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Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI

Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI€¦ · Fusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regiment and many fighting in other regiments had died. This is the story of the

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Page 1: Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI€¦ · Fusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regiment and many fighting in other regiments had died. This is the story of the

Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI

THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI

Page 2: Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI€¦ · Fusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regiment and many fighting in other regiments had died. This is the story of the

RhagairForeword

CynnwysContents

Y GWIR ANRH. CARWYN JONES, ACPRIF WEINIDOG CYMRU

Mae canmlwyddiant y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yn gyfle pwysiginni gofio’r pris a delir mewn rhyfel, ac i gofio hefydaberth a dewrder pawb sy’n dioddef yn ei sgil. Roeddymgyrch Gallipoli yn frwydr galed ac, yn y pen draw, ynymgyrch aflwyddiannus. Serch hynny mae’n bwysig bodpob un ohonom yn clywed ac yn cofio’r hanes, erenghraifft storïau dynion fel Bechgyn ChwarelPenmaenmawr, a gofrestrodd gyda’i gilydd ac a gollwydi’w teuluoedd a’u cymunedau.

Hoffwn ddiolch i Mrs Anne Pedley a’i chyd-ymddiriedolwyryn Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig yngNghaernarfon am greu arddangosfa mor addysgiadol achofiadwy, er mwyn adrodd stori’r Cymry yn Gallipoli.Wrth i’r arddangosfa fynd ar ei thaith drwy Gymru, rwy’nsiwr y bydd llawer o storïau newydd yn dod i’r amlwg, acy byddwn yn dod i ddeall yn well sut y gwnaeth Gallipolieffeithio ar gymaint o fywydau a chymunedau, a pharhaui wneud hynny wedi digwyddiadau 1915.

RT. HON. CARWYN JONES, AMFIRST MINISTER OF WALES

The centenary of the First World War is an importantopportunity for us to reflect on the cost of war, and toremember the sacrifice and courage of all those involved.The Gallipoli campaign was a hard fought and ultimatelyunsuccessful campaign but the stories of Welshservicemen who took part need to be told andremembered by all of us. Men such as the PenmaenmawrQuarry Boys who joined together and were lost to theirfamilies and their local communities.

I would like to thank Mrs Anne Pedley and her fellowTrustees at the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum, Caernarfonfor creating such an informative and memorableexhibition telling the story of the Welsh at Gallipoli. As ittours through Wales, I am sure that many new stories willemerge which will add to our understanding of howGallipoli affected many lives and communities after theevents of 1915.

Y Cymry yn Gallipoli 01The Welsh at Gallipoli

Pam y Dardanelles? 02Why the Dardanelles?

Llinell Amser – Ymgyrch Gallipoli 03Timeline – The Gallipoli Campaign

Ymgyrch y Llynges 04The Naval Campaign

Stori Môr-filwr 05A Marine’s Story

Glaniadau Mis Ebrill 06The April Landings

Traeth V – Dwy Groes Fictoria i Gymru 07V Beach – Two Welsh Victoria Crosses

Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Croes Fictoria 08Able Seaman William Charles Williams, VC

Lt Cyrnol Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie, Croes Fictoria 09Lt Colonel Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie, VC

ANZAC – 25 Ebrill 1915 10ANZAC – 25th April 1915

Y Glaniadau ym Mae Suvla – Awst 1915 11The Landings at Suvla Bay – August 1915

Y Drenewydd yn y Rhyfel 12Newtown at War

Neuadd Gregynog – y Chwiorydd Davies a Gallipoli 13Gregynog Hall – the Davies Sisters and Gallipoli

Hogiau Chwarel Penmaenmawr 14The Penmaenmawr Quarry Boys

Y Storm Fawr 17The Great Storm

Yr Ymgiliad 18The Evacuation

Safbwynt y Tyrciaid o’r Ymgyrch 19The Turkish Perspective on the Campaign

Cofebau 20Memorials

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Yn 2015, mae canmlwyddiant ymgyrch Gallipoli.Mae Gallipoli wedi’i hanfarwoli yn atgofion poblAwstralia a Seland Newydd oherwydd ffurfiodd eugwyr fudiad enwog yr Australian and New ZealandArmy Corps (ANZAC).

Ar ddechrau’r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, gwledydd ifanc oedd Awstralia a SelandNewydd gyda phoblogaethau bach o 5 miliwn ac 1 miliwn o bobl yn y drefnhonno. Yn sgil dioddef dros 11,000 o golledigion a bron 25,000 oglwyfedigion, anogwyd diwrnod i gofio mor gynnar â 1916. Mae hyn wedisicrhau na fydd bywydau’r rhai a gollwyd yn ystod ymgyrch Gallipoli fyth yncael eu hanghofio.

Brwydrodd gwyr o sawl gwlad ochr yn ochr â gwyr ANZAC yn Gallipoli – oFfrainc, Y Tir Newydd ac India – yn ogystal â milwyr o’r holl wledydd cartref.

Fel Awstralia a Seland Newydd, roedd poblogaeth Cymru’n fach ac yn aml,mae pobl yn anghofio mai yn Gallipoli y gwelwyd rhai o ddiwrnodau tywyllafy rhyfel cyfan i Gymru, yn enwedig ym mis Awst pan aeth y 53ydd Adran[Cymreig] i ymladd ym Mae Suvla.

Erbyn diwedd ymgyrch Gallipoli, roedd dros 1,500 o wyro Gyffinwyr De Cymru, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig,Iwmoniaeth Ceffylau Cymru, Y Gatrawd Gymreig a sawlun a fu’n ymladd mewn catrodau eraill, wedi marw.

Dyma stori’r Cymry yn Gallipoli.

