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W l OF DtMOCtWiC DISCUSSION
N O . A P R I L 1953
B E C O M E A S U B S C R I B t : R / /
I " '-O'- wr-1 *0 ensure +' t y « ’! y l ' l reef <rp
ti.T j— • - • v>» j-. e^Mrtr1'' r 'ter w ’ Ic- J i .r , ie".c'
' ’•v t s c r -p t 4or "o ’ '!
’ ’i l 1 r — .r ten M rrs rjruc’ h . T / " v*’*?, t ’-crc -rp, sor<’ us I"/- , -our copy
wi'n vc rrov Tc-'-'lc.r1 '- 'o r the rext -’f ■ r . ?'/_ v i1! rr-' or ’ivc copies.
P' sc co " ■’cte +V- "orr '•<?••-// --1 3crr> j*to :-
: r . P. Tloorr,
1 6 , "■'i r
Jcprc "■‘ rcc-t,
F]( ' s/ rc-’v1 rr " T J^’ ^/.TTD5’" 'or 4ve w rt
1 ^6 ro rAVs , 'o r w' 4c> 1 c : closc __________
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L I B E R A l I O N A JOUPKAL OF DEMOCRATICriscussio '.
No, 2. April 1953.
F.FITA^H F^R A PA K I.U C T?. [\
Parliament ic surrcr.dcrlnp its ror.trcl over the rrc * i v
and the executive m y c o m ythi^r it lJVr.3........
"TIrre, where Ministers ore Lmb - d w« lh 0 pel r. s+rte mentality, who have developed the oroxTc to destroy the
cuthoritv altogether, this Bill 3 prrticularly darker ur. od- the maintenance or democratic l i f e . . . . . . . * ’
"Tomorrow wo shall be virtually in 0 police state. To
morrow the Government can proclaim the whole Union to hr in
a state of emergency without pivin*? any reason. It can
suspend every newspaper, adopt the most drastic measures to
curtail the frood'-m of every person, confiscate their property and suspend every law.
"Where a nation is willinp to surrender all th sove
reignty resident in the people of their own protection to c few members of the axocutive, wc ar. not "ar fr^m that
famous day when Hitlor proclaimed himself to t. the source
of all power and authority in the state.
"Yot, in spito of this abject surrender h Parliament if
its authority at the behest of a Nationalist G— crniscnt, the
opposition has agreed to support this rac>asur< . It did so
because it boliovod that Tviropcon authority rajst be main— tained in South A 'Y ic a ."
V/i quote these words, not froir a leading nrticle in
"Advance" or "Spark", but ^ o n the sfjccch ->r no tor Heaton
N icV 21s , leader of the United ffertj In the Senate, explain- ‘
ing on February 19th, 1953, why his perty wts eu^orting the
third reading of the Public .Safety Bill.* His w-rds mav well
go down in history as th. epitaph not only of the Ur.ited Pcrty, hut indeed, of the ITr.ion Parliament, itself.
A.. , t F rli; Tvr.t b: s "surrender d its c-'ntr'-l •
,»■ /w h i c h will be lucre r a tor1 b^rrc upm the
' ;... t this 5. nt surrc-dcr" vhic> tbc Stricter so
J v / u - cbr.rcctcris(d we.s * 1 0 'to the 'cM.< " *the.t. b--r pern
ruthnrit* must vc mnintalrcd ir S-uth Africa .
-r r , , ^ r H ^ - thati. the
£ r " ? W * v . * « • m o ^
>!«lor1:-lnc ri’fllit® «<• r hr.rsh r.n?
dlat.tor.Hp nvor the w - r t f * P< Tj™. . „ jv ' Vic- Thus, the TJr>5nr1 s Frrltonent h. s cl-«.. s
rrS n sber. F-/er, -r tfc.■ White
V •' rii ^ ^ c r n o ' has been she How err U n it e d . 'nch
• fccr^inp Prrl laniert he a H e n norr eutorratic and f " tTrir)i thrn its predecessor. Krch Prriienent has
,t^irc6 rnd added to the- ~nss of l e g a t i o n discriminating
! . t t i g e r i n g the screw of pressure
poldninlrr end farmtop plutocracy.
Y x v>fp-imc c" wsny e pr.st bitter peoples’ br there hr vc Her, democratic restraints find obstrc^ec to the
inDoslt-'or of r'Ved fascist dictatorship to South A rica,
STpeoplc hrvr h,,- MCCM to eovrts 1=» which, at a y t< In their upper levels, have enjo-cd ”“ » « o o _
todcocndenee . Th, South African prcrs, although nntrnvli r* h. s i frn controlled clrrast entirely hy those w.o h ^ c .1: f enurcrs r.srrrttol to ma tote m i nr tr.odcrn
s irvrrthrlcss onj-r-cd the freed™to.attack
n<r’ critic Isr the Government. Howe ver hrrood about >“ n i „ i„ 4 U r ihr- uorW rn 1 Trade Unionsinterfcrence an* lopis'atton, t,ne wnr « is
hnv' at least had the ripht to rrist.
The !>tlorelist Government has shown Itself vnc/easirrly , _ , ‘ ■ : : nt o< those> rights of the peep.o, lUCS
>1 low ‘ new,pa.K.rs_
subject to « M r f f W * «* 1- d iet . control.
■Tic-/.. .
- 3
They he-* « l l so, rri? continue to any -o wit .. -
blm tcns m f rudeness. They H- o ■
r.s do-llrhf. It is .holi-*-rectos In South ifplcr. nnd to cstn>>li«J o to ■
intic, dictatorship of the sort whi-h «...
In Gorminy between 1934 r.nd 1944.
The Ur,iter1 Party knows those- fbcts.
ccknowledped that "tomorrow wc sbali. be ;
stctc". Yet the United Pbrty* £ i c h cJ ;
to hove democratic pretensions, fcilc* to of - -
it hcs olwrys foiled nrd olwaya will r i , to 6 ...
principle, bccrvsc the bonrreois treV( > o> ^ . ■ ere interested not ir principles but in sup r ^ ; ■ -
the exploitation of cheap Inoour. ] 'choice, either o rcol democracy, or n peli n ,
chooses the latter.
The lesson is too pin in to bo m ^ m d e r e ^ • x ' .
those who arc hopelessly blinded .j v
Chou-inisTn ond colour p r c 3 ^ ic«- r-
(that is the maintenance gr^dr t 1 *n'tn the hrnds of o racial minority , tne o j ^ +, ,
poverishraent of the m jo rity ) is . J n c o n j x ; “
with the preservation of any sort of decern V.... _
o ' ideolopy - ever, in respect o the vh!tcs £ netion which oppresses others cor.not itsex b ;
a * the <\jturr or the peoples of So.th .t ; V ; ? ^
ond non-Europr.cn, ncr re cr 0 ^c. r-he- *r- Viurnl", -.- oolonr-hcr tlnitrd ftrty, by the co r - w r , *
thr.t B t t c r hy those scir-procloiBcd U t e r c - ;
conercl their owr m rn l £ £ :«ty dishonest chatter ebout a qtfl* -
T,d t®>
Ion??
the?A. 4
The tn s V , the duty find the honour of d e f nd irr
cherished l ib e r t ie s o f the South ^ J c ^ ^ P £ > P ^ v , TS
on other sh o ulders ; on the brood and vortn; . . c
the nesses o f n o n - ^ro pean w orkers, pr -sar .*
re o p lr , end upon thrt honourable m inority nmoi *■
TDperns u ^ ir h o V l y ond uncompromisingly takes up its
stcrd for eq” cl ity of rights end opportunities for all nen and women In our country.
