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WPGC
Church Security Workshop
Whistling Pines Gun Club
Tony Brunetto
Senior Instructor - WPGC
© 2016 DTC 1
WPGC
Predator / Prey / Defender
LTC Dave Grossman, USA, Ret. defined these
states in his 1996 book; “On Killing”
Researched the mentality of combat troops, police,
and civilians
Defined three distinct mentalities Predator = wolf
Prey = sheep
Defender = sheepdog
Each mentality has unique characteristics
Mentality classification has nothing to do with
physical location
4© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Motivation and Skills
Why did you volunteer for your church
security team?
Desire to help protect?
Are you committed to prepare and train?
What skills do you bring to the team?
Law enforcement, military combat ops
Accomplished CCW holder
Good judgement and patience
Ability to read people & anticipate actions
6© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Mindset
What is it?
The way that we view the world and our role in it
What does it influence?
How we live our lives and how we move through
our environment
Can it be changed?
Absolutely – but change takes commitment
What causes such a change?
Disaster, injury, education, epiphany
7© 2016 DTC
WPGC
8
Situational Awareness (S.A.)
What is it?
An overall awareness and understanding of your
surroundings, defensive assets, and potential threats
Why do I need it?
Good S.A. can help you avoid a dangerous situation
Preempt trouble or prepare you to react
Enables you to prepare an adequate and appropriate
defense
Helps you anticipate and identify potential/obvious threats
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
States of Awareness
Originated by LtCol Jeff Cooper, USMC, Ret.
First to codify basics of handgun defense
Color coded states of awareness
Relates mental awareness to ability to defend
States of awareness aren't tied to physical location
No links between states of awareness and threat
proximity
Great starting point to understand mental
preparation
9© 2016 DTC
WPGC
States of Awareness
Combat Mindset
10
White - you are unprepared and unready to take lethal action. If you are attacked you will probably die unless your adversary is totally inept.
Yellow - you realize that your life may be in danger and that you may have to do something about it.
Orange - you have identified an adversary(ies) and are prepared to take action which may result in his/their death, but you are not in a lethal mode yet.
Red - you are in a lethal mode and will shoot if circumstances warrant.
Black - catastrophic breakdown of mental and physical performance. Over 175 heartbeats per minute. May have stopped thinking correctly.
May occur when going from Condition White or Yellow immediately to Condition Red. (USMC)
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Personal Safety Zones
Societal expectation of safety
Private vs. public environments
Private: home, vehicle
You generally control the environment
Expectation of absolute safety from attack
Public: church, mall, restaurant, theater
Many forces influence the environment
Expectation of reasonable safety from attack
12© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Personal Safety Zones
13
10’ Danger
Zone21’ Minimum
Defense Zone30’ Caution
Zone 1.5 sec.
reaction
envelope3.0 sec.
reaction
envelope5.0 sec.
reaction
envelope
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Ambush Tactics
Friendly Approach - attacker approaches the target
in a non-threatening manner to ask for directions etc.
Once the target is engaged in conversation the attacker
places the target at risk with a weapon.
Task Distraction – the attacker scans for a target
engrossed in a task; handing out materials, greeting
church members, or giving directions. Attacker closes
and places target at risk with a weapon.
15© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Ambush Tactics
16
Frontal Assault – the attacker approaches head on
and presents a weapon when within several feet of the
target. Attacker depends on speed and shock effect to
enhance effectiveness of attack.
Herding – attackers work in a pair where one
approaches quickly posing a potential threat. The goal is
to have the target(s) react to the approach driving the
target(s) in the direction of the second attacker. The
herding direction will usually take the target away from lit
and populated areas.