Cyffinwyr De CymruSouth Wales Borderers

Y Gatrawd GymreigWelch Regiment

Iwmoniaeth Ceffylau Cymru Sir DrefaldwynThe Montgomeryshire Yeomanry

The Welsh Horse

2015 is the centenary of the Gallipoli campaign.Gallipoli is immortalised in the memories of peopleof Australia and New Zealand whose men formedthe famous Australian and New Zealand ArmyCorps [ANZAC].

At the start of the First World War, Australia and New Zealand were youngcountries with small populations of 5 million and 1 million each. Aftersuffering casualties of over 11,000 dead and nearly 25,000 wounded, aday of remembrance was instigated as early as 1916. This has ensured thatthose who lost their lives during the Gallipoli campaign will never beforgotten.

Men from many nations fought alongside the ANZACs at Gallipoli – from France,Newfoundland and India – as well as soldiers from all the home nations.

Like Australia and New Zealand, the population of Wales was small and it isoften forgotten that Gallipoli saw some of the blackest days of the entirewar for Wales, especially in August when the 53rd [Welsh] Division went

into action at Suvla Bay.

By the end of the Gallipoli campaign, over 1,500 menfrom the South Wales Borderers, the Royal WelshFusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regimentand many fighting in other regiments had died.

This is the story of the Welsh at Gallipoli.

“A good army of 50,000 men and sea power –that is the end of the Turkish menace.” Winston Churchill 1915

“One night when I was going to HQ from thetrenches I heard some men in the dark sopulled out my revolver and waited, when theycame nearer I heard they were our men, twowere helping a man badly shot-through thethighs. I stopped them to see if I could doanything – but was unable – the dying manonly said “I have tried to do my duty so nothingelse matters.” The cries of the wounded weretoo awful all night.” Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers

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Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol CymreigRoyal Welsh Fusiliers

Byddin dda o 50,000 o wyr a grym y môr - dynaddiwedd bygythiad Twrci.” Winston Churchill 1915

“Un noson, pan oeddwn i’n dychwelyd i’rpencadlys o’r ffosydd, clywais swn dynion yn ytywyllwch felly tynnais fy mhistol ac aros. Panddaethant yn nes, clywais mai ein dynion nioedden nhw, dau yn helpu gwr oedd wedi’isaethu’n wael trwy’r cluniau. Stopiais i nhw iweld a allwn i wneud unrhyw beth - ond ni allwn- yr unig beth ddywedodd y gwr oedd yn marwoedd “Drïais i wneud fy nyletswydd felly dyna’igyd sy’n bwysig.” Roedd swn llefain y clwyfedigyn ddychrynllyd drwy’r nos.” Y Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Diolch i Richard Ward / Courtesy of Richard Ward

Frank Mills yn y ffosydd ynGallipoliDiolch i Amgueddfa’rFfiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Frank Mills in the trenchesat GallipoliCourtesy of the Royal WelchFusiliers Museum

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Nid oedd y rhyfel ar y Ffrynt Gorllewinol ar ben “erbyny Nadolig”. Roedd cyflymdra symudiad y rhyfel areolodd y rhan fwyaf o 1914 wedi’i ddisodli gan linello ffosydd a arweiniodd at sefyllfa ddiddatrys. RoeddCyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel yn chwilio am ffordd arall oddod â’r rhyfel i ben yn gyflym.

Ym mis Awst 1914, trechwyd byddin Rwsia ymmrwydr Tannenberg ond parhaodd i ddal adnoddauenfawr o fyddin yr Almaen i fyny ar y Ffrynt Dwyreiniol.O boeni fod porthladdoedd Odessa a Sebastopol y MôrDu mewn perygl o gael eu hymosod arnynt, galwoddRwsia ar Brydain Fawr a Ffrainc am gymorth.

Os oedd modd gorfodi Twrci, oedd yn rhan o’rYmerodraeth Otoman, ac wedi’i chynghreirio i’rPwerau Canol, allan o’r rhyfel, byddai modd sefydlucyflenwadau i Rwsia. Byddai hyn yn galluogi mynediadi feysydd olew Persia, byddai Camlas Swes yn parhau igael ei hamddiffyn a byddai modd ymosod ar yrAlmaen o ffrynt arall.

Ar ôl gwneud y penderfyniad i ymosod ar yDardanelles, bwriadwyd dinistrio’r amddiffynfeyddTwrcaidd wrth y fynedfa i’r Culforoedd. Wedyn, byddaillongau llynges Prydain a Ffrainc yn parhau i hwylio ifyny’r Narrows, gan rwystro’r magnelfeydd Twrcaidd ary lan. Bydden nhw’n dinistrio’r amddiffynfeyddmewnol wrth i’r llongau pysgota ffrwydron gliriounrhyw rwystrau. Pan allai’r grymoedd Cynghreiriolfynd i fyny Culforoedd y Dardanelles ac i mewn i FôrMarmora, gallent gipio dinas hynafol Constantinople.Byddai hyn yn gwthio Twrci allan o’r rhyfel ac yn dod ârhyddhad i borthladdoedd Môr Du Rwsia.

The war on the Western Front was not “over byChristmas”. The fast-paced war of movement thatdominated most of 1914 had been replaced by aline of trenches resulting in deadlock. The British War Council were looking for another way to end the war swiftly.

In August 1914, the Russian army had beendefeated at the battle of Tannenberg although itcontinued to tie up huge resources of the Germanarmy on the Eastern Front. Worried that their BlackSea ports of Odessa and Sebastopol were in dangerof being attacked, Russia called on Great Britain andFrance for assistance.

If Turkey, part of the Ottoman Empire, and allied tothe Central Powers, could be forced out of the war,supply lines to Russia could be established. Thiswould enable access to the Persian oilfields, the SuezCanal would remain protected and Germany couldbe attacked from another front.