These clc3.sc<3 , organised in the A 'Yican National Con- ■’7 1 ss , the .rf.rif Jnions, the S .A . Peoples Congress and
° ther democratic militant organisations of the people can.
clone take np the border of poplar liberties and the de
fences of the people which Parliament has dronoed into the mi rc.
^rcc-t development a in the Union, particularly the
uncocqv roM e spirit that mnnifested itself at the* mass
conference hold by the Congresses in Johrnnoaburg and the
Cap# Provincial A .F .C . conference at Fbrt Elirc1 rth, have,
mrdc it clear that the ordinary people of our country arc
pr-'pfcrc'1 to rnswer tlv call for sacrifices, cndurancc end
courage which the protrnctcd str^gplf' ahec^ will derend of them.
It is for their leaders themselves to prasp the' full earnestness of the- situation, to er st out ell traces o f ‘
indccislor. end vacillation. The Pc^iar-cc Crnpcign of 1952
has raised the liberation movement to unprecedented heights
of organised strength end political consciousness. This
alone h.-v 1,ecr; r Worthy ft*hievenent o r the campaign, and the
democratic people of South A r ie s will e.->ro^r rarrin under
a debt oe grotitadc to the gallant volunte, rs wt-'s'e. courage
and example bore inspired, educated and revived the nr>vom»>"t.
Indeed, hnd it not beer fir the resistance movement of the
non-Europcens, the Jtolanites would no dou>-+ r- Jonr ~r
a ccecdcd in setting up c fs'll-Hedged ‘'racist g‘ nte in' t*e Union.
But a Movement, ns f 1 . t - .st "-o %rvr.rd wit’ the
char.gij e nituatior, or g-> dove- to dt feat. It was never
* •*' * -iSf.f • thet the c'jnpaign vovld remain forever confined
<o the firs- stage cf gr-ops *f iv-’ ivid • 1 y 'luntcers ‘de
fying! selected laws of a minor character . *V>t on I1' dr.
the acvr*r provial >na of the Criminal laws •Ar.cndment S i H
- 5 -
nov rt.nder c ’ c ^n t^Jc n c c of the first stapo ir'rrccticoHjLc and
defectist, 'out, noTC important, thr. pres sir <* needs ■■■r the row
situation noVe it imperative ror the peoples' st.rvrple t r " t
new forrae V s o ^ on m s s rction in trvn end country r 1 ikr ,
Tho Nctiorr1 ist IVrty hrs snccee ;cd in ' IrcVTcilinp "lejycl"
authority to abolish the lews, frorc c wrctched osse^s/ly of
frightened men whose pretensions to be r. Fbrlicment 'f the
South African people have thus forever vrcn destrf-ed.
But before 'the Frtionclists err exercise those powers they
wiT’ hrvc to reckon with the twelve m illion South Africans,
vhon we of "lib eratio n " Vclievc, will never tr.nc3; »w t v ir
' cc' a to . servitude.
In shorn cortrast to these critter'1 realities n-nr fecinp
South Africa nre thr unrealistic , almost rrcr.rlikr, ar-'ecVes
and policies ^einr now placed before thr overwhelmin'!’ white
electorate in the present Genera! Elect ion. *o v- r* •, i. '-dec-:
r~> candidate , unfortunctoly , has come forward with c tr jly
denocratic policy advrrcinp the slop^n ">f ur.ivt ra-i fmncbis<
as the alternative to a Police State* ipet ‘ s t a l l , or "M-c^
for no” ( , as the real issue before South / i r i e r , -"h* elec
tions cannot, thcr< •'■••re, he r< arrded vs a decisive: field in
this major ‘'T t+le , vct this s**o’. Id no* imply that the demo
crats South A frica , whether or not cnfranchiser, can repnrd
the outcor.e of the election with indifference . k ere writing
on the eve of the election , at a tine when tat h it . rterty is
cordvctinp its c” store ry ouineyenniol conpe tition -rith the
Vrtionalists to see who can sin '- to lower dept as 's pot 1 in?
to the basest colour prejudices of the rlactori't .
pradinf antics cannot hut. undermine wuate Vi i l ip ’ i kv*. i l lu
sions mey remain, ot hone or o road, rs to t 'c *r *" - ‘ refe
cheractcr v" Mr. Strauss and his associe *. s .
The -"'act re.rrins that the ovrrw^cTr.iftr ur a ~ ' f v-f South
A-"V icon pe p V will rei~i.ee at the elcctnn 1 ir f M ■v" the ?'cJ *
hot N ca" se the’ * have any confidence i^ or i ! ”1 i3i',Tis a^ 'ivt the
s-.»cr -■>cd "hVited Tir.rr>cratic -lror,t " , hut tec esc the" rccop"ist
the Mclcnites r? the nos+ V u t o l and extreme entries of democracy. "he defeat of the T’rti'nails-: s , there f >rc, w hiV
i * /
'• Ji"1" rot • U s e 1 le*d to Hi- democratic rains, cannot
•, t. >•?* o si;i'ol"s end a; ere'‘ TS render4 to that ;-*so move
ment of tVe o*'T>ressed whic- »3om. cs1 achieve the trtie
emancipation of 'outh A'Yire " b . d a l b t ■ w a w .
■Jhatfvtr the electto? re? ' ; t, however, there car
■hr nn ■0 fipver,lr'p T'OW in the + er-’v ° r orparisatior,
v W »T ^0,1
z t j ! s s £ ? z l ? l s g r z * ? & ■ ■■every non-f • r .? o a ' an-’ O ' J : c- r n p t a r ars e r . j v r
rarticipent -in rnas? action - the.-v mist • < our slopens
for tv-r <35f ic’-lt end crucial uc<1 s at ’ norths ahead.
In order to rcr.li3r- the f- V prcvity -f the wittod.rcvcl of
the Arcriccr Seventh "1< ft. /Yn:. 'n r 'U r -rr hr s t~ consider It firstlv > or the historicr 1 events wMch It d to the witbdrrvr}
end secondly from the piir.t of view the t this step is Hit -pert n" the declrrcd Arcriccr policy to strp-np end 5*tc; s i 'v' the
wrrs rrpinp ir. Asi~.
President ^isenhove r 1 n 're'or is • s< quc1 1 r lonr list o '1
propertions m d rcturl ccts “ ' n r r c o a i r r v- ri: ct +hc : airland
ever since tin New China c>°re into ( iTi(j t T"< rs r . ...
