Welcome to RAD TECH - AIntroduction to Radiologic Technology

Section# 8790

Tuesdays 4 – 7:10PM

(FINAL)

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RTEC A INSTRUCTOR

• MINA COLUNGA, B.S.,RT., C.R.T.

Instructor, minacolunga@yahoo.com or mcolunga@elcamino.edu

WEB page: www.elcamino.edu/faculty/mcolunga

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El Camino College

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RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

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HIGH TECH – HIGH TOUCH

PROFESSION

WHY CHOOSE RADIOGRAPHY?

Isn’t it dangerous?

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Is this a safe profession?

Why do you want to do this?

Why are you taking this class?

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Radiation is all around us

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http://www.ncrponline.org/images/160_pie_charts/Fig8-1.pdf

History of Radiology

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Historical Perspectives– November 8,

1895:• Wilhelm Conrad

Röntgen discovered x-rays

– German Physicist

– University of Wurtzburg

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• Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 - discovered x-rays

• Working with Crooke’s vacuum tube

– He found invisible rays were produced. – These new rays could go through skin and

flesh – Give a picture of a person's bones.

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X-rays – the Basic Radiological Tool

Röntgen’s experimental apparatus -Crookes tube

Taken 22 Dec. 1895

First Radiograph

• Anna Bertha Röntgen

• 30 minute exposure

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Collaborative Events

• Crookes tube– Air evacuated glass tube– Cathode side– Anode side– Electrical supply

• Screen or board painted with barium platinocyanide

• Low light work area19

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“Willie Röntgen”

• Honored in 1901 with the first Nobel prize in physics for his efforts.

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In the beginning…..

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Early years in Radiologic Technology

• Nurses or nurses aides taught how to “take an x-ray”

• NO special education

• Only “ON THE JOB” training

• Experience the best teacher

• The first Technologist is credited to be EDWARD C. JERMAN.

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An early therapy session

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In 30 years

• Developed from a technical trade to one of a professionalism

• Once thought that anyone could be trained to quickly = “push the buttons’

• To now where it is considered a profession that requires analytical thinking and problem solving

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• X rays began to be used in industry and medicine

• Years later, they noticed it can be harmful

• They could be harmful to:

– living tissue

– even cause cancer if the exposures were too great or too prolonged

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Early signs of possible damage from Radiation exposure

• Skin dryness

• Erythema

• Ulcers formed31

Acute: Ulceration

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Radiologic Technologists

Practices

RADIATION SAFETY

TO SELF

AND

OTHERS35

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HISTORY REVIEW

Who is this?

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HISTORY REVIEW

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

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HISTORY REVIEW

What did he discover?

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HISTORY REVIEW

He discovered x-rays

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HISTORY REVIEW

What were the series of events that led to the

discovery?

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HISTORY REVIEW

1) Crookes tube– With electrical supply

2) Screen coated with barium platinocyanide

3) Low light area

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Accreditation, Certification, Registration, Licensing???

What is all that?

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Accrediting Agencies for Schools (JRC’s)

• Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRCDMS)

• Joint Review Committee on Education in Nuclear Medicine Technology (JRCNMT)

• Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology

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Individual Certification

• Take an exam

• Pay a fee

• You then get registered

• Nearly all hospitals require appropriate certifciation as a condition of employment.

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National: Registry Agencies

• American Registty of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS)

• American Registry of Radiologic Technologists

• Nuclear Medicine Certification Board

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State Licensing Agencies

• Vary from state to state

• List of individual state requirement can be obtained at www.arrt.org

• Must provide proof of certification

• Fill out paperwork

• Pay a fee

• Sometimes take an exam52

Certification vs. License• ARRT

– National certification• R.T.

– Must take an exam• Pass with 75%

– Can take this after completing program

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• CRT– State Licensing– Must pass ARRT or

other equivalent national exam to get this

– Pay fee to get radiography license (R)

– Take fluoroscopy exam and pay a fee for (F) license

RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

It covers all of our individual disciplines.

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RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

• Radiography• Mammography• Computed

Tomography• Magnetic Resonance

Imaging• Quality Management• Sonography• Radiation Therapy

• Bone Densitometry• Vascular Sonography• Breast Sonography• Cardiac Interventional

Radiography• Vascular Interventional

radiography• Radiologist Assistant• Nuclear Medicine

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5 Primary Certifications

•  Radiography (R)

• Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)

• Radiation Therapy (T)

• Sonography (US) (RDMS)

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)56

Post Primary Certifications

• Mammography (M)

• Computed Tomography(CT)

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI)– Note: Both a primary and post-

primary track

• Quality Management (QM)

• Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI)

• Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI)

• Sonography (US) or (RDMS)– Note: Both a primary and post-

primary track

• Vascular Sonography (VS)

• Breast Sonography (BS) • Bone Densitometry (BD)

• Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)

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MRI and Sonography are PRIMARY and POST PRIMARY

1)Can get formal education

1)On the job training 1) if you have a primary certification in

radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy

2) meet clinical requirements.

