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Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension

Comprehension of Words

猜测词义 读懂文章

1. 1. 主旨大意主旨大意2. 2. 细节理解 细节理解

3. 3. 猜测词义猜测词义4.4. 推理判断推理判断

5. 5. 篇章结构篇章结构

6. 6. 观点态度观点态度

题题型型及及解解题题技技巧巧

1. Teaching background 教学背景

阅读理

阅读理

解解

Question FormQuestion FormQuestion FormQuestion Form

1.The word “…” refers to/ 1.The word “…” refers to/ means/could best be replaced means/could best be replaced by _________.by _________.

2.The underlined word/sentence 2.The underlined word/sentence means _________. means _________.

3.Find in the passage a word 3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”.underlined word “…”.

• 方法一： Using word formation （构词法）

2.

Approach introduction 方法介绍

prefix ( 前

缀）

suffix （后缀）

un-

word root ( 词根） believe

-able

Guessing the meaning

unbelievableunbelievable

With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)

unconditional:无条件的 ,

绝对的 adj.

condition conditional

情况，条件 n. 有条件的 adj.

unconditional:

nonjudgmental:没有判断力的

judge

judgment

judgmental

判断 v.

判断 n.

adj.

nonjudgmental:

• 方法二：• Using context clues（利用上下文线索）

同义词、近义词

Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

有害的 adj.

作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一

个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往

往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。

also

技巧 1技巧 1

资金 n.

At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.

money

同义词、近义词

nor同义词常见信词：or, namely, that is, i.e., that is to say, 等。

反义词

eg. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely ． “homely” means “ ”.ugly

With the help of words like: unlike; buthowever, while, instead, on the other hand...

Unlike handsome

技巧 2技巧 2

Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. 厌恶，憎恨If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. 不赞成；不同意

Rather thanliking

noyesagree

In the past the world seemed to run in an In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of seems to be in a state of turmoilturmoil. .

一片混乱 一片混乱

定义、解释或举例

通过定义 , 定语从句 / 同位语 / 词或词组(is; was; mean; that is; that’s to say; or; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; i.e , such as ; like; especially; for instance; for example ) 来确定词义

技巧 3技巧 3

1.When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning” ． “simile” means“___________”.【修辞】明喻

常见的信号词： such as,

for example,for instance 等。

坚决的坚决的

2. 2. Social mobilitySocial mobility is the movement from is the movement from one class or level of living to another.one class or level of living to another.

3. He is a 3. He is a resoluteresolute man, once he sets up a man, once he sets up a 　　 goal, he will not give it up easily.goal, he will not give it up easily.

社会流动性社会流动性

因果关系

With the help of conjunctions like: because, as ， since ， for ， so ，thus ， as a result ， therefore ，so that ， etc.

技巧 4技巧 4

--- since you are my superior （上级） , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .

（ 2005 年上海卷）A ． full of respect B ． too confident and rude C ． lacking in experience D ． too shy and quiet

since superior

标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）

1.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.

A.dictionaries B. story-books

C. magazines D. newspapers

技巧 5技巧 5

2. The other questioned the 2. The other questioned the veracity —— veracity —— the truthfulness of the truthfulness of these reports.these reports.

真实性真实性

经验和常识

In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.

a kind of raincoat

技巧 6技巧 6

• The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates ， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward ．

• “evaporates” means “______________”turns into vapour

蒸发

•Using word formation

•Using context( 上下文） clues （线索）

1.同义词、近义词2.反义词3.定义、解释或举例4.因果关系 5.标点符号6.经验和常识

Summary 小结3.

4.

Practice 练习

• Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you:

• Passage 1.• We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know

that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.

• We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.

• 1. Acceleration is the name for _______.

A. any kind of movement

B. the movement of a plane• C. a steady speed D. an increase in

speed

• Passage 2.

• A tornado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a tornado rushes at great speed around

a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher.

• 2. A tornado is a _______.• A. rainstorm B. dust storm

• C. great circle wind D. huge funnel of water

• Passage 3.• STOCKHOLM—A Swede and two Americans won t

he 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said.

• 3. What does the underlined word “schizophrenia” probably mean?

• A. a kind of illness B. a new discovery • C. a name of a subject D. a new drug

• Passage 4.• New York: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade

Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast…. Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put, telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower.

• 4. The underlined words “stay put” means______.• A. to keep silent B. to leave at once• C. to stay in the building• D. to put everything back and then leave

• Passage 5.• All the athletes try to be at the closing

ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home.

• 5. The underline phrase “clears up” in the paragraph means______.

• A. packs up B. goes away • C. makes clear D. does the cleaning

• 1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( )

• 2. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial ( 关系重大的 )and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( )

• 3. Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward. ( )

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5.

Assignment 作业

• 4. Most women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ( )

• 5. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time. ( )

• 6. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. ( )

• 7. They surrendered, that is, threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads. ( )

文盲的

沉默寡言的

男主角

投降

• 8. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy—its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ( )

• 9. The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water. ( )

• 10. Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile crimes—crimes committed by young people. ( )

醉心工作

防波堤 , 码头

青少年犯罪