Once the decision had been made to attack theDardanelles, it was planned to destroy the Turkishforts at the entrance to the Straits. British and Frenchnaval ships would then continue to sail up TheNarrows, putting out of action the Turkish batterieson the shore. They would destroy the inner forts,whilst minesweepers would clear any obstacles.Once Allied forces could proceed up the Straits of theDardanelles and into the Sea of Marmora they couldtake the ancient city of Constantinople. This wouldpush Turkey out of the war and bring relief to theRussian Black Sea ports.

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“Dylai’r Morlys baratoi amGyrch Llyngesol ym misChwefror er mwyn peledu achipio Penrhyn Gallipoli, gydaConstantinople yn nod iddo.”Cyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel

“The Admiralty should preparefor a Naval Expedition inFebruary to bombard and takethe Gallipoli Peninsula, withConstantinople its objective.”British War Council

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Jac Yr Undeb Prydain FawrThe Union Flag of Great Britain

Baner Ymerodol Ymerawdwr Rwsia 1858 – 1917Diolch i Trajan 117

Imperial Standard of the Emperor of Russia 1858 – 1917Courtesy of Trajan 117

Baner FfraincFrench Flag

Tsar Nicholas II O RwsiaTsar Nicholas II of RussiaQ81554©Imperial War Museum

Kaiser Wilhelm IIQ79121©Imperial War Museum

King George VQ70188©Imperial War Museum

Winston ChurchillDiolch I Ernest Herbert Mills (1974-1942)Courtesy of Ernest Herbert Mills (1874-1942)

Diolch i Paolo Ceruti (OpenStreetMap)Courtesy of Paolo Ceruti (OpenStreetMap)

Gibraltar Malta

Alexandria, Egypt

Gallipoli

Diolch i Mrs Joan ShirleyCourtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

Poster Recriwtio GallipoliGallipoli Recruiting PosterIWM PST0398©Imperial War Museum

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Baner Ymerodraeth Yr AlmaenFlag of the German Empire

Baner Ymerodraeth OsmanaiddDiolch i Kerem �Özcan

Flag of the Ottoman EmpireCourtesy of Kerem �Özcan

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4 Awst Rhyfel wedi’i Gyhoeddi

5 Tachwedd Ffrainc a Phrydain Fawr yn cyhoeddi rhyfel yn erbyn yrYmerodraeth Otoman sy’n cynnwys Twrci

13 Ionawr Winston Churchill, Arglwydd Cyntaf yn y Morlys, yn cyflwynocynllun i Gyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel er mwyn i’r Llyngesymosod ar y Dardanelles ac agor Trydydd Ffrynt

19 Chwefror Bombardiadau’n cychwyn dan orchymyn y Llyngesydd – 16 Mawrth Carden

12 Mawrth Bombardiadau’r Llynges yn methu. Churchill yn penodi SyrIan Hamilton i orchymyn Byddin Ymgyrchol y Canoldir

16 Mawrth Y Llyngesydd Carden yn ymddiswyddo ac yn cael ei ddisodligan y Llyngesydd de Robeck

18 Mawrth Ymosodiad llyngesol y Llyngesydd de Robeck yn methu Llong Ryfel Ffrainc, sef “Bouvet” a llongau rhyfel Prydain“Irresistible” ac “Ocean” yn suddo

25 Ebrill Glaniadau yn Helles ac ANZAC 2il Fataliwn Cyffinwyr De Cymru’n glanio ar Draeth “S”, HellesYmosodiad Gwrthdyniadol y Ffrancod yn Kum Kale

28 Ebrill – 4 Mehefin Tair brwydr aflwyddiannus i gipio Krithia 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru

6 Awst Glaniadau ac ymladd ym Mae Suvla ac ANZAC 4ydd Cyffinwyr De Cymru8fed Catrawd Gymreig8fed Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol CymreigCefnogi 3ydd Brigâd Ceffylau Ysgafn Awstralia yn y Nek

9 Awst Glaniad ym Mae Suvla53ydd Adran [Cymru]5ed, 6ed a 7fed Bataliynau’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig4edd a 5ed Catrawd Gymreig

21 Awst 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru, 29ain AdranYmosodiad ar Fryn Scimitar, Bae SuvlaY Ceffylau Cymreig a 4ydd Cyffinwyr De Cymru’n ymladd arFryn 60

16 Hydref Y Cadfridog Syr Ian Hamilton yn cael ei ddiswyddo a’iddisodli gan y Cadfridog Charles Monro

15 Tachwedd Y Cadlywydd Horatio Kitchener yn ymweld â Gallipoli ac yncefnogi’r argymhelliad i’r fintai ymgilio

27 – 30 Tachwedd Mae’r Storm Fawr yn para tridiauMae’r cwympedigion yn hynod ddifrifol ar y ddwy ochr

Rhagfyr 1915 Y fintai wedi’i hymgilio o Helles, ANZAC a Bae Suvla– Ionawr 1916

4th August War Declared

5th November France and Great Britain declares war on the Ottoman Empirethat includes Turkey

13th January Winston Churchill, First Sea Lord, presents a plan to theBritish War Council for the Navy to attack the Dardanelles andopen up a Third Front

19th February Under the command of Admiral Carden – 16th March bombardments commence

12th March The Naval bombardments fail. Sir Ian Hamilton appointed tocommand the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force by Churchill

16th March Admiral Carden resigns and is replaced by Admiral de Robeck

18th March Admiral de Robeck’s naval attack failsThe French battleship “Bouvet” and British battleships“Irresistible” and “Ocean” sunk

25th April Landings at Helles and ANZAC2nd Battalion South Wales Borderers land at “S” Beach, HellesFrench Diversionary attack at Kum Kale

28th April – 4th June Three unsuccessful battles to take Krithia2nd South Wales Borderers

