Waste Management

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About

• All of us generate waste everyday. Waste comes from our homes, schools, colleges, markets, industries, agriculture and commercial places.

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• Where do we throw all the garbage? It is thrown into the garbage bins kept at different places by the municipal authorities. Garbage from the bins is collected and carried by trucks to a distant place for disposal.

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Waste• Any material which cannot be used in the form in

which it is produced

is called a Waste.

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• It is no longer needed by us because it has lost its value. If it is thrown around, it can cause soil, air or water pollution. It also poses a serious threat to normal life, plants, animals and human beings.

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Contd.

Any material which is not needed by the owner, producer or processor.

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Classification of Waste

• Domestic waste• Factory waste• E-waste• Construction waste• Agricultural waste• Food processing waste• Bio-medical waste• Nuclear waste

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Classification of Waste

• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.

• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.

• Liquid waste- water used for different industries e.g. tanneries, distilleries, thermal power plants

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• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.

• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants

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Contd.

Types of waste on the basis of their physical

state 1) Solid waste

2) Liquid waste

3) Gaseous waste

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Garbage

• Solid waste is commonly called Garbage. It includes only non-liquid wastes generated from households and other commercial places.

• Waste includes all the three types of wastes whereas garbage includes only solid wastes.

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Types of waste on the basis of degradability

• Biodegradable wastes

• Non–Biodegradable wastes

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Biodegradable wastes are those waste which can be decomposed by the microorganisms into simpler substances. If it is handled in the proper way it causes no harm.

• Some examples are: 1. Peel and cutting of fruits and vegetables 2. Cow dung 3. Plant residue and agriculture waste

This type of waste can be recycled by making vermi compost or for preparing biogas.

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Biodegradable Wastes

Non- biodegradable Wastes

• Non-biodegradable wastes are those which cannot be decomposed by the microorganisms into simpler substances. Such types of waste is a matter of serious concern for all of us & if it is not handled properly, causes pollution.

Some examples are:1. Plastic bags2. Buckets3. Plates4. Glass5. Metal scrap 14

Recycling Waste• One method of reducing the amount of

waste to be thrown away is to recycle it.

• It involves the collection and then processing of the waste to make new useful products

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Types of wastes on the basis of their effects on

Human Health

• Hazardous wastes Substances unsafe to use commercially,

industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal

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Non-hazardous • Substances safe to use commercially,

industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal

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Sources of Wastes

Agriculture

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Fisheries

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Households

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Commerce and Industry

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Managing Waste

Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.

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Benefits of recycling:- Reduce environmental degradation- Making money out of waste- Save energy that would have gone into waste

handling & product manufacture

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Saving through recycling:

- When all is melted- considerable saving in cost

- Making paper from waste saves 50% energy- Every tone of recycled glass saves energy

equivalent to 100 litter's of oil

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Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material

For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe

In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

Recycling not a solution to all problems!

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• Reduce Waste- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a

formal policy to duplex all draft reports and by making training manuals and personnel information available electronically.

- Improve product design to use less materials.

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- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength

- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program

- Switch to reusable transport containers

- Purchase products in bulk

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Contd.

Reuse

- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally

- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper

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-Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses

-Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments

-Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new ones

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Contd.

Donate/Exchange

- Old books

- Old clothes

- Old computers

- Excess building materials

- Old equipment to local organizations30

Employee Education

-Develop an “office recycling procedures” packet

-Send out recycling reminders to all employees including environmental articles

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- Train employees on recycling practices prior to implementing recycling programs

- Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologies are introduced and new employees join the institution

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Contd.

- Education campaign on waste management that includes an extensive internal web site, quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and helpful reference labels within the campus of an institution

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Contd.

Preventing Waste

- Packaging waste reductions and changes in the manufacturing process

- Use biodegradable materials

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Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste

• Exchanging output that are considered waste

• Waste of one could be input or raw material for others

• Evolving a closed system- matter & energy circulate within

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EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY

• Affects our health• Affects our socio-economic conditions• Affects our coastal and marine environment• Affects our climate

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EFFECTS OF WASTE…

• GHGs are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing global mean surface air temperature and subsurface ocean temperature to rise

• Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea levels and change precipitation and other local climate conditions

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• Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies

• This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems

• Deserts might expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of our national parks might be permanently altered

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Contd.

• Some countries are expected to become warmer, although sulphates might limit warming in some areas.

• Whether rainfall increases or decreases cannot be reliably projected for specific areas.

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Contd.

Management of Hazardous Wastes

• Prevention and minimization of Hazardous Wastes

• Promoting Institutional capacities in managing

• Promoting International Cooperation in trans boundary shipment

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Basal Convention

• Underworld trade in the export of hazardous wastes in late 1980’s

Developed Developing

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• UN’s decision to intervene and device a treaty:

-To set global rules for control of trade on Hazardous wastes

• Convention requires environmentally sound disposal

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Contd.

Basel Convention failed to give way to Bamako convention

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After Basel, Africans realized that we would have to take the responsibility for protecting our own continent as it was clear that many industrialized nations were unwilling to help us do so.

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Thank You! Ms. Megha Gupta

Ms. Rashi Walia

Mr. Sijin Varghese

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