"’irst the United Strtes oncour. < .c' tT c Chiar.f u i-^rtV ii * iv
nrvcJ. "orccs to ^ 0 1 cn ^Tocla f'c the Sovt — cat coast, owinp to the vipilxrce of the rhir< sr per.pi. tvis on sir >rh* v/fs
foiled. Ther the Americana d^cVred war a^ripst the people of
Koror which is Chirr’ s Inre r’irt ; eirhhoor end rt the arrt tire
occupied the Chinese Islrrd of i ^ a (' t t osr;. Tic facts n f
these r.ttemts "'nee rpair to e \-irve *he peoples / .- China rnd
Korea rr c wo'1'1 knowr to r 11. A 'ter r Ir^st three v x c tu ' ' vrr
in Knrer, **ufht with the aid of :: sut ^a - My -vjprriAr r il±t*ry
crchi-c, <he invr rVrs h-n-r orce rr-in V--r ^ ’orce'* to up
their original interti >^s. '"he losses s e a r e d by the -Tniied,
States soldiers n-nroxinf + r tc t’’e losses -s’lstr5"cd ’W Arericc
in the whole of the Inst world war.
»*wv. v.pv AT ’ rAT>. 'TT** W r . 'L ! * .--- “ — 5 In addition to this the’’- hcve rc-
pentodlv used their rir force, enre ed in the Koresrn war to in-
vnde the territorial air of Chir.r, ! orMr.p er ' Y A V ir .p Cheese
peonle. ‘Me rrc rt war with tie Chinese reds now” , te ste d
Senator Taft. Republican T,’loor leeder ir: the Sen?*1, ir! r‘ telr-
vision interview on IV r :ar " ‘-h. ' * H — ‘ +' ' *i*hurlar.> .3es "should have heen bomber: an*y months pro.
Besidos these na’ ed acts o '1 rrr -r< ion 1 A. rrlcrra vn~c
imposed a blockade on trade Kit’. Cl i V f hla-lrciland bullyinp tactics A'criccr -atd 5' ■ hr ' i rce- ; <n';
rltopether he® or to c ■ ' '1 tr^ r ■' _exarrple h a s heen th* i < !. ' u *<■'* r,] ourr <- vr r* «c
it A7. . .
* r • r t < r <-■? tnrv. fYo-n th* United
•'* 't C o r r e n r n't e thr "New York foctl?Tcr." nor ter -
" : .r.r ‘O " ' ' , Cor !er o ' .• Uvit..'■:* Cr.tr r: '’ +■
•' FL-*'••?., ndv*T> d • *.!*: " t? ' v'ocimdo a Ur-! + <^
""I !o-.s ”"’ i.!*.•'_■L, : •:+. th-t - to >•■£»+ poscifc?o hr h t:-, -''.itrH States to take it vp alon*
■ '• ’ ■ ,1-:/'"*ld me7orrair ind Sun" r.a■*.; the.L t^c or' • ’ec .-.’c ■ • ><• < lop let. 1 col1ov-ap of th. Forr— n ,ic„
c: J :o ' • r British will otjcct" it, said, "becmne thv\pT< f1o5rf- '■ li.Jc-r-.ivr business'with the P.- .ds. but that
v-- -f’ ro ‘ rt-o: when American lives are at sl ake".
j
Tr the neanwhile, Pritis* ship., -avr V.rcn stapood not ■ rw f ■■ (3 > ■ "lijrnp ’xii-SheV'3 warshipa ar*3 for cod to
■-.■’o-tl -o rosan ports t>< ir enrpo o*’ ctcol for China.
___I__ Li___s>__ Li'.l__' • • v,c ::r.ited .States is forcir.p
- r; to intensify the Coloriolist wars
i- w'itjsl .ic.■ a and Vlet-nair tad is 4 r” in '• to convert
• -r '’r' * r Asian countries into recruitinp prourds
c'r f-r‘ ' *£ircc c 1 their droconic policy of "Asians fipht Aslans".
r. lor usinp the peoples of Asia as victims
' -’ “ t " ‘ '> 'a tost weapons of annihilation. They used
*• f -rst ctor-ic ’•oiT'bs a pa ins t. Asians, they have now used 4 :.T 3i - rrr. ' orcibs and the dreadful napalm also apainst
•* 3 * furthr r they have used Chinese ana Korean
3 as Thuman puinoa pips' to carry outcrrt ■ ‘a 11* sts ! •
■ - to consolidate anH centralise their sinister
»'• vricar.:; have launched the Pacific bloc which in
v:T 1 ’ Tin.- the •wars at present rapinp in Asia and
' 1 -! 1 ‘••'irs tinder American corrmand.
' ■ ' > r of the withdrawal o r the "th Fleet from
or • r ptc3sivc acts ir Asir is sufficiently
explained/.
ocp>-tln< *' ’y r»o;>r other then rr.apor.s1Mc American le< d »r£
themselves. For instance, Serctor Sparkraen, the femocratje
nominee for 'riee-President, sc Id the! President Kisersho’.fer-s
order to ‘.he 7th Fleet "Ir e ' t at we vrl33 furnish or ua>-
*re'ti:- for err ; r*uv. ' ' ‘ the (.hire30 ”ntionalists ' i frbt m V d
■>r. the roestw.
f> no tor Alcxerdcr WiJc«, Cbrlrwn. o f the Senate Vcroirr
T.-p1 let ions “o; ritten in early Jc'miry colled upon Chian? Ka.i- Sri- to stcrt bomMnr Chirr-’ s reilvnys. ’’If Chinnp hfts imy str-. rpth at nl-", h« sold "and 3/r. is pcttin^ thr plena,} bo\iVJ r-'rr- * ' ■ -o". ,, .
f’nintse to inland. "
Axv o-’ course it is a ’nr vn art that the United States
!'i±itary KSisr or under General. Chase h' 3 be#n r'loervisinp the
trainin'--- rr.d deliver?’ of United. State j tci .:s, puns, lending
ernf t end cthor invasion c\,uipncnt. ' r'/ '
’’iral L\r one rust ret-ca>er D u lM ^1 recent d -deration thrt he cannot rnv-mpc pe"cc ra long Ccrru -.let verimes oxi3tin ore-third of th<> •'■'or Id . A d ' o 4:-e feet that the ucnur-
cirtion of t'->o V M r ."-r^r - rt Ly r i?rr ..c» r wrp fello^til Ir: a
statement by n < tnier icolvidc cf Japan announcing the aim to
"rere in tho former Jap-.ivnc tea r i f or ie t of Southsmi Sc V ha 1 in
:.r.d tho Kurilo la lends1,.
’-n PJ?ERT HCTffllbo;* SFTf.Kfr (J : ' : , . ' i
Icsi c«j j r readers heve e
mistaken N-liof tha t it is on.Tj the Communists who ace' err’l
-here r.o cuuot for anrrehcrsior orlst- let us rcJterS-rr the
statement of I.* t rbort Morrison vhoo politico! background Reed
r.oi be amplified here. Kr. Morrison eeo-’soe General Eisenhower
c 4 ‘’elmost" incJti^p Chicnp Kal—Sick to nttacK tfte Chinese an In
land. And he wjrnod the United. St.it - Covcrnacrt not to be
under cry illusion about the British pu1 lie opinion i f ssch an
ottoek took placo. 'n-/e should think", hr eeclared ''that it
liad arisen ^Von a mistekcn oolicy on the pert of t^e new
President and his Administration. Wo should ccrtainly think
it uronp for British rorccs to be onpaped in those operations -
should they occur".
