xU fz;nzhl ;lk ; - Tamil Nadu Agricultural Universityagritech.tnau.ac.in/pdf/tnau publication_July 2008 Valarum... · bts;isj ; j' ;fk; vd ;W miHf;fg ;gLk ; gUj;jp 5000 Mz ;LfSf;F

tsUk; ntshz;ik $^iy 2008

1kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUj;jp cw;gj;jp – xU fz;nzhl;lk;

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jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

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bts;isj; j';fk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; gUj;jp 5000 Mz;LfSf;F

Kd;gpUe;nj ,e;jpahtpy; gaphplg;gl;L tUfpwJ. cyfpy; braw;if

,iHfshd ghyp!;lh ; kw ;Wk; nuahd; nghd;witfs; ,Ue;jhYk;/

g";rhiyfspd; Kf;fpa \yg;bghUshf 70 tpGf;fhL tiu gUj;jpapd; g';nf

mjpfk;. vdnt/ gUj;jp ,e;jpa bghUshjhuj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpwJ.

rpW kw;Wk; kpfr; rpW tptrhapfspd; thH;f;ifj; juk; cau gUj;jp tptrhak;

kpft[k; cjt[fpwJ.

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gUj;jp cw;gj;jp 28 ,yl;rk; ngy;fshf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; jw;nghJ 310 ,yl;rk;

ngy;fshf cah;e;Js;sJ. nkYk;/ cyfstpy; gUj;jp 80 ehLfspy; rhFgo

bra;ag;gl;lhYk; ehd;F tifahd gUj;jpiaa[k; rhFgo bra;a[k; xnu ehL

,e;jpah kl;Lnk. mjhtJ 6 Kjy; 120k; bek;gh] tiu E}w;ff;Toa E}y;fisf;

bfhLf;ff;Toa gUj;jp ,uf';fs; ,';F kl;Lnk gapuhfpd;wd. gUj;jpapd;

,j;jifa tsh;r;rpapdhy; 2010k; Mz;L 350 ,yl;rk; ngy;fshft[k;/ 2020y;

475 ,yl;rk; ngy;fshft[k; g";R cw;gj;jp mjpfhpf;Fk; vd fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfstpy; fle;j Mz;il tpl ,e;j Mz;L gUj;jp cw;gj;jp 3.0 rjk;

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mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,jd; \yk; cyfpd; bkhj;j gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy;

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Rkhh; 65 ,yl;rk; ngy; gUj;jpia Vw;Wkjp bra;J ehl;ow;F Rkhh; +.60/000

nfho me;epa bryhtzpia <l;oj;je;Js;sJ. gUj;jp cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpy; gy

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mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpy; cyfehLfis xg;gpLifapy;

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gphpf;fyhk;. mit/

1. Fsph;fhy ,wit gUj;jp gFjp


2kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

2. Fsph;fhy khdhthhp gUj;jp gFjp

3. nfhilfhy ,wit gUj;jp gFjp kw;Wk;

4. bey; jhpR gUj;jp gFjp

1. nryk;/ <nuhL/ nfhit/ jpz;Lf;fy;/ kJiu kw;Wk; jh]kg[hp khtl;l';fspd;

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gug;gstpy; 25.0 tpGf;fhL kl;Lnk ,g;gFjpapy; ,Ue;jhYk;/ bkhj;j gUj;jp

cw;gj;jpapy; 40 tpGf;fhL Fsph;fhy ,wit gUj;jp gFjpapy; ,Ue;J

fpilf;fpwJ. ,jw;F fhuzk; ,g;gapUf;F ey;y cuKk;/ kw;w

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tsh]r]rpf;F rhjfkha; ,Uf;fpwJ.

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rpf;fdkhf gad;gLj;JtJk;/ mLj;J tUk; Mog;gl;l ntshz;ikia

jhkjg;gLj;jhky; gUtj;nj gaph] bra;tJk; vspJ.

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bkhj;j cw;gj;jpf;F 8 tpGf;fhL gUj;jp fpilf;fpwJ. Rkhh; xU ,yl;rk; vf;lh;

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,g;gUj;jpapy; Kd;bra;neh;j;jpf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLg;gjpy;iy.


3kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

nkYk;/ bey; mWtilf;Fg; gpd; v";rpa[s;s cuk; kw;Wk; <uj;jd;ikia

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Vw;wit.

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khepy';fspy; 40 - 50 tpGf;fhL tiu rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ.

2002 Kjy; ,e;jpahtpy; gp.o. gUj;jp rhFgof;F mDkjp tH';fg;gl;lJ.

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rhFgo bra;a[k; ehlhf ,d;W ,e;jpah tps';FfpwJ. gp.o. gUj;jpapd; taJk;

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gaph pl Mh;tKld; Kd;te ;J cw;gj ;jpia cah;j ;jpdhy; ehl ;od;

bghUshjhuk; caUk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.


4kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

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gUj;jpJiw

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h]- 641 003

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kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahj njitahd ciliaj; jUfpd;w

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ekJ ehl;oy; kpf Kf;fpakhd gzg;gapuhf tps';FfpwJ.

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bfhLg]gjpy;iy.


5kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUj;jp bey; mWtilf;Fg] gpd; kPjpahFk; cuk; kw;Wk; <uj;jd;ikiaf;

bfhz;nl gapuhfp tpisr]riyf; bfhLg;gjhy;/ FWfpa fhy ,uf';fs; gaphpl

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gLnkahdhy; nkYk; mjpf gug;gstpy; gUj;jp gaph; bra;a tha;g;g[ cs;sJ.

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Edp fps;Sjy;

kz;zpy; mjpf cur;rj;J ,Ue;jhYk;/ mjpf cukpl;lhYk;/ njitf;F

mjpf ePh;ghrdk; bra;jhYk; gUj;jp brofs; mjpfkhf tsh;e;J g[jh;brofs;

nghy; MfptpLk; . ,ijf; fl ;Lg ;gLj;j Edpiaf; fps ;s ntz;Lk; .

,uf';fSf;F 15tJ fqtpYk; (70 – 80k; ehs;)/ xl;L ,ufg; gUj;jpf;F 20tJ

fqtpYk; (90k; ehs;) Edp fps;s ntz;Lk;.

mWtil

fhiy neu';fspy; g";R nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;. ed;F kyh]e;j gUj;jpia

kl;Lk; nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;. g{r]rp mhpj;j kw;Wk; juk; Fiwe;j gUj;jpia

jdpj;jdpna gphpj;J epHypy; cyh;j;jp juk; gphpj;J jiuapy; kzy; gug;gp

mjd;nky; gUj;jpia nrkpf;f ntz;Lk;.

nkw;Twpa El;g';fisf; filg;gpoj;jhy; ey;y tUkhdk; bgWtJ

jpz;zk;.


13kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

nfhil ,wit gUj;jp rhFgo bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

m. ,uhkyp';fk;/ e. rz;Kfty;yp kw;Wk; e. KUnfrd;

gUj;jp Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ jpUtpy;ypg[j;J}h] - 626 125bjhiyngrp vz; : 04563 - 260736

jkpH;ehl;oy; gUj;jp xU Kf;fpa gzg]gapuhff; fUjg]gLfpwJ.

jkpH;ehl;od; cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; kw;w khepy';fis tpl mjpfkhf ,Ug]gpDk;/

jkpH;ehl;oYs;s E}w;ghiyfspd; njitia (84 ,yl;rk; ngy;fs;) g{h]j;jp

bra;af;Toajhf ,y;iy. vdnt bgUfp tUk; njitia rhpfl;lt[k;/

Vw;Wkjpia mjpfhpj;J ekJ ehl;oy; bghUshjhuj;ij nkk;gLj;jt[k] gUj;jp

cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg]gJ kpft[k; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

jkpHfj;jpy; gUj;jp ehd;F gUt';fspy; rhFgo bra;ag]gl;lhYk; nfhil

,wit gl;lj;jpy; rhFgo bra;ag]gLk; bghGJ mjpf kfNy; jpwd; fpilf;fg]

bgWfpwJ. jkpHfj;jpy; Rkhh] 40/000 vf;lh] gug]gstpy; nfhilapy; ,wit

gapuhf gUj;jp rhFgo bra;ag]gLfpwJ. vdnt nfhil ,wit gl;lj;jpy;

rhpahd bjhHpy; El;g';fis gad;gLj;jp rhFgo bra;jhy; ey;y kfNy; bgw

Koa[k;.

nfhil ,wit gUj;jp rhFgo

Rtnu rpj;jpuj;jpw;F Mjhuk; - ey;y ,uf';fs; cah; tpisr]rYf;F

Kf;fpakhd mog]gil. vdnt ve;j xU gaph] rhFgoahdhYk; ,ufj; njh]t[

mjd; kfNiy eph;zapf;Fk; Kf;fpa bjhHpy; El;gkhFk;. ,ufj; njh]t[ vd;gJ

gaphplg] nghFk; gFjpf;Fk;/ gUtj;jpw;Fk; cfe;jjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

kJiu/ jpz;Lf;fy;/ nryk;/ <nuhL/ jpUbey;ntyp/ tpUJefh]/ jh;kg[hp/

jpUtz;zhkiy/ ntY}h] kw;Wk; flY}h] khtl;l';fis cs;slf;fpa

nfhil ,wit gUj;jp gFjpapy ; khrpg ]gl ;lj ;jpy ; gUj;jp rhFgo

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. gUj;jp gaphplg]gLk; bkhj;j gug]gstpy; 20 rjtPjk;

,g]gFjpapy; cs;sJ. gUj;jp bkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; 20 rjtPjk; nfhil ,wit

gUj;jp gFjpapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpwJ.

,g]gUtj;jpy; mjpf btg]gkhd jl;gbtg]g epiya[k;/ twl;rpa[k;

epyt[tjhy; twl;rpiaj; jh';fp tsuf; Toa ,uf';fshd vk;.rp.a[.7/

v!;tpgpMh]. 3 nghd;w ,uf';fs; Vw;wit. nfhilapy; bghJthf btg]gk;

mjpfkhf ,Ug]gjhYk;/ ,iyj;jj;Jg]g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhf ,Ug]gjhYk;

kfNy; bghpJk; ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,e;j NH;epiyapYk; v!;tpgpMh].2 ,ufk;

jj;Jg]g{r]rpia jh';fp tsh;tnjhL twl;rpia ed;F jh';fp tsh]e]J vf;lUf;F


14kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

20 Ftpz;lhy; kfNy; bfhLf;fpwJ. Mdhy; kw;w ,uf';fspy; vf;lUf;F 5

Kjy; 10 Ftpz;lhy; tiuna kfNy; fpilf;fpwJ.

nfhil ,wit gl;lj;jpd; gpd; gFjpapy; (Mdp-Mo) ePh] gw;whf;Fiw

Vw;gLk; ,l';fspy; FWfpa fhy ,uf';fs; rhFgo bra;a Vw;wJ.

,g]gFjpfSf;F vk;.rp.a[.7/ v!;tpgpMh]. 1 kw;Wk; v!;tpgpMh]. 3 ,uf';fs;

cfe;jjhFk;. ,e;j ,uf';fs; 135 ehl;fspy; ruhrhpahf vf;lUf;F 15

Ftpz;lhy; kfNy; jUfpwJ. nfhil ,witg]gl;lj;jpy; mjpf btg]g

epiya[k;/ jj;Jg]g{r]rp jhf;FjYk; epyt[tjhy; xl;L ,uf';fs; rhFgo

bra;tijj; jtph]f;fyhk;.

gpd;gw;w ntz;oa Kf;fpa bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

tpij neh;j;jp bra;jy;

njh ;e ;bjLf;fg ]gl ;l ,uf';fspd; rhd;W bgw;w tpijfis xU

fpnyhtpw;F 100 kpy;yp mlh] fe]jf mkpyk; bfhz;L g";ir ePf;f ntz;Lk;.

,jdhy; ,s";rptg]g[ fha;g ]g[Gtpdhy; ghjpf ;fg ]gl ;l tpijfs;

gphpf;fg]gLfpd;wd. g";R ePf;fk; bra;j tpijfis xU fpnyhtpw;F 5 fpuhk;

,kplhFnshgphpl; 70 lgps;a{. v!;. vd;w tpij neh]j;jp gt[lUld; tpij neh;j;jp

bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; gaph]fspy; tpijj;j 35 ehl;fSf;F rhW cwp";Rk;

g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjy; jtph]f;fg]gLfpwJ. ,t;thW tpij neh;j;jp bra;a xU

Vf;fUf;Fj; njitahd tpijf;F +gha; 300 tiu brythfpwJ. Mdhy; ,U

Kiw kUe;J mog]gJ jtph]f;fg]gl;L brofs; tPhpakhf tsu cjt[fpwJ.

Kiwahd cukply;

nfhil ,wit gl;lj;jpy; vf;lUf;F 80:40:40 fpnyh mstpy; jiH/ kzp

kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J cu';fs; ,l ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; moa[ukhf 40:40:20 vd;w

tpfpjj;jpy; tpijg]gjw;F Kd; ,l ntz;Lk; my;yJ tpijj;j 15k; ehspy; ,l

ntz;Lk;. kPjKs;s 40:20 jiH kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J cu';fis tpijj;j

45k; ehspy; ,l;L kz; mizf;f ntz;Lk;. nkYuk; tpijj;j 65 ehl;fSf;Fs;

itf;fg]gl ntz;Lk;. fhyk; jhH;j;jp cukpl;lhy; gaph] tsh]r]rp Fd;wp rhW

cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfspd; jhf;FjYf;F cl;gLk;.

,lh;ghLfSk; mtw;iw jtph;f;Fk; KiwfSk;

,g]gUtj;jpy; jl;gbtg]g epiy rhjfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; chpa fhyj;jpy;

kiH bga;ahky; nghtjhy; twl;rp epyt[fpwJ. nkYk; rhW cwp";Rk;

g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjy; Fwpg]ghf ,iyj;jj;Jg]g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; tpijj;j

ehspypUe;J mWtil tiu epyt[fpwJ. vdnt gaph] tsh;r]rp Fd;wp kfNy;

bghpJk; ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,tw;iw epth;j;jp bra;a twl;rpiaj; jh';fp tsuf;


15kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

Toa ,uf';fs; Vw;wit. ,e;j NH;epiyapYk; v!;tpgpMh].2 ,ufk;

jj;Jg]g{r]rpia jh';fp tsh]e;jnjhL twl;rpia ed;F jh';fp tsh]e]J

ruhrhpahf vf;lUf;F 20 Ftpz;lhy; gUj;jp kfNy; bfhLj;Js;sJ. Mdhy;

kw;w ,uf';fspy; vf;lUf;F 5 Kjy; 10 Ftpz;lhy; tiuna kfNy; fpilf;fg]

bgw;Ws;sJ. ,e;j ,ufk; 30ypUe;J 40k; bek;gh; E}y; E}w;Fk; jpwd;

bgw;wpUe;jhYk; ePz;l ,iHg]gUj;jpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLf;Fk;

tpahghhpfspd; mqFKiwahy; Ftpz;lhy; xd;Wf;F +gha; E}W Kjy;

,UE}W tiu Fiwthf gUj;jp th';fg]gLfpwJ. Mdhy; jw;nghJ 20-40k;

bek;gh; E}y;fSf;F ey;y tuntw;g[ ,Ug]gjhYk; ruhrhpahf Vf;fUf;F 8-10

Ftpz;lhy; kfNy; bfhLg]gjhYk; tptrhapfs; v!;tpgpMh]. 2 rhFgo bra;;J

mjpf tUkhdk; bgWk;go nfl;Lf; bfhs;sg]gLfpwhh]fs;.

elg;g[ rhFgoapy; cs;s vk.;rp.a[. 5/ Rg]hpah/ Rugp kw;Wk; m";ryp nghd;w

,uf';fspYk;/ jdpahh] fk;bgdp xl;L ,uf';fspYk; nkw;Twpa jj;Jg;g{r;rp

jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; twl;rpiaj; jh';Fk; jd;ik ,y;yhjJ kfNiy bghpJk;

ghjpf;fpwJ. vdnt chpa xU';fpize;j gaph; ghJfhg;g[ Kiwfisg] gpd;gw;wp

g{r]rp jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg]gLj;jKoa[k;.

� ntg]gk;g[z;zhf;F vf;lUf;F 250 fpnyh filrp cHt[f;F Kd; ,lt[k;.

� mkpy tpij neh]j;jp kw;Wk; caphpay; tpij neh]j]jp Kiwfshd

oiuf;nfhblh;kh tphpo xU fpnyh tpijf;F 4 fpnyh fye;J tpijf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� CLgapuhf FWfpa fhy gaW tif gaph;fs; rhFgo bra;J jj;Jg]g{r]rp

jhf;Fjiyf; Fiwf;fyhk;. cghp tUkhdk; bgwyhk;.

� tug]g[g]gapuhf Nhpafhe;jp/ Mkzf;F kw;Wk; Jtiu rhFgo bra;J

fha;g]g[Gf;fspd; jhf;Fjiyf; fz;lwpayhk;. chpa eltof;ifahf Kjypy;

ntk;g[ g{r]rp kUe;Jfis tug]g[g] gaphpy; kl;Lk; bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

� kf;fhr]nrhsj;ij tug]gpYk;/ tha;f;fhypYk; tpijg]gJ ed;ik bra;a[k;

g{r]rpfshd bghwp tz;L vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,jdhy; rhW

cwp";Rk; g{r ]rpfshd jj;Jg]g{r ]rp/ ,iyg]ngd;/ mRtpzp fl;Lg]

gLj;jg]gLfpd;wd.

� njitf;nfw;g rhpahd mstpy; rhpahd g{r]rp kUe;Jfis bghUshjhu nrj

epiyia fzf;fpl;L bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ighpj]jpuha;L kUe;Jfis

fl;lhak; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;.

� rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfshd jj;Jg]g{r]rp/ ,iyg]ngd; kw;Wk; mRtpzp

Kjypy; bjd;gLk;nghJ ntk;g[ 2 rj fiury; Vw ;wJ. mjpy ;

fl;Lg]gLj;jg]glhtpl;lhy; g{r]rp bfhy;ypfisg] gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.


16kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

kPijy; blkl;lhd; Vf;fUf;F 200 kpy;yp my;yJ ,kplhFnshgphpl;

Vf;fUf;F 40 kpy;yp bjspf;fyhk;. mRtpzp my;yJ ,iyg]ngDf;F

mrpl;lhkhgpiul; Vf;fUf;F 40 fpuhk; bjspf;fyhk;. fha;g]g[Gf;fSf;F

vz;nlhry;ghd; Vf;fUf;F 800 kpy;yp my;yJ Fnshh;ighpgh!; Vf;fUf;F

1000 kpy;yp my;yJ g[nuhgndhgh!; Vf;fUf;F 600 kpy;yp bjspf;fyhk;.

g{ bkhl;L kw;Wk; fha;fs; cjph]tijj; jLj;jy;

bghJthf vy;yh gUj;jp ,uf';fspYk; brog]gUtk; 45 ehl;fs; tiu

kl;Lnk ePof;Fk;. mjd; gpd;g[ g{ bkhl;Lfs; njhd;w Muk;gpj;J g{f;f

Muk;gpf;Fk;.tpijj;j 55k; ehspy; vy;yhr] brofspYk; g{f;fs; njhd;wp tpLk;.

mt;thW ,y;yhky; brofspy; jiHfshf tsh]e]J bfhz;oUe;jhy; ekJ

rhFgo Kiwfspy; cs;s jtwhd mqFKiwfns fhuzkhFk;. mst[f;F

mjpfkhf jiHr]rj;J ,LtJ/ mjpfkhf ePh] gha;r]RtJ nghd;witna Kf;fpa

fhuz';fshFk;. ,jdhy; gUj;jpapy; g{f;fs; brofspy; filrp gUj;jp

vLg]gpw;F gpd;g[k; njhd;wpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. tpijj;j 100 ehl;fs; tiu

kl;Lnk g{f;Fk; jd;ik ntz;Lk;. vdnt ehk; Kf;fpakhf filg]gpof;f

ntz;oaJ ehk; tpijj;j 75 ehl;fSf;Fg] gpd;g[ nkYuk; ,Ltijj; jtph;f;f

ntz;Lk;. 75 ehl;fSf;Fg] gpd;g[ ehk; nkYuk; ,Lk;nghJ jiH tsh;r]rp

Cf;Ftpf;fg]gLk;. mjdhy; Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; g{ kw;Wk; fha;fSf;F

bry;yhky; broapd; Edpf;F brd;W tpLfpwJ. vdnt g{f;fs;/ rg]igfs; kw;Wk;

fha;fs; bfhl;Lfpd;wd. brofspy; njhd;Wk; bkhj;j g{f;fspy; 50 rjk; tiu

cjpUk; nghJ kfNy; ghjpg]g[ Vw;glhJ. 50 rjj;jpw;F nky; bfhl;Lk ; nghJ

kfNy; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLk;. ,e;j g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; mjpfkhf g{f;Fk; gUtk;

xd;W cs;sJ. mjhtJ tpijj;j 75tJ ehspypUe;J 90 ehl;fs; tiu cs;s

gUtk; mjpfk; g{f;Fk; gUtk; MFk;. vdnt ,e;j gUtj;jpy; ehk; Kf;fpakhd

rpy rhFgo Kiwfis ifahs ntz;oaJ mtrpakhfpwJ.

