezoved daayenes magram siaxlesx-

Tan Segueba ioli rodia, mwerali SeniSnavs,

àr moswonda iosebs Tavisi axali xelo-

ba~. iosebi sakmaod kritikulia Tavisi md-

gomareobis mimarT, mwerali wers, rom is

realurad afiqsirebs Tavs gadaxdenilis

fass: `rogor Tvalmiuwvdenel simaRleze

astyorcna erTbaSad bedisweram da ra male

dairRva misi ocnebis gojila~! albaT, Zne-

lia, aseTi didi socialuri ryvebis mdgo-

mareobaSi adamianma swori arCevani akeTo

da ar Secde. mekurtnes ki ara, didi da se-

riozuli ganaTlebis mqoneTac ki uWirT

aseT viTarebaSi fons gasvla, maS, ra unda

gvikvirdes ubralo, martoxela kacisa, ro-

melic Tavbrudaxveulia warmatebisagan da

gaognebuli, Secdomebs uSvebs... Cans, kon-

stantine gamsaxurdia, rogorc humanisti

mwerali, gulgrilad ver egueba Tavisi

gmiris sulier daqveiTebas, xolo Tavisi

mwerluri poziciis saCveneblad igi sakma-

od farTomasStabian wiaRsvlas akeTebs:

`waqceul didkacebs istorikosebi ise mis-

cvivdebian, rogorc irmis leSs _ mglebi.

gacilebiT ufro Znelia patara adami-

anebis zraxvebs gaarTva Tavi.

me ar vTakilob patara adamianebis

sulSi momxdari aRrevis gamosaxvas. ami-

tomac guldasmiT Seviswavle didi iosebis

cxovreba, TiTqmis yovelive aq moTxrobili

Cemi zedmiwevniTi dakvirvebis Sedegia, zogi

ki TanadamswreTagan gamokiTxuli, magram

mravalgzis sinamdvilesTan Sewamebuli~.

amgvari lirikuli wiaRsvlis mizani

isaa, rom dagvarwmunos, ramdenad èrT-

gulia~ mwerali Tavisi gmirisa, rogor ùd-

gas~ mas mxarSi da rogor ganicdis mis yovel

cxovrebiseul warmateba-warumateblobas.

aq ar SeiZleba ar gavumaxviloT bavSvebs

- 177 -


yuradReba imaze, rom literaturis mTa-

vari Rirebuleba da mowodeba yovelTvis

iyo adamianis zneobrivi TviTSegnebis ama-

Rleba, rom am mxriv literaturas uzomod

didi SesaZleblobebi aqvs. `literaturas

da xelovnebas SeuZlia ara marto mimar-

Tuleba misces adamianis ama Tu im qcevas,

aramed mas ZaluZs gadaiqces adamianis moq-

medebis Sinagan motivad~212 amgvari humanu-

ri mosazrebebiT aris ganmsWvaluli k. gam-

saxurdiac, roca Tavis sulierad waqceul

gmirs marto ar tovebs da... mkiTxvelisaT-

vis moulodnelad, TviT aRmoCndeba moTx-

robis moqmedi piri, didi iosebis mezobeli

da misi areuli cxovrebis yuris mgdebeli.

meti damajereblobisaTvis Cafiqrebul am

mwerlur èSmakobas~ Sedegad is mohyva, rom

igi nabij-nabij aRnusxavs iosebis cxovre-

bis am monakveTs, arcTu mTlad Rirseuls.

sanam yofili mekurtnis cxovrebisa da

sulieri degradirebis process Seexeba,

mwerali morig vrcel wiaRsvlas akeTebs

istoriul realobaSi. ukve aRvniSneT, igi

epoqaluri siaxleebis majiscemas Zli-

er da zustad grZnobs, grZnobs da kidec

asaxavs moTxrobaSi, oRond amjerad yur-

adReba gvinda sxva aspeqtze gavamaxvi-

loT, kerZod, Tu rogor icvleba social-

uri yofa, rogor aRmoCnda ìstoriul

sanagveze~ bevri xeloba da ostati, indus-

trializaciis epoqis sabediswero gavle-

na rogori mtkivneulia adamianebisaTvis.

am movlenaTa centrSi mwerlisaTvis misi

personaJi dgas, mas mimarTavs Sinagani mo-

nologis mxatvruli xerxis gamoyenebiT:

`bedisweram gadmogtyorcna am amRvreul,

daberdul, ganadgurebul, domxaliviT

areul tfilisSi. uTuod imave bedisweram

aria Seni cxovrebis etli da, rogorc

vatyob, mrude bilikebze Segayena Senac~...

ase moamzada mweralma Tavisi mkiTxveli

imis gasagebad, Tu ra axal codvas aziara

cxovrebam misi iosebi, ara mxolod ̀ didi~,

aramed `marTalic~.

