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Sustainable Waste Management

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Sustainable Waste Management

Overview• municipal solid waste (MSW)

– history– today’s numbers 

– landfills

– three R’s 

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History: Prior to (and during) WWII

• little MSWgenerated

• high reuse• goods made for

repair not disposal

• war rationing

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History: Post WWII• consumption increases

• economy based on consumption

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How do we stack up?

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What we generate

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What we do with it

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Small towns used to have individual

dumps

• now restricted to permitted landfills

• many small towns have transferstations instead– waste collected for further

transportation– save money on labor and operating costs

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Landfills

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Landfill Structure

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Landfills in US

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Landfills

• design has improved over the years– plastic liner, leachate and methane

collection, and monitoring• still there are landfill sitting

problems

– NIMBY– LULU

– NIMTOO

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Landfills

• design has improved over the years– plastic liner, leachate and methane

collection, and monitoring• still there are landfill sitting

problems

– NIMBY – Not In My Back Yard– LULU – Locally Unwanted Land Use

– NIMTOO – Not In My Term of Office

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Landfills

-

•  Leachategeneration  watercont.

• Incomplete

decomposition (lackof H20)

• Aesthetics

+• Packed tightly, fit

large amount oftrash in small area

• No air pollution (as

from incineration)• Methane used for

energy

• Recreational Use

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Waste to energy

• 90 plants in US, renewable energy?

• about 12% of waste is currently

burned• reduce weight and volume of trash

• make useable energy

• but, toxic emissions are a possibility

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Waste-to-energy

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How Can We Manage Our MSW

Sustainably?“The 3 R’s” 

REDUCE

REUSE

RECYCLE

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The Reduction Approach

• buy less?

• buy more durable goods as opposed todisposable ones

• manufacturers are reducing the size of

goods and size of packaging

– 2 liter bottles and 1 gallon milk jug weigh33% less now than in 1970s

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The Reuse Approach

• maximize the lifespan of a material inthe production-consumption cycle.

• examples?– just reusing a container for a different

purpose

– Bottle Bill

– thrift stores– Dump and Run – local

– www.universityymca.org/dump_and_run/

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Bottle Bills

• requires buyers to pay a deposit on bottledgoods then it is returned (1st

 = VT 1953)most are 5 cents

• 95% of refillable bottles and 92% of thealuminum cans are returned (Michigan 96%

of bottles and cans)

• 35-40% roadside litter reduced 

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The Recycle Approach

• similar to Reuse, but involvesprocessing of the material.

– end-point vs. source separation• composting

• the US recycles approximately 33%

of solid municipal wastes

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How much do we recycle?

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Recycling by material

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Weighing the Costs and Benefitsof Recycling

Benefits• Reduces demand for

raw materials• Reduces pollution

• Reduces energy needs

• Composting providesnutrients to soils

Costs

•  $$$ - UsuallyTaxpayer

• Source separationinvolves effort

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Promoting Recycling

• most efforts involved collection, more focusneeds to be on procurement andremanufacturing

• government efforts– Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) -1976

– container deposit bills (Bottle Bill)

– tax breaks– remove subsidies for raw materials and energy

• pay per throw disposal pricing– should we charge per bag/container?

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What you can do

• recycle, reduce, reuse

• don’t buy much to begin with 

• buy used where possible• use containers over and over

• compost food waste

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Campus Waste Disposal

Brickyard Landfill

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UIUC Campus Recycling

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Campus Waste Video 

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where does your trash go?

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on campus?

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Wh t d t d

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What can you do to reduce

solid waste?• always put recyclable materials in

best receptacle (source separation)• buy less, or with less packaging

• educate others (students/friends)

• support bottle bills and otherlegislation