1. kz;zpd; <uk; fhf;fg]gl ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf mjpfkhf ePh; gha;r]Rjy; TlhJ.

ePh] gha;r]rhky; brofis mjpfk; thl tplt[k; TlhJ.

2. tpijj;j 75 ehl;fSf;Fg]gpd; cukpLjy; TlhJ.

3. mjpfkhd jiH tsh;r]rp njhd;Wkhapd; g{f;fs; bfhl;l Muk;gpf;Fk;.

mtw;iw fl;Lg]gLj;j 75 ehspy; Edpia fps;sp tpl;L/ ehg]jypd; mrpl;of;

mkpyk; (gpshndh@gpf;!;) vd;Dk; tsh;r]rpia fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; jputj;ij 40

gp.gp.vk;. vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; jiH tsh;r]rp Fiwe;J

mjpfkhd g{f;fs; njhd;w Muk;gpf;Fk;. Edp tsh;r]rp fl;Lg]gLtjhy;

mtrpakhd Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; fha; fpisf;F brd;W g{f;fs;/ fha;fs;

tsh;r]rpia Cf;Ftpf;Fk;. gpd;g[ tpijj;j 90tJ ehspy; kPz;Lk; xU Kiw

gpshndh@gpf;!; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.


17kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gp.o. gUj;jp

nfhil ,wit gl;lj;jpy; fha; g [Gf;fspd; jhf;Fjy; Fiwthf

,Ug]gpDk;/ rpy neu';fspy; bghUshjhu nrj epiyiaj;jhz;o kfNy;

ghjpg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F gp.o. bjhHpy; El;gk; ey;y gaDs;sjhf ,Ug]gpDk;

jw;nghJ eilKiw rhFgoapy; cs;s gp.o. xl;L ,uf';fs; nfhil

gl;lj;jpw;F Vw;wjhf ,y;iy. mjpf btg]gk;/ jj;Jg]g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk;

kht[g]g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; ,tw;why; ghjpf;fg]gl;L Fiwe;j kfNny fpilf;fpwJ.

vdnt nfhilg] gl ;lj ;jpw ;fhd gp .o. xl ;L ,uf';fis fz;lwpe ;J

ijg]gl;lj;jpny tpijj;J rhFgo bra;jhy; ey;y kfNy; bgw Koa[k;.

gUj;jpapy; bghJthf xU g{thdJ fhahf Kjph]e;J gUj;jp btog]gjw;F

45 ehl;fs; MFk;. vdnt tpijj;j 55k; ehspy; g{f;fpd;w g{f;fs; 100tJ ehspy;

gUj;jp mWtilf;F tUk;. fha;fs; gpof;Fk; jd;ikia bghUj;J gUj;jp

btof;Fk;.

fha;fspd; Kjph]r]rp kw;Wk; rPhpa gUj;jp btog]gpw;fhd rpy tHpKiwfs;

vdnt ntshz; bgUkf;fs; nkw;Twpago fhyj;jpw;nfw;w/ vy;yh

NH;epiyfSf;Fk; cfe;j chpa gUj;jp ,uf';fisj; njh]e;bjLj;J/ cahpa

njitahd bjhHpy; El;g';fisg] gpd;gw;wpdhy; ey;y kfNy; fpilg]gJ

cWjp.

1. kz;zpd; <uk; fhf;fg]gl ntz;Lk;. gUj;jpahdJ twl;rpiaf;

Tl jh';fp bfhs;Sk;. Mdhy; mjpf kiHahnyh my;yJ

bjhlh]e]J mjpfst[ ePh] gha;r]Rtjhnyh Vw;gLk; ePh] njf;fj;ij

jh';fhJ. g{f;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fs; bfhl;l Muk;gpf;Fk;. vdnt

ePh] njf;fj;ij fl;Lg]gLj;j ey;y tofhy; trjp bra;J ePiu

tof;f ntz;Lk;.

2 fha;fs; rPuhf gUkdhtjw;Fk;/ g{f ;fs; bjhlh;e ;J

cz;lhFtjw;Fk; tpijj;j 75k; ehspy; xU Kiwa[k; 90k; ehspy;

xU Kiwa[k; 2 rj o.V.gp. fiuriyj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

3. rhk;gy; rj;J FiwghL cs;s epy';fspy; gUj;jp Kiwahf

btof;fhJ. fhw;W bfhz;L btof;Fk;. ,jdhy; gUj;jp

mWtil fodkhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdnt ,e;j Fiwfis ePf;f

tpijj;j 90k; ehspy; 1 rjk; bghl;lh#; fiuriy bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;.

4. fha;fs; gpof;Fk; gUtj;jpy; cz;lhFk; fha;g]g[Gf;fis

bghUshjhu nrj epiy tUKd; fl;Lg]gLj;j ntz;Lk;.


18kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUtk;

gUj;jpia bey; jhprpy;/ $dthp Kjy; gpg;uthp tiu ePh; ghrd trjp kw;Wk;

ey;y tofhy; trjpa[s;s vy;yh tif epy';fspYk; gaphplyhk;.

,uf';fs; : vk;.rp.a[. 7/ v!;tpgpMh]. 3/ vk;.rp.a[. 12/ m";ryp

tpij mst[ : g";R ePf;fhj tpij Vf;fUf;F 6 fpnyh

g";R ePf;fpa tpij Vf;fUf;F 3 fpnyh

g";R ePf;Fk; Kiw

xU fpnyh tpijf;F 100 kp.yp. mlh;fe;jf mkpyk; njit. tpijfis

gpsh!;of; thsp my;yJ kz; ghz;lj;jpy; nghl;L Fr;rpahy; fpswpf; bfhz;nl

mkpyj;ij rpwpJ rpwpjhf Cw;w ntz;Lk;. 2-3 epkplk; fHpj;J mjhtJ tpijfs;

fhg;gpf;bfhl;il epwj;ij mile;jt[ld; epiwa ePiu Cw;wp 3 my;yJ 4 Kiw

ed;whff; fGtp tofl;o epHypy; cyh;j;j ntz:Lk;. Fwpj;j neuj;jpw;F nky;

tpijfis mkpyj;jpy; itj;jpUe;jhy; tpijfs; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.

tpij neh;j;jp

xU fpnyh tpijf;F 2 fpnyh fhh]gd;lhrpk; my;yJ 4 fpuhk; oiunfhblh]kh

tphpo vd;w g{rz kUe;ijf; fye;J 24 kzp neuk; fHpj;J xU Vf;fh] tpijf;F xU

bghl;lyk; (200 fpuhk;) vd;w mstpy; mnrh!;ighpy;yk; vd;w Ez;qaph; cuj;Jld;

Mwpa mhprpf; f";rpiaf; fye;J tpijfis ed;whff; fyf;fp miu kzp neuk;

epHypy; cyh;j;jp gpd;g[ tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

tpijg;g[

epyk; bkGFg; gjkhf ,Uf;Fk;nghJ thpirf;F thpir 60 br.kP. (2mo)/

brof;Fr; bro 30 br.kP. (1 mo) vd;w ,ilbtspapy; xU rJu kPl;lhpy; 5-6 brofs;

,Uf;FkhW tpijfis tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. xU FHpf;F g";R ePf;fhj tpij vdpy;

3 tpijfSk;/ g";R ePf;fpa tpij vdpy; 2 tpijfSk; ,l ntz;Lk;. Rkhh; 3 br.kP.

MHj;jpy; tpijfis Cd;w ntz;Lk;. kw;bwhU KiwapYk; bey; jhpRg;gUj;jpia

tpijf;fyhk;. mjhtJ bey; mWtilf;Fg; gpd;g[ epyk; ed;F fha;e;j gpwF cGJ

ghj;jp vLj;Jk; tpijf;fyhk;. twz;l epyj;jpy; neuoahf tpijg;g[ bra;a ,ayhJ

vd;gjhy; ePh]ghrdk; bra;J gpd; bkGFg;gjj;jpw;F Md gpwF tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

,ilbtsp epug;g[jy;

tpijj;j 10tJ ehs;/ tpij Kisf;fhj ,l';fspy; kPz;Lk; tpijfis Cd;w

ntz;Lk;. g";R ePf;fpa tpij vdpy; FHpf;F 2-3 tpijfs; tPjKk;/ g"]R ePf;fhj

tpij vdpy; FHpf;F 3-4 tpijfs; tPjKk; Cd;w ntz;Lk;.

bro fiyj;jy;

tpijj;j 15tJ ehs; mlh;j;jpahd ,l';fspy; cs;s brofisf; fiyj;Jtpl

ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ/ tskhd kz;zpy; xU FHpapy; xnu xU jplkhd broa[k;/ tsk;

Fiwe;j kz;zpy; FHpf;F 2 bro ,Uf;FkhW guhkhpj;J kw;w brofis vy;yhk;

mfw;wptpl ntz;Lk;.

bey; jhprpy; gUj;jp rhFgo El;g';fs;

br.,uhjpfh kw;Wk; F. ntyha[jk;

cHtpay; Jiw



19kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

kz; mizj;jy;

tpijj;j 20 - 25Mk; ehs; fis bfhj;jp my;yJ kz; btl;o bfhz;L bfhj;jp/

fisfis mfw;wp mo cukpl;L kz; mizf;f ntz;Lk;.

fis eph;thfk;

tpijj;j 3 - 4Mk; ehs; fis bfhy;yp kUe;Jfspy; g[SFnshuypd; Vf;fUf;F

880 kp.yp. my;yJ bgd;obkj;jypd; Vf;fUf;F 1.3 ypl;lh; tPjk; bjspg;gjpdhy;

fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. fisbfhy;yp cgnahfg;gLj;jpa epy';fspy; 40 -

45Mk; ehs; xU iff;fis vLj;jhy; nghJkhdJ. fis bfhy;yp ,lhtpl;lhy; 2

iff;fis vLf;f ntz;Lk;. Kjy; iff;fis tpijj;j 20Mk; ehSk;/ 2tJ

iff;fis 40 - 45Mk; ehSk; vLf;f ntz;Lk;.

cu eph]thfk;

tpijj;j 18 - 20tJ ehspy; Kjy; moa[uk; ,l ntz;Lk;. Vf;fUf;F a{hpah 20

fpnyh/ Ng;gh] gh!;ngl; 75 fpnyh kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; 20 fpnyh Mfpatw;iw ,l

ntz;Lk;. Kjy; moa[uk; ,Lk;nghJ Vf;fUf;F 5 fpnyh Ez;q}l;lr] rj;J ,l

ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; Kjy; nkYuj;ij 40-45Mk; ehs; Vf;fUf;F a{hpah 20 fpnyh tPjk;

,l ntz;Lk;.

ePh; eph]thfk;

tpijj;j 20Mk; ehs;/ 40-45Mk ; ehs;/ 55Mk; ehs; ePh] ghrdk; mtrpak; bra;a

ntz;Lk;. 10-15 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw ePh]gha;r;r ntz;Lk;. tpijj;j 110 ehl;fSf;Fg]

gpwF ghrdk; epWj;jg;gl ntz;Lk;.

Edp fps;Sjy;

jz;od; 10ypUe;J 12tJ fqf;F Kd; Edpiaf; fps;sp tpLtjd; \yk;

broahdJ mjpf ,iytpUj;jp bra;af;Toa fpisfs; tsu tHptfpf;fpwJ.

gaph; Cf;fp ,Ljy;

gpshndh@gpf;!; vd;w gaph] Cf;fp kUe;ij Vf;fUf;F 40 gp.gp.vk;. vd;w

mstpy; (mjhtJ 40 kp.fp. kUe;ij 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J) tpijj;j 40 - 45

ehl;fSf;Fs; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. 15 ehs; ,ilbtspapy; kWKiw bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; g{ kw;Wk; fha;fs; cjph;tijj; jtph]f;f Koa[k;.

mWtil kw;Wk; nrkpg]g[

btapy; mjpfk; ,y;yhj fhiy ntisfspy; ed;F kyh;e;J/ tphpe;Js;s g";ir

nrfhpj;J/ gpd; epHypy; gug;gp cyh;j;j ntz;Lk;. btapy; mjpfk; ,Uf;Fk;

neu';fspy; g";ir mWtil bra;jhy;/ g";Rld; fha;e;j rUFk; xl;of; bfhs;tjhy;

mjid ePf;Ftjw;F mjpf neuk; brythFk;. g";rpd; njhw;wKk;/ epwKk; juk;

Fiwe;J fhzg;gLk;. gUj;jpia ed;F cyh]j;jpa gpd;/ mjpy; cs;s bfhl;ilg;

gUj;jpapid mfw;wp juk; gphpj;J nrkpj;J itf;f ntz;Lk;.

kfNy;

ruhrhpahf Vf;fUf;F 7 Ftpz;lhy;.


20kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

bts;isj; j';fk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; gUj;jpahdJ ehh;g;gaph;fspd;

murd; vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. cyf mstpy; 80 ehLfspy; gaphplg;gLk;

gUj;jp gug ;gstpy; ,e;jpaht[k ; (8.96 kpy;ypad; vf;lh ;)/ cw;gj;jpapy;

mbkhpf;fht[k; (4.62 kpy;ypad; bkl;hpf; ld;) kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwdpy;

irdht[k; (1115 fpnyh / vf;lh;) Kjyplk; tfpf;fpd;wd. ehl;od; Kf;fpag;

gzg;gapuhd gUj;jp njrpag; bghUshjhuj;jpy; Kf;fpag; g';F tfpf;fpwJ.

gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpah ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpy; cs;s nghjpYk;/ cyf

ehLfis xg;gpLifapy; mjd; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kpft[k; Fiwthfnt cs;sJ.

,jw;Fg; gy fhuz';fs; cs;s nghjpYk;/ g{r;rp jhf;Fjy;jhd; cw;gj;jp

Fiwtpw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk;.

gUj;jp fha;g; g[Gf;fs;

Vwj;jhH 160f;Fk; nkw;gl;l g{r;rp ,d';fs; gUj;jpiaj; jhf;fpdhYk;

,iy cz;qk; g{r;rpfs;/ jpRf;fs; cz;qk; g{r;rpfs; kw;Wk; rhW cwp";Rk;

g{r ]rpfshy; kl;Lk; 60 rjk; tiu cw;gj;jp Fiwfpd;wJ. ,tw;Ws; jpR

cz;qk; g{r;rpfs; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J gUj;;jpiaf; fhg;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.

gUj;jpapy; \d;W tifahd fha;g;g[Gf;fs; mjhtJ g[s;spf;fha;g;g[G

(<hpah!; tpl;bly;yh)/ ,s";rptg;g[f; fha;g;g[G (bgf;ondhnghuh fhrpg;gpay;yh)

kw;Wk; mbkhpf;fd; fha;g ;g[G (bQypnfhbth;gh Mh;kpb$uh) jhf;Fjy;

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; nrjk; Rkhh; 25 Kjy; 40 rjk; tiuapyhFk;.

,tw;Ws; Kf;fpakhdJ mbkhpf;fd; fha;g;g[GthFk;. ,f;fha;g]g[Git kUe;J

\yk; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ kpft[k; fodkhFk;. Vbddpy; ,g]g[G gytifahd

kUe;JfSf;F vjph;g]g[rf;jp kw;Wk; gytifahd gaph;fis cz;L thGk;

jpwid bgw;wpUg;gnj MFk;. gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; ,f;fha;g ;g[Gf;fis

Kf;fpakhf mbkhpf;fd; fha;g;g[Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j vt;tsnth Kaw;rpfs;

vLj;Jk; jpUg;jpfukhf ,y;iy. Vbddpy; ,g;g[Gf;fs;/ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

midj;J tifahd kUe;JfSf;Fk; vjph;g;g[ rf;jpia bgw;wpUg;gnj MFk;.

,r]NH;epiyapy; jhd; gp.o. gUj;jp fz;Lgpof;fg]gl;L tptrhapfspd; kj;jpapy;

xU tug]gpurhjkhf mike;Js;sJ.

gp.o. gUj;jp vd;why; vd;d>

gUj;jpapy; fha]g]g[Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j kugq khw;wj; bjhHpy; El;gk;

\yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l gUj;jp ,ufnk gp.o. gUj;jpahFk;. gp.o. vd;gJ ngrpy;y!;

gp.o. gUj;jp – xU fz;nzhl;lk;

,uh. ,utpnfrtd;/ kh. "hdnrfud; kw;Wk; bjh. R. ,utPe;jpud;

gUj;jpJiw



21kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

Jhp";rpad;rp!; vd;w kz;zpy; thGk; Ez;qaph] MFk;. ,e;j ghf;Ohpahtpy;

cs;s rpy kugqf;fs; g[Gf;fis bfhy;Yk; tp#j;jd;ika[ila g[uj \yf;

TWfis cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; jd;ik bfhz;lit.vdnt ,e;j gp.o. ghf;Ohpahit

neuoahf gUj;jp broapy; bjspf;Fk; nghJ gUj;jpapy; cs;s g{ bkhl;L kw;Wk;

fha;fis cz;qk; g[Gf;fis bfhy;fpwJ. ,jd; mog;gilapy; gp.o.

ghf;Ohpahtpy; cs;s tp#j;jd;ikia cw;gj;jp bra;aty;y kugqf;fis

fz;lwpe;J cah] tpisr]ry; jUk; gUj;jp ,uf';fspy; kugq khw;wj; bjhHpy;

El;gk; \yk; brYj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;lnj gp.o. gUj;jpahFk;.

gp.o. gUj;jp ,uf';fis cUthf;Ftjd; nehf;fk;

gy tUl';fshf gy ehLfspy; cs;s tp";"hdpfs; fha;g;g[Gf;fis

vjph]j;J tsuf;Toa gUj;jpia cUthf;f Kaw;rp bra;jdh;. ,Wjpahf

ngrpy;y!; Jhpd;$pad;rp!; vd;w kz;zpy; thGk; xU tif ghf;Ohpah gUj;jp

fha]g]g[Gf;fisj; jhf;fp mHpf;ff;Toa xU tif g[ujj;ij cUthf;Fk; fpiu

I v (rp) vd;w kugqit bfhz;Ls;sJ vd mbkhpf ;fhtpy ; cs;s

khd;rhd;nlh epWtdj;jpd; tp";"hdpfs; fz;lwpe;jdh;. gpd;dh] ,ij kugq

khw;wj; bjhHpy; El;gk; \yk; gUj;jp ,uf';fSf;Fs; brYj;jp fha;g]g[Gf;fs;

vjph]j;J tsuf;Toa nghy;fhh;L vd;Dk; gUj;jp ,ufj;ij cUthf;fpdh].