Apirst this hecVrround of American desipns apainst the
p e o p le s /....
propies of CM ? -.re* Asia lit •. . rtcr'H. 'V- on-ropeate-
crcl rations rr ' nc. Ions >r +*'*■ part of the
Chii Cof. v co vl .
Alrced: o- ocf-ar>:on of tv first anniversary
of +'■<’ Few f'rire , Premier Chon tn-I/'i declared t ' 1 1.
the Chi’-esc proplr wanted to 'M i d their count in or?
c.n virorrent of ncacc and free fT'-'n threats. ^ t , <
wrr’ e.d, " i f the Ancrican r.rprcssors tr)-r this as a a im
of weakness or. the pert of the Chigoe people, they wi-1!
corMt the sent fatal Murder as the Kromintnnp r e a d ion
rr ’ -r. The Chinese poonl? crthnsiasticr’ 1:- love peace,
v,,*. r to defend recce, they nev< r have ' ecr. and
t,<- wi'1 ' hr; p-'mid 4 ■» oppose aryresaivr war. ry 3r people a’-rolitr 1 " will rot tolerate a0reipn
p* j j ’on, nor will the-- .-nr-cl- tolerate seeinp
t ir rcifh>'cvrs snv* pr.ly irvnded hy the inneria ' ists .
On the quest.ior of trade with other countries
-J— \v,- /.rETicans wart to put o stop to, Premier Chon
Er--(ai, in e report to China’ s Inter ip Parlianrnt said
ot. ; . 1T"rr • 4th, 1953:
" do not discriminate npainst any capitalist
country that is wiilinp to develop trade re-
l.'iMor. - with vs on terms of equality and mutual
f,(r .r fit. Vo believe that countries with dif-
fr '-’-.t Ejotar’s can co—exist peacefully. We
ri - ’ adhere to the policy of peace and oppose
«*eOJ cios of war and ap-ression. We arc will inp
rrr ir.c and establish trade relations, to
>vclop B peace economy jointly with all count
ries willing to maintain peaceful relations
with us".
yr _ A'~ noyr- / t 1 i ? k : '
tr,d or.lv at the end o r March once again Chou Vn-Ie
dcelcri t W p-. • -e eul intentions of the Chinese people
\'.i , r,--r !nf o' solution to the Korean war. As reported >; . »y. , . fuily !tail", he said:- "The North Koreans
have/
-asihove olvoys held - end eortioue to holO - t f e t j - ; - ’
to the prisnw r Question is to rr.pr r .. -- f
in view of the - fnct thct n o v V < 'p ^ ^ to riinthe only hnrricr to agreement, *e nrc - ^ f;r , rr.ist
the. differences on this questio
Koren".
Obviously thia stctcment hcs ^ ' % r+f . ' ^
♦ Vi A j yj'V
• fV . vf/ . 1
Obviously u x a ^ v- n 31* ^ c,, j r*+ V YcW pr .CCS **' v*- ^
'"Ipotrrr" v ^r 'o . -Toe.' r*x.vi r
„ * there i . roncm l r ;r i . Ir t h ^ < .. . .
"threat of feorc • S£ '=“ H r - t .r - t of '
profit W V, r nre - _ Jntt.r. :t>— to sStctcs (including DeforceJ, * , . - .,what these gentlemen crc fofcr t« » « r-
miB tryjMOST TASK S :
In the meanwhile it s h o v ^ **t a t h c jo r ^ n r < ^ 3 ^
the tv~.r re-0 ow n? peot>3 •’ ° - ■ jrnwsto detrend or irre^irte end to the Kor ^ q? ^
? r o r ^ J £ p S l S ° o f Chirr to t h e t e d
■-C must th . - '» '*Asirn people in the.r s ir
"Asir.ns ripht Aairrs .
VOT? .
Pv A. P. 0 T O f" .
Once Cecil Rhodes was ashed to define in o scntcncc
his policy for South Africa. Without thinking r*x>ut it
very much, hc^rtplied, "Equal rights for till white men
south of the Zambesi" • Later someone pointer1 out that
the African voters of the Cape would not like tbevuse of
the- "hraso "while men'1, so Rhodes, or soiwone acting qn
his behalf, amended the .slogan to read, "tqucl rights for
all civilised r. south of the Zambesi". ThV3 originated
the slogan which has since como to be tegarded rs epito
mising the C pe Liberal troditlon. It is oftraa descri’ cd
as Rhodes' policy, but i f Rhodes ever adhered to it at a ll,
which Is doubtful, he did so as n temporal— eloction
mr^oeuvre which he soon forpot avout.
Whet was the concrete expression of this famous Liberal
tradition? It was the carefully re p ’latrd "qualified
.fynnchisc" by wMch African and C'loured ir.cn who passer
certain tests were allowed to be voters. The tests did
not remain always the sane. They were raided fVom time
to time in order to ensure the' there should always be a
comfortable white majority. Uhe Q\in?i"ird franchise was
in '’act a rich man's .franchise., and due car< was tr>cn to see that the rich rcnoinod mostly white.
The Ct'pc Liberal system was merely a chapter in the
1*-la tor:* of white si’prcnocy and white exploitation in South
A rice. It was a less prim chapter than others and itj
closing was a matter for regret- revert:?*.. 1 .-js i+ was not
.different in kind from the other systems of white rule which existed then and have existed since.
i here is to-day a movement a ‘v>ot to revive the slogan
o f "E q u c1 rights for all civilised men" c*>d to restore the
"r allfled franchise” which once exist,< • in. thr Crne. This
TOVeaont is Aindinp son*, supnort amon*? Em 'T>orn3 who have b< on taught by the events p f V n }rat few years t»-ct sow
enrnpe in South Africa's political not-up is rxcessar; .
Its/. .... *
I s s roorters raise n number o ' orprments ir favour * f tht.1-
polic; as against. the nor-Europcrr H N .rr tory mnvorrrnt's trw v fi i or nill equality.
Firstly, they say tbet it is imposedlc to grant the:
franchise to uneducated people ^ocruse suer people not
understand hoy to vote or whnt issues ore rt str»' ir, p.r
c1 cction. rhis is cn argument w’ ich, thirty v, Cr\- a p , vo.;ld
hrvc I : s to be re ft’tod hj* ela'oreto thc-Tetkci orsw< >-•••. 'p-~ day, it can be 'Try briefly disposer’ «■% ->0 f , - . v : ..
granted to 11 literate people in the ear]- ■ ri - ■ + h.
TMon; it es airce boor prente : 14t < - f ■ -.-V
Hiperia and the Gold Coast. Ir, r rr o ' these c\ ♦- •- hcs'
chaos resulted. The fact is that vr^-cnte.- DCo p ] / ^ t 0n .V -
play more comnon ser.se about polities than serei-educated o, 03.
Then it is said that the eualified frenchis- nu*t bo '
adopted as an irrodirtc objective ’-ceruse P v n can opinio- will
not countenance anything mare radical, Tbcrt'-rr two answer*
to this argument. ^ii-stly, F .r-p-nn op: -.5 ,n will not support
oven the quoin it’d ftranchisc until it j.j f reed ti ,v so.