212 grigol kiknaZe. literaturis Teoriisa da

istoriis sakiTxebi. Tbilisi, 1978. gv. 355.

didi SoTa gvafrTxilebs, `...Tavia si-

crue yovlisa ubadobisa~, marTlac, momx-

dari ar aRmoCnda bolo wertili. TviTu-

aryofis gzaze damdgari iosebis sulieri

daRmasvla gagrZelda, metic, man saSiSi saxe

miiRo: meezove iosebi yalbi fulis gasaRe-

bis maqinaciaSi Cabmula! personaJi_mwerali

mogviTxrobs, rom roca man ostats xuTia-

Tasiani boni(fulis erTeuli) gauwoda da

am ukanasknels xurda ar aRmoaCnda, àmaso-

baSi duqanSi daZenZil nabdis jubaSi gamo-

fuTnuli, Warmagi kaci Semovida...

mas mwyrisferi Cabalaxi exura da xe-

lSi moyviTalo Cemodani ekava~. ostat-

ma fulis daxurdaveba sTxova mosuls da

manac ̀ amoalaga marjvena ubidan daZonZili,

ZgideebSemocveTili, WuWyiani bonebis das-

ta~. fulis daxurdavebis Semdeg mwerali

ostats gangeb ekiTxeba mis vinaobas. `_eg

erTi raWvelia, Zvelad mekurtned iyo, axla

bazarSi fulebs axurdavebs~. SeiZleba fu-

lis daxurdavebaSi saTakilo araferi iyos,

magram mwerals rom ar moswons iosebis

arCevani, momdevni frazac metyvelebs: àse-

Ti tipi me mravali minaxavs tfilisSi. (...)

moxuci Sromis invalidebi quCa-quCa dadi-

odnen da ioli garjiT Tavs irCendnen~. arc

es subieqturi faqtori SeiZleba miviCnioT

did ubedurebad, didi ubedureba mere mox-

da, roca man(mweralma) sigaretis gamyid-

vels ostatisagan xurdaSi aRebuli aTasbo-

niani gauwoda, xolo am ukanasknelma fuli

ar aiRo, radgan yalbi iyo. bankis moxelem

ki igi advilad daarwmuna, rom yalbi boni

eWira xelT.

es ki ukve saxelmwifoebrivi masStabis

danaSaulia! Tavi rom davaneboT imas, rom

iosebma dakarga Zili da mosveneba, radgan

Sinaganad sufTa, patiosani adamianisaTvis

Znelia erTbaSad amxela `naxtomis~ ukusv-

la, cxadia, saxelmwifos winaSe Cadenil da-

naSauls aravin gapatiebs!

konstantine gamsaxurdia, Cemi azriT,

metad Tamam svlas akeTebs, roca iose-

bis yalbisqmnadobis moTaved students

asaxelebs. diax, es is studenti givia, rome-

- 178 -


lic aseve cxovrobs maT saxlSi da romelic

did iosebTan megobrobs. swored mis bina-

Si Catarda Cxreka, romlis Sedegad `Cekam~

Cveni saxlis sardafSi amerikuli sabeWdi

manqana, didZali yalbi bonebis negativebi,

valcetebi, Srifti...~ aRmoaCina. ase iqca

mekurtne iosebi damnaSaved, xolo intele-

qtualuri Sromis frontze `moRvawe~ stu-

denti, mis ideur STamagoneblad da am ideis

praqtikul ganmaxorcieleblad.