,g;g[ujj;rj;J gUj;jp g[s;spf;fha;g ]g[G/ ,s";rptg;g[f;fha;g]g[G kw ;Wk ;

gr;irf;fha;g;g[G Mfpa \d;W fha;g;g[Gf;fis kl;Lk; jhf;fp bray; ,Hf;fr]

bra;J mHpf;Fk; ty;yik cilaJ. gUj;jp ,iy nky; ,lg;gl;l fha;g;g[G

Kl;ilfs; bghhpe;J rpW g[Gf;fs; btspte;J ,iyia Ruz;oj; jpd;d

Muk;gpj;jt[ld; er]Rg]g[ujk; g[Gf;fis braypHf;fr] bra;J gpwF bfhd;WtpLfpwJ.

rpWg[Gf;fisna bfhd;W tpLtjhy; gUj;jpapy; rg;ig kw;Wk; fha;fSf;F

nrjhuk; ,y;yhknyna mHpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tif fha; g[Gf;fspy; kl;Lk;

gp.o. g[ujr;rj;ij cwp";rf;Toa 'cwp";rpfs;' cs;sjhy; mg;g[ujr]rj;J

,f;fha;g;g[Gf;fis kl;Lnk bfhy;YfpwJ. fpiu I v (rp) vd;w gp.o. kugq

njwpa kugq bghwpapay; Kiwahy; gUj;jp broapd; kugqf; Tl;l';fSf;Fs;

gpd;dp gpizf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW gpd;dp gpizf;fg;gl;l kugqitf; bfhz;l

gUj;jp broia Mjhukhf bfhz;L gpw gp.o. tPhpa xl;Lg] gUj;jp ,uf';fs; njwpa

gpd; ,dr]nrh]f;if (backcrossing) Kiwfisf; ifahz;L gRik Tlhu';fspy;

(Green house) cUthf;fg]gLfpwJ.

,t;thW cUthf;fg;gl;l gp.o. gUj;jp ,uf';fs; caph] bjhHpy; El;gtpay;

Jiw tp";"hdpfshYk;/ ,e ;jpa ntshz;ik Muha;r ;r pf ; fHf

tp";"hdpfspd; nkw;ghh;itapYk; fLikahd gy;ntWgl;l NH;epiyfspy;

nrhjidf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Wjpahf kugq bghwpapay; xg;g[jy; FG

ghpe;Jiuapd; nky; ,e;jpa Rw;Wg;g[wr; NH;epiy mikr;rfj;jpd; \yk; bghJ

tpepnahfj;jpw;F btspaplg;gLk;.


22kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gp.o. gUj;jp jhd; Kjd; Kjypy; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; EiHe;j kugq khw;wk;

bra;ag;gl;l gapuhFk;. ,e;jpa muR khh]r] 26/ 2002 md;W Kjd; Kjypy; \d;W

gp.o. gUj;jp tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fSf;F (vk;.<.rp.vr] - 12 gp.o./ vk;.<.rp.vr] - 162

gp.o. /vk;.<.rp.vr] - 184 gp.o.) mDkjp je;jJ.

gp.o. gUj;jp – tsh;r;rp

ng!py;y!; Jhp";rpad;rp!; (gp.o.) vd;w ghf;OhpahthdJ 1911Mk; Mz;L

kht[g ; g{r ;rpapy; b$h;kdp ehl;oy; cs;s Jhp";rpah vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy;

fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; ,e;j ghf;OhpahthdJ 1938-y; caph ]g{r ;rp

bfhy;ypahf gpuhd;rpy; tzpfKiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; 1992-y;

mbkhpf;fhtpy; ,e;j kz;zpy; thGk; ghf;Ohpahtpy; ,Ue;J g{r;rpfisf;

bfhy;Yk; er;Rg; bghUs; cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; kugqthdJ gphpj;bjLf;fg;gl;L/

mf;nuhghf ;Ohpah vd;w ghf ;Ohpaj ;jpy ; cl;brYj;jg ;gl ;nlh my;yJ

nehpilahf kugqj; Jg;ghf;fp bfhz;nlh gUj;jp gaphpDs; brYj;jg;gl;L

MW ,l';fspy; nrhjid bra;ag;gl;lJ.

gp.o. gUj;jpapd; tuyhW

1996 - gp.o. gUj;jpahdJ bghUshjhu hPjpahf mbkhpf;fhtpy; Rkhh; 73000

vf;lh] gug;gstpy; gaph; bra;ag;gl;lJ.

1997 - irdhtpy; Rkhh; 1 kpy;ypad; vf;lh] gug;gpy; gaph; bra;ag;gl;lJ.

1998 - 1.5 kpy;ypad; vf;lh] gug;gpy; mbkhpf;fh/ bkf;rpnfh/ M!;jpnuypah/

mh]b$d;odh/ irdh kw;Wk; bjd; Mg;gphpf;fh nghd;w ehLfspy;

gaph; bra;ag;gl;lJ.

2001 - 5 kpy;ypad; tptrhapfs; ,e;j gp.o. gUj;jpia gaph; bra;jdh;.

,th;fspy; 99 rjtPjk; tsh;e;j ehLfis nrh;e;jth;fs;.

2002 - ,e;jpahtpy; tzpfhPjpahf gp.o. gUj;jp tpw;gid bra;a

khd;rhd;nlh vd;w jdpahh; epWtdj;jpw;F mDkjp bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

2003 - gp.o. gUj;jp gaph; bra;ag;gLk; gug;ghdJ 86820 vf;lh; vd;w mstpw;F

,e;jpahtpy; mjpfkhdJ.

2007 - 34.61 ,yl;rk; vf;lh] vd;w mstpy; gaph; bra;ag;gl;lJ

2008 - kj;jpa gUj;jp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; Kjy; gp.o. gUj;jp ,ufk;

(gp.vd;.gp.o.) btspaplg]gl;lJ.

gp.o. gUj;jp – xU kugpay; ghh;it

,e;j ng!py;y!; Jhp";rpad;rp!; vDk; ghf;OhpahthdJ fpiu g[ujk; (gof

\yf; TW) kw;Wk; iQl;nuhiyl;of; tp#k; vDk; ,uz;L tifahd tp#j;

jd;ik bfhz;l g[ujj;ij cw;gj;jp bra;fpd;wJ. ,e;j tp#g;g[ujkhdJ 50


23kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

tifahd kugqf;fspd; \yk; cw;gj ;jp bra;ag ;gLfpd;wJ vd

fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; rpy kugqf;fis gad;gLj;jp gpd;tUk;

jdpahh; epWtd';fs; gp.o. gUj;jpia cw;gj;jp bra;J tUfpd;wd.

t.

vz;.

kugq cUthf;fpa

epWtdk;

gad;gLj;Jk; tpij epWtd';fs;

1 fpiu I vrp (Cry I Ac) khd;rhd;nlh

(nghy;fhh;L I)

kQpnfh kw;Wk; ,uhrp tpij epWtd';fs;

2 fpiu I vrp (Cry I Ac) kw;Wk;

fpiu II vgp (Cry II Ab)

khd;rhd;nlh (nghy;fhh;L II)

kQpnfh kw;Wk; ,uhrp tpij epWtd';fs;

3 fpiu I vrp (Cry I Ac) I.I.o/ fuf;g{h; n$.nf. tpij epWtdk;

4 fpiu I vrp (Cry I Ac) kw;Wk;

fpiu I vgp (Cry I Ab) g]a{rd; kugq

(irdh)

ehj; tpij epWtdk; kw;Wk; $%thhp tpij epWtdk;

tp#g; g[ujj;jpd; bray;ghL

jhtuj;jpy; ,e;j g[ujkhdJ er;R jd;ikaw;w totj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,e;j

g[ujk ; mkpyj;jd;ikapy ; fiuahJ. vdnt ,e;j tp#g;g[ujkhdJ

kdpjh]fSf;Fk;/ cah]tif caphpd';fSf;Fk; jP';F bra;ahJ. Mdhy; ,e;j

g[ujkhdJ g{r ;rpfspd; clYf;Fs; bry;Yk;nghJ m';nf fhuj;jd;ik

mjpfkhf cs;sjhy; er;Rf; bfhz;l g[ujkhf khwp g{r;rpfis mHpf;fpd;wJ.

Mfnt fha;g;g[Gf;fs; bro/ g{ bkhl;L kw;Wk; fha;fis rhg]gpLk; bghGJ

mit nrhh]t[w;W bray; ,He;J ,uz;L ehl;fSf;Fs; ,we;J tpLfpd;wd.

,e;jpahtpy; gp.o. gUj;jp

gp.o. gUj;jpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czh;e;j kQpnfh vDk; jdpahh;

epWtdk;/ khd;rhd;nlht[ld; ,ize;J ,e;jpahtpy; mwpKfg]gLj;j 1995-y;

Kjy;fl;l eltof;ifia vLj;jJ. 1996-y; 100 fpuhk; mst[ fpiu I v (rp)

kugq khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;l nfhfh] 312 gUj;jpapd; tpijfis khd;rhd;nlh

epWtdj;jplk; ,Ue;J bgw;W 40 Kf;fpa ,e;jpa gUj;jp tiffspy; may;

kfue;j nrh]f;if \yk; khw;wk; bra;jdh;. gpd;dh; ,e;j gUj;jp ,d';fisf;

bfhz;L ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Kf;fpa xl;L ,uf';fspd; bgw;nwhh]fSf;F gp.o

kugqit khw;wk; bra;J mtw;wpd; bray; jpwd; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ig

ghpnrhjpj ;J gpd; kugq khw;wk; bra;ag ;gl ;l gaph ;fis gaph ; bra;a

mDkjpf;Fk; FG (GEAC)/ ,e;jpa caphpay; bjhHpy; El;gj;Jiw (DBT)/,e;jpa ghJfhg ;g[ FG kw;Wk; kugqkhw;wj ;ij Ma;t[ bra;a[k ; FG

nghd;wtw;wpd; tHpKiwfSf;Fk; fl;Lg ;ghLfSf;Fk; cl;gl ;L khh ]r ;

2002-y; tzpf hPjpahf gaph ]bra;a btspaplg;gl;lJ. ,jd; bjhlh;ghf

bjd;dpe;jpa mstpy; 2007Mk; Mz;L tiu 68 jdpahh; epWtd xl;L


24kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

,uf';fSk;/ kj;jpa gUj;jp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; gp.o. gUj;jp ,ufk; xd;Wk;

bjd;dpe;jpahtpw;F tzpf hPjpahf btspaplg;gl;Ls;sd.

gp.o. gUj;jp kw;Wk; gp.o. ,y;yhj gUj;jp ntWghLfs;

2002-y; tzpf hPjpahf gp.o. gUj;jp btspaplg;gl;l gpd;dh; ,e;jpahtpy;

kQhuh#;l;uh/ kj;jpagpunjrk;/ fh;ehlfh/ Me;jpugpunjrk;/ F$uhj; kw;Wk;

jkpH;ehL nghd;w khepy';fspy; gaph; bra;ag;gLfpwJ. Mz;ow;F Mz;L gaph]

bra;ag;gLk; gug;gst[ mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl bry;fpd;wJ. 2003Mk; Mz;L

86/240 vf;lh] mst[k;/ 2004-y; 5/30/800 vf;lUk;/ 2007-y; 34/61/000 vf;lh;

gug;gstpy; gaph; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhd fhuz';fs; gpd;tUkhW.

1. ed;whf fha;g;g{r;rpfspd; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

2. fha;fs; cjpuhky; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

3. g{r]rp bfhy;ypfspd; msitf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ.

4. 20-30 ehl;fs; tiu taJ Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

5. kw;w caphpd';fSf;F vt;tpj jP';Fk; tpistpg]gjpy;iy.

gp.o. gUj;jpapd; Fzeyd;fs;

gp.o. gUj;jp broapy; fha;g;g[Gf;fspd; bghUshjhu nrj epiy tpijj;j

90 ehl;fSf;F gpd;g[jhd; njhd;wpaJ. Mdhy;/ gp.o. my;yhj ,uf';fspy;

tpijj;j 60k; ehspnyna bghUshjhu nrj epiyia mile;J kfNy; ,Hg;g[

nehpl;lJ.

1. gp.o. gUj;jpia mWtil bra;a[k;nghJ fha;g;g[G nrjk; bfhz;l gUj;jp

kpfkpf Fiwthfnt ,Ue;jJ. kw;w ,uf';fspy; fha;g]g[Gtpd; nrjk;

mjpfkhf ,Ue;jjhy; juk; Fiwe;J fhzg;gl;lJ.

2. kfNiyg] bghWj;j tiu gp.o. ,ufj;jpy; vf;lUf;F 14 Kjy; 15 Ftpz;lhy;

kfNYk;/ kw;w gp.o. my;yhj ,ufj;ij tpl 4 Kjy; 5 Ftpz;lhy; mjpf

kfNYk; bfhLj;Js;sJ.

3. gaph] ghJfhg;g[ brythdJ gp.o. gUj;jpia tpl rhjhuz gUj;jpapy; mjpfk;.

4. gp.o. gUj;jpapy; rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjy; kw;w gUj;jp ,uf';fs;

nghd;nw ,Ue;jJ. vdnt ,tw;iwg; gaph ;ghJfhg;g[ Kiwfisf;

filg]gpoj;Jf; fl;Lg]gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

5. gp.o. gUj;jpapy; mjpf kw;Wk; Fiwe;j kiH/ mjpf btg;gk; kw;Wk; mjpf

tsh]r]rp nghd;w rhjfkw;w NH;epiyfshYk; rg;igfs; cjph]jy; ,Uf;Fk;.

6. gp.o. gUj;jp fha;g;g[Gf;fs; jtpu kw;w g[G tiffshd g[uOdpahit

fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ.


25kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

,e;jpahtpy; btspaplg;gl;Ls;s gp.o. gUj;jp ,uf';fs;

fp .ghujp Fkhh]/ nfh. Rgh#pdp kw;Wk; r.,uh$uj;jpdk;

gUj;jpJiw


bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 2456297

,e;jpahtpy; gUj;jp gaphplg;gLk; kz;ly';fis \d;whf gphpj;Js;sdh;.

kugq khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;l gaph;fis gaph; bra;a mDkjpf;Fk; FGtpd;

ghpe;Jiuapd; nghpy; tzpf hPjpahf gaph; bra;a mDkjpf;fg;gl;l gp.o. gUj;jp

,uf';fs; fPH;f;fhqk; ml;ltizapy; kz;lyk; thhpahff; bfhLf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJ.

vz; fk;;bgdp / epWtdk;;

tl kz;;;lyk;; tUlk;

kj;jpa kz;;;lyk;; tUlk; bjd;kz;lyk; tUlk;

m';;Th] 651 gp.o.

m';;Th] 651 gp.o.

b$a; gp.o. 1 m';;Th]

tpijfs;

m';;Th] 2534 gp.o.

2005 m';;Th] 2534 gp.o.

2005

mf;fh gp.o.

2007

v.rp.vr; 33-1 gp.o.

v.rp.vr; 33-1 gp.o.

2006

v.rp.vr; 155 -1 gp.o.

v.rp.vr; 33-2 gp.o. 2

2 m$pj; tpijfs;

v.rp.vr; 11-2 gp.o.-2

2006

v.rp.vr; 21 gp.o.

2007

vk;.Mh;.rp 6310 gp.o.

vk;.<.rp.vr; 184 gp.o.


vk;.Mh;.rp 6304 gp.o. 2005

vk;.<.rp.vr; 162 gp.o. 2002



vk;.<.rp.vr; 12 gp.o. 2005


2002

vk;.Mh].rp. 6301 gp.o.

vk;.Mh].rp 6322 gp.o.

vk;.Mh].rp. 7301 gp.o. 2

vk;.Mh].rp 6918 gp.o.

2005

vk;.Mh].rp 7351 gp.o. 2

vk;.Mh].rp 7201 gp.o. 2

2006

vk;.Mh].rp 7160 gp.o. 2

3 kQpnfh tpijfs;


2006

vk;.Mh].rp 7326 gp.o. 2

2006

vk;.Mh].rp 7347 gp.o. 2

2007


26kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

vz

;f

k;;b

gd

p /

epW

td

k;

tl

kz

;ly

k;

tU

lk

;k

j;j

pa

kz

;ly

k;t

Ul

k;

bj

d;k

z;l

yk

;t

Ul

k;

4,

uhr

p tpi

jf

s;

Mh].r

p.vr

] 134

gp.o

.20

05

Mh;.r

p.vr

; 2 g

p.o.

2004

Mh].r

p.vr

] 2 g

p.o.

2004

Mh].r

p.vr

] 317

gp.o

.M

h;.r

p.vr

; 118

gp.o

.M

h].r

p.vr

] 20 g

p.o. (

_e

pjp)

Mh].r

p.vr

] 308

gp.o

.20

06M

h;.r

p.vr

; 138

gp.o

.M

h].r

p.vr

] 368

gp.o

.

Mh].r

p.vr

] 314

gp.o

.M

h;.r

p.vr

; 144

gp.o

.M

h].r

p.vr

] 111

gp.o

.20

06

Mh].r

p.vr

] 371

gp.o

.

Mh;r

p.vr

; 377

gp.o

.20

06M

h].r

p.vr

] gp 7

08

gp.o

.

Mh].r

p.vr

] 530

gp.o

. 220

07

Mh].r

p.vr

] 533

gp.o

. 2

Mh].r

p.vr

] 2 g

p.o. 2

5E

$pt

PL t

pij

fs

;v

d;.r

p.v!

; - 9

13 g

p.o.

2006

gz

;zp g

p.o.

2005

gz

;zp

gp.o

.20

05

vd

;.rp.v

!; - 1

38 g

p.o.

ky

;ypf

h g

p.o.

ky

;ypf

h g

p.o.

vd

;.rp.v

!; - 9

13 g

p.o.

2006

vd

;.rp.v

!; 9

50 g

p.o.

2007

vd

;.rp.v

!; 9

54 g

p.o.

vd

;.rp.v

!; 9

29 g

p.o.

vd

;.rp.v

r].g

p 990

gp.o

.

vd

;.rp.v

r].g

p 992

gp.o

.

gz

;zp g

p.o. 2

6f

';f

h f

hn

thp t

pij

fs

;$

p.nf

. 205

gp.o

.20

06$

p.nf

. 209

gp.o

.20

06

$p.n

f. 2

07

gp.o

.

7v

kh;b

$d

;l; b

$d

pof

;!;

gpu

k;k

h g

p.o.

2006

gpu

k;k

h g

p.o.

2006

8e

hj

; tpi

jf

s;

vd

;.rp.<

.vr

; 6 M

h; g

p.o.

2006

vd

;.rp.<

.vr

; 2 M

h] g

p.o.

2006

vd

;.rp.<

.vr

] 3 M

h] g

p.o.

2006

vd

;.rp.<

.vr

] 2 M

h] g

p.o.

2007

vd

;.vg

;.vr

].gp-1

09

gp.o

.

(fhr

pehj

;)

9n

$.n

f. t

pij

fs

;n

$.n

f. r

p.vr

; 194

7 g

p.o.

2006

n$

.nf

. tU

z; g

p.o.

2006

n$

.nf

. Jh]f

h g

p.o.

2006

n$

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gp.o

.

n$

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. <!

;th] g

p.o.

2007


27kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

RabjhHpy; bjhl';f tHp fhl;Lk; bjhiyJ}uf; fy;tp

nfh. bry;tuh$; kw;Wk; f. bry;tuhR

jpwe;jbtsp kw;Wk; bjhiyJ}uf; fy;tp ,af;ffk;

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-6611229

jkpH]ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; jpwe;jbtsp kw;Wk;

bjhiyJ}uf;fy;tp ,af;ffk; fle;j 2005-k; Mz;L Jtf;fg]gl;L gaDs;s

fy;tpapid ntshz;ik kw;Wk; ntshz;ik rhh]e;j bjhHpy; bjhl';Fnthh]

gad;bgWk; tifapy; rhd;wpjH] ghl';fshf tH';fp tUfpwJ.

,t;tpaf;ffj;jpd; tHpahf rhd;wpjH] ghlk; gapd;w vz;zw;nwhh]

ntshz;ik rhh]e;j bjhHpy;fshd kz;g[G cuk; jahhpj;jy;/ \ypif rhFgo/

ehw;w';fhy; mikj;jy;/ fhshd; tsh]j;jy;/ njdP tsh]j;jy;/ my';fhuj;

njhl;lk; mikj;jy; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfspypUe;J $hk;/ b$y;yp/ !;Fth!;/ $%!;

kw;Wk; CWfha; nghd;wtw;iw jahhpf;Fk; bjhHpy;fisj; bjhl';fp rpwg]ghd

Kiwapy; bra;J ey;y tUthapida[k; bgw;W tUfpd;wdh].

,nj nghd;W eP';fSk; ntshz;ik kw;Wk; ntshz;ik rhh]e;j bjhHpy;

bjhl';f ntz;Lkh > c';fSf;F rpwg]ghd gapw;rpa[k;/ rPhpa tFg]g[fSk;

njitah > ehl;od; KJbfYk;ghd ntshz;ik rpwf;ft[k;/ ntshz;ik

rhh]e;j bjhHpy;fs; nknyh';ft[k; ntz;Lkh ? thU';fs; tHpfhl;Lfpd;nwhk;.

c';fs; thH]t[ rpwf;f xsp Cl;Lfpnwhk;.

jkpH]ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpd; tHpahf c';fSf;fhfnt

rpwg ]ghd tifapy; fPH ]f ;fz;l jiyg]g[fspy; rhd;wpjH] ghl';fs;

elj;jg]gLfpd;wd.