Scn-'jjdl". Eurorcans will have to rr err ell. c thcir^clvcs in*the
end to the universal franchise, arc the anoner thcv err fcr.iJi-
artsed with the idea, tho better. The tire is pest when the
European a, iroroly by sayir.r M-.rc do nat \ ’ it ", could tKrmoo- cntly hold up the progress of South Africa.,
lastly the feet* is expressed that if la.r'-c numbers -f
Africans arc immediately enfranchised, they will vote s c a n
/.tYic^n nationalist >loc, with the result the reeial hostility
will be increased. Tide is ccrtnirl; a real danger, but the
only way to c >nhat it is to abolish Ir'cririivic tion es quickly
an completely as po?aiv1o. The danger of African d»ouv<n’ sE
must renoin and increase as long as tho legitimate national
aspirations o f the Africans arc th\vurtcdf If we dc rot, wish
t- sec African nationalist b i ^ s operating ir> our politic *
tho m at obvious sten to take is to deprive such bloc's of their rcacon for existence by ending nattonel oppression.
T4 is not out. of stubbornnoss or unpractical idealism
thr.+ the non-Fur-'peon pooelcs’ movements demand full equality
- K -
and reject cry lessor concession. Their denrmd Is ^
rot orlv . r c W c r c t i c principles vMcb are ncceptcd the
unrld over, vut also or the bard facts o ' South A^r e.
histor’ . We hove qualified franchises before.
Y/vlie they Irsted they nid little to improve the lot of
ttJX.a, I f piopi . ^ ^ r 1h e „ .» st they orrotoa r privilefc^ w i < * ^ s . 1 .rt m time t- teW such steos as it srw fit to entrer.cn
its S s i t i o n rrre str,nPl . F-wer to the W s of o _
r t o ilt v 5 , usnlly abused. So it proved In South A race
' efdre rnd so it is l i ’-oly to prove a pa to. Tho-or*
wdv to build o real, stcM e democracy in South A is by udhcrinp simply end honestly to democratic principles.
______ oOo-- ——0Q0-
via £ ; / i u ^-. » ‘ Tiy Fcrrg^ey-. , ... ■■ y j j
m if* ’--me of tfhi**4»?'i *3 '.Mi ” 4*-•'r '•• a w ficoromI^t » p • r -
:K)C1 ve^ua’ ~ • oolrtrdes. V f' S f
n „ «„***•+•*"+ «e a corridor down th# eBSt'- I. i, . , ? 8S V ,s„ to her i
coes* o ' A r f" ViW* - ■ , i e!re H r f H as 6 r*«r & 3
■' ° n ! > '” '■ ’ . . . , ► • > ( « • oMrldor , : J •ose 'or 'orces cen 'w .1 <* ♦*• « t n l I M *between the Indian Ocean and **e i .p o r r ^ cc. m
stops round lake Victoria.
v M w o y-fiae or c> l e ^ r , art vtlve 1« to Kpr -a extorts, «s . British poo*- <;
Britain, and Kor a in return is r m r .
, <v._ + terrorise in Kenya today? Th«^v : 4?
the interests of the P » P ” » ■■ ■■ • , t 15. IX,jI,t nroersmiei
i t r ^ ex r tbet U t n m , equal e *K « t io » , denocracy, «q»- P»-» , . «
t i e r s , the repeal of rcpr. salvo W t o l a t K m . | g
Jts s i* leaders ore *
s r £ « % £ T S S T t i - ^ i t c ; ; T r m m m d i ^ * .
the I .A .n . end its lender, Jono Kiryattu.
There ia douht ahout the nctvrl r * is .‘.rce of ' * , ^ vIt * ,V w, that a,,oh a terrorist orPani*ticm docs er s t ^ assort
of Star, pane of the African strung ntwjp0per hoa.1-
J S T S X th . C c o , ™ » t
the Sau * n hed * * * * * * * S S S S ^ S T troops end police had til t ; , terrihlo svsteia of
TOre l a t o c o ^ t r a ^ ^ 2 - - a » Of
S S T S . .S 2 S S S their crops* and * £ , their stock their
weans of livelihood Lo “ r T ^ e ^ “ a f a . . . • '
'w" n r T S % n J v e Z incledinp 100 « « * , M M 1 » * « '
illegal/# *» • •
am
1 1 5 or- 1 neet 1
There In war tor’cy on Ke: rye's peop1' . I: 10 dc s rlor-a,
3 ,600 / ricars were arrest-' d in a r^ss drive: or the A< erdrrcj mountains. ' Coraponi''s of the Kira’ s African R iric3 arc’
platoons of the Ken-~. Rep'trent. ’-•oct their w ; ’ throvpfc
orrrctinp ever-' A rican they ound. In other erer.p, thou- 9
3Dnds art Met - trod* for qru r.tior lr*r. -It one rr Id on th<
R i ^ t’€ "H oy, 7 Afr'ea^s w. re arrested boccvcc c dcrd dap wrsjfl
found st.rurp up ir th< err: . Another tlr... r^rs ar.re'strj we ?<jM
ccrr5 d o- 1 ’ ■ ..... '.frii ars were aren hrci'dtr.’-J :r s,t 1 cl s a t «
a tic*sirf plare. Torr; ; s'-ire Pneillcrc p< v o ls tr’-nr.l nnc aboot or sfpht Kikuyu who "-reak the cur “cw rep ’latiens.
Police and reservists x'ire ar.d 'urn out lu&h lend plnntaticrsj
la thr rr rrythinr rore. cruel th~r this systi a o ’ ness
^urisvn:crt, of impounding cattle, seizinp crops, closing
schools, depriving thousands of wo"or rnd children of auy
'’or™ o*" livelihood?
!;cv rary of the "ire ivr rr'.rs 1 , n • duTi. p fcerya’ s e rre rprrc* were actual vlct irr> or a ' ccret society, rnd h^v
many were ardin. 17 cririral ac 'a , it 1 . » #t posaivlo to sa;--. .] '•ff • ‘ is tr:t ij that thr fiercc r- pres:.icr ir Kenya today i I vrT AIM'D AT A'-y ""'•P.''"' SCC.JE.r-f. ' 11 n.i-ed at putt top
under lock err? ko * ucyor.c who car. be r> pardod as a loader,
orp? riser or spokesman op the people* It is a' fret?:.'*—un, desieree' wit' 4.hr object o ' suppressing completely the.A ‘ricnr libera tic? !’ove rent,. It is c covi.r under which
to destroy t^e Kenya Africa T'r ion, whose leaders were
arrested withe?:t, r shred of evidence aj nlnat t'^m ,
".'T I /? "’ : 1 • ;
Fe ir-d the vt r ’ r,tween r’ritiah innerialisa
a '* the people that is today bcinp wnpud (at a cost of
dPSCy 0 r carl ) is the vasie i as o of lard. Kenya in an
O' rrwhrlTrim V crprrrian country - nore than 95 per cent of the population depend on apricu1tv.ro for a livinp.