6th August Landings and actions at Suvla Bay and ANZAC4th South Wales Borderers8th Welch Regiment8th Royal Welsh FusiliersSupport the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade at The Nek

9th August Land at Suvla Bay53rd [Welsh] Division5th, 6th & 7th Battalions Royal Welsh Fusiliers4th & 5th Welch Regiment

21st August 2nd South Wales Borderers, 29th DivisionAttack on Scimitar Hill, Suvla BayThe Welsh Horse and 4th South Wales Borderers in action atHill 60

16th October General Sir Ian Hamilton dismissed and replaced by GeneralCharles Monro

15th November Field Marshal Horatio Kitchener visits Gallipoli and supportsthe recommendation to evacuate troops

27th – 30th November The Great Storm lasts for three daysCasualties are extremely severe on both sides

December 1915 Troops evacuated from Helles, ANZAC and Suvla Bay– January 1916

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6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreigyn Gorymdeithio Cyn Gadael am GallipoliFfotograff – Diolch i Will Morris

6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers Marching Prior to Leaving for GallipoliPhotograph – Courtesy of Will Morris

Map Darluniadol o Gallipoli o’r “Graphic”Pictorial Map of Gallipoli from the “Graphic”Q70855©Imperial War Museum

“Hwylion ni am 2pm ar y 14eg. Bwydar y bwrdd, bisgedi ci caled a brasiawn bob yn eilddydd i de. Gwnaethomrai driliau corfforol yn ystod y dydd achysgon ni mewn gwelyau crog.”

Dyddiadur R J Davies, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig– Diolch i’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

“Sailed at 2 pm on the 14th. Food onboard very coarse hard dog biscuitsevery other day for tea. We did somephysical drills during the day and sleptin hammocks.”

Diary of R J Davies, 6th Battalion RWF – Courtesy of Royal Welsh Fusiliers 3

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19 CHWEFROR – 18 MAWRTH 1915Ar 19 Chwefror, dechreuodd fflyd o longau rhyfel yllynges Brydeinig a Ffrengig, gan gynnwys llong ryfelnewydd sbon HMS Queen Elizabeth fombardiad ar yramddiffynfeydd Twrcaidd oedd yn gwarchod yfynedfa i’r Narrows. Parhaodd hyn, gyda rhywfaint olwyddiant, hyd nes i’r tywydd gwael ar 25 Chwefroreu gorfodi i gymryd egwyl.

Gwnaed ymgais drychinebus olaf i orfodi’r Narrowsar 18 Mawrth gan ddefnyddio grym llongau rhyfelPrydain a Ffrainc. Suddwyd tair llong ryfel Brydeinigoherwydd ffrwydron – yr “Inflexible”, yr “Irresistible”a’r “Ocean” a suddwyd dwy long ryfel o Ffrainc hefydgan ffrwydron, sef “Bouvet” a “Gaulois” a olygoddfod dros 600 o fywydau wedi’u colli.

Er y llwyddwyd i roi stop ar gynnau Twrci a dinistrionifer fawr o ffrwydron, methiant oedd y bombardiadac nid oeddent wedi sylweddoli ar allu lluoedd Twrci.

Cyrhaeddodd Syr Ian Hamilton Gallipoli’r diwrnodwedyn a stopio’r ymosodiad, gan ddechrau cynllunioar gyfer glaniad. Nid oedd yn ymwybodol fodcyflenwad ffrwydron rhyfel byddin Twrci bron ar bena bod angen dybryd arnynt i ailgyflenwi’u stoc.

Datganodd y Cadfridog Liman von Sanders, oeddyng ngofal byddin Twrci:

“Pe byddai Byddin Lloegr ond yn fyngadael i’n llonydd am wyth diwrnod.”

Rhoesant lonydd iddo am 29 diwrnod…tan yglaniad yn Helles ar 25 Ebrill, 1915.

19th FEBRUARY – 18th MARCH 1915A fleet of British and French naval warships, includingthe brand-new battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth,began a bombardment of the Turkish forts guardingthe entrance to The Narrows on the 19th February.This continued, with some success, until bad weatheron the 25th February forced a break.

A final disastrous attempt was made to force TheNarrows on the 18th March using the might of Britishand French battleships. Three British warships hadbeen sunk due to mines – the “Inflexible” the“Irresistible” and the “Ocean” and two Frenchbattleships – “Bouvet” and “Gaulois” were also sunkby mines with the loss of over 600 lives.

Although Turkish guns had been put out of actionand many mines destroyed, the bombardment was afailure and Turkish forces had been under-estimated.

The following day, Sir Ian Hamilton arrived atGallipoli and halted the attack, beginning to plan fora landing. He was unaware that the Turkish armywas nearly out of ammuntion and desperatelyneeded to re-supply.

General Liman von Sanders, in charge of the Turkisharmy stated:

“If the English Army would only leaveme alone for eight days.”

They left him alone for 29 days…until the landing atHelles on the 25th April, 1915.

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Y Cadfridog Otto Liman von SandersGeneral Otto Liman von Sanders ©Project Gutenberg

HMS Cornwallis yn Tanio ar Magnelfeydd TwrcaiddHMS Cornwallis Firing on Turkish BatteriesQ13682©Imperial War Museum

O Ddyddiadur J W Thomas o Niwbwrch, Ynys Môn, oeddyn gwasanaethu ar HMS “Canopus”:

44 MMaawwrrtthh,, 11991155::“Mewn brwydr yn ymosod ar yrAmddiffynfeydd a’r Magnelfeydd,yn chwythu trefi a phentrefi i fyny.Cawsom ambell i glec ein hunain,un trwy fyrddau’r swyddogion,cariodd un y prif dopmast i ffwrdd,sawl twll ym myrddau’r cwch,cychod wedi’u taro gan shrapnel.Sawl clec ar ochr y llong heb gaeleffaith. Neb wedi’u clwyfo.”