1. gUj;jp kw;Wk; kf;fhr]nrhsk; tPhpa xl;L tpij cw;gj;jp

2. etPd fUk;g[ rhFgoj; bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

3. fha;fwp tpij cw;gj;jp

4. njhl;lf;fiyg] gaph]fSf;fhd ehw;w';fhy; bjhHpy;El;g';fSk;/ gaph]

bgUf;f KiwfSk;

5. fhshd; tsh]g]g[

6. gH';fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfisg] gjg]gLj;Jjy;

7. jhpR epy nkk;ghL

8. njdP tsh]g]g[

9. jplf;fHpt[fSk;/ kz;g[G cuk; jahhpj;jy; bjhHpy;El;g';fSk;


28kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

10. gz;izf; fUtpfs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpu';fisg] gGJ ghh]j;jYk;/ guhkhpj;jYk;

11. bjd;id rhFgo bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

12. gUj;jp rhFgo bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

13. my';fhuj; njhl;lk; mikj;jy;

14. etPd ghrd Kiw nkyhz;ik

15. \ypifg] gaph]fs;

16. buhl;o kw;Wk; rhf;yl; jahhpf;Fk; bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

17. etPd fis nkyhz;ik

18. fhl;lhkzf;F rhFgo kw;Wk; gnahOry; cw;gj;jp bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

19. kyh]fs; rhFgoj; bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

20. gl;Lg]g[G tsh]g]g[j; bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

� fy;tpj; jFjp : jkpH] ed;F vGj gof;fj; bjhpe;jpUe;jhy; nghJkhdJ

� gapw;W bkhHp : jkpH]

� gapw;rpf; fhyk; : 6 khj';fs;

� gjpt[f; fl;lzk; : +.1/500/-

� taJ tuk;gpy;iy

� neh]Kfg] gapw;rp tFg]g[fs; khjbkhU Kiw rdp my;yJ "hapw;Wf;

fpHikapy; eilbgWk;.

neh]Kfg] gapw;rp tFg]g[fs; jkpH]ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/

nfhak;g[j;J}hpYk; kw;Wk; ,g]gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpd; fy;Y}hpfs;/ Muha;r]rp

epiya';fs;/ ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiya';fs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf; fHf

njhl;lf;fiy ikak;/ brd;id Mfpa ,l';fspy; elj;jg]gLk;.

rhd;wpjH ] ghlj ;jpy ; nru tpUk;g[nthh ] 21.07.2008 -f ;F Kd;dh ]

ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; neuoahf my;yJ fPH]f;fz;l Kfthpf;F

+gha; Ie;jpw;fhd(+. 5.00/-) m";ry; jiy xl;oa Ra tpyhrkpl;l ciwia

mDg]gp tpz;zg]gg] gotk; bgw;W g{h]j;jp bra;J tiunthiya[ld; (DD)

mDg]gp nrh]e;J bfhs;syhk;.

nkYk; tpgu';fSf;F bjhlh]g[ bfhs;s ntz;oa Kfthp

,af;Fdh]

jpwe;jbtsp kw;Wk; bjhiyJ}uf; fy;tp ,af;ffk;

jkpH]ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;

nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422- 6611229/ 0422 - 6611429

kpd;d";ry; : [email protected]


29kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gp.o. gUj;jp - nfs;tp gjpy;

f. ,uhn$e;jpud;/ r. ,uh$uj;jpdk; kw;Wk; jh.ep#h

gUj;jpJiw

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 2456297

1. gp.o. vd;why; vd;d ?

gp.o. vd;gJ "ngrpy;y!; Jhp";rpad;!p!;" vd;w ghf;Ohpak;. ,J

,aw;ifahfnt kz;zpy; trpf;Fk; Ez;qapuhFk;. ,ij mog;gilahff;

bfhz;L gy tifahd J}s; kw;Wk; bjspg;g[ kUe;Jfs; gy fhykhf

cyfstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. 1901Mk; Mz;L $g]ghd; ehl;oy;

fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;L 1911y; b$h]kdpapy; bgahplg;gl;lJ.

2. gp.o. vt;thW bray;gLfpwJ ?

,e;j gp.o. g[ujk; ,iyfSld; nrh;e;J g{r;rpapd; tapw;Wf;Fs; brd;w gpd;g[

tapw;wpy; cs;s xU tifahd g{r;rpapd; g[ujj;Jld; ,ize;J g{r]rpapd;

tapw;iw fpHpj;J Xl;ilfis Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,jpy; ftdpf;fg;glntz;oaJ

vd;dbtdpy; ,e;j g{r]rpapd; tapw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; g[ujkhdJ ntbwe;j

caphpdj;jpYk; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. vdnt ,g;g[ujj;jhy; ntW ve;j

caphpdj;jpw;Fk; Mgj;J Vw;gLk; tha;g;g[ ,y;iy.

3. Kjd; Kjypy; gp.o. gUj;jp vg;nghJ gaphplg;gl;lJ ?

cyfpy; Kjd; Kjypy; 1996y; gp.o. gUj;jp gaph; bra;ag;gl;lJ.

4. ,e;jpahtpy; vg;nghJ gp.o. gUj;jp gaphpl mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ ?

,e;jpahtpy; Rw;Wr]NHy; ghJfhg;g[ nrhjid/ czt[ ghJfhg;g[ Fwpj;j

nrhjidfs; kw;Wk; tp#j; jd;ik Fwpj;j nrhjidfs; vd;w gy nrhjidfs;

(6-7 Mz;Lfs;) bra;ag;gl;L 2002Mk; Mz;L Kjd; Kiwahf gp.o. gUj;jp

gaphpl mDkjp tH';fg;gl;lJ.

5. mbkhpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J gp.o. gUj;jpia ,e;jpahtpy; mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;

njitah ?

gp.o. gUj;jp vd;W mbkhpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J gUj;jpia ,e;jpahtpy;

mwpKfg]gLj;jtpy;iy. ek; ehl;oy; Vw;bfdnt cs;s gUj;jpapy; gp.o. g[ujk;

kl;Lnk nrh]j;J ,e;jpahtpy; gaphplg]gLfpwJ.

6. gp.o. gUj;jpapd; gad;fs; ahit ?

gp.o. gUj;jpapd; gad;fs; gy. mtw;Ws; rpy gpd; tUkhW.


30kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

� gp.o. g[ujk; broapd; ,iy/ g{ bkhl;L/ jz;L nghd;w vy;yh

ghf';fspYk; cs;sjhy; fha;g;g[Gf;fis vspjpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

fha;g;g[Gf;fis ,uz;L ehl;fSf;Fs; mHpj;J tpLtjhy; gUj;jpapy;

nrjk; ,y;iy.

� fha;g;g[Gf;fis kl;Lnk mHpg;gjhy; kw;w ed;ik bra;a[k; g{r]rpfs;

Ez;qaphpfs;/ fhy;eilfs; kw;Wk; gaph]fSf;F ve;j ghjpg]g[k; ,y;iy.

� Fiwe;j mst[ g{r]rp kUe;J gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Rw;Wr]NHy; ghjpg]g[

,y;iy. nkYk; xU';fpize;j g{r;rp eph ;thfj;jpw;F Kf;fpa

m';fkhf tps';FfpwJ.

� fha;g;g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J ,sk; gUtj;jpypUe;nj ghJfhg;g[

jUtjhy; rPuhd gUj;jp broapd; tsh]r ;rp/ mjpf fha;fs;

cz;lhFjy;/ mjpf kfNy;/ jukhd g";R kw;Wk; mjpf tUkhdk;

Kjyhd ed;ikfs; tpisfpd;wd.

7. fha;g]g[Gf;fSf;F kUe;J bjspf;f ntz;lhkh ?

gp.o. g[ujk; 90 Kjy; 100 ehl;fSf;F fha;g]g[Gtpid mHpf;Fk; mst[f;F

,Uf;Fk;. gpd;g[ broapd; tsh]r;rpf;F Vw;g gp.o. g[ujj;jpd; mst[ Fiwa

tha;g;g[s;sJ. vdnt gUj;jpia fz;fhzpj;J bghUshjhu nrj epiyia

jhz;Lk; nghJ rhpahd mstpy; rhpahd kUe;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

8. gp.o. gUj;jp vy;yh g{r;rpfisa[k; fl;Lg;gLj;Jkh ?

gUj;jpia rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfs; kw;Wk; ,iyfis cz;qk; g{r]rpfs;

vd ,uz;L tif g{r]rpfs; jhf;Fk;. gp.o. gUj;jp fha]g]g[Gtpid kl;Lnk

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; jpwd; bfhz;lJ. rhW cwp";Rk; g{r;rpfshd ,iyg;ngd;/

jj;Jg;g{r;rp/ kht[g;g{r]rp kw;Wk; mRtpzp nghd;wtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;j/

mjw;nfw;w g{r]rp bfhy;yp bjspj;J fl;Lg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

9. gp.o. gUj;jp cyfpy; v';bfy;yhk; gaphplg;gLfpwJ ?

cyfpy; tsh]r;rpaile;j ehLfshd mbkhpf;fh kw;Wk; M!;jpnuypah/

tsh]e;J tUk; ehLfshd rPdh/ ,e;jpah/ ,e;njhndrpah/ \d;W yj;jPd;

mbkhpf;f ehLfshd bkf;rpnfh/ mh]b$d;odh/ bfhyk;gpah kw;Wk;

bjd;dhg]hpf;fh cs;spl;l 14 ehLfspy; Rkhh] 6.2 kpy;ypad; vf;lh] gug;gstpy;

gp.o. gUj;jp gaphplg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

10. ,e;jpahtpy; ve;bje;j khepy';fspy; gp.o. gapuhfpwJ ?

,e;jpahtpy; kQhuh#;l;uh/ kj;jpa gpunjrk;/ F$uhj;/ g";rhg;/

Me;jpug]gpunjrk;/ Qhpahdh/ jkpH;ehL/ uh$!;jhd; Mfpa khepy';fspy;

Rkhh] 36.94 ,yl;rk; vf;lh; gug;gstpy; gp.o. gUj;jp gaphplg;gLfpwJ.


31kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

mjpfgl;rkhf kQuh#;l;uh khepyj;jpy; kl;Lk; 20.0 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpy;

gaphplg;gLfpwJ.

11. gp.o. gUj;jpf;Fk; kw;w gUj;jpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghLfs; vd;bdd;d ?

12. gp.o. gUj;jp ghJfhg]g[ nrhjid ahit ?

kfue;jk; fyg]g[

gUj;jpapd; kfue ;jj ; J}shdJ ,aw;ifapnyna kpft[k ;

gpRgpRg;ghdjhft[k;/ gUkDilajhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;. vdnt kfue;jf;fyg]g[

jg]gpj;jYf;F tha;g]ng ,y;iy.

kz;tsk;

gp.o. gUj;jpia tsh]f;Fk; epy';fspy; kz;ghpnrhjid bra;jjpy; gp.o.

g[ujk; btFtpiutpy; rpije;J tpLtJ fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;

kz;zpy; thGk; Ez;qaphpfSf;F vz;zpf;ifapYk;/ bray;fspYk;

ghjpg]g[ ,y;iy.

t.

vz;

gp.o. gUj;jp gp.o. my;yhj gUj;jp

1 g[s;spf;fha;g]g[G kw;Wk; mbkhpf;fd; fha;g;g[Gtpd;

jhf;Fjy; 90 – 100 ehl;fs; tiu ,uhJ.

fhag]g[Gf;fs; tpijj;j 30 – 40 ehl;fspy; njhd;wp fzprkhd nrjk; cz;lhf;Fk;.

2 Fiwe;j mst[ g{r]rpkUe;J njitg;gLk;. mjdhy; Rw;Wr;NHy; ghjpg]g[ Fiwt[.

mjpfst[ g[{r]rpkUe;J njitg;gLk;

(vf;lUf;F +.7000–8000 tiu). Rw;Wr]NHy; mjpfst[ ghjpf;fg] gLfpwJ.

3 bkhj;j tajpy; 20 ehl;fs; Fiwt[.

Fiwt[ ,y;iy.

4 Kjypy; njhd;Wk; g{f;fs; fha]g]g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjy; ,y;yhjjhy; 90% tiu fha;fshf khWfpwJ.

Kjypy; njhd;Wk; g{f;fs; cjph;e;J tpLk;.

5 Rkhh; 15 rjk; tiu mjpf kfNy;.

-

6 fha;fs; rPuhf btog]gjhy; g";R vLf;f Fiwe;j neuk; kw;Wk; Ml;fs; njitg]gLk;.

rPuhf gUj;jp btof;fhjjhy; g";R vLf;f MFk; neuk; kw;Wk; bryt[ mjpfk;.

7 g";;rpd; juk; ed;whf ,Ug;gjhy; g";;rpd; tpiy mjpfk;.

fha]g]g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjyhy; g";;rpd; juk; FiwfpwJ. ,jdhy; tpiya[k; FiwfpwJ.


32kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

tp#j;jd;ik

MLfSf;F gp.o. gUj;jp kw;Wk; rhjh gUj;jpapd; ,iyfis czthff;

bfhLj;J ghpnrhjid bra;J jpR nrhjid bra;jjpy; ,uz;L tif MLfSnk

rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;jd. ve;jtpjkhd ntw;WikfSk; fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy.

gUj;jp vz;bza;ia ghpnrhjid bra;jjpy; mjpy; gp.o. g[ujk; ,y;iy

vd;gJ fz;lwpag ;gl ;Ls;sJ. nkYk; g p .o. gUj;jpia gad;gLj;jp

cUthf;fg;gl;l fhy;eil jPtd';fis gR/ vUik/ kPd; kw;Wk; nfhHpfSf;F

bfhLf;fg]gl;L ghpnrhjpf;fg;gl;lJ. Ma;tpd; Kotpy; gp.o. gUj;jp ve;j tpj

ghjpg]iga[k; Vw;gLj;jhJ vd cWjp bra;ag;gl;lJ.

13. gp.o. gUj;jp taypy; g[fyplg; gaph; Vd; gaphpl ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; vg;go gaphpl

ntz;Lk; ?

g{r]rp vjph]g]g[ rf;jp nkyhz;ikj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; gp.o. my;yhj gUj;jpia

(g[fyplg]gaph]) gaphpLtJ mtrpakhdJ. ,t;thW bra;tJ fha;g;g[Gf;fspy;

(g[s;spf;fha;g]g[G/ mbkhpf;fd; fha;g]g[G) vjph]g;g[ rf;jp cUthFtij

jLg]gnjhL gy Mz;LfSf;F fha;g]g[Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j cjt[fpwJ. ,e;j

njitiag] g{h]j;jp bra;tjw;fhfnt gp.o. my;yhj tPhpa xl;L gUj;jp tpijfs;

(200 fpuhk;) gp.o. gUj;jp tpijfnshL (450 fpuhk;) nrh]j;J tpw;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Rw;Wr;NHy; ghJfhg;g[ rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd;fPH;totikf;fg;gl;l

tpjpKiwfspd;go kugq bghwpapay; xg;g[jy; FG (GEAC) tpLj;Js;s

epge;jidfspd;go/ gp.o. gUj;jpia taypd; ikag;gFjpapy; el ntz;Lk;.

gp.o. gUj;jpiar] Rw;wp ehd;F gf;f';fspYk; Ie;J thpirfs; (my;yJ) bkhj;j

tpijj;j gug]gstpy; 20 rjk; ,jpy; vJ mjpfnkh me;j mst[ g[fyplg] gaph]

,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

14. gp.o. gUj;jpa[ld; CLgaph]fis rhFgo bra;ayhkh ?

gp.o. gUj;jpa[ld; kf;fhr]nrhsk;/ cSe;J/ ghrpg]gaW/ rpd;dbt';fhak;/

Jtiu/ bfhj;jky;yp kw;Wk; jl;ilg; gaW nghd;w FWfpa taJila

gaph]fis CLgapuhf rhFgo bra;ayhk;. ,jdhy; TLjy; kfNy; bgwyhk;.

15. gp.o. gUj;jpf;F ,iy \yk; cuf;fiuriy bjspf;fyhkh ?

gp.o. gUj;jpapy; fha]g]g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjy; ,y;yhikahy; Kjypy; njhd;Wk;

g { bkhl ;L fha;fshf khwp gUj;jpahf btof;f moa[ukpl ;lij

gad;gLj;jptpLk;. mLj;jLj;J njhd;Wk; g{ bkhl;Lfs; jpul;rpahd

fha;fshft[k;/ ey;y jukhd g";rhft[k; cUthf 2 rj o.V.gp. kw;Wk; 1 rj

bghl;lh#; fiuriy 60/ 75/ 90tJ ehl;fspy; ,iy \yk; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.


33kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

ek; ehl ;oy; 9.1 kpy ;ypad; vf ;lh ; epyg ;gug ;g py ; gUj;jp rhFgo

bra;ag;gLfpwJ. mjpy; 65 tpGf;fhL mjhtJ 6 kpy;ypad; vf;lh; khdhthhpapy;

gaphplg;gLfpwbjd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jpy; kfNy; epue;jukpy;yhjjhYk;/

gUtkiH bgha;g;gjhYk; tUkhdk; Fiwthff; fpilf;fpwJ. mjdhy;/ ,e;j

khdhthhp gUj;jp tptrhapfs; g{r]rp bfhy;ypfs;/ g{rzf; bfhy;ypfs; kw;Wk;

etPd cu';fisg; bgUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. ,g]gFjpfis m';ffg]

gUj;jp tptrhaj;jpw;F bjhpe;bjLj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jyhk;.

m';ffg; gUj;jp

m';ffg;; gUj;jp vd;gJ braw;if cu';fs;/ tsh;r;rp Cf;fpfs;/ fis

bfhy;ypfs;/ g{r;rp bfhy;ypfs;/ fha;fs; btof;fg; gad;gLk; ,urhad

kUe;Jfs] kw;Wk; g{rzf; bfhy;ypfs; ,d;wp cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLk; gUj;jp

MFk;. m';ffg; gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapd; nehf;fkhdJ njitahd kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;ghd m']ff ,aw;if ts';fisg; gad;gLj;jp ,yhgkhd Kiwapy;

ePz;l fhy mog;gilapy; gUj;jp cw;gj;jp bra;tjhFk;.

m. m';ffg; gUj;jp cw;gj;jpf;F gpd;gw;wg;glntz;oa bewpfs;

1. gaph] bra;a[k; ,lk;

mjpf fisfs; tsuf;ToaJk;/ kz; mhpkhdj;jpw;F cl;gl;lg;

gFjpfisa[k; mwnt jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;. kz; tsk;; mw;w gFjpfspy;

brk;ikg;gLj;jpa gpd; m';ff tptrhak; bra;ag; gad;gLj;jyhk;. nfhil

cHt[ bra;tjhy; g{r]rpfspd; Tl;Lg; g[Gf;fs; btspf; bfhzug;gl;L

mHpf;fg;gl cjt[tnjhL/ neha; Vw;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfisa[k; mHpf;f ty;yJ.

mjpf m';fff; fhp mst[ila epykhdJ m';ffg; gUj;jp cw;gj;jpf;F

rhjfkhdJ MFk;.