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Expectations
Fear factor
Natural response to negative stimuli
Surprise / shock of attack
Possibility of injury or death
Uncertain outcome
Potential debilitating effect
Rapid change to states of awareness
Negative psychological & physiological effects
Significantly influenced by mindset; prey or defender
18© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Expectations
Psychological effects
Prey cannot effectively process attack data
Caught entirely by surprise
State of denial, violence is a foreign concept
Situation defies logical processing
Gross mental confusion, indecisive action if any
Defender assesses attack data
Situational awareness reduces element of surprise
Accepts the world can be a violent place
Relies on trained reaction
Mentally rehearsed the event, can mount defense
19© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Expectations
Physiological effects
Increased pulse and respiration rate
Changes in blood flow
Reduced manual dexterity / fine motor coordination
Changes in sensory perception
Delayed mental – physical action linkage
Prey has no mechanism to compensate for
diminished physical capabilities
Defender understands and anticipates negative
effects
Constructed compensation strategies
20© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Expectations
Impulse management
If attacked expect you’ll be injured
Fear is natural, but don’t let it paralyze you
Trust your training, react
Options are defined by the situation and your
willingness / ability to fight
Self preservation is # 1
Resignation – defeat is the only possible result
Logical flight – escape to enhance survival
Total war – aggressive attack to neutralize
21© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Overview
24
The addition of people to any facility complicates
the protection process
Effective protection planning depends on an
understanding of the environment, facility
functions, and population dynamics
Assess your facility and population from the
outside in, use the “eyes of an attacker”
Security procedures and facility improvements
can greatly enhance personnel security and
safety
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Population Flow & Concentration
25
Population distribution and concentration changes over a given period of time
Generally predictable
Can be studied and analyzed
Exploitable for attack
Arrival and departure areas
“Condensed crowds”
Formal gathering places
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Facility Population Dynamics
26
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
20:0
00:
00
Lobby
Cafeteria
Population
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
In Case of Emergency
Human response to crisis
Mental confusion - freeze in disbelief
Rapidly move in the direction of an exit
Attempt to hide
Complicating factors
Parents collecting/protecting children
Elderly or infirmed unable to move quickly
“Unofficial” defenders with CCW permits
27© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Background
30
We cannot protect everything, all the time, or
against every threat
Our ability to protect is a function of time, place,
determination, design, and circumstances
Protective strategies cannot be static, they must
adapt as the population moves or threats evolve
Our ability to protect is diminished by a “rule
based” mentality
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
FBI Active Shooter Report
160 incidents between 2000 – 2013
Occurred in 40 different states
Incidents ended in 5 minutes or less in 44 of 64
60% ended BEFORE police arrived
No accurate or useful predictive pattern
Age: teens to sixties
Both sexes, all races
Some expressed motives, some just “snapped”
32© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Layered Security
Security starts at the property line
Establish layers of security
Parking lot
Main entrance
Vestibule
Primary congregation areas
Security assets should adjust to population
movement/concentration
33© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Controlling Access
Secondary entrances
Secured and armed with audible alarms
Limit access to high vantage points
Choir loft
Designate “Greeters” at the entrance
Screen attendees before/as they enter
34© 2016 DTC
WPGC
P.A.I.N.E.R.
Developed by Direct Training Concepts (DTC)
Mnemonic to describe the steps for surviving a
hostile encounter
Prevention
Assess the situation
Initiate defense action
Neutralize the threat
Escape
Report the attack
36© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Crisis Response Operations
37
Pre-planned
Realistic and up to date
Sufficient and available resources
Coordinated with all participants and assets
Worse case scenarios considered
Crisis response must be practiced
Incorporate into daily operations
Evaluate honestly
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Basics
Identify and intercept early
“Read the faces & body language”
Isolate and contain the threat
Provide necessary security assets
Move the potential threat away from crowds
Use simple but forceful verbal commands
Avoid target fixation – distractions
Look for secondary threats
Practice force application
Restraint through lethal force
38© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Commitment to Action
Lack of mental preparation for combat is the
# 1 vulnerability
Select a course of action – commit 110%
Indecision negates any level of defensive skill
Use sufficient force to neutralize threat
Use all available assets
Protection and survival are the objectives
Denial is destructive
This is happening now – deal with it decisively
39© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Training
40
Engage all participants
Make sure security team understands assignments
Ensure all participants are comfortable and
proficient in their roles
Vary training scenarios and exercise types
Coordinate with LEA/crisis response managers
Evaluate goals and scope of training
Use all available training resources
© 2016 DTC
WPGC
Value of Rehearsal
Tactical rehearsal refines responses
Rehearse in your actual facility
Foundation for performance patterns
Move from micro to macro details
Visualization
Different settings, conditions, and weapons
Adjust action based on envisioned result
Incorporate into training
Standard weapon practice; drawing, index shooting
Practical scenarios, stress training, unexpected events
41© 2016 DTC
WPGC
10 Truths of a Gun Fight
1. Time is not your friend; delay can be deadly
2. Whoever shoots first has a better chance of winning
3. Pick your target before your hand moves to your gun
4. Aim center mass; leave the hero shots for movies & TV
5. Only shoot enough to stop the threat
6. NEVER lose count of your ammo
7. Avoid shooting your gun “dry”
8. Move to cover as quickly as possible
9. Don’t reholster your firearm until the fight is over
10. If you can’t run faster than the bad guys, practice
shooting
42© 2016 DTC