1188 MMaawwrrtthh,, 11991155::“Aeth y fflyd Brydeinig a Ffrengig ifyny’r Dardanelles. Am 4 o’r glochyr hwyr, suddwyd Llong RyfelFfrengig. Dydw i ddim yn gwybodsawl bywyd a gollwyd eto. MaeLlong Ryfel Ffrengig arall wedi’idifrodi’n wael, ond llwyddon nhw igael hi i’r lan. Suddwyd Irresistible,ond cafodd bron pawb eu hachub.Suddwyd yr Ocean, ac achubwydpawb ond un. Cafodd criwmagnelwyr cyfan eu difa ar yPrince George, sef colled o tua 1500o wyr. Dyna oedd uffern go iawn.”

From the Diary of J W Thomas of Newborough, Anglesey,serving on HMS “Canopus”:

44tthh MMaarrcchh,, 11991155:: “In action engaging the Forts andBatteries, blowing up towns andvillages. Got a few shots ourselves,one through the Quarterdeck, onecarried away the main topmast,several holes in the boat decks, boatssmashed by shrapnel. Several shotson the ship’s side with no effect. Nocasualties.”

1188tthh MMaarrcchh,, 11991155::“The fleet went up the Dardanelles,British and French. At 4.00 pm aFrench Battleship was sunk. I don’tknow how many lives is lost yet.Another French Battleship badlydamaged, they managed to beach her.The Irresistible was sunk, mostly allsaved. The Ocean was sunk, all savedexcept one. A whole guncrew waswiped out on the Prince George, ourcasualties about 1500 men. It was aproper hell.”

HMS CanopusQ74923©Imperial War Museum

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Atebodd Harry Oswald “Ossie” Fielding oGaerdydd yr alwad i ryfel yn fuan wedi i’rrhyfel dorri. Cofrestrodd â Throedfilwyr Ysgafny Môr-filwyr Brenhinol gan ymuno â Chwmni“C” Bataliwn Plymouth.

Erbyn mis Chwefror 1915, roedd yn hwylioam Gallipoli ar yr “SS Braemar Castle” ermwyn cymryd rhan yn y frwydr lyngesol idawelu’r gynnau Twrcaidd oedd yn gwarchody fynedfa i’r Dardanelles.

Ar 4 Mawrth, glaniodd Ossie gyda BataliwnPlymouth yn Kum Kale. Ei rôl ef oedddiogelu’r partïon dymchwel a gafodd y dasg ochwythu gynnau Twrcaidd i fyny a gollwngffrwydron ger pentref Yeni Sher. GoroesoddOssie, ond lladdwyd un deg saith o’i gyd-fôr-filwyr a gadawyd ymgyrch y llynges yn fuanwedi hynny o blaid glaniad graddfa lawn gandroedfilwyr ar y penrhyn.

Ar 25 Ebrill, Bataliwn Plymouth, ynghyd âChwmni o Gyffinwyr De Cymru, oedd y cyntaf ilanio ar Draeth Y. I ddechrau, aeth pethau’n dda ac roedd modd i grwp bach o Fôr-filwyr fynd i mewn ibentref diffaith Krithia. Yn eironig, ni chymerwyd y fan strategol hon erioed. Wynebodd y gwyr ar Draeth Ysaethu dwys gan y Tyrciaid yn ystod y nos a gadawsant ac ymgilion nhw o’r traeth y bore wedyn.

Wrth i’r ymgyrch fynd yn ei blaen, symudodd y Môr-filwyr i ANZAC a chymerodd Ossie ran yn yr ail a’rtrydydd brwydr am Krithia lle’r oedd y gwn Twrcaidd enfawr “Asiatic Annie” yn saethu atynt.

Erbyn 6 Mehefin, roedd dros hanner y bataliwn, oedd wedi blino oherwydd y brwydro a’r amodau ynANZAC, yn dioddef o ddysentri ac ar 12 Mehefin, anfonwyd Ossie i’r ysbyty yn dioddef o deiffoid.

Ni ddaeth rhyfel Ossie i ben yn Gallipoli. Ar ôl iddo wella, aeth ymlaen i wasanaethu yn Scapa Flow a’rFfrynt Gorllewinol, gan gymryd comisiwn yn y pen draw gyda Chatrawd Manceinion a gwasanaethugyda’r 2/8fed Worcesters.

Harry Oswald “Ossie” Fielding from Cardiffanswered the call to arms shortly after war brokeout. He enlisted in the Royal Marine’s LightInfantry joining “C” Company of the PlymouthBattalion.

By February 1915, he found himself sailing forGallipoli on the “SS Braemar Castle” to take partin the naval battle to silence the Turkish artilleryguns guarding the entrance to the Dardanelles.

Ossie landed with the Plymouth Battalion on the4th March at Kum Kale. His role was to protectdemolition parties tasked with blowing up Turkishguns and ammunition dumps near the village ofYeni Sher. Ossie survived, but seventeen fellowMarines were killed and the naval campaign wasabandoned shortly afterward in favour of a fullscale infantry landing on the peninsula.

On the 25th April, the Plymouth Battalion, alongwith a Company from the South Wales Borderers,were the first to land on Y Beach. Initially, thingswent well and a small group of Marines wereable to enter the deserted village of Krithia.Ironically, this strategic point was never taken.The men at Y Beach came under intensive Turkishfire during the night and were evacuated fromthe beach the following morning.

As the campaign progressed, the Marines movedto ANZAC and Ossie took part in the second andthird battles for Krithia coming under fire from thehuge Turkish gun “Asiatic Annie”.

By the 6th June, more than half of the battalion,worn down by battle and conditions at ANZAC,were suffering from dysentery and on the 12thJune, Ossie was sent to hospital, suffering fromenteric fever.