2. ,uf';fisj; njh;e;bjLj;jy;;

mjpf mst[ ,urhad cu';fs; njitg;glf; Toa ,uf';fisj; njh;t[

bra;af; TlhJ. jj;Jg; g{r]rp kw;Wk; fha;g; g[Gf;fSf;F vjph]g]g[j; jpwd; bfhz;l

,uf';fisj; bjhpt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. ehl;Lg; gUj;jp ,uf';fs; ,ay;ghfnt

g{r ;rpfSf;Fk;/ neha;fSf;Fk; vjph ;g ;g[j ; jd;ika[ilaJ. me;je;j

gFjpf;nfw;w gUj;jp ,uf';fisj; njh;e;bjLf;f ntz;Lk;.

m';ffg; gUj;jp cw;gj;jp bra;tJ vg;go ?f. r';fuehuhazd;/ Rg.khhpKj;J

kw;Wk; eh. nfhghyfpU#;zd;

kj;jpa gUj;jp Muha;r;rp gpuhe;jpa epiyak;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 2430045


34kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

3. tpijg; gad;ghL

m';ffg; gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; mkpy tpij neh;j;jp bra;ag;gl;l

tpijfisg] gad;gLj;j mDkjpf;fg;glhjjhy;/ g";R ePf;fk; bra;ag;glhj

tpijfisg; gad;gLj;j ntz;oapUg;gjhy; tpij mst[ mjpfkhfj;

njitg;gLfpwJ. nghjpa mst[ gaph; vz;zpf;if ngzg;gl ntz;Lk;. ,Jnt

tpisr;rYf;fhd Kf;fpaf; fhuzpahFk;. xnu rkaj;jpy; tptrhapfs;

midtUk; gUj;jp tpijia tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

4. cukply;

m';ffg; gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy;/ kz;zpy; m';ffg; bghUspd; mst[

mjpfhpf;f bra;tjhy;/ kz;zpd; ,aw;gpay; jd;ikfs;/ kz;zpd; mikg;g[

kw;Wk; kz;zpd; Cl;lr]rj;J mjpfhpf;f cjt[fpwJ. m';ffg;gUj;jp

tptrhaj;jpw;F kpf mjpf mstpy; bjhGcuk; njitg;gLfpwJ. ,jDld;;/

kw;w caph; cu';fisa[k; gad;gLj;jp/ bjhGcuj; njitiaf; Fiwf;f

Koa[k;. bjhGcuk;/ kf;fpaf; Fg;ig/ kz;g[Gcuk;/ gRe;jhs; gaph;fs;

gUj;jpapd; thpirfSf;fpilapy; gaphpLjy;/ caph; cu';fshd mrl;nlhghf;lh;

kw;Wk; mnrh!;ighpy;yk;/ gh!;nghghf;Ohpah kw;Wk; gaph; RHw;rp ,itfisg]

gad;gLj;jp gapUf;Fj; njitahd rj;J mspf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.

5. bjhG cuk;

kf;fpa bjhGcuk; vf;lUf;F 15 ld; vd;w mstpy; Kjy; cHt[f;F Kd;g[

,lg;gl;L cHg;gl ntz;Lk;. bjhGcuk; kl;fr; bra;tjw;F l]iunfhblh]kh

tphpo vd;w g{rzj;ijg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. kfNy; rPuhf te;jt[ld;/

bjhGcuj;jpd; msitf; Fiwj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;;.

6. jPtdj;jl;ilg; gaW

gUj;jpapd; thpirfSf;F ,ilapy; jPtdj; jl;ilg; gaW gaphplg;gl;L

40 ehl;fSf;Fs; kz;zpy; cHt[ bra;J kf;fr; bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;

gapUf;Fj; njitahd jiHr;rj;J g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; fpilf;f tHp

bra;ag ;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy;/ kz;zpy; cs;s Ez;qaphpfs; bgUf

cjt[tnjhL/ fisfis kl;Lg;gLj;j cjt[fpwJ. ed;ik bra;a[k; g{r;rpfs;;

bgUft[k; tHp tfpf;fpwJ. ,jdhy; xU vf;lUf;F 400 - 500 fpnyh cyh;

Cl;lk; fpilf;f cjt[fpwJ. ,jpypUe;J 10 - 12 fpnyh jiHr]rj;J gapUf;Fj;

njitahd rkaj;jpy; fpilf;fpwJ.

7. jf;ifg; g{z;L

jf;ifg; g{z;L taypd;; ,uz;L kPl;lh; Rw;wstpw;F mlh;j;jpahfg;

gaphplg;gl;L gUj;jp thpirfSf;fpilapy; 65 - 70 ehs;fspy; ,l ntz;Lk;.

kf;fpaj; jf;ifg; g{z;oypUe;J fpilf;Fk; jiHr; rj;J fha; tsh;r;rpg;

gUtj;jpw;F cjt ty;yJ. jf;ifg; g{z;L gUj;jp thpirfSf;fpilapy;

,LtJ \lhf;fhft[k;/ kz;zpd; <ug;gjk; fhf;ft[k; cjt[fpwJ.


35kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

8. caph; cu';fs;

gUj;jp tpijia mrl;nlhghf;lh; my;yJ mnrh!;ighpy;yk; 500 fpuhk;

bfhz;L xU vf;lh; epyj;jpw;fhd tpijia tpij neh;j;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;.

kf;fpa bjhG cuk; 25 fpnyht[ld; 2.50 fpnyh mrl;nlhghf;lh]my;yJ

mnrh!;ighpy;yk; fye;J epyj;jpy; ,lntz;Lk;.

9. fis eph]thfk;

ePz;lfhyf; fisfshd mUF kw;Wk; nfhiu glh;e;j tay;fs;

jtph]f;fg]gl ntz;Lk;. kf;fpa epiyapy; cs]s bjhG cuk] taypy; ,lg]gl

ntz;Lk;. Typ Ml;fisf; bfhz;L my;yJ khl;Lf; fyg;igiag; gad;gLj;jp

fisfs; ePf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. $%dpah; bfhj;Jf; fyg;igiag; gad;gLj;jpa[k;

fisfis ePf;fyhk;. $%dpah] bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig khLfshy; ,Gf;fg;gLk;

bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig MFk;. Ie;J Kjy; VG bfhj;Jfisf; bfhz;l ,f;bfhj;Jf;

fyg;igapy; bfhj;JfSf;fpilna cs;s ,ilbtspia khw;wp itj;Jf;

bfhs;s Koa[k;;. ,f;fyg;igiag; gUj;jp tpijj;j 40 Kjy; 45 ehl;fSf;F

nky; ghh;fSf;F ,ilapy; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L Kiw Xl;l ntz;Lk;. ,g;go

bra;tjdhy; brofSf;F ,ilapy; cs;s fisfs; ePf;fg;gl;L kz;

,sf;fkhfpwJ. gpd;dh; ehl;Lf; fyg;ig kw;Wk; rhy; fyg;igfisg;

gad;gLj;jp gUj;jpapy; kz; mizf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fyg;igia bfhz;L

xU kzp neuj;jpy; xU Vf;fh; epyj;jpy; cs;s fisfis ePf;fptpl Koa[k;.

,jd; tpiy Rkhh] +.2000 MFk;.

10. gaph; RHw;rp

kz;zpd; tsk; ngqtjw;Fk;/ g{r ;rp kw;Wk; fisfis kl;Lg;

gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gaph] RHw;rp cjt[fpwJ. mjpf rj;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;sf;Toag;

gaph]fis RHw;rpapy; jtph]j;J/ gaWtifg; gaph]fs; gaphpLjy; rpwe;j KiwahFk;.

gaph] RHw;rpapd; \yk; kz;zpypUe;J gut[k; nehiaa[k; fl;Lg;gLj;j Koa[k;.

M. m';ff Kiwapy; g{r;rp fl;Lg;ghL

gr;irf; fha;g;g[G/ g[s;spf;fha;g;g[G/ ,s";rptg;g[f; fha;g;g[G Kjypait

gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; Kf;fpa fha]g]g[Gf;fshFk;. gUj;jpapy; g{r;rp bfhy;yp

gad;ghl;oy; 55 rjtPjk; fha;g;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

l;iuf ;nfhfpuk ;kh vd;w Kl;il xl ;Lz;zp 2.5 ,yl;rk ; / vf;lh ]

gad;gLj;jpdhy; fha;g]g[Gf;fspd; jhf;fk; fzprkhff] FiwfpwJ. f]iunrhgh

vd;w xl;Lz;zpia 1-2/ brof;F tpLk; nghJ mRtpzp kw;Wk; jj;Jg;

g{r;rpfisf; fl;Lg]gLj;JtnjhL gr;irf; fha;g;g[Gtpd; g[Gf;fisa[k;

kl;Lg]gLj;JfpwJ.

gr]irf; fha;g]g[G itu!; fiury; 400 g[Gr] rkd; fyitia/ xU

vf;;lUf;F ehd;F Kiw/ khiy neuj;jpy; 5 - 10 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; gr;irf;

fha;g;g[Gtpd; ,sk; gUtj;jpy; bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Koa[k;. g[uOdpah

g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j 250 g[Gr] rkd;; fyitia/ xU vf;lUf;F bjspg]gjd;


36kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

\yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. ed;F tsh;e;j g[Gf;fis ifahy; bghWf;fp

mHpg;gjhy; g{r]rpfspd; bgUf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. mj;Jld; tphpe;j

rg;igfisa[k; me;Jg; g{r]rp Kl;ilfisa[k] ifahy; bghWf;fp mg;g[wg;gLj;j

ntz:Lk;. gwitfs; cl;fhh]e;J g[Gf;fisg; ghh;j;Jg; gpoj;Jj; jpd;d

trjpahf M';fh';nf gwit ,Uf;if fk;g[fis el;L itf;f ntz;Lk;.

1. ,df; fth;r;rpg; bghwp

,df; fth;r;rpg; bghwpfisf; bfhz;L gr;irf; fha;g;g[G/ ,s";rptg;g[f;

fha;g;g[G kw;Wk; g[s;spf; fha;g;g[Gtpd; jha; me;Jg;g{r;rpapd; elkhl;lj;ijf;

fz;fhzpj;J jFe;j g{r;rp fl;Lg;ghL Kiwiaf; ifahs Koa[k;.

2. tpsf;Fg; bghwp kw;Wk; k";rs; th;zk; g{rg;gl;l girg;; bghwp

tpsf;Fg; bghwpapdhy; gUj;jpapd; fha;g;g[Gf;fspd; jha; me;Jg; g{r;rp

ftug;gl;L nrfhpf;fg;gl;L mHpf;fg;gLfpwJ. k";rs; th;zk; g{rg;gl;l jfu

lg;ghtpd; nky; Mkzf;F vz;bza; my;yJ fphp!; jltp bts;is < kw;Wk;

jj;Jg; g{r;rpapd; me;J g{r]rpfisf; fth;e;J mHpf;fyhk;.

3. bghwpg; gaph;

g{r ;rpfshy; mjpfkhf tpUk;gg ;gLk; gaph ;fs; bghwpg ; gapuhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. gUj;jp taypy; Xug;; gapuhf Mkzf;F gaphpLk; nghJ/

g[uOdpah me;Jg;g[{r]rpfs; ftug;gl;L Kl;ilfis ,Lfpd;wd. ,tw;iw

vspjpy; milahsk; fz;L/ mHpj;J tplyhk;. Jtiu kw;Wk; nfe;jpg;

gaph;fis gUj;jpf;F ,ilapy; gaph; bra;a[k; bghGJ gr;irf; fha;g;g[Gtpd;

me;Jg]g{r]rp gUj;jpapy; Kl;il ,LtJ FiwfpwJ.

4. CL gaph;

cSe;J kw;Wk; kpsfha; CL gaph] bra;tjhy; gUj;jp fha;g;g[Gf;fspd;

jhf;Fjy; FiwfpwJ.

5. Xug;gaph;

jl;ilg; gaW Xug;gapuhfg; gaphpLtjhy; ed;ik bra;a[k ; ,iu

tpG';fpfshd fhf;rpbey;ypl; kw;Wk; rph;gpl; g{r;rpfspd; vz;zpf;if

mjpfhpj;J rhW cwp"]Rk; g{r;rpfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

6. tpUe;Jg; gaph]

kf;fhr;nrhsj;ij gUj;jp taiy Rw;wp gaphpLk;bghGJ/ fha;g;g[Gf;fspd;

xl;Lz;zpfSf;F tpUe;jhf mike;J fha;g;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j

cjt[fpwJ kw;Wk; rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfSf;F jLg;g[g; gapuhft[k; mikfpwJ.

,. cHtpay; Kiwfs;

1. gaph]RHw;rp

gUj;jpapy; kf;fhr]nrhsk; my;yJ nrhsk; bfhz;L gaph]RHw;rp bra;tjhy;


37kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

bts;is </ fha;g;g[G/ kz; tHpg] gut[k; g{r]rpfs; kw;Wk; Ehw;g[Gf;fs;

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

2. tUlk; xU gaph;

tUlj;jpw;F xU Kiwjhd; gUj;jp gaphpl ntz;Lk;. tUlj;jpw;F ,U

gaph; ,Ljy; kw;Wk; kW jhk;g[g; gaph; tpLjy; nghd;wit jtph;f;fg;gl

ntz;Lk;.

3. jFe;j ,ilbtspapy; gaphpLjy;

mjpf mlh;j;jpa[ld; bro ,Uj;jy; kw;Wk; FWfpa ,ilbtspapy;

eLtjpdhy; fha;g;g[Gf;fs;; jhf;Fjy; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. jFe;j ,ilbtspapy;

gaph;fs; elg;gl ntz;Lk;.

4. cu eph;thfk;

kz; Ma;t[ ghpe;Jiuapd;go njitahd mst[ rj;Jfs; m';ff Kiwapy;

,lg;gl ntz;Lk;. mjpf mst[ jiHr;rj;J ,Ltjhy; gaphpd; tsh;r;rp

mjpfkhfp g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha; jhf;Fjy;fSf;F cs;shfpwJ.

5. gUj;jp taypy; Jha;ik ngqjy;

nfhil cHt[ bra;tjpdhy; Tl;Lg;g[G gUtj;jpy; cs;s g{r;rpfs;

btspf;bfhzug;gl;LmHpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fisfis ePf;fp Rj;jkhf

itj;jpUg;gjpdhy;/ g{r]rp jhf;Fjiyf; Fiwf;fyhk;. rhpahd neuj;jpy;

mWtil bra;jy; kw;Wk; gUj;jp fl;ilfis mg;g[wg ;gLj;Jtjhy;

,s";rptg;g[f; fha;g[Gf;fspd; jhf;Fjiyf; Fiwf;f Koa[k;.

6. jj;Jg;g{r]rp

gUj;jp ,iy kaph;fs; jj;Jg;g{r;rpapd; efUk; jd;ikiaf; Fiwg;gjhy;/

czt[ cl;bfhs;Sk; jpwd; kw;Wk; ,dg; bgUf;fk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.

gUj;jp ,uf';fshd vk;.rp.a[. 5/ v!;tpgpMh]. 2 kw;Wk; v!;tpgpMh].3 nghd;wit

,iy kaph]fs; mjpfk; cs;s ,uf';fshFk;.

7. bts;is <

,iy kaph]fs; mjpfk; cs;s ,uf';fs; mjpf bts;is < jhf;FjYf;F

cs;shfpd;wd. ,uf';fshd fh";rdh kw;Wk; Rg]hpah nghd;wit bts;is

< jhf;FjYf;F vjph]g]g[j; jpwd; bfhz;lit. nghjpa ,ilbtsp bfhz;L

eLtjhy; mjpf Nhpa xsp CLUtp <ug;gjk; Fiwf;fg;gl;L/ btg;gk]

mjpfhpj;J/ bts;is < bgUf;fk; jilgLfpwJ.

8. fha;g;g[G

mjpf fhrpg]ghy; kw;Wk; nldpd;/ Fiwe;j mst[ g[ujr]rj;J kw;Wk; ,dpg]g[r]

rj;J bfhz;l ,uf';fs; fha;g]g[Gf;fspd; jhf;FjYf;F vjph]g]g[j; jd;ik

bfhz;litahFk;. jl;ilg] gaW my;yJ nrhahbkhr]ir CL gaph] bra;a[k;


38kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

bghGJ/ g{r]rpfisj; jhf;Fk; xl;Lz;zpfs; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;fr;

bra;fpwJ. ed;ik bra;a[k; fhf;rpbey;ypL g{r;rpfspd; bgUf;fk; mjpfhpj;J

mRtpzp/ jj;Jg;g{r;rp kw;Wk; fha;g;g[Gf;fspd; Kl;ilfs; tpG';fg]gLfpd;wd.

9. ntk;gpd; bghUl;fisf; bfhz;L g{r;rpfisf] fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy]

xU vf;lUf;F 250 fpnyh ntg;gk; g[z;zhf;F ,Ltjhy;/ jz;Lf; Td;

tz;od; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;fyhk;. ntg;gk; g[z;zhf;if moa[ukhf ,l;L

xU rjtPjk; ntg;g vz;bza;f; fiuriy 20 kw;Wk; 40 ehspy; broapy; J}h]

gFjpapy; Cw;wp eidg;gjhy; jz;Lf; Td; tz;od; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg]gLj;j

Koa[k;. kj;jpag; gUj;jp Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpy; bra;ag;gl;l Ma;tpd;go/

ntg;g vz;bza; 0.5 rjtPjf; fiury; my;yJ ntg]gk; gUg;gpypUe;J bgwg;gl;l

rhW 3-5 rjtPjk; bjspg;gjhy;/ bts;is < bgUf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

ntg;g vz;bza; bjspg;gjhy; 40-50 rjtPj bts;is <f;fspd; Kl;ilfs;

mHpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 14 rjtPj bts;is <f;fspd; F";Rfs; kl;Lnk

KGikahd <f;fshf khWfpd;wd. tpahghu hPjpapy; fpilf;Fk; gnahrhy;/

ePk;khh]f;/ ePk;hpr; kw;Wk; khh]nfhirL nghd;witfisg; gad;gLj;jp bts;is

<f;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ghpe;Jiu bra;ag;gLfpwJ. g[uOdpahg; g{r;rpapd; g[Gg]

gUtk; ntg;g vz;bza; kw;Wk; ntg;gk; gUg;gpypUe;J vLf;Fk; rhW

bjspg;gjhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ePk;hpr; 1.5 ypl;lh; / vf;lh; bjspg;gjhy;

,s";rptg;g[f; fha;g;g[G kw;Wk; g[s;spf; fha;g;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Koa[k;.

<. m';ff Kiwapy; gUj;jpapy; neha; eph;thfk;

gUj;jpapy; Kf;fpa neha;fshtJ ntuGfy;/ thly;/ ,iyg;g[s;sp/

japh;g[s;sp kw;Wk] fha; mGfy; neha;fshFk;. itu!;fshy;; Vw;gLk; nehapy;

,iyf; fUfy; neha; ,uh$!;jhd;/ g";rhg; kw;Wk; Qhpahdh khepy';fspy;

bjd;gLfpwJ.

1. neha; eph]thf bewpKiwfs;

� neha; vjph;g;g[j;jpwd; bfhz;l ,uf';fisg; gaphpLjy;

gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; midj;J neha;fSf;Fk; vjph;g;g[j; jpwd; bfhz;l

,uf';fs; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. bth;l;orpypak; thly; nehia vjph;j;J tsuf; Toa

vk;.rp.a[. 5 tpo kw;Wk; Rugp nghd;wit mwpag;gl;Ls;sd.

� neha; jhf;FjYf;F mof;fo cl;gLk; gFjpfis jtph;j;jy;

m';ffg; gUj;jp gaphpLk; bghGJ bth;orpypak; kw;Wk; @gpa[nrhpak;

thly; kw;Wk; ,iyfisj; jhf;Fk; ,iyg]g[s;sp neha;fSf;F mof;fo

cl;gLk; gFjpfisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; gpj;jpak;/ @ignlhg;jhuh/


39kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

kw;Wk; iurf;nlhdpah neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; caphpfs; vy;yh kz;

tiffspYk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLtjhy; ,tw;iwj; jtph;f;f KoahJ.

� tpijfs; \yk; gutf;Toa nehahd ,iyf; fUfy; nehahy] ghjpf;fg;gl;l

tpijfisj; jtph]j;Jtpl ntz;Lk;.

2. neha; fl;Lg;ghL

kz;zpy; cs;s ghf;Ohpa ,d';fshd ngrpy;y!;/ gh;nfhy;nlhpah/

Nnlhnkhdh!; kw;Wk; !;l;bug;nlhikrp!; kw;Wk; g{";ir tifiar] nrh]e;j

l;iunfhblh;kh tphpo nghd;wit gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; neha;f; fpUkpfisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jf; Toait. ,tw;wpy; rpy/ tpahghu hPjpapy; cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl;L/

tpij neh;j ;jpf;Fk;/ epyj;jpy; ,Ltjw;Fk;/ fiuryhfg; gaph ; nky;

bjspg;gjw;Fk; ghpe;Jiu bra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ.

3. cHtpay;; Kiwfspy; neha; fl;Lg;ghL

� mjpf Kisg]g[j; jpwd; bfhz;l (80 rjtPjk;) tPhpakpf;f tpijfis

eLtjhy; kz;zpy; ,Ue;J gutf; Toa neha;fis kl;Lg;gLj;j Koa[k;.