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SALARY RANGES RT’s

• New R.T. (R) = $ 23 -$40 per hour– ON-CALL + O.T. $48,000 – $83,000 YR

• Advance disciplines• R.T. (CT), (T), (NM), (S), (M), etc

– $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR

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Individual Disciplines of Radiology

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Radiography : Primary Certification

Mina Colunga R.T. (R)

Mina Colunga Registered Technologist in the specialty of

Radiography

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RADIOGRAPHY

• Diagnostic Radiology– Technologist– Radiographer– Technician (Limited Licensure)

– Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system,chest and abdomen

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Diagnostic Radiology

• Portable (Mobile) Radiography

• Surgery

• Trauma

• Fluoroscopy (with contrast media)

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All types of EXAMS & PEOPLE

• Infants• Elderly• All classes• All ethnicity• All backgrounds

• Head to toes• Trauma• Special procedures• Critical patients• Walk ins• Surgery

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Uses Ionizing Radiation tocreate images of the human body

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Flouroscopy- xrays in motion

Fluoroscopy

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MAMMOGRAPHY (M) –Post- primary certification

Mina Colunga, R.T.(R) (M)

1) Must have primary certification in radiography

1) On the job training to meet clinical requirements

Radiographic Imaging of the breast.

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Bone Densitometry (BD) – Post primary certification

1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy

2) Meet clinical requirements

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Bone Densitometry- measures mineral content and density of

bones

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Low Doses of Radiation

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Computed Tomography (CT)- Post primary certification

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Computed Tomography

Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT)

1)Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy

2)Meet clinical requirements

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CT SCANNER

• Uses – Radiation– Computer

• Rescontructs images– Some in 3-D

82FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body.

(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)

C T SCANNER

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)- Primary and post primary

certification

Jennifer Smith R.T. (R), (MRI)

1)Formal education (primary)

2) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy. (post primary)

3) Meet clinical requirements (both)84

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MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION

• Uses– Magnet field– radio waves

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MRI SAFETY

1.Use non magnetic materials

2.Can cause harm to patient or employees

3.1 reported death from oxygen tank1. 6 years old

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Which one is MRI? CT?

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Look for the signs….

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What are the differences between MRI and CT?

CT

• Uses ionizing radiation

• Can be used on any patient

• Fast

MRI

• Uses magnets and radiowaves

• Cannot be used on patients who have metal in their body

• Slow92

Which is better?

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What are the similarities between CT and MRI?

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Angiography

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ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood

vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection

of contrast media

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Cardiac Interventional Radiography (CI)- Primary certification

Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI)

1)Must have primary certification in radiography

2) Meet clinical requirements

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Vascular Interventional Radiography (VI)- Post primary certification

JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)

1)Must have primary certification in radiography

2)Meet clinical requirements

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NUCLEAR

MEDICINE

use radioactive isotopes to make images

Nuclear Medicine

Mina Colunga R.T. (NM)

• ARRT or NMTCB certification– 1-4 year programs

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NM – Images collected afterinjections of a RADIOISOTOPE

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The tracer travels into the blood vessels until it arrives to the

bone

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Prostate cancer metastasized in bones

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RADIATION THERAPY (T)- Primary certification

Mina Colunga R.T. (T)

• The branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays or radioactive substances

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Radiation Therapy

• Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations

• 1-4 year program

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Sonography – Primary and post primary certification

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

• Jen Smith R.T.,(R) (S) or RT (S) or (RDMS)

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115Determines depth

Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected – as special crystal at the end of the transducer candetermine the type of tissue

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Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)

“real time” images

ULTRASOUND

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uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.

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U/S & the “real thing”

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Breast Sonography

• Post Primary Exam

• Valuable for Technologists that specialize in Mammography

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Vascular Sonography

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Additional Opportunities

• Education• Administration• Management (QM)• Commercial• Radiologist Assistant

= RA• Sales• Application specialist

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Radiologist Assistant (RA)

• Still not widely accepted

• Must have a primary certification in radiography

• Must meet clinical requirements

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TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST = SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$

Other working opportunities…

• Registry (local)

• Registry (out of state)

• X rays taken around the world !!

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Variety of Work Settings• physicians offices,• • clinical outpatient facilities,

• free standing imaging centers,

• mobile imaging centers

• portable services to rehabs

• Mammo’s to under privileged areas

• Urgent care128

Professional Societies

• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic Technologist

• CSRT – California SocietySociety of Radiologic Technologists

• RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of California

• International Societies, other state societies, other modalities

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Questions ?

• Diagnostic Imaging Modalities

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Types of Powerpoints

1) Complete lecture

2) Incomplete Lecture

3) Skeleton Lecture

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Complete Lecture• Everything is there

• You have to take few notes because you can refer back to it at a later date

• It’s your lucky day if you miss class

• Much like todays lecture

• Lecture goes fast- because you have all the information you need on the PP.

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Incomplete lecture1. Bits and ________

2. Must __________to get all information.

3. You should _______ powerpoints, take_____ to fill in the spots missing or bring ________ or ___________.

4. _________ is _____-pace giving you enough time to take ______ and ______ to lecture.

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Incomplete lecture 1. Bits and pieces

2. Must attend class to get all information.

3. You should print powerpoints, take notes to fill in the spots missing or bring a laptop or digital recorder. – Don’t have to print entire PP only the sheets that need filling in– Or use the page numbers as a reference to which bullet points need to be

filled in

4. Lecture is mid-pace giving you enough time to take notes and listen to lecture.

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Skeleton Lecture

• Topics

• Note taking

• Class

• Speed

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Skeleton Lecture • Topics

– The main points are listed

• Note taking– Elaboration of these topics will be given and you must take notes on

these topics

• Class – If you are not in class you will not get the information unless you have

a buddy that takes excellent notes

• Speed– Lecture is slower so that you can take notes better, concepts are

reviewed and explained in more detail

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