Ossie’s war did not end at Gallipoli. Once herecovered he went on to serve at Scapa Flow andthe Western Front, eventually taking acommission with the Manchester Regiment andserving with the 2/8th Worcesters.

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Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Courtesy of the Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Diolch i Dr Jonathan P HicksCourtesy of Dr Jonathan P Hicks

Ossie ar adeg Glaniadau GallipoliDiolch i Dr Jonathan P Hicks

Ossie at the time of the Gallipoli LandingsCourtesy of Dr Jonathan P Hicks

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2IL FATALIWN CYFFINWYR DECYMRU YN HELLESAr 25 Ebrill 1915, glaniodd y 29ain Adran wyr arbum traeth ar ben De-Orllewinol penrhyn Gallipolia adwaenir fel Helles. Eu bwriad oedd cipiopentref Achi Baba. I gyfeiriad y Gogledd, gwnaedcam dargyfeiriol gan Adran y Llynges Frenhinol ynBulair. O’r ochr gyferbyn, ar y tir mawr yn KumKale, gwnaeth y Ffrancod ymosodiad tebyg iddargyfeirio’r sylw o’r prif ymladd yn Helles.

Glaniodd 2il Fataliwn Cyffinwyr De Cymru arDraeth “S” ac erbyn 08.30, diogelwyd y sectorhwn gyda nifer gymharol fach o gwympedigion.Ar ôl cipio Magnelfa De Tott, cloddiodd ybataliwn i mewn ac aros. Lladdwyd 16 o wyr, gangynnwys y Preifat Robert James o Ferthyr Tudfula’r Lefftenant Robert Philip Behrens o Ddinbych.Nid oes gan yr un ohonynt feddau y gwyddwnamdanynt a chânt eu coffau ar Gofeb Helles.

Gwasanaethodd 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru ar hydymgyrch Gallipoli a chymerasant ran yn ybrwydrau i gipio Krithia ym mis Mai a misMehefin. Ym mis Awst, symudon nhw i Suvla acroeddent yn rhan o’r ymosodiad ar Fryn Scimitar.Nhw oedd rhai o’r fintai olaf i adael Gallipoli ymmis Ionawr 1916 ac ar ôl cyfnod byr yn yr Aifft,gadawson nhw i fynd am y Ffrynt Gorllewinol.

2ND BATTALION SOUTH WALESBORDERERS AT HELLESOn the 25th April 1915, the 29th Divisionlanded men at five beaches on the South Westtip of the Gallipoli peninsula known as Helles.Their objective was to capture the village ofAchi Baba. To the North, a diversionary actionwas made by the Royal Naval Division at Bulair.On the opposite side, on the mainland at KumKale, the French made a similar attack to divertattention from the main action at Helles.

The 2nd Battalion South Wales Bordererslanded at “S” Beach and, by 08.30, this sectorwas secured with comparatively few casualties.After capturing De Tott’s Battery, the battaliondug in and waited. 16 men were killed,including Private Robert James from MerthyrTydfil and Lt Robert Philip Behrens fromDenbigh. None have known graves and theyare commemorated on the Helles Memorial.

The 2nd South Wales Borderers servedthroughout the Gallipoli campaign and tookpart in the battles to capture Krithia in May andJune. In August, they moved to Suvla and wereinvolved in the attack on Scimitar Hill. Theywere some of the last troops to leave Gallipoliin January 1916 and after a short spell inEgypt, they left for the Western Front.

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Map a luniwyd gan Lt Cyrnol C E Kitchin, DSO,Cyffinwr De CymruDiolch i’w wyres , Ann Payne

Map Drawn by Lt Col C E Kitchin, DSO,South Wales BorderersCourtesy of his Grand-daughter, Ann Payne

Preifat William Harry Smith [Yn eistedd]2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru – Lladdwyd mewn brwydr 25 Ebrill 1915Diolch i Amgueddfa Gatrodol y Cymry Brenhinol, Aberhonddu

Private William Harry Smith [Seated]2nd South Wales Borderers – Killed in Action 25th April 1915Courtesy of The Regimental Museum of the Royal Welsh, Brecon

Lt Rupert Charles Inglis2il Gyffinwyr De CymruBu farw o’i glwyfau – 29 Mehefin 1915Diolch i Amgueddfa Gatrodol y Cymry Brenhinol,Aberhonddu

Lt Rupert Charles Inglis2nd South Wales BorderersDied of Wounds – 29th June 1915Courtesy of the Regimental Museum of the RoyalWelsh, Brecon

Lt Robert Philip Behrens2il Fataliwn, Cyffinwyr De CymruBu farw o’i glwyfau ar fwrdd HMS CornwallisFe’i claddwyd yn y môr ac mae’n cael eigoffáu ar Gofeb HellesDiolch i Archif Coleg Caer-wynt

Lt Robert Philip Behrens2nd Battalion, South Wales BorderersDied of his wounds on board HMS CornwallisBuried at sea and commemorated on theHelles MemorialCourtesy of Winchester College Archive

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“Ceffyl Troea”Digwyddodd y prif laniadau ar Draeth “V”. Tiriwyd SS “River Clyde”, hengwch glowyr, yn fwriadol er mwyn glanio’r fintai’n syth i’r lan. Dilynodd ygwyr oedd yn weddill mewn cychod tebyg.

Cafodd Traeth V, dan gysgod adfeilion hen gaer i gyfeiriad y gorllewin achastell a chaer Sedd-el-Bahr i gyfeiriad y dwyrain, ei amddiffyn yn drwmgan fyddin Twrci. Aeth pethau o’i le o’r cychwyn bron. Gwnaeth cerrynt cryfatal y cychod llai rhag glanio’n uniongyrchol ar y traeth a boddwyd sawlgwr cyn iddynt gyrraedd eu nod. Cwympodd y bont nofiol ar yr SS “RiverClyde” bron yn syth wrth i’r dynion geisio gadael y llong.