� bth;orpypak; thly; neha; jhf;fg;gl;l tay;fis bey; tay;fshf khw;wp

bey; gaphpLjy;; my;yJ rhke;jp bfhz;L RHw;rp bra;tjhy; thly; nehapd;

fpUkpfis mHpf;f Koa[k;.

� jFe;j neuj;jpy; tpijg;gjhy; mjpf Kisg;g[j;jpwd; kw;Wk; tPhpak; bfhz;l

brofisg; bgwKoa[k;.

� nghjpa mst[ ePh]ghrdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. mjpf mst[ ePh] gha;r;Rtjhy;

kz; tHp gut[k; neha;fs; mjpfhpf;f cjt[fpwJ. bjspg]g[ ghrd Kiwiag;

gpd;gw;Wk; bghGJ ,iyfisj; jhf;Fk; neha;fis mjpfhpf;fr; bra;fpwJ.

� mjpf mst[ jiHr;rj;J ,Ltjhy; mjpf mst[ tsh;r;rp Vw;gl;L ,iy

neha;fspd; jhf;fj;jpw;F cfe;jjhf mikfpwJ.

� tay; Jha;ikiag; ngqtjhy;/ nehapd; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;f Koa[k]. Kd;

gUtj;jpy; elg;gl;l gUj;jp brofSk;/ fis brofSk; neha; gug;g[k;

fpUkpf;F ,Ug;gplkhf miktjhy; ,it jFe;j neuj;jpy; ePf;fg;gl

ntz;Lk;.

� bjhG cuk; ,Ljy; kz;zpd; tsj;ijg] ngqtnjhL neha;

fl;Lg]ghl;Lf;Fk; cjt[fpwJ.


40kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

cyf bkhj;jg; gUj;jp gaph; bra;ag;gLk; epyg]gug]gpy; ,e;jpah 26

tpGf;fhLld; Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ. mbkhpf;fht[k;/ rPdht[k; Kiwna

,uz;lhtJ kw;Wk; \d;whtJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sd. gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; rPdh

Kjyplj;jpYk; ,e;jpah 21 rjtPjj;Jld; (280 ,yl;rk; ngy;fs;) ,uz;lhtJ

,lj;jpYk; cs;sJ. gUj;jpapd; cw;gj;jp jpwd; rPdh ehl;oy; vf;lUf;F 1245

fpnyh g";rhft[k;/ mbkhpf;fhtpy; 894 fpnyh g";rhft[k;/ ,e;jpahtpy; 520

fpnyh g";rhft[k; cs;sJ. Mdhy; cyf ruhrhp kfNy; 704 fpnyhthFk;.

jkpH ;ehl ;oy; gUj;jp tptrhak; Rkhh ; 1.22 vf;lh ; epyg;gug ;gpy ;

nkw;bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,J jkpHfj;jpd; bkhj;j tptrha epyj;jpy; 1.7

rjtPjkhFk;. ,tw;Ws; 49 rjtPjk; ,witapYk/; 51 rjtPjk; khdhthhpapYk;

cs;sJ. jkpHfj;jpy; gUj;jp cw;gj;jp Rkhh] 5 ,yl;rk; ngy;fshFk;.

gUt kiH fpilf;Fk; tpjk; epiyaw;wjhft[k;/ xU rpy neu';fspy;

gUt kiH bgha;j;Jk; nghfpd;wJ. ,jd; tpist[/ tptrhapfspdhy;

bghUshjhu epiy tPH;r;rp mila tHptfpf;fpd;wJ. khdhthhp gUj;jpapy;

cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; 300 - 350 fpnyh g";rhFk;. ,jid fUj;jpy; bfhz;L mjpf

tpisr;ry; bgw/ fpilf;Fk; kiHia Kiwahf nrkpj;J/ gad;gLj;jp mjpf

tpisr;ry; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp jpwd; bgWtJ Kf;fpa nehf;fkhFk;.

khdhthhp gUj;jpf;Ff; filg;gpof;f ntz;oa ePh; nrkpg;g[ kw;Wk; fhf;Fk;

Kiwfs;

kz; <uk; fhj;jy;

kz;zpd; <ug]gjkhdJ kiHapid bghUj;;jJ kl;Lkpd;wp kz;zpd;

,ay;g[fshd ePh]gpog]g[ jd;ik/ ePh;cwp";Rk; jpwd; kw;Wk; fsp kz;zpd;

mst[ Mfpaitia rhh;e;jjhFk;. brk;kz; kw;Wk; ruis kz; tiffs;

Fiwe;j ePh]gpog;g[j; jd;ik cilajhFk;. Mdhy; fsp kz;zhdJ 55 Kjy;

70 rjk; tiu ePh] gpof;Fk; jd;ika[ilaJ. Mdhy; fhpry; kz;; kj;jpa ePh;

cwp";Rk; jd;ika[ilaJ. nkYk; tofhy; trjp kpft[k; fodkhdjhFk;.

mnjnghy; mjpf <ug]gj epiyapy; Ml;fs; ntiy bra;tJ kpf fodkhFk;.

kz; <uk; fhf;Fk; bghUl;L kz; nghh;it mikj;J gaph; twl;rpapy;

thLtijj; jLf;fyhk;. ,jw;fhf gaph; fHpt[fisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

khdhthhp gUj;jpf;nfw;w kz;zpd; <ug;gjk; fhf;Fk;

bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

f. r';fuehuhazd;/ ng. eshapdp kw;Wk; Rg.khhpKj;J

kj;jpa gUj;jp Muha;r;rp gpuhe;jpa epiyak;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-2430045


41kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUj;jpapy; mjpfg;goahd ePuhtpg; nghf;iff; fl;Lg;gLj;j ghugpd; vd;w

bkGFg; bghUis xU rjtPjk; vd;w epiyapy; ,iyfspy; bjspj;J ePuhtpg;

nghf;iff; Fiwf;fyhk;. brk;kz;zpy; ePh]gpog;g[j; jd;ikahdJ kpff;

Fiwt[. mjhtJ 20-30 rjtPjk; kl;Lnk. Mdhy; ,e;j tif kz;zpy; vspjpy;

kz; mhpkhdk;/ kz; kw;Wk; mokz; fodkhjy; Mfpait epfGk;. ,jdhy;

gaph;fspd; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; kfNy; fodkhf ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

khdhthhp rhFgoapy; kpf Kf;fpakhff; ftdpf;f ntz;oaJ ePh] nrkpg;g[.

,jw;fhf filgpof;f ntz;oa rpy cHtpay; bjhHpy; El;g';fs; fPnH

bfhLf;fg]gl;Ls;sd.

epyk; jahh; bra;jy;

khdhthhp gUj;jpf;F \d;W Kjy; ehd;F Mz;LfSf;bfhUKiw

cspf;fyg;ig bfhz;L MHkhf cHt[ bra;ag;gl ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;

,Wf;fkile;J fodg;gLj;jg;gl;l mokz; cilf;fg;gl;L ePh; cl;g[F jpwd;

mjpfhpj;J mjpf kiH ePiu jf;f itj;Jf; bfhs;s tHp tfpf;fpwJ.

nfhil cHt[

kiH ePiuj; njf;fp jd;Ds; fpufpj;J itj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; jd;ik

mjpfhpf;Fk; bghUl;L nfhil cHt[ bra;jy; kpf mtrpak;. ,J ePiu nrkpf;f

cjt[tJ kl;Lkpd;wp fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jt[k; cjt[fpwJ. nfhil cHt[

bra;a[k;nghJ epyj;jpd; rhpt[f;Ff; FWf;fhf cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. vdnt

tHpe;njho tPzhFk; ePh] jLf;fg;gl;L cl;fpufpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nfhilapy; ($%d;/

$^iy) fpilf;Fk; kiHiaf; bfhz;L Kjypy; rhptpw;Ff; FWf;fhf rl;of;

fyg;ig bfhz;L cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F kiHapd; mst[ 30-50 kp.kP.

,Ue;jhy;jhd; Kjy; cHt[ bra;a VJthFk;. ,jdhy; mLj;j kiH fpilj;j

gpd;dh] me;j kiH ePuhdJ cHt[ rhypd; mog;gFjp tiu brd;W epyj;jpd;

mog;gFjp mjhtJ/ ,uz;L mo MHk; tiu <uk; epiy epWj;jg;gLtjw;F

VJthfpwJ. mLj;j kiHf;Fg; gpd; bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig bfhz;L ,uz;L Kiw

FWf;Fk; beLf;Fkhf cHt[ bra;J bghpa fl;ofis cilj;J bghoahf;f

ntz;Lk;. ,jd; gpd;dh; Vf;fUf;F 5.0 ld; vd;w mstpy; ed;F kf;fpa bjhG

cuj;ij epyj;jpy; r Puhfj; Jhtp tpl ntz;Lk; . tpijg]gpw ;F Kd;

nkw;bfhs;Sk; filrp cHtpw;F Kd; bjhG cuj;ij ,l ntz;Lk;.

gFjpg; ghj;jp mikj;jy;

gUj;jpapy; kz; <uj;ijf; fhf;f gFjpg;ghj;jp mikj;jy; rpwe;j bjhHpy;

El;gk; MFk;. ey;y gz;gLj;jg;gl;l epyj;jpy; cHt[ khLfisf; bfhz;L

rpwpa tug]g[ mikf;Fk; fUtp \yk; rhpt[f;Fs; FWf;fhfg; gFjpg;ghj;jpfis

mikf;fyhk;. xU gFjpg] ghj;jpapd; mst[ 8f;F 5 kP. bfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f


42kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; gUj;jpapy; Vf;fUf;F 45 rjtPjk; TLjy; kfNy;

fpilg;gJld; kz;zpd; <uk; fhf;fg;gLfpwJ.

MHr;rhy; mfyg;ghj;jp mikj;jy;

epyr;rhpt[ xU rjtPj mst[f;Fk; Fiwthf cs;s epy';fspy; MHr]rhy;

mfyg;ghj;jpfis ouhf;lh] bfhz;L ,a';Fk; fUtp \ykhft[k; my;yJ

ehl;Lf; fyg;ig bfhz;L 6-8 rhYf;F xU MHr]rhy; mikj;Jk; kiHePiu

mfyg;ghj ;jpfspy ; nrkpf ;fyhk; .,e ;j Kiwfshy; khdhthhpapy ;

gaphplg;gl;oUf;Fk; gUj;jp kw;Wk; mjd; CLgapuhd cSe;J/ ghrpg]gaW/

bfhj;jtiu gaph;fSf;F bjhlh;e;J <uk; fpilf;fpwJ. kz; mhpkhdKk;

jLf;fg;gLfpwJ. gaphpy; 23-28 rjtPjk; mjpf kfNy; fpilf;fpwJ. ouhf;luhy;

,af;fg;gLk; fUtpiaf; bfhz;L 150 br.kP. ,ilbtsp bfhz;l ,uz;L

MHr]rhy;fs; gUj;jpa[k; (thpirf;F thpir 50 br.kP.) mjd; Cnl cSe;Jk;

tpijf;fyhk;. MHr]rhy;fs;/ 30 br.kP. mfyk; kw;Wk; 15 br.kP. MHj;jpy;

mika[k;.

ghh;rhy; Kiw

kz; <uj;ijf; fhf;Fk; kw;bwhU vspa kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhd Kiw ghh;rhy;

mikj;jy; MFk;. 45 br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; ghh; mikf;Fk; fUtp \yk; ghh;fs;

mikj;J mjd; Cnl cs;s rhy;fspy; gUj;jpia tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. gaph;

tsh;e;j gpwF ,uz;L ,uz;lhf ghh]fis FWf;F tug;g[ \yk; ,izf;fyhk;.

,t;thW bra;tjhy; kiHePh] ghh]fspy; nrfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. rhy;fspy;

tpijf;fg;gl;l gUj;jp ,e;j kiH ePiu ey;y Kiwapy; cgnahfpf;f tha;g;g[

cs;sJ.

FHpg; gLf;iffis mikj;jy;

xU rjtPj rhpt[f;F nkYs;s epy';fspy; FHpg]gLf;if mikj;jy; ey;y

gyidj; je ;Js;sJ. FHpg ;gLf;iffis kiHf;F Kd;g[ mikj;J

mg;gLf;ifapy; tpijf;f ntz;Lk; . kiH bga;jhy; kiH ePuhdJ

,g;gLf;ifapy; nrfhpf;fg;gl;L <uk; mjpf ehl;fs; gapUf;Ff; fpilf;fpwJ.

FHpg;gLf;ifapy; mikf;f gth; oy;yh; kw;Wk; ouhf;lh; \yk; ,af;fg;gLk;

FHpg;gLf;if mikf;Fk; fUtpfs; cs;sd.

rk cau tug;g[fs; kw;Wk; jhtuj; jLg;g[fs;

kz; <uj;ijf; fhf;ft[k; kz; mhpkhdj;ijj; jLf;ft[k; rk cau tug;g[fs;

kw]Wk; jhtuj; jLg;g[fshf btl;onth]/ ghk;nuhrhg[y;/ bfhGf;fl;ilg;g[y;/

Rghg[y;/ ntypkrhy; Mfpa g[y; ,dj;ijr] rhh]e;j gaph]fSk;/ jPtdg; gaph;fSk;

cjt[fpd;wd.

gUt kiH bjhl';fpat[ld; rl;of;fyg;igiaf; bfhz;nlh my;yJ

ehl;Lf; fyg;igahnyh epyj;jpd; rhpt[f;Ff; FWf;fhf 30ypUe;J 40kP.


43kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

,ilbtspapy; btl;onth] fuizfis el;L gf;fthl;oy; kz; mizj;Jf;

bfhLf;f ntz:Lk;. kiH bga;jt[ld; btl;onth; ey;y tsh;r;rp mile;J

bgUfp XotUk; kiH ePiuj; jLj;J kz; <uj;ijf; fhg;gJld;/ kz;

mhpkhdj;ija[k; Fiwf;fpwJ.

epyk; jahhpf;ft[k; kz; <uk; fhf;ft[k; gad;gLk; fUtpfs;

gFjpg; ghj;jp mikf;f tug;g[ mikf;Fk; fyg]igia cgnahfg;gLj;jyhk;.

khL bfhz;l tug;g[ mikf;Fk; fyg;igapd; \yk; Rkhh; 1.5 Vf;fh; gug;gpy;

gFjpg; ghj;jpfs; mikf;fyhk;. ,nj nghy; ghh; fyg;igapd; \yk; xU

ehisf;F xU Vf;fh] tiu ghh; mikf;fyhk;.

kz; mhpkhdj;ijj; jLj;jy;

ePh] kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J gw;whf;Fiwiag; nghy kz; mhpkhdKk; gaphpd;

cw;gj;jpia Fiwf;f Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. xU Mz;Lf;F kjpg;gplg;gl;l

kiHasthd 200 kpy;ypad; vf;lh] kPl;lh] kiHastpy; 120 kp. vf;lh] kPl;lh]

mst[ MW kw;Wk; flypy; fyf;fpd;wd. kPjKs;s 80 kp. vf;lh] kPl;lhpy;/ 40kp.

vf;lh; kPl;lh; kl;Lnk tptrhaj;jpw;fhfg] gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ. kPjKs;s 37

kp. vf;lh; kPl;lh; frpt[ ePuhft[k;/ Mtpahft[k; tPzhf;fg]gLfpwJ. frpt[ePh]/

ePh] g{kpapy; ,Ue;J Mtpahjy; kw;Wk; kz; mhpg;g[ Mfpatw;iw jLf;f Fsk;

Fl;il Mfpatw;wpy; ePiu nrkpg;gjd; \yk; kiH ePh; tPzhtijj; jLj;J

gaphpd; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; kfNiy mjpfhpf;fyhk;.

jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s khdthhp epy';fshd nfhtpy;

gl;oapy; mjpfkhf fhpry; kz; tif fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; kz; kw;Wk; kiH

ePiu nrkpf;f br';Fj;J \lhf;F \yk; kz;zpd; <ug;gjk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

br';Fj;J \lhf;F FHpast[ 4 kPl;lh; gLf;if trkhf mikg;gjd; \yk;

<ug;gjk; kw;Wk; gaph] ePiu gad;gLj;Jk; mst[ Kiwna 19.6 rjtPjk; kw;Wk;

3.65 fpnyh / vf;lh] kPl;lh] vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk; kz;zpd; <ug;gjk;

mjpfhpj;Jk; kz;zpd; btg;gepiy Fiwe;Jk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

khdhthhp gUj;jpf;F kz; kw;Wk; <uk; ghJfhj;J mjpf kfNy; bgw

gpd;gw;wg;gLk; bewpKiwfs;

1. nfhil cHtpd; \yk; g{kpapy; kiH ePh] cl;bfhs;Sk; jpwd; mjpfhpj;J

kz; mhpkhdk; jLf;fg;gLtJ Muha;r]rpapd; \yk; nfhtpy;gl;o gFjpapy;

fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. nkYk; ,t;thuha;r]rpapd; \yk; xt;bthU kiHf;F gpwF

cHt[ bra;tjd; \yk; fis fl;Lg]gLj;JtJ/ kiH ePh] tPzhtij jLg;gJ

Mfpad fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. \d;W Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw MH cHt[ (25 -

30 br.kP.) bra;tjd; \yk; nfhil kiH tPzhtijj; jtph;f;fyhk;.

2. gUj;jpapy; CLgaph] bjhHpy; El;g';fs; kw;Wk; fUtpfis gad;gLj;Jtjd;

\yk; kz;zpd; <ug;gjk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky; fisiaa[k;

fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.


44kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

3. gUt kiHf;F Kd; tpij tpijg;gjd; \yk; gUt kiHia Kiwahf

gad;gLj;jp kz;zpd; <ug;gjj;ij mjpfhpg ]gjd;\yk;kfNiy

mjpfhpf;fyhk;. nfhtpy;gl;o gFjpapy; gUj;jpapy; mf;nlhgh] khjk; ,uz;lhk;

thuj;jpy; cyh] tpijg]g[ vLg]gjd; \yk; gUtkiHia Kiwahfg]

gad;gLj;jp mjpf kfNy; bgw Koa[k; vd;gJ Muha;r;rpapd; \yk;

fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.

4. khdhthhpapy; twl;rp jh';fp tsUk; ,uf';fs;/ g{r]rp kw;Wk; neha; vjph;g;g[

rf;jp cila ,uf';fs; gaphpLtjd; \yk; mjpf kfNy; bgwyhk;.

5. gUj;jp tpij tpijj;J 30-60 ehl;fs; tiu fisfs; ,y;yhky; ghJfhg;gjd;

\yk; khdhthhpapy; mjpf kfNiy bgwyhk;. ,jw;F gaph; RHw;rp Kiwia

ifahStjd; \yk; fisia fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. nkYk; njitg;gl;lhy;

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fisbfhy;ypiaa[k; bjspf;fyhk;.

6. kz;zpd; <ug;gjj;ij ghJfhf;f ,U thpir gaph;fs; kw;Wk; FHpg;gLf;if

Kiwia gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

7. gaphpd; \yk; ePh] Mtpahjiy nghf;f ePuhtp jLg]gdhfpa gpidy; bkh;Fhp

mrpnll;/ rf;rpdpf; mkpyk;/ fnahypd; Mfpaitfs; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

8. Fsk;/ Fl;ilfspy; ePiu nrkpj;J gaphpd; Kf;fpa tsh;r;rp epiyfspy;

jz;zPh] gha;r]Rtjd; \yk; 16 - 20% kfNiy mjpfhpf;fyhk;.

9. khdhthhp gapUf;F brhl;L ePh; ghrdk; mikg;gjd; \yk; 40 - 70% ePiu

nrkpf;fyhk;;.

10. ePh]gpog;g[ gFjpapy; miz fl;Ljy;/ rhpt[ tug;g[ mikj;jy;/ gz;iz Fl;il

mikj;jy;/ Kiwahf tay;fis rkd; bra;tjd; \yk; kz; kw;Wk;

<ug;gjj;ij ghJfhf;fyhk;.