I- Ke-u-a the: process of la: (,rpropriation or ’ulienatioH
that bepan in South Adrien 300 yecrs apo, has been cor.pie.ssod ] into /'ift” ’ ears. Ir 1901 there were only 13 white settlers 1
« . I . •
r ‘ . ................................................... " ' : ' -
'• r r ■' '» ' r:.;* .. i ■srv re u: ic„ of secohd-^cyt V.r . 2 • V sna<"
nine years - <Vor 1905 to 1 J U - 4 , '0 0 .0 ^ 0 c ^ V c t
alienated.were
r"1t ’ ^icrp.tinp* t/ns svi«t and V o t e ? . The M of the
* 1 '' ro ' fcrtile r.n< brat tviircd, was r a p # t i x u t .
■ .
vc;; rs rq«rttor3 on European -,vn .d land - lend U c t 1 ; ^ for -e-rr; io. . v-!(~rd to their forc-fr i.h rr. f.Vny 'he
"f.ijt wore orrrc1 through le-d axtftrgc to b®c£ta iob-'-rars to the new settiers*
^ e Kri.iV V s t 3 0 ° ,0v; r res o ' -heir n»ost fertile lard. The . ,3-i lost rest of r 11, tr:.-. v . r dcptiree of thr tr
3cr; ; • :v r rr o#* , r - vokon p o n s e s1 ® h -rc frw P'-rr^lels in history. Alter ■ s « ? *W o ' in-
eidenta during w* ich the Mrsal protests -rriously nt corees-
sions of t.ioir it *'(’ piv.-r to while settlers, the Government
rrdo r treaty with the* in 1904, by v> ich the settlers were
a. lower to cultivate specific'’ pcrts of \cr.d in the Rtft vrilcry.
The settlem soon began to der.end isore, me the GovcWircnt
tum od the Mesal out, transferring then to the border of*
Tanganyika. So the treat * was -rokcr, and the Ifcsoi'vorfc robbed of the % e t o.f their lend.
Agricultural IrVurers rr-ter on portrrcts which ifcitoil their nbacrce from the reserves .for nr r- norths of the ^ c r
The law m ow s for children of oil rfcs to be cmplo-ed ir
agriculture, with only one safeguard - thrt children under
Y rs » » * he accomprnicd by r r e s t iv e . The- ten estates, the tycnao gold nines, the sisal end c o ^cc plantations emplov nuch juvenile laVur.
Africans ore driven off the lcr^ l e n t o then h r a system
o hut and poll teres, similar to those in St,ytb Africa. V r ir
former method o ' shifting cultivation is no longer possible in
the reserves because of land shcrtcpc; ao the lend iaipontin-
X V ! r° pS’ bocorc3 esdicusted, and this leads to erosion.The fret thrt so many cdult w c le a must leave the reserves to
wor elsewhere for a wage means that mcny of the heavy forming
tp?iVs ■ t ir'! tc rood '’r.ruir; - the draining .".r/ fer-cinp,
♦"or ls'3fr.nre - ar< m u t a t e d , and poor ^crr.irp methods a dr1
to the erosion.
Thf old cry - s ■> ''m iliar in this country - is le v e le d
r+ the A frlcrrs: that their lane is ovnratocVod. TT’orciv !e
c lllnptircrrr-scs the peoples’ hitter rramtracnt.
tho t r Vipc dc - o rr fistrr.tion ccrti^icrtr, the hat'd
tpc. os'*. Th< kipende serves the senc purpose r3 the nrss
'r So'4«i t 'rice. • rust vf carried always, produced on
T'hjtre h..s hern sonr rrovrth o~ industry in Kcr^f in recent
vrnrs. • '-.-res arc usuoli” hep-1 below sv' sistc.-ce level, based
on the fcvth that the African work-t obt- ins partial sup^rt
•yif" :,’ is family Ir ft ir th r stv i s. In 1944, skilled
worve rs ' "reed an rverore >** A5 s h in in r 3 a north. unskilled
10 to 25 shillinps.
Ponestic labour is an important, pert, of Kcnyr 1 3 econorr .
The economist Varpa observed that one feat’ re of imperialisn in
decay is c tenderer "or workers to ’ peas -.'Vrr <Yon the sphere
of production into the sphere of circvla* ion rnd into the per
sonal service of 1 he. nil inf class’ . This is strikinply confirmed In Kcrva. In 1-<4j, l 'y of e ll A"ricens <rpi wed mt-
side the reserves w- r< in do"* stic service. In that year
~h< re wr 3 rn average of one servant for almost frvtrv white man,
w imn and child ir. Kenya.
U fo ur was conscript c : ir Kenya during the war, end this
war eonscr iption <*ircd the r: xirmim nur'ver ° f naif, servants in
*Tairobi.-n« three. f~>r a.-houach-*ld 0r’ one adult, f'o>j~ for 0 ^ouaejrojd of two adults.
Vo African in Kenya cm wori'
Of.
In
pcana, 24,000 L rv ' , 1
t.ndav thcr- are 30 ,000 Euro—
ana, and *>,250,000 Africans*Indians
"h < Covtrrjor, ' jv I etc -* i ’- Ior.don, has * rfective power.
H e / . . . .
Ve is cs'v* > , J' not >rftT ■»??C'’» :>y tft Eycc’-ttvf.
V.ur F'.rr'prrr r * . .*
IHK&Ir»t1 1 Couhc’41 wMri 5'vro^K;^
v-r" >r hrvc. ?•* r<-•.pr*;sp’*‘&3tivcs, Tr. 'l'cnn 6 , 2 , ' nr,*' *V ■
c' na 6 - r23 tto V ' r i n ■ e : ' r - '>r.inr te- » » o£ r^cct.r-?.
ZJ1 loccl Gpvorr: »rt is’ r?.s 't YVr p*. • ejeeit|rt- in certainrrrrs v/hf r< ‘’ ocr l ‘’rtive Councils hy -cMc-i's fr ier.r’1- to the
Govcrrne t, rr< o’Jnvr- to i p y 'V . 'sit they b-vf Ir-.r’ cq ictiE-' _
’ •r',s, r-v' ' r'( ;v-r.f1 entirely vnot, t»w t4S‘r1ct. romirilor:*'rs. V '
?h< Governor is ust’rl?;' Gppplsftl'41 far five yenrs, rw’ ">e«-■'■
T rr - 3 k r r n ’y or < ' ?'T> r-c2csi? ’r : *■' . •■. f ■ ' j 1 ■* r 5 .
Fv*r the Eur-pocn section of th'i Ixflffl? tivc Council ccfc
hrrr’ly be ccllcf’ rYnocrnt?c. They ore olcctef, it iff true,
vu+ only r a ;r 1! percentrpo of tie settlers crc rrfiate-r.r.!?
voters. Ir. the Gcncrrl Election of 1944» *or Instf-flce, the
tote] rusher o ' votes ccst vrs 1,465* *£• ^
T-pic-j. o'* thr ncmbcrs of t!r« Irflalr-ti^c Council is
Colonel* E . S. C-ropcn, ole’esi ncr.’icar - .7fl :*rrs o ! * * % ^
l ' 3t Tbver’xrr: " I r this ir rr" s’ lioft, "w 1 obviously it is ,
then cnyone tr\inp pert in it is f i l t y o4* tr.ocson ?nc*-<'§>c
proper punishnent ror thet is to bo hrnfc? by. the rccJc until
c!c r r\ "
The Colonel Regex’ : "About 100 of thr3c rrsoels" shoulc
be chcrpoc’ with treason, rn<* 25% of then hrrkfV in !r.'Rt of
thr. rerrin^rr, who should be scrt breV to the res< rrc s nto
tell the joy ^ ’l news to the others."’ & " j-' ’’ ‘ # i
■•■T iqg-’s -Ijj; M » . ,Kcnyn is ov;.r\i'> t ] f.iiir1y cr> cfrrrr J :r o'unti
- Tnorc thrn 95"f o ? thr ne^pulrtion depend on apric ilt-.r r. ’ o
1 Iv in * ,
r/-^tR rrp, GOIJ.;. ' %1 ° 2 2 sr.w the fir.it per ere3 etriVo in Sortya.