vin icis, sad da rogor dasruldeboda

iosebis cxovreba, Tu ara misi ZvelisZveli

megobari berbera, romlis gadarCenasac See-

wira kidec moxuci raWveli. Cven aqamde Seg-

nebulad araferi vTqviT berberasa da iose-

bis urTierTobaze, romelic Zalian waagavs

i. turgenevis `mumus~ cnobil siuJets. ber-

bera 25 Tebervlis Rames gaicno iosebma

im axal binaSi, romlis patronadac mou-

lodnelad iqca iosebi. saxlis patronebs

ZaRlis wayvanis saSualeba ar hqondaT da

igi datoves. es Zvirfasi jiSis, kargad gaz-

rdili da movlil-napatiebi ZaRli iosebis

areul-dareuli cxovrebis ganuyrel naw-

ilad iqca. maSinac, roca, ase vTqvaT, òr-

mag~ cxovrebas eweoda, iosebs gverdSi es

ZaRli edga, merec, roca iosebi meezoved

iqca da sardafSi dasaxlda, `berberas Zvi-

rad daujda binis gamocvla, gaxda, epilep-

tiuri krunCxva Seeyara~. mwerali aRniSnavs,

rom pativi aeyara ZaRls, `quCis talaxSi

amoigangla mSvenieri berbera da daemsgavsa

Tavadis qals, JamTa siaviT mrecxav qalad

gadaqceuls~. ase rom, berberac erTgvari

msxverplia droTa cvlilebisa, epoqaluri

gardaqmnebisa. Tumca patroni Zveleburad

erTgulia misi, rac SeuZlia, uvlis kidec.

Tu berbera mowmea iosebis dacemisa,

berbera aRmoCndeba swored misi daRupvis

mizezic: mwerali xedavs, rogor moqris

daRmarTSi avto, romlis borblebSic unda

moeqces berbera, `didi iosebi win gaqanda

berberas misaSveleblad~, magram swored

am dros is TviTon aRmoCnda manqanis bor-

blebqveS! ase dasrulda didi iosebis cx-

ovreba, tragikulad, magram amaRlebulad.

mwerali migvaniSnebs, rom iosebi, romel-

ic areuli, qariSxliani epoqis nacartutam

bevri atara aRma-daRma, sabolood damnaSa-

vis codviTac ki daeca, magram misi Sinagani

patiosneba, humanizmi mainc veraferma ware-

cxa, ZaRlis sicocxle misTvis sakuTarze

faseuli aRmoCnda!

ase aRmoCnda moTxrobis finalSi

`fskeris~ adamiani didi iosebi yvelaze ma-

Rali Rirebulebis matarebeli _ marTalia,

igi daeca, damdablda, magram masSi mTa-

vari gadarCa _ humanizmis gancda usulo

da ityvi `megobris~ mimarT. dRes, roca

sazogadoeba, samwuxarod, Zlier daSorda

qirstianuli kacTmoyvareobisa da gulSe-

musvrilebis, TanagrZnobis idealebs, roca

bavSvebsac ki daetyoT gagulgrilebis se-

nis Semoteva, mwerlis amgvari ganwyoba da

Canafiqri uTuod xazgasmiT unda iqnes war-

moCenili.

wero mxatvruli simarTliT, erTguleb-

de damajereblobis princips, _ yvelaferi

ar aris mwerlis mxatvrul-esTetikuri sam-

yaros gaazrebisaTvis, metic, albaT sruli-

ad arasakmarisicaa. roca konstantine gam-

saxurdias moTxrobis esTetikur mxareze

gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas, unda SevniSnoT,

rom jguf àkademiuri mwerlobis~ erT-er-

Ti aqtiuri wevri k. gamsaxurdia marTlac

gamoirCeva akademizmiT, weris kulturis

daxvewilobiT. èsTetikuri azris istori-

aSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi gabatonebu-

li iyo e. w. èsTetikuri triadis~: sikeTis,

mSvenierebisa da WeSmaritebis sinTezi~213.

moTxroba `didi iosebi~ am mxrivac mwer-

lis niWierebis saukeTeso gamomxatvelia.

mis mier moTxrobaSi gamoyenebuli araer-

Ti mxatvruli saxe(Sedarebebi, metaforebi,

istoriuli aluziebi) am mxriv uxv masalas

aZlevs moTxrobiT dainteresebul mkiTx-

vels, moswavle iqneba es Tu xandazmuli

mkiTxveli. xolo Txrobis stili _ TviTmx-

ilvelis funqciiT mwerlis aRWurva _ Txro-

bis damajereblobas da emociur zegavlenas

213 levan beburiSvili. mwerlobis `moTviniere-

ba~ grZeldeba. Tbilisi, 2012, gv. 127.

- 179 -


gansakuTrebulad zrdis. Tavisi mrwamsiT

mwerali amaRlebul mizans emsaxureba: erTi

`patara~ adamianis cxovrebis, Wir-varamisa

da zeasvla-dacemis gziT miaRwios mkiTx-

velis `gaadamianurebas~ (g. doCanaSvili).

urTulesi epoqis mxatvrul prizmaSi gar-

datexis amocana mravalmxrivi safrTxis

Semcvelia, miT ufro Tu es sabWoTa epoqis

istoriaa. mwerali konstantine gamsaxurdia

am amocanas erTi SexedviT, ubralo, patara

moTxrobaSi SesaniSnavad arTmevs Tavs.