11. fLk; kiHapd; nghJ Rkhh; 4 - 5 ,yl;rk; mstpyhd tHpe;njhLk; jz;zPiu

xU vf;lhpy; ,Ue;J nrfhpj;J mij 18 x 18 x 3 kP. vd;w mstpy; btl;lg;gl;l

jz;zPh] FHpapy; nrkpj;J/ ,t;thW nrfhpf;fg;gl;l ePiu jz;zPh; njit

Kf;fpakhf fUjg;gLk; fha;gpof;Fk; gUtj;jpy; ePh;g;ghrdk; bra;a Koa[k;

vd Muha;r;rp Kot[fs; ep+gpj;Js;sd.

12. bjhpe;bjLj;j ,uf';fisg] gaphpLjy;.

13. kz;zpd; <ug;gjj;ij Kiwahf ghJfhf;f cHtpay; bjhHpy; El;gkhd

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gaph;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia guhkhpj;jy; kpft[k;

mtrpakhd xd;whFk;. cjhuzkhf jkpHfj;jpy; khdhthhpg; gFjpfspy;

gUj;jpia 45 x 15 br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; mjhtJ 1/48/000 gaph;fs; / vf;lh;

vd;w mstpy; guhkhpg;gjd; \yk; kz;zpd; <ug;gjk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L mjpf

kfNy; bgwyhk;.

nkny Twg;gl;l bjhHpy;El;g';fisf; filg]gpog]gjd; \yk; khdhthhp

epyj;jpy; kz; kw;Wk; <ug;gjk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L mjpf kfNy; bgwyhk;.


45kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUj;jp gapUf]F ghypj;jPd; \lhf]F - xU

etPd Kiw Muha;r]rp

bg. eshapdp/ ,uh. Mde;jk; kw;Wk; f. r';fuehuhazd;


bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-2430045

irdh ehl;oy; 'ghypj;jPd; \lhf]F' gad;gLj;jp nth]f]fliy gaph]

rhFgoapy; xU kWkyh]r]rpna cUthf]fg]gl;Ls;s epiyapy;/ jz;zPh]

gw;whf]Fiwa[s;s ,e;jpah nghd;w ehLfSf]F ,k;Kiw rhFgoahy; ey;y

vjph]fhyk; cs;sij kdjpy; bfhz;L/ ,e;j ghypj;jPd; \lhf]F gad;gLj;Jk;

xU etPd cHtpay; bjhHpy; El;gj;ijf] nfhitapy; cs;s kj;jpa gUj;jp

Muha;r]rp epWtdj;jpy; kpf btw;wpfukhfr] bra;J mfpy ,e;jpa mstpy;

Muha;r]rpahsh]fspd; ftdj;ij <h]j;Js;nshk;.

ghypj;jPd; \lhf]if vt;thW gad;gLj;JtJ >

,k;Kiwapy; gUj;jp gapiu rhy;fspy; gaphpLtjw;Fg] gjpyhf Rkhh]

1.2kPl;lh] mfyk;/ 10-15 kPl;lh] ePsk; kw;Wk; 5-10 br.kP. cauKila

nkl;Lg]ghj;jp (raised bed) mikj;J/ ehd;F g[wj;jpYk; jz;zPh] bry;y Rkhh]

30-45 brd;okPl;lhpy; rpW tha;f]fhy; mikj;J/ ghypj;jPd; \lhf]if (30

ikf]uhd; gUkDs;sJ ) kz;iz ed;F ft;t[khW tphpj;J kz; mizf]f

ntz;Lk;. gpwF/ xU nkl;Lg]ghj;jpf]F ,uz;L thpirfs; vd;w tpfpjj;jpy;

me;j me;j ,uf';fSf]F rpghhpR bra;ag]gl;l ,ilbtspapy; Rkhh] 2.5

m';Fy mstpy; Jisfs; ,l;L ,e;jj; JisfSf]Fs; gUj;jp tpijia

Cd;wp gpd; ePh] gha;r]r ntz;Lk;.

cukpLtJ vt;thW >

,e;j tif rhFgo Kiwapy; rpghhpR bra;ag]gLk; Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; KG

mst[ kw;Wk; jiH/ rhk;gy; rj;jpd; mstpy; ehd;fpy; xU g';ifa[k;/

bjhGcuk; kw;Wk; ntg]gk; g[z;zhf]F fyitia ghypj;jPd; \lhf]if

tphpg]gjw;F Kd;ghfnt moa[ukhft[k;/ kPjKs;s jiH kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;ij

\d;W Kiw xU khj ,ilbtspapy; nkYukhf gUj;jp Cd;wpa[s;s FHpf]Fs;

,l;L ePh] gha;r]r ntz;Lk;.

CLgaph] bra;a Koa[kh>

,e;j Kiwapy; gaph]rhFgo bra;a[k; nghJ/ nkl;Lg] ghj;jpiar] Rw;wp

jz;zPh] gha;r]r mikf]fg]gl;l tha;f]fhypy; gr]irg]gaW/ jl;ilg]gaW/

cSe;J nghd;w gaph] tifg] gaph]fis caph]j; jz;zPh] fl;Ltjw;F Kd;ghf


46kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

tpijf]fyhk;. ,jdhy; fisfs; tsuhky; ghJfhf]fg]gLtnjhL/ gaW tifg]

gaph]fs; xU';fpize;j gaph] ghJfhg]gpd; xU ,d;wpaikahj m';fkhfj;

jpfH]tJld; ey;y kfNYk; fpilf;fpwJ. kl;Lky;yhky; gaW tifg]

gaph]fshy; kz;zpd; tsKk; ghJfhf]fg]gLfpwJ.

ghypj;jPd; \lhf]if gad;gLj;Jtjhy; kw;w mDTy';;fs; vd;d>

1) ghypj;jPd; \lhf]F xU nghh]itnghy; kz;iz \of]bfhs;tjhy;/ fisr]

brofSf]F xspr]nrh]f]if bra;a Koahky; koe;J tpLfpd;wd. vdnt/

fis bfhy;yp mof]fj; njitapy;iy.

2) jz;zPh] Mtpahjy; Kw;wpYkhfj; jLf]fg]gl;L kz;zpy; <uj;jd;ik

ghJfhf]fg;gLtjhy; 40-50 rjk; jz;zPh] nrkpg]g[ ,Ug]gJ ep+gpf]fg]gl;Ls;sJ.

3) ghypj;jPd; \lhf]ifg] gad;gLj;Jk;nghJ cur]rj;Jf]fs; tpuakhjy;

fl;Lg]gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.

4) kz;zpd; btg]gk;/ 0-15 brd;okPl;lhpy; Rkhh] 4.5O bry;rpa!; tiu mjpfkhf

,Ug]gjhy;/ kz;zpy; ntiu xl;o thGk; gy ed;ik gaf;Fk;

Ez;qaphpfspd; vz;zpf]if ,uz;L Kjy; \d;W kl';F mjpfkhft[k;/

nth]fspd; tsh]r]rp kpf mjpfkhft[k;/ kz;zpy; cs;s rj;Jf]fis nth]

vLj;Jf] bfhs;Sk; jpwDk; mjpfkhf ,Ug]gJ fz;lwpag]gl;Ls;sJ.

5) nkYk;/ gUj;jpbroapd; tsh]r]rp kpf mjpfkhft[k;/ mjpff] fha;fs;

gpog]g[j;jpwd; bfhz;ljhft[k; ,Uf]fpwJ.

6) ghypj;jPd; \lhf]ifg] gad;gLj;Jk;nghJ gaphpd; tsh]r]rpf]F cfe;j

NH]epiy ,Ug]gjhy; gUj;jp broapd; jz;od; gUkd; (Stem Girth)

mjpfkhft[k;/ jz;L ed;F jplkhft[k; ,Ug]gjhy;/ gUj;jpapd; jz;Lg]g[wj;jpy;

tP';fpa fl;ofs; nghy; njhd;wp gpwF gUj;jp broia xoj;JtpLk; jz;Lf]Td;

tz;od; nrjk; ,;y;yhky; gUj;jpia fhg]ghw;wyhk;.

7) rhk;gy; epw ghypj;jPd; \lhf]F/ gUj;jpiaj; jhf]Fk; rpwpa rhW cwp";Rk;

g{r]rpfs; te;J gUj;jp broapy; mkh]e;J nrjk; tpistpg]gij Fiwf]fpwJ.

,jdhy; ,t;tifg] g{r]rpfspd; nrjk; kpff] Fiwt[.

8) nkw;Twpa gy mDTy';fs; ,Ug]gjhy; gUj;jp gaph] ed;F brHpj;J tsh]e;J

ruhrhpahf xU vf]lUf]F rhjhuz Kiwia tpl 19-23 Ftpz;lhy; mjpf

kfNy; fpilj;jJ.

gUj;jp mWtilf]Fg]gpd; kf]fhr]nrhsk;

,e;j etPd Kiwapy; gUj;jp mWtilf]Fg]gpd;/ gUj;jp broia fq

,iyf]Ff] fPH] btl;otpl;L gUj;jp thpirapypUe;J Rkhh] 5 br.kP. J}uj;jpy;

kPz;Lk; ghypj;jPd; \lhf]fpy; Jisapl;L kf]fhr]nrhsk; tpijj;jjpy;/ gUj;jp

gapiug]nghy; kf]fhr]nrhsj;jpw;Fk; gy gad;fs; ,Ue;jjhy; 8-10 ld;fs;


47kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

kfNy; fpilj;jJ. ,J rhjhuz Kiwapy; tpijj;j kf]fhr]nrhsj;ij tpl

3 Kjy; 5 ld; tiu mjpf kfNy; MFk;.

Rw;Wr]NHYf]F ,e;j tif rhFgoahy; Mgj;J tUkh >

,e;j etPd Kiwapy; rpghhpR bra;ag]gLk; ghypj;jPd; 30 ikf]uhd;

gUkdst[ cs;sJ. ,J kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jf] Toa (recyclable) tifiar]

nrh]e;jJ. kf]fhr]nrhsg; gaph] mWtilf]Fg]gpd; epyj;jpy; cs;s v";rpa

ghypj;jPd; \lhf]if nrfhpj;J tpw;gid bra;a ,aYk;. ,k;Kiwapy; Rw;Wr]

NHYf]Fj; jP';F VJk; ,y;iy. khwhf Rw;Wr]NHy; ghJfhf]Fk; kz;g[G

nghd;w caphpd';fspd; tsh]r]rp ghypj;jPd; \lhf]if gad;gLj;Jk;nghJ

mjpfkhf ,Ug]gJk; ep+gpf]fg]gl;Ls;sJ.

vdnt/ nkw;Twpa mhpa bjhHpy; El;gj;ij gad;gLj;jpdhy; gUj;jp

kw;Wk; kf]fhr]nrhsg] gaph]fspy; ,ul;og]g[ kfNy; bgWtJld;/ 40-50 rjk; ePh]

nrkpg]g[ kw;Wk; fis bjhy;iy ,y;yhj xU rpwe;j bjhHpy; El;gj;jpdhy;

gUj;jp tptrhapfSf]F ,e;jj; bjhHpy; El;gk; xU 'tug]gpurhjk;' vd;why; mJ

kpifahfhJ.

jfty; : e. KUnfrd;/ ,uh. tpkyh kw;Wk; m. ,uhkyp';fk;

gUj;jp kUj;Jt epiyak;/ gUj;jp Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ jpUtpy;ypg[j;J}h; - 626 125

nehf;fk; : fha;fs; ed;F jpul;rp mila

bjspf;Fk; gUtk; : 75 kw;Wk; 90 ehl;fspy;

o.V.gp. fiury; : 2 rjf; fiury; (Vf;fUf;F ehd;F fpnyh

,U E}W ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy;)

fiury; jahhpg]g[

ehd;F fpnyh o.V.gp. ia gj;J ypl;lh; jz;zPh; nrh;j;J 10-12 kzp neuk;

Cw itf;ft[k;. gpd;dh; bjspe;j ePiu tofl;lt[k;. bjspe;j ePUld; 190 ypl;lh]

jz;zPh; nrh;j;J 200 ypl;lh; Mf;fpf; bfhs;st[k;.

bjspf;Fk; Kiw

fhiy my;yJ khiyapy; ifj;bjspg]ghd; bfhz;L brofs; ed;F

eida[k;go bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg]g[

� bjspf;Fk; nghJ kz;zpy; nghjpa mst[ <ug]gjk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;.

� cr]rp btapy; ntisfspy; bjspf;ff; TlhJ.

� tofl;oa bjspt[ld; xU fpnyh bghl;lh#; nrh]j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.

gUj;jpapy; o.V.gp. bjspj;jy;


48kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

jkpHf ntshz;ikapy; gUj;jp xU kpf Kf;fpag] gzg;gapuhFk;. ,wit

gapuhft[k;/ khdhthhp gapuhft[k; gaphplg;gLfpwJ. ek; ehl;oy; ntshz;ik

bra;ag;gLfpd;w bkhj;j gug;gstpy; Rkhh; Ie;J tpGf;fhL gug;gpy; kl;Lnk

gUj;jp gaphplg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ekJ ehl;oy; cgnahfpf;fg;gLfpd;w g{r;rp

bfhy;ypfspy; Rkhh; 55 tpGf;fhL gUj;jpia jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfisf] fl;Lg;gLj;j

gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.

gUj;jpia gy tifahd g{r;rpfs; gaph; tsh;r;rpapd; gy epiyfspy;

jhf;fp mHpf;fpd;wd. mitfis fl;Lg;gLj;j xU';fpize;j g{r]rp guhkhpg;g[

Kiw ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

1. ,ad;w mstpw;F xU fpuhkk;/ tl;lhuj;jpy; xnu gUj;jp ,ufj;ij

njh;e;bjLj;J/ midtUk; FWfpa fhy ,ilbtspapy; tpijg]g[ bra;a

ntz;Lk;.

2. mkpyk; bfhz;L g";R ePf;fpa bghWf;F tpijfis eLtJ ey;;yJ.

3. rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ,kplhFnshgphpl; tpij neh;j;jp

my;yJ g[jpajha; totikf;fg;gl;l tpij neh;j;jp Kiwia (g";R ePf;fg;gl;l

tpij + ghypnfhl; 3 fp. / fpnyh + fhh ;gd;lhrpk; 2 fp. / fpnyh +,kplhFnshg;hpl; 7 fp. / fpnyh + Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshurd;!; 10 fp. / fpnyh

+ mnrhgh!; 40 fp. / fpnyh) filg;gpoj;J tpijf;ft[k;. ,g;g[jpa tpij

neh;j;jp Kiwiaf; filg;gpoj;jhy; rhW cwp";Rk; g{r;rpfs; 45 ehl;fs; tiu

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky;/ gaph ; Muk;gepiyapnyna

Cf;fj;Jld; tsUk;.

4. gUj;jp ,dj;ijr] rhh;e;j btz;il/ g[spr;ir nghd;w gaph;fisa[k;/ Jj;jp/

fz;l';fj;jhp nghd;w fis brofSk; gUj;jpf;F mUfpy; ,y;yhky;

ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.

5. gy fis brofs; gUj;jp g{r;rpfSf;F khw;W czt[r; brofshf ,Ug;gjhy;

fhyj;nj fisbaLj;J/ njhl;lk; kw;Wk; tug;g[fis Rj;jkhf itj;Jf;

bfhs;tjhy; gpd; tpist[fis Rygkhf rkhspf;fyhk;.

6. jf;f jUzj;jpy; fis vLj;J brofSf;F kz; mizf;f ntz;Lk;.

,jdhy; jz;Lf;Td; tz;od; nrjj;ij Xust[ jtph]f;fyhk;.

7. cuk; kw;Wk; ePh] guhkhpg;g[ kpft[k; mtrpak; MFk;. ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLfpd;w

cu mstpw;F nky; cukpLtijf; fz;og;ghfj; jtph ;f ;f ntz;Lk;.

njitf;nfw;g ePh] gha;r]rpdhy; nghJkhdJ. ,it ,uz;Lk; brofs; mjpf

gUj;jpapy; xU';fpize;j gaph; ghJfhg;g[ Kiwfs;

r. nkhfd:/ gp. gpujPg; Fkhh; kw;Wk;; r.,uh$uj;jpdk;


bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 2456297


49kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

,iyfSld; tsh]e;J g{r]rp bgUf;fj;ij Xust[ jLf;f VJthfpwJ. bjhG

cuk; mjpfkhf cgnahfpj;jhy; E}w;g[G jhf;Fjiyj; jtph;f;fyhk;. mjpf

jiHr;rj;jhdJ/ bts;is </ gr;irg;g[G Mfpatw;wpd; bgUf;fj;jpw;F

cfe;jJ. vdnt/ mjpf jiHr;rj;J ,Ltijj; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;.

8. gr;irf; fha;g;g[G/ ,s";rptg;g[f; fha;g;g[G kw;Wk; g[uOdpah g[Gf;fspd;

nrjj;ijj; jtph;f;f xt;bthU g{r;rpf;Fk; chpa ,df;fth;r;rpg; bghwpfis

xU Vf;fUf;F Ie;J vd;w mstpy; itf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; Mz;

g{r;rpfis btFthff; Fiwf;fKoa[k;.

9. caphpay; Kiwapy; itu!; fpUkpfisf; bfhz;L g[Gf;fis mHpf;fyhk;.

xU Vf;fUf;F 300 itu!; jhf;fpa g[Gf;fs; tPjk; cgnahfpj;J khiy

neu';fspy; gUj;jp brofspy; bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

10. g{r;rpfspd; Kl;ilf;Ftpay;/ rpwpa tsh;e;j g[Gf;fs;/ cjph;e;j rg;igfs;/

g{f;fs;/ fha;fs; kw;Wk; ,iyfs; Mfpatw;iw bghWf;fp mHpg;gjd; \yk;

g{r;rpfspd; bgUf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. jz;Lf;Td; tz;L kw;Wk;

nth;g;g[G jhf;fg;gl;l brofis gpL';fp mHpj;J tplntz;Lk;.

11. g{r]rpfspd; vz;zpf;if/ nrjk;/ bghUshjhu nrj epiyia vl;otpl;lhy;

g{r]rpbfhy;ypfisg] gad;gLj;JtJ jtpu khw;W tHpapy;iy. ,e;epiyapy;

ghpe ;Jiu bra;ag;gLfpd;w g{r ;rpbfhy;ypfis rhpahd mstpy;

cgnahfpf;fntz;Lk;. g{r]rp bfhy;ypfspd; tPhpa rf;jp/ er;Rj;jd;ik

Mfpatw;iw ed;F mwpe;J bjspg;ghDf;Fj; jf;fthW ePhpd; msit

cgnahfpj;J/ broapy; ed;F goa[k;go bjspf;fntz;Lk;.

gaph] ghJfhg;g[

bghUshjhu nrj epiyia fle ;J g {r ;r pfs; gutpapUe ;jhy;

fPH;f;fz;lthW g{r;rp bfhy;yp bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

g{r]rp ,dk; g{r;rp bfhy;yp (Vf;fUf;F)

,iyg;ngd; kw;Wk; mRtpzp

kPijy; blkl;lhd; 25 <rp 200 kpy;yp my;yJ ilbkj;njhnal; 30 <rp 200 kpy;yp Mfpa VjhtJ xU kUe;ij 200 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspf;ft[k;.

jj;Jg;g{r;rp nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; 400 kpy;yp kw;Wk; ntg]g'; bfhl;il toePh] 5 rjk; Mfpatw;iwj; bjspf;ft[k.;

mbkhpf;fd;fha;g;g[Gmy;yJ gr;irf;fha;g;g[G

rg;ig fl;Lk; gUtj;jpy; vz;nlhry;ghd; 800 kpy;yp bjspf;ft[k;. fha; gpof;Fk; kw;Wk; Kw;Wk; gUt';fspy; n$hnyhd; 35 <rp xU ypl;lh; my;yJ fhh]ghpy; (50 lgps;a{.gp) xU fpnyhit 400 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspf;ft[k;.

,s"; rptg;g[f; fha;g;g[G

oiuanrhgh!; xU ypl;lh] my;yJ vz;nlhry;ghd; 800 kpy;yp bjspf;ft[k;.


50kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

12. rpy g{r ;rpbfhy;ypfs;/ g{r ;rpfspd; bgUf;fj;ij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; jpwd;

bfhz;oUg]gjhy; mtw;iw cgnahfpg;gijj; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;. khWgl;l

mikg]g[ bfhz;l g{r]rpbfhy;ypfis xt;bthU Kiwa[k; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

13. gUj;jp mWtil Koe;j gpd;g[ brofis epyj;jpy; tpl;L itf;ff;TlhJ.