Since then there hr a been n continuous hiator^ .of labour
strugples/*,
- 20 -
struggles rr,e otterpter orprrisrtion. Tbc 1^22 strikers,
wv-o sot outside police hcr(*q” r.rtrrs In Nairobi holding
prrycr mcctirps nrS r’ enr.ntfinp the rclcosc. o'" their leader,
were fire'1 or by tbc police, one3 the t’cn*?. -nt* vounr’ct3 1 r.y
In 'tbc streets of Frirobi. The Chairmen of the organi
sation - the East African Association - was cV ported
without n tr5nl.
There werr two general striVes in MorVsr, in lc>39 nn^
19A4., which foc' ssc^ ottcntion on the deplorable livinp
corxMtiors, the terrivlc housirp, stcrvrtior wrpcs, lonp
ho rs worked, on'1 the irfringcnont by employers of their
leprl obliprtions. ’ The finr’ inps of r. CoErission en-
ruiry were kf.pt secret, Kit African cM ofe we re hurrier*
Jown to pacify the worVers.
Another general strike in Mainbrsr iv Ire ter1 for
twelve r*a’rs .
Thr East African Asrocirtlor was declare 1 illegal, i rs
leaders penalise-’. Put tbc i^e; of union hr--1 taker hol^
anong the people, a*'* w^rrc they coi-ld rot organise openly,
the:' orger<i3C'’ under prouhf5.
In 19A°, 2,'Y'O tr- snort wor’ ers str'cV for 16 (’ays.
Ir 1950 there wt<s a p< rcrol strike in FairoM in protest,
cprinst thr rrr; st o r the secrctri"’ and president of the
fi: t "ricr> Tr '’rs bn Ion Conpre s*, for net* tbc previous
vf v.r» '"’ is or gar is-' Mar. too, is now lllcpcl.
? : v CATION.r M on in Kenya hrs a 1 wave been largely in the
V w ’s of thr iMs.-ionrrics. ’rncr tbc lcn-" wcs opener’ up,
the ffisslonarios poured in to set rhout ror>verting tho
herther, rrd est- 15she sch-'ls to teach the «Ttcchisn am1
♦ nc il-.lc. ?*jss b\~-j :rs r< .v • i rtrerc^c* "ns the c’ ief
agcr.fca of Africa: cat jo1., ensuring that. t>e vnst najorit
of African3 • Vi 3 ' never be e'3ucato»J, Mid those who wrre.
waul V-o Pi tect.i • - b st 1 ^ar^trruis ideas '.
Ednc-Mo* f->r -r "■ rno is corrr laor” fror: 7 + o 15. - %
Indir-n/..........
- 2 1 -
M a n education is now compulsory for ell ir.n tm a
In towns. Not norc than Iff* of African ev il^rcn rrcei
ce vert ion at a l l , while no norc than .0?.". (ir 19A3) r r n c 'c r ’
ever junior secondary standere’ .
p°r rvrr- shilling the Government sponge on an African c* school, 350 arc. spent on the Furopccr chi1-' (194.5
'ig^ros). The afcpeitfituto on chilrYcn of school
? Z < rrVe'n n T " € 7 -6 nrr hcr' ^ on : rr-pecr*, ~n •/.fricans 500 tines less - 3 .07 shillings.
A largr proportion of African schools ere s u W n m + c ^
ilary arc bush sch-o]S; where the tccc’-cro have l it *1* c ^ c a t ic ’- arc’ no training an* the school is rorcl’ v i s i t s . vVfr, j.. clc.
nentar- schools much education is cY voter’ tc culti^rting srcll
parser plots err* ainnlr handicrafts, -r ’ the cMlr’rr - c^rra v ' r.rely literate.
In 1930, an inporta nt movement starte ’ among the Africa- to establish their own. schools, in^cpe n-V.r •* tvr 4 r
"he K^ : " u 'Y m a r ^ sec-lar schools, run cithf- Y- t h /A f r ic a ^
thenscl-ffs or thr govern: > nt. ~hr< " t i ^ Cm'mMls ac^oliv vote' £20,000 to est-’-'lie su c nr* tf Af 1e ■
offeree1 * 1 ] rrlr^ r»rc. rr.r cartel 00- 3. ~v V - X ' . f *h.
Government w- +0 --row d l their Weirht * r M r .' the missions
The ViVu-^3 retalirti •’ >y Sc H H up sch— ls in-'er n<*rut
of Government, rr / mission. The wrath of the authorities was
" r ' a+. Local TVtive Councils were rTevc-t, from *-r:kirp c'irrct grants to these s c ^ o l s . Irstv.etoT3 W r }„,rrl^
arrun^ to declare then uneatis'actor; .
With r e s t r i c t e d f - n ^ s , an-' the - r ? , f o f m o h r>- «< yet
t h e s e ineV pen den t s r h ^ o l s p r o p T c s s - . In ''«v< - e r r s . A3 werec s t a j is h e .r . p y 1 9 A6 , more thar* ICO were. v . in e - a Inf.- i n r J Yg t h e c o m . m i t y , in 1 9 5 2 , 3 ' n .
Fvcr'-wWre c l 9, , drcept among the Yjx:U t l opposition t*
the r;: is "ion schooig was ov» rcor e . Rut K C; use im porirliw
cr osea the mission as its ir.strirrnt '•■gainst inf’emne'ent
thinleing/.. .
- 2 ? -
t M r M r f w =u> jcct c o p n s , the M r*- *novcncrl reprraratc’ «Tr norc then r revolt . gainst e
teachings or c pertieulcr rissiom It vrs a -Tyner., o
rv*vtrcr *
t ,,.' -r the independent schools have been closed - on the
pr t a t that thev ore "Kcu feu" institutions.
AT* ICv, ? ,y, gT f *■ ^ frier <s ir.portart in the world today.
l c r a c l^ 'of ♦*« w o rld has been lost to the spectators, lost
cr-iteiisr,. First r sixth of the worIt3 wont out o their
h-r 's 'for nil tine - and they hove never cecae' trying to go
it VccV. Then large erec3 of highly-indi stric lse Europe
wort over to the s i ’e of socinlisr or" P«rcc- ^ eJ } ° T th‘ the vest lands of Chinr, with its huge population rr. the
oldest civilisation ir, the world.
All A sic is in fem o rt . Indie is no longer the hcppy
hunting grrur^ 'or British inpericlisn, thr treasure house
S t H fv .ee wrs. ifclayn ccnrot he wrested fron its own
peoples, in spite of rll the r i ? V t o ' modern r.il itrry werpons
nr' p o w e r . Vict-ncn continues to resist, the .r-t rit- ,i.vr.« e * .
