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Wine and HealthWine and HealthMickey Parish, Ph.D.

Professor and Chair 

Dept of Nutrition and Food Science

College of Agriculture and Natural Resources

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"Nothing more excellentor valuable than wine

was ever granted by theGods to man."

Plato 

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What is in Wine?• Water 85-90%

• Ethanol – preserve, flavor enhancer  7-14%

• Sugars – sweetener, flavor enhancer  0.1-15%

•  Acids – Organic, inorganic; crisp sour  0.6-1%

• Tannins – pigmnts, phenols; health; preservation 0.6-1%• Volatile compounds – aroma, bouquet +200

• Proteins, vitamins, minerals little

Caloric content dependent upon

alcohol and sugar content.

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Wine (4 fl oz) Calories

Cabernet franc 96

Burgundy, red 101

Cabernet Sauvignon 96

Chenin blanc 94

Fume blanc 96

Chardonnay 90

Sauvignon blanc 95

Pinot grigio 97

Merlot 98

Muscat 98

Reisling 95

Sauvignon Blanc 80

Zinfandel 103

http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/

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German and WalzemTHE HEALTH BENEFITS OF WINE

 Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2000. 20:561–93

Polyphenolic Compounds

 Antioxidant propertiesTotal Phenolics

Red wine 900-2500 mg/L

White wine 190-290 mg/L

ResveratrolRed 1.0 mg/LWhite 0.2 mg/L

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What health effects?

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Obvious negative effects fromconsumption of alcohol

 Alcoholism & Liver diseaseSulfites (ca. 1% of pop.)

Headaches (migraine trigger)

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International Journal of Epidemiology -  August 2000 - Seven CountriesStudy

Life Span

Moderate drinkers live onaverage two years longer

than heavy drinkers ornon-drinkers.

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Light drinkers who consumed wine

cut their risk of dying prematurelyby almost one third.

Wine drinkers as a group hadsignificantly lower mortality from

cardiovascular disease and cancer.

2000 – Karolinska Institute

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Health Effects

Coronary Heart Disease

Cancer

Osteoporosis

 Alzheimer’s – Senility

Other

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Coronary Heart Disease

Blood-thinning properties

Reduces oxidation of LDL

Raises HDL

Reduces coronary artery spasms

Increases coronary blood flow

Reduces blood pressure

Reduces stress

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 “One glass per day for women,and up to two glasses for menmay result in a thirty to fiftypercent decrease in the risk of aheart attack.” 

Coronary Heart Disease

http://www.red-wine-and-health.com/html/health-risks-of-alcohol-abuse.php3

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CancerIn vitro or Epi Studies on:

Breast cancer

Prostate cancer

Oral cancer

Ovarian cancer

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 Vachon, CM et al. Association of Diet and Mammographic Breast Density in the MinnesotaBreast Cancer Family Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Preventio n. 2000 9:151-160.

Breast Cancer

• Mayo Clinic epidemiologic study of over1500 women.• Tried to correlate breast density with

consumption of fat, vitamins, carbs, andalcohol.• Alcohol - only substance to increase breastdensity in both pre- and post-menopausalwomen.

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Breast Cancer

2007 epidemiological study

More than 70,000 multi-ethnic women

 Alcohol consumption (no matter the source)correlated with increased risk 

1 – 2 drinks/day = 10% increase in risk 

Heavy drinking = 30% increase in risk 

 Arthur Klatsky. Kaiser Permanente Div. of Research. European Cancer

Conference (ECCO 14) Barcelona, Sept 28, 2007.

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Recent Articles from Scientific Lit:

 “Consumption of coffee, tea,fruit juices, or wine was not

associated with risk for breastcancer.” 

Hirvonen et al. 2006. Ann Epidemiol.

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Ovarian Cancer

 Australian study – 2002

 “Women who drink more thanone glass of red wine a day arealmost seven times less likelyto develop ovarian cancer than

non-drinkers.” 

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Osteoporosis

November 2000 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  –Creighton University

Study of 500 elderly women

Bone mineral density – 12 to 16%higher among moderate drinkers

than non-drinkers

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 Alzheimer’sSCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM – Nov 7, 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry 

In vitro study on Alzheimer cell line

40 umol resveratrol – reduced levelsof amyloid beta peptides by half 

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 V. HOUDE, D. GRENIER, and F. CHANDAD, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.

Presented at 2006 Am. Assn Dental Res. Annual meeting.

Red wine polyphenols havepotent antioxidant properties

which reduce oxidative stressmediated by periodontogenic

bacteria.

Periodontitis

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D. Baer. USDA-BARC. JAMA 2002.

Moderate, daily alcoholconsumption improved insulin

and triglyceride concentrations.

Diabetes – Type 2

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Bottom Line

Wine consumption has definiterisks and benefits.

Most healthy people who drink wine regularlyand moderately live longer.

Moderation is the key.

Correlation b/n alcohol and increased breast

cancer risk may be an issue.