Irine Tabatadze

“Li le” human and their big painsResume

Konstan ne Gamsakhurdia’s story “Great Joseph” is a successful try of describ-ing historical peripeteia in an ar s c manner. It describes the main event of XX century intruding of 11th Bolshevick army in Tbilisi and establishing of new Soviet government. The main interest of the writer is to describe life of ordinary people during the era of historical events and their impact of the people. The main charac-hter _ Great Josph _ is so called “bo om” person, who carries cargo for living and unexpectedly becomes an owner of a big property.

Konstan ne Gamsakhurdia describes with great ar s c manner what kind of spiritual and phycological changes Great Joseph has as a result of events which de-velop in an enormously fast way, how has he follen down and become a criminal. Also moral falldown of Great Joseph becomes dangerous, however in a cri cal mo-ment it appears that the main human values _ love and talent of self-sacrifa on _ are s ll alive in the mind of the cargo carrier. Great Joseph was sacrified to this talent shown to his four-legged friend.

The great ar s c and emo onal value of the story is strengthen with incon-spicuous and moral values. Using acute historical background for discribing such a sensi ve and complicated ma er gives more importance to the story, which is shown in this ar cle.

1 1 saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtisaqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti

8 8 vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruli, Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes , Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes (1918 wlis 26 maisi)

31 31 roin metreveliroin metreveli, Strixebi universitetis istoriidan , Strixebi universitetis istoriidan

43 43 sergo vardosaniZe,sergo vardosaniZe, mosaydris instituti saqarTvelos mosaydris instituti saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi

49 49 vaxtang guruli,vaxtang guruli, samxedro-politikuri viTareba kavkasiis samxedro-politikuri viTareba kavkasiis

frontze 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis Semdeg frontze 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis Semdeg

(1917 marti-1918 wlis ianvari)

82 82 jemal karaliZe,jemal karaliZe, baTumis sazavo konferencia baTumis sazavo konferencia

(1918 wlis 11 maisi-4 ivnisi)

93 93 levan jiqia,levan jiqia, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi (1919 w.)

106 106 levan jiqia,levan jiqia, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli sxdoma saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli sxdoma

115 115 dazmir jojua,dazmir jojua, saqarTvelo da evropa 1918-1921 wlebSi saqarTvelo da evropa 1918-1921 wlebSi

139 139 gvanca burduli,gvanca burduli, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia 1918-1921 wlebSieklesia 1918-1921 wlebSi

151 151 tariel futkaraZetariel futkaraZe, terminologiuri Secdomebi da , terminologiuri Secdomebi da

arsgayalbebuli simboluri TariRebi arsgayalbebuli simboluri TariRebi

(baTumis mxaris Sesaxeb 1918-1921 wlebSi Seqmnili oficialuri dokumen-

tebis zogi terminiis analizi sainformacio omis konteqstSi)

170 170 irine tabataZeirine tabataZe, `patara~ adamiani da misi didi tkivilebi , `patara~ adamiani da misi didi tkivilebi

(konstantine gamsaxurdias moTxroba `didi iosebi~)

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sarCevisarCevi

INDEPENDENCE ACT OF GEORGIA

VAKHTANG GURULI, Our fate was in our hands (26 May 1918)

ROIN METREVELI, Accents from university history

SERGO VARDOSANIDZE, The Ins tute of Co-regency in Georgian Orthodox

Church

VAKHTANG GURULI, Military-Poli cal situa on on Caucasus

front a er revolu on in February-March of 1917

(March 1917-January 1918)

JEMAL KARALIDZE, Batumi Peace Conference (11 May-4 June, 1918)

LEVAN JIKIA, Elec ons of the Cons tuent Assembly of Georgia (1919)

LEVAN JIKIA, The first mee ng of Cons tuent Assembly of Georgia

DAZMIR JOJUA, Georgia and Europe in 1918-1921

GVANTSA BURDULI, The Georgian Apostolic Orthodox Church in 1918-1921

TARIEL PUTKARADZE, Terminological Errors and Fraudulent Symbolic Dates

(Analysis of official documents concerning Batumi created in 1918-1921

in the context of news war)

IRINE TABATADZE, „Li le“ human and their big pains

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Documents

VIII - dl.sangu.edu.gedl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/shromebiVIII.pdf · gr. veSapiZe: ukeTebs SekiTxvas samoqalaqo da sisxlis kanonebis Sesaxeb. kreba adgens, rom SekiTxvebi oratorisadmi moispos