Gwelodd ddau ddyn ar fwrdd y “River Clyde” y digwyddiadau hyn yn myndrhagddynt – sef y Llongwr abl William Charles Williams o Gas-gwent a’r LtCyrnol Charles Doughty-Wylie, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig syddynghlwm â staff Syr Ian Hamilton. Byddai Croes Fictoria’n cael ei gwobrwyoiddynt am eu gweithredoedd y diwrnod canlynol.

“The Trojan Horse”The main landings took place at “V” Beach. The SS “River Clyde”, an oldcollier boat, was deliberately grounded in order to land troops directly ontothe shore. The remaining men followed in smaller boats.

V Beach, dominated by the ruins of an old fort on the west and by the castleand fort of Sedd-el-Bahr on the east, was heavily-defended by the Turkisharmy. Almost from the beginning, things went wrong. A strong currentprevented the smaller boats from landing directly on the beach and many menwere drowned before they reached their objective. The floating bridge on theSS “River Clyde” collapsed almost immediately as men tried to leave the ship.

Watching these events unfold were two men on board the “River Clyde” –Able Seaman William Charles Williams from Chepstow and Lt ColonelCharles Doughty-Wylie, Royal Welsh Fusiliers attached to Sir Ian Hamilton’sstaff. They would be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions thefollowing day.

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V Beach heddiw Diolch i Graham Knight

V Beach today Courtesy of Graham Knight

V Beach ©Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia G00955

V Beach © Australian War Memorial G00955

SS River Clyde – Traeth VSS River Clyde – V BeachQ13236©Imperial War Museum

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Digwyddodd y prif laniadau ar Draeth “V” adechreuodd pethau fynd o’i le bron o’rcychwyn – roedd y llanw’n gryfach na’rdisgwyl a dechreuodd troedle’r cychod bachgwympo. Taflwyd dynion i’r môr lle na allentnofio oherwydd yr isgerrynt a’u hoffer trwm.Saethodd byddin Twrci’n llym tuag atyntgyda’r goroeswyr yn cofio i’r môr droi’n gochgan waed.

Byddai mwy o fywydau wedi’u colli oni bai amweithredoedd cyflym sawl gwr, gan gynnwysy Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, asylweddolodd ar y cyd â’i Bennaeth Milwrol,Edwin Unwin, fod y cwch mwd oedd yndiogelu’r cychod wedi mynd gyda’r llif.Neidiodd y dynion oddi ar y bwrdd a gyrrudau fad at ei gilydd. Daliodd Williams ymlaen iraff am dros awr mewn dwr rhewllyd cyn caelei glwyfo’n angheuol gan ffrwydrad siel.Disgrifiwyd Williams gan Unwin, a oroesoddac y dyfarnwyd Croes Fictoria iddo “Fel gwroedd yn haeddu Croes Fictoria, uwchlawpawb arall yn y glaniad.”

Ailymunodd Williams â’r Llynges ym 1914 arôl gwasanaethu yn y Rhyfel yn erbyn yBoeriaid ac yng Ngwrthryfel Boxer. DyfarnwydCroes Fictoria i’r preswylydd o Gas-gwent, SirFynwy, am ei ddewrder ar ôl ei farwolaeth.

The main landings took place on “V” Beachand almost from the beginning, things startedto go wrong – the tide was stronger thanexpected and the bridgehead of small boatsbegan to collapse. Men were flung into the seawhere they were unable to swim due to theundercurrent and their heavy equipment. Theycame under withering fire from the Turkisharmy with survivors recalling that the seaturned red with blood.

More lives would have been lost but for thequick action of several men including AbleSeaman William Charles Williams, who withhis Commanding Officer, Edwin Unwin,realised that the hopper securing the boatshad gone adrift. The men jumped overboardand lashed two lighters together. Williamsheld onto the rope for over an hour in freezingcold water before being mortally wounded bya shell blast. Unwin, who survived and wasalso awarded the VC, described Williams “Asa man above all others who deserved the VCat the landing.”

Williams had rejoined the Navy in 1914 afterserving in the Boer War and at the BoxerRebellion. A resident of Chepstow,Monmouthshire, he was posthumouslyawarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery.

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Glaniad y Fintai o HMT River Clyde yn Sedd el Bahr, Gallipoli25 Ebrill 1915 gan Charles Dixon, RA ©Amgueddfa Cas-gwent

The Landing of Troops from HMT River Clyde at Sedd el Bahr, Gallipoli25th April 1915 by Charles Dixon, RA ©Chepstow Museum

Gynfwrdd o Gwch-U Almaenig – UB-91Cyflwynwyd i Gas-gwent gan Frenin Siôr V ar ôl y Rhyfel Byd CyntafEr mwyn cydnabod dewrder y Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Y Llynges Frenhinol, Croes Fictoria Diolch i Andy Dingley

Deck Gun from German U-Boat – UB-91Presented to Chepstow by King George V after World War 1 In recognition of the bravery of Able-Seaman William Charles Williams,RN, VC Courtesy of Andy Dingley

Cofeb y Llynges Frenhinol – PortsmouthDiolch i Martyn Pattison

Royal Navy Memorial – PortsmouthCourtesy of Martyn Pattison

Y Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Y Llynges Frenhinol, Croes Fictoria©Amgueddfa Cas-gwent

Able-Seaman William Charles Williams,RN, VC©Chepstow Museum

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Ganed Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie ym 1868.Ymunodd â’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig ym 1889a gwasanaethodd yn weithgar gyda’r gatrawd mewnmannau cyn belled â Tsieina a Somaliland cyn derbyndyletswyddau diplomataidd yn y Dwyrain Canol.