K-ree hr.s not p f i B ’ f " to thcr, in spite o- the nos., terri lc
yfiT cT,cr to he fought*
Wbat is left?
Africa is left , with its vnst, still largely urexploited
r,r ' s of wealth, its ninernls end nrn-powor. Africa is
essential for those planning a third world wcr. ^ritein can
no lonrcr rcke th< op^crr.nee o r concessions to eoloni' ,
nroplcs. The l i1 arrtior covenant ^ K>nyfi mist hr supprcsse-
t:* r 11 costs - 03 in South A rice, Under thrsc conditions,,
thr cxcvse of r feu Ifcu, or of poisoned wr.tor eiy n school .or
firo*&gs - anythinr roes. And those who hclieve in progress
err' the -’ov- loprxnt of oil hunr.nitv eennot hesitate in trying
aides.
— 0Oo— - -oOo-——
~ Tr ' TW • : ■" TCWt! C?TjE3TI0t' •'i ' M """ '■ "
>11, .' I.,-.
JosoJh St.!In — • • »o p r o w ' r the U re Of the people whichThere is not a sin fLe spc^i «
escaned h is a tte n tio n .
, . or the rational andOne of these was ...s hirwel^ w&s horn a mm*«r
Colonial r-uestioo. ' :,p M B , Georcian, and under
0r an o ^ rM se .M i?r* ,!*■„' lE .'„«- le .are treated with the the Csarist empire, the ’ • .-at*on, which we non-SSOT sort o- conteipt and -.liter Ijraccution, _
E u r o p e are fanilier with in South i f . ^
fort, particular!/ noi SCDroaoh tboae problena ai
H a r e s ; . j r s & f f i t t S i .Ct h " ’ o f t i ^ r ^ f r relationship to the in t e n t io n .!
lahour movement.
v,« arose from a p a rtic u la r period of hist'
V c S rfta lS I! Bui not all nation." ware aqu.1- the period or GnpltQJ-sm# , ^ colonised anddeveloped . Those whic wore Basing h im self on
oppressed the P°°Plr ° & \ nation which oppresses others the theory of f©rr, tbet, n fv^t the labour move^ncon Itaolf ho <roo” , S « l in deelared that g » ^
in the dominant countries wust p o sitiv e ; They he
the rational liberation f 3uch an allianoc
a P ^ c y on the * o :
question of relations between rations.
niBper5jill3B w m o » liv, “ ; t ^ t tiolenc. and
Plunder, without bloodshed ar,; snoot r » , w a k ^~r, without bloodshed af ; ^ the vcak and,:Tha+ is the law of capitalist - to -cr ^ ^ ^ w a r d ,
a^Vvnrd. The wolf law of u«oycf'orc youon arn wnal’ , therefore von are in the ng ^
hr bcntcr, and su^jupnted. T « ' c m
yOW * * * • ’
- 24. -
you src in the right, therefore one must beware of you."
In his last classic work, "Economic Problems of 'Socialism in the U .S .S .R .," be shoved how the basic economic law of modem capitalism, the scarch for maximum profit operated!
"Through the enslavement and systematic rohbery
of the peoples of other countries, onpecially back
ward countirc3. . . . It is precisely the necessity of securing the maximum profits that drives nonopoly
capitalism to such risky undertakings as the enslave
ment and systematic plunder of colonies and other backward court ics."
Considerinp current events in Kenya, we may remember Stalin's words o r 1927, on the occasion of the British-bacVod coup d'ntat of Chiang Kai-Shek.
"British capitalism has always been, is, and will
continue to be the most vile cxc-cutioner of popu
lar revolutions."
Stalin sharply attacked and exposed the
type of "labour" and "Socialist" leaders in Britain, Pranec, and elsewhere who supported imperialism in oppressing colonial pooplc3. In their theory, he said:
"It was tacitly assumed that although it mightbe necessary to strive for tho emancipation of
the European non-aovercign nationalities, It was
entirely unbecoming for 'decent Socialists' to speaP scri.-visly of the emancipation of the
colonic:;, which were 'necessary' for tho 'preservation' n; 'civilisation'.
"These ap'lorji r' r Socialists did n<-t over suspect tha+ the < '1Mr*n of notioral oppressi^n ir 'Europe is lnccnceiw 1c without the emancipation of the colonial peoples of Asic and Africa from
+ '>r otmrcssior. o f ir.nrrirlisr
Tr +.Vic st)'tro f* r' lr r 33*-rtt'^e ri."ht of : r * ions Ut? v 3f ■> c'etcri-l-'J ior . Vtt o v t ’ Jrcr* thr.t "the r i p 1'* o f ec'. - - * " '
c'r*-cr’ irrtior i c m s 1 r.t >r3 *' rrtion itst’’ .: tlw ri*r * to cTc4rrr.irr its v*:- i- , f r.t no one '»r.f» ibn ^ :
to irtor >rc in the 1 .IV o" the nrt-ior, t : i^-stroy its * r-rr1 oxN r instil-’4:Jons, to viol:**c its hr'its -r< c"wtor:sr t's-
-rorr ;r> it3 ’.rrn-; c t e-’r t :i ' its r l H s . Hr pr*»lai.-4£ thr4 o nr tinn c.r ^ ( rrr.nro its ' ' c cecorr i t<r to its ''Vn v.’i }«I+ hr. s 4Vc r irV to corpToto secession. ”r * tons tr.c sc ■''oarr'i ?r rr;r r p nrtions rrr rovrl. " c c o'/et' ! ov; +h< icy "» repress- sior tt.s'■f *5 >or.-r g?'Ster of oppression to r ,s','st«.r of inoitirg • tion: -inst cre> * rr how ir tl r '^rw o o f cler.erti -•
civil rights - livitr.tior o* 'rocdor o ' ro^rrc"4-, 'isfrrncbise—
riprt - sue! - policy c^u-V ;s ® ' ' * * r r i r 1 "'^rtions, cm’ t' rert.ens to r r w tV,c c?” 3e of the uri*y- of the workers Jp
blood rnd trrrs.
Stclir. left ro roon '’or <■' vM , rv-o-:t the Jieer for nr.ti^jit?.
cqnel ity in r11 ♦’or: 3 - 3'rnnv rr, se! oo.ls, rtc. - c9 r.r ^sbrrtic? o‘,er'rnt in +hr solution o ' +hr rr + ior.rl prowler. Ir. tvi3 rr3-
»>cct hr s* ror.pl?* csTrrtc''' thr.t r. sii'tc-1: 1./ V x t ’ on corpVte
rc"ocrrrr in thf ^o’r * r ' v/cc reqn‘rec*, pr^hi'^i4 inf '. nr4 ion.*' pri’, i1 ••»*<*s v/itho^+ exception, c1 ' M ur* v'' eisft.'*5.?5'-' trs rrtj|.' res+rictions on the rip^ts of nctioncl pr:>*ps.
. ?, - 75
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Collection Number: AD1812
RECORDS RELATING TO THE 'TREASON TRIAL' (REGINA vs F. ADAMS AND OTHERS ON CHARGE OF HIGH TREASON, ETC.), 1956 1961 TREASON TRIAL, 1956 1961
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