Fwpg]gpl;l taJ Koe;jJk; v";rpa[s;s fha;fis vy;yhk; gwpj;Jtpl;L

brofis gpL';fptplntz;Lk;.

14. gUj;jpapy; kWjhk;g[ my;yJ fl;ilg]gaph; tplf;TlhJ. gUj;jpf;Fg; gpd;

gUj;jpiana gaphplhky; khw;Wg; gaph;fis gaphpLjy; ntz;Lk;.

15. bts;is < elkhl;lj;ij fzpf;f k";rs; th;z bghwpfis

cgnahfpf;fyhk;.

16. gUj;jpia Rw;wpYk; fth;r;rpg; gapuhf Mkzf;F gaphpLtjhy; g[uOdpah g{r;rp

ftug;gl;L/ mjpy; Kl;ilapLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ,g;g{r;rpapd; Kl;ilf;

Ftpay;fis vspjpy; fz;Lgpoj;J mHpf;fyhk;. ,ijg;nghy; tay;

tug]g[fspYk; jl;ilg;gaW gaph; bra;tjhy; rhW cwp";Rk; g{r ;rpfs;

<h;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; \yk; rpwpjst[ tUtha[k; mjpfkhFk;.

17. rhk;gy; tz;L jhf;Fjiy Fiwf;ft[k;/ E}w;g[G ghjpg;ig jtph;f;ft[k; gaph;

RHw;rp Kiwiaf; ifahs ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf fj;jhp gaphplg;gl;l gpd;

gUj;jp gaphplg;gLtJ jtph;f;fg;gl;lhy;/ nth;g;g[G jhf;Fjiyf; Fiwf;fyhk;.

18. Vf;fUf;F 100 fpnyh ntg;gk;g[z;zhf;if epyj;jpy; ,Ltjd; \yk;

E}w;g[Gf;fs; kw;Wk; jz;L Td; tz;L nghd;w kz;zpYs;s kw;w

g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

19. rkPg fhyj;jpy; nfhilg; gUtj;jpy; gUj;jpapy; kht[ g{r;rpapd; (Mealy bugs)nrjk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j fPH;f ;fz;l

Kiwfisg] gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;.

m) gUj;jp epy';fspy; fis fl;Lg]ghL ,d;wpaikahjJ.

M) nrj Muk;g fhy';fspy; xd;W kw;Wk; ,uz;L brofspy; kht[ g{r;rpfs;

fhzg;gLk;. bghJthf gaphpd; Edpg; gFjpapy; Tl;lkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

nrjj;jhy; bjhiytpy; ,Ue;J ghh;f;Fk; bghGnj gaphpd; Edp gFjp RUz;L

,Uf;Fk;. mg;gFjpia cld; fps;sp vwpe;J tpLjy; mtrpak;.

,) gUj;jp mWtil Koe;j gpd;g[ brofis epyj;jpy; tpl;L itf;ff;TlhJ.

Fwpg;gpl;l taJ Koe;jJk; v";rpa[s;s fha;fis gwpj;Jtpl;L brofis

gpL';fp tpl ntz;Lk;. gUj;jpapy; kWjhk;g[ tplf;TlhJ.

<) nrj Muk;g epiyfspy; cs;s brofs; kw;Wk; Rw;wpa[s;s brofspy;

g[nuh@gpndhgh!; 2 kp.yp. my;yJ mrpngl; 2 fpuhk; my;yJ kPijy; ghujpahd;

2 kp.yp. my;yJ Fnshh]ighpgh!; 2.5 kp.yp. kUe;jpid xU ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy;

fye;J bjspj;jy; ntz;Lk;.

20. braw;if ighpj;jpuha;L kUe;jpid fz;og]ghf cgnahfg]gLj;jf;TlhJ.


51kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUj;jpiaj; jhf ;Ffpd;w g {r ]r pfspy; jz;L Td;tz;L kpf

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mz;ikf;fhy';fspy; ,e;j jz;L Td; tz;od; jhf;Fjy;

jkpH;ehl;oy; vy;yhg] gFjpfspYk; Fwpg]ghf nfhak;g[j;J}h]/ kJiu/ <nuhL/

nryk;/ jh]kg[hp/ jpz;Lf;fy;/ ,uhkehjg[uk; kw;Wk; jpUbey;ntyp khtl;l';fspy;

mjpfkhff; fhzg]gl;lJ.

g{r]rp jhf;Fjypd; mwpFwpfs;

,sk; brofspd; jz;Lg]ghfj;jpy; jiuia xl;oa ,lj;jpy; tz;L

Kl;ilfis ,LfpwJ. ,e;j Kl;ilapypUe;J te;j g[Gf;fs; jz;od;

cl;g[wj;ij FHy; totpy; Jisj;J cz;gjhy;/ rj;Jg] bghUl;fisf;

flj;jf;Toa th!;Fyhh] jpRf;fs; nrjkilfpd;wd. 15 Kjy; 25 ehl;fs;

taJila brofshfj; jhf;Ftjhy;/ brofs; KGtJkhf thotpLfpd;wd.

ed;F tsh;r]rpaile;j brofspd; jz;Lfspy; (jiuf;F mUfpy;) ,e;j

g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjyhy; tPf;fk; (bfz;il) Vw;gLfpwJ. gy ,l';fspy; tPf;fk;

,Ug]gija[k; fhzyhk;. jz;Lfspy; ,e;j tPf;fk; fhzg]gLk; gFjpfs;

gytPdkhf ,Ug]gjdhy;/ typikahf fhw;W tPRjy;/ ,il cHtpd;nghJ

broapid rpwpjst[ mirj;jy; my;yJ mjpf mstpy; fha;fs; cUthFjy;

nghd;w epfH;t[fs; Vw;god; jz;L Kwpe;J tpLk;. ,g]g{r]rpapdhy; jhf;fg]gl;l

brofspy; fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; g";rpd; juk; FiwfpwJ.

thH;f;if rhpjk;

jz;L Td; tz;L broapd; gl;ilia cl;bfhz;L/ jiuf;F xl;oa

,lj;jpy;/ jz;oy; Kl;il ,LfpwJ. xU tz;L 50 Kl;ilfs; tiu ,l

tha;g]g[s;sJ. Kl;il ,Lfpd;w fhyk; 60 Kjy; 80 ehl;fs; tiu ntWgLfpwJ.

jz;oy; tsUk; g[G 50-60 ehl;fspy; KG tsh]r]rpaile;J jz;ow;Fs;nsna

Tl;Lg]g[Gthfp mjpypUe;J Rkhh; 10-12 ehl;fspy; tz;L btsptUk;.

tsh]r]rpaile;j tz;L 40-60 ehl;fs; tiu caph] thHf;ToaJ.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

1. bjhlh]r]rpahf gUj;jp gaphpLtijj; jtph]g]gjhy; g{r]rpapd; ghjpg]igf;

Fiwf;fyhk; (czt[ ,d;ikahy; g{r]rpfspd; jhf;Fjy; Fiwa[k;).

2. tz;od; jhf;Fjyhy; fha;e;J nghd brofis ntUld; mfw;wp/ mHpj;J

tpl ntz;Lk ;(gUj;jp taypy; ,Uf;Fk; nghJ).

3. jhf;FjYf;F cs;shd brofis/ mWtilf;Fg]gpd; vhpj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

4. xU Vf;fUf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gl;l tpijasit tpl mjpfkhf tpijf;f

gUj;jpapy; jz;L Td;tz;L jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk;

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

gp. jhuh n$hjp kw;Wk; o.RUsp ntY


bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-2430045


52kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

ntz;Lk;. Vbddpy; jhf;fg]gl;l brofis ePf;Fjy; kw;Wk; mHpg]gjhy;

Vw;gLk; brofspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwtpid epth]j;jp bra;a ,aYk;.

5. jz;oy; jiuia xl;oa ,lj;jpy; Kl;il ,Ltijj; jtph]f;f/ kz; mizf;f

ntz;Lk;. nkYk; ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F (150 fpnyh / vf;lh]) kw;Wk;

fhh]ngh@gpa{uhd; (33.33 fpnyh / vf;lh]) 15-20 ehl;fSf;Fg] gpd; ,l ntz;Lk;.

6. ,g]g{r]rpapd; jhf;Fjy; jPtukhf ,Uf;Fk; nghJ/ tz;L Kl;ilapLtijj;

jtph]f;f kz; mizf;f ntz;Lk;. nkYk; xU vf;lUf;F 150 fpnyh ntg]gk;

g[z;zhf;F kw;Wk; 33.33 fpnyh / vf;lh] fhh;ngh@gpa{uhd; FUiz kUe;ijf;

fye;J tpijj;j 15-20 ehl;fSf;Fg]gpd; ,l ntz;Lk;. ,ijj; bjhlh]e;J

tpijj;j 45 ehl;fSf;Fg] gpd; xU thu ,ilbtspapy; 4 Kiw 5 rjk; ntg]gk;

tpij toePiu jz;L eida[k; go Cw;w ntz;Lk;

my;yJ

tpijj;j 15-20 ehl;fSf;Fg]gpd; xU vf;lUf;F 33.33 fpnyh / vf;lh]

fhh]ngh@gpa{uhd; FUiz kUe;ij ,l ntz;Lk;. ,jidj; bjhlh]e;J

tpijj;j 45 ehl;fSf;Fg]gpd;/ 15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; 2 Kiw 0.1 rjk;

Fnshh]ighpgh!; fiuriy jz;Lghfk; ed;F eida[k; go Cw;w ntz;Lk;.

gUj;jpapy; gy;ntW E}w;g[Gf;fs; fhzg]gl;lhYk; mtw;Ws; bkhr]ir

tot E}w;g[G kw;Wk; nth] Kor]R E}w;g[G Mfpait kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdit.

,it jdpahf ,Ue;J nrjj;ij tpistpg]gnjhL my;yhky; kw;w

g{";rhz neha;f; fpUkpfSld; nrh]e;J Tl;L nehia Vw;gLj;jp bgUk;

kfNy; ,Hg]igf; bfhLf;fpd;wd.

E}w;g[G nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

1. nfhil cHt[ bra;tjd; \yk; E}w]g[Gf;fspd; jhf;Fjiy btFthf

Fiwf;fyhk;.

2. E}w;g[G jhf]fg]gl;l tay;fspy; nrhsk;/ kf;fhr]nrhsk; nghd;w

jhdpa';fSld; gaph] RHw;rp bra;tjhy; E}w;g[Gf;fis fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

3. xU fpnyh tpijf;F Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshurd;!; 10 fpuhk; kw;Wk;

oiuf;nfhblh]kh tphpo 4 fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw tpij neh]j;jp bra;J

elntz;Lk;.

4. mWtilf;Fg]gpd; gUj;jp brofis ntUld; gpL';fp vwptjhy; E}w;g[G

bgUf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

5. fhh]ngh@gpa{uhd; FUiz kUe;ij xU Vf;fUf;F 10 fpnyh ,l;L

E}w]g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

jfty; : i$. Fy;rhh] ghD

kj;jpa gUj;jp Muha;r]rp gpuhe;jpa epiyak;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

gUj;jpapy; E}w;g[G


53kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

gUj;jpapd; juj;ij nkk;gLj]Jtjw]Fk] mjd; khRgLk; jd;ikiaf;

Fiwg;gjw;Fk; fPnH brhy]yg]gl]l tHpKiwfisf] filg]gpof]f ntz]Lk].

m. bra;aj]jf;fd

1. gUj]jp broapy] cs;s fha]fspy] Fiwe;jJ 50% btoj;j gpd]g[jhd;/ gUj;jp

mWtilia Muk;gpf;f ntz;Lk;. xUthu ,ilbtspapy] mWtil

bjhlh]e]J bra;ag]gl ntz]Lk].

2. KGikahf btoj;J kyh]e;j gUj;jpia kl]Lk] mWtil bra;a ntz;Lk;.

3. fhiy ntisapy] gdp ,y]yhj neuj;jpy] kl]Lnk gUj;jp mWtil bra]ag]gl

ntz;Lk;.

4. jiyKo gUj;jpapy; nruhky; ,Uf;f/ gUj;jpia gwpg]gth]fs; j';fs;

jiyKoia xU Jzpapdhy; KGtJk; \of; fl;of; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.

5. brofspd; mirtpdhy; gUj;jpapd; nky; gFjpapy; cs;s fha;e;j ,iyr;

rUFfs; fPH;ghfj;jpy; cs;s btoj;jg; gUj;jpapy; tpGe;J xl;of; bfhs;Sk;.

,ijj; jtph]g]gjw;F broapd; mog;ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;J gUj;jpapid vLf;fj;

bjhl';f ntz;Lk;.

6. J}a]ikiag] ngqtjw;fhf g[G/ g{r]rp kw;Wk] nehapdhy; nrjk; mile;j

gUj]jpia jdpahf xU igapy; nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;.

7. kiHapdhy] eide]j gUj;jpia ed;F cyh]e]j gpwnf mWtil bra;a

ntz;Lk;.

8. bfhl;Lg] gUj;jp jdpahf vLf;fg;gl;L jdpahf nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.

bfhl;Lg] gUj;jpiaf] fyg;gjhy] juKk; Fiwe;J tpiya[k] Fiwe]J

tpLfpwJ.

9. filrpahf mWtil bra;ag;gLk; gUj;jp juk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy]/

jdpahf nrkpf;fg;gl ntz]Lk;.

10. gUj;jp mWtilf;Fg; gpd; nrkpg;gjw;F Kd;ghf epHypy] cyh;j;jg;gl

ntz;Lk;.

11. jpdf;Typ mog;gilapy] mWtil bra;ag;gLk; gUj]jp Fj;jif

mog;gilapy] vLf;fg]gLtijf] fhl;oYk; Rj;jkhdJ.

12. gUj;jp nrkpf;Fk; ,lk; Rj;jkhdjhft[k;/ <uk; mw;wjhft[k] ,Uj;jy]

ntz;Lk;. rpbkz]l; jiu ,y;yhtpl]lhy]/ jiug] gFjpapy; gUj;jp Jzpiag]

gug;gp/ gpd; nrkpf]f ntz]Lk].

gUj;jpapy] khRgLjiyf] Fiwg]gJ vg]go ?f. r';fuehuhazd;/ Rg.khhpKj;J

kw;Wk; eh. nfhghyfpU#;zd;


bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-2430045


54kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

13. Foahdth]fspd; tPLfspy] Ftpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; gUj;jpf; Ftpay;fs]

gUj;jp Jzpapdhy] \lg;gl ntz;Lk].

14. gUj;jp nrkpf;fg;gLk] miwfs; J}rp/ mGf]F rk;ge;jg;gl;l bghUl;fs]

cl;g[fh tz;zk; ,Uf;fkhf \lg;gl;L ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;.

15. gUj;jp Rikapid Vw;Wtjw;F Kd;/ iftz]o/ ouhf;lh] kw]Wk] ouhyp

nghd;witfis Rj;jk; bra;a ntz]Lk;.

16. gUj;jp Rik Vw;wg;gl;l iftz]o/ ouhf;lh]fis gUj;jp Jzp my]yJ

fpj]jhd; Jzpiaf] bfhz;L ed;whf vy;yhg] gf;f';fSk] \oa gpd; jhd;

taypy] ,Ue;J re;ij/ kz;ofSf;F vLj;Jr] bry;y ntz;Lk].

M. bra;aj;jfhjd

1. KGikahf btof]fhj kw]Wk] Kjph]r]rpailahj fha]fspypUe]J gUj]jp

mWtil bra]tijj] jtph]f]f ntz]Lk].

2. gy ntWgl;l ,uf']fis tpijg]gJ fyg]glj;jpw]F VJthfp gUj;jpapd;

juj;ij Fiwj;J tpLfpwJ.

3. gUj;jpiag] gwpf;Fk;nghJ/ Rs;sp/ brjpy;/ ,iy/ fhk;g[ nghd;w ,ju

bghUl;fisg] gwpj;jy] TlhJ.

4. gUj;jpapd] juthpiriag] ngqtjw;fhf/ ntW ntwhd gUj;jp ,uf']fis

xd;whff] fyf;fnth/ btt]ntW rka']fspy] gwpf;fg;gl;l xnu tifahd

gUj;jpiaf] fyf;fnth TlhJ.

5. gUj;jpapy] jz]zPh] bjspf;ff] TlhJ.

6. khl;Lj; jPtd']fs; nghd;w rk;ge;jk; ,y]yhj g[wg;bghUl;fisg] gUj;jpa[ld;

nruhky] ,Uf;Fk;goj] jdpahf itf;f ntz]Lk].

7. jP tpgj;Jf;fisj; jLf;f/ gl;lhR nghd;w btog; bghUl;fis/ gUj;jp

nrkpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpd; mUfpy; itj;jpUj;jy] TlhJ.

8. gUj;jpia tz;oapy; vLj;Jr] bry;Yk; nghJ gUj;jpf; Ftpaypd; kPJ gLj;J

cw']ff] TlhJ.

9. gUj]jpapid <ukhd epiyapy] \oa miwapnyh/ Fnlhdpnyh itj;J

,Uj;jy] TlhJ. mg]go bra;tjpdhy; Ez]qaphpfshy; gUj;jp E}y; ,iH

ghjpf;fg] gLtnjhL/ epw khw;wKk; Vw;gLk].

10. jiyapy] ,Ue;J cjpUk; Ko gUj;jpia khRgl itg]gjhy] gzpahsh]fis

gUj]jp Ftpay]fspd; kPJ cw']f mDkjpj]jy] TlhJ.

11. fPnH cjph]fpd;w jiyKo gUj;jpapid khR gLj;Jtjhy] gUj;jp cs;s

,l';fspy] rpif my']fhuj;ij mDkjpf;ff] TlhJ.

12. gUj;jpapd; khRg; bghUl;fshd rhf;Fg] igapd; Jfs;fs;/ fpHpe;j ghypj;jPd;/

rpWJz;Lfshd rzy] kw;Wk; gpsh!]of] fapWfs; mwnt ePf;fg;gl

ntz;Lk;.


55kyh] -34 ,jH; - 07

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk; - tpij ,Ug;g[ jfty;

f. Re;juyp';fk;/ br.Re;jnu!;tud; kw;Wk; m.br. bghd;Drhkp

tpij ikak;

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;

nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz: : 0422 - 6611232

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk; cw;gj;jp bra;j cah;

tpisr]ry; ,uf Mjhu epiy kw;Wk; cz:ik epiy tpijfs; fPH;f;fz:l

ml;ltizapYs;s Muha;r;rp epiya';fspy; tpw;gidf;fhf ,Ug;gpy;

cs;sd. tptrhapfs; rk;ke;jg;gl;l Muha;r;rp epiya';fspd; nguhrphpah;

kw;Wk; jiyth;fis mqfp tpijfisg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;SkhW md;nghL

nfl;Lf; bfhs;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;.

Mjhu epiy tpijfs;

cz:ik epiy tpijfs;

jkpH;ehL bey; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ MLJiw bey; - VOo 38/ VOo 46/ rp. Mh]. 1009

(bjhiyngrp vz; : 0435-2472108)

ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ bey; - VOo 39/ ogpv!;. 4

fps;spFsk; fj;jhp - nfnfvk;. 1

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ntshz;ikg] bghwpapay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; KU';if - gpnfvk;. 1

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(bjhiyngrp vz: : 0431-2541218, 2543718)

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ gthdprhfh] bey; - gthdp/ nfh. 43/ I.Mh]. 20

(bjhiyngrp vz; : 04295-240244)

kz;ly Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ iga{h] bey; - VOo 39/ iga{h]-1

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kz; kw;Wk; ePh] nkyhz:ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ j";rht{h] bey; - VOo 48

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bey; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ mk;ghrKj;jpuk; bey;-Vv!;o. 16/ Vv!;o. 18

(bjhiyngrp vz; : 04634-250215)

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ gukf;Fo bey; - gpvk;nf. 3

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(bjhiyngrp vz; : 0431-2690692)

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njrpa gaW tif Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ tk;gd; cSe;J - tpgpvd;. 3/ tpgpvd;. 4

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jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 6611232

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xU fz;nzhl ;lk ; - Tamil Nadu Agricultural Universityagritech.tnau.ac.in/pdf/tnau publication_July 2008 Valarum... · bts;isj ; j' ;fk; vd ;W miHf;fg ;gLk ; gUj;jp 5000 Mz ;LfSf;F