Roedd Doughty-Wylie yn adnabodTwrci’n dda a dyfarnwyd UrddMedidje iddo am ei wasanaethaugydag uned Croes Goch Twrci ynystod Rhyfeloedd y Balcanau.

Penododd Syr Ian Hamilton ef i’wStaff ar fwrdd y River Clydeoherwydd dyfnder ei wybodaeth, aco’r llong wedi glanio hon yrarsylwodd Doughty-Wylie a’r Staff aranhrefn y glaniadau ar Draeth V.

O sylweddoli bod angen gwneudrhywbeth, gadawodd Doughty-Wyliea Chapten Walford y cwch ac ad-drefnu’r dynion i wneud ailymosodad i gipio’r amddiffynfa ynSedd-el-Bahr. Arweiniodd Doughty-Wylie gyda dim ond ffon gerdded yn arf. Cafodd ei laddgan saethwr cudd yn fuan ar ôl iddynt gymryd y safle.Bu farw Walford yn yr ymosodiad hefyd a dyfarnwydCroes Fictora i’r ddau ohonynt ar ôl eu marwolaethau.

Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie was born in 1868. Hejoined the Royal Welsh Fusiliers in 1889 and sawactive service with the regiment in places as far afieldas China and Somaliland before taking up diplomaticduties in the Middle East.

Doughty-Wylie knew Turkey well andhad been awarded the Order ofMedidje for his services with a TurkishRed Cross unit during the Balkan Wars.

Sir Ian Hamilton appointed him to hisStaff on board the River Clyde becauseof his depth of knowledge, and it wasfrom the beached ship, that Doughty-Wylie and the Staff observed the chaosof the landings on V Beach.

Realising that something needed to bedone, Doughty-Wylie and CaptainWalford left the boat and re-organisedthe men to make a second attack tocapture the fort at Sedd-el-Bahr.Doughty-Wylie led with only hiswalking-stick as a weapon. He was

killed by a sniper shortly after the position was taken.Walford also died in the attack and both men wereposthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.

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Dyfyniad Croes Fictoria – London Gazette, 23 Mehefin, 1915

“Ar 26 Ebrill, 1915, yn dilyn glaniad addigwyddodd ar y traeth ar fan arbenrhyn Gallipoli, lle lladdwyd Brigadyddac Uwchgapten Brigâd, trefnodd acarweiniodd y Lefftenant-Cyrnol Doughty-Wylie a’r Capten Walford ymosodiad trwyac ar ddwy ochr y pentref yn Sedd elBahr ac ar yr Hen Gastell ar ben y brynar y tir. Roedd safle’r gelyn wedi’iymgloddio’n gryf iawn ac wedi’iamddiffyn gan gynnau peiriant a gynnaupom pom cudd.

Roedd yr ymosodiad yn llwyddiant llwyr,yn bennaf oherwydd mentergarwch, sgil agwroldeb mawr y ddau swyddog hyn.Lladdwyd y ddau adeg y fuddugoliaeth.”

Victoria Cross Citation – London Gazette, 23rd June, 1915

“On the 26th April, 1915, subsequent to alanding having been effected on the beachat a point on the Gallipoli peninsula,during which both Brigadier-General andBrigade Major had been killed,Lieutenant-Colonel Doughty-Wylie andCaptain Walford organised and led anattack through and on both sides of thevillage at Sedd el Bahr on the Old Castleat the top of the hill inland. The enemy’sposition was very strongly entrenched anddefended with concealed machine-gunsand pom-poms.

It was mainly due to the initiative, skilland great gallantry of these two officersthat the attack was a complete success.Both were killed in the moment ofvictory.”

SS “River Clyde” wedi’i dirio yn Gallipoli 1915Ernest Brooks –The War Illustrated 25 Mehefin 1915

SS “River Clyde” beached at Gallipoli 1915Ernest Brooks –The War Illustrated 25th June 1915

Lt Cyrnol C H MDoughty Wylie, VCDiolch i Amgueddfa’rFfiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Lt Colonel C H MDoughty Wylie, VCCourtesy of the Royal WelchFusiliers Museum

Lt Cyrnol C H MDoughty WylieCroes FictoriaDiolch i Anne Pedley

Lt Col C H MDoughty WylieVictoria CrossCourtesy of Anne Pedley

Bedd y Lt Cyrnol C H M Doughty-Wylie, Croes FictoriaSedd el Bahr – yr unig fedd preifat yn GallipoliDiolch i Marietta Crichton Stuart

The grave of Lt Col C H M Doughty-Wylie, VCSedd el Bahr – the only private grave at GallipoliCourtesy of Marietta Crichton Stuart

Lt Cyrnol C H M Doughty WylieDiolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Lt Col C H M Doughty WylieCourtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum

Lillian a Dick Doughty-WylieCyflwynwyd Croes Fictoria i Lily gan y Brenin Siôr ymMhalas Buckingham, 8 Mawrth, 1921Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Lillian and Dick Doughty-WylieThe Victoria Cross was presented to Lily by KingGeorge at Buckingham Palace, 8th March, 1921Courtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum

Gertrude Bell,1909, Irac© Archif Gertrude Bell, Prif Ysgol Newcastle

Gertrude Bell,1909, Iraq© Gertrude Bell Archive, Newcastle University

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Ar 25 Ebrill, ymhellach i’r gogledd ac yn nhywyllwch oriau mân y bore, gwnaedy glaniad cyntaf ar benrhyn Gallipoli gan yr ANZACs. Saethodd y fintai’n rhybell dros eu glaniad gerllaw pentir Gaba Tepe a bu rhaid i 4,000 gloddio’ngyflym o dan y clogwyni yn Ari Burnu. Ychydig wrthsafiad a gafwyd gan yTyrciaid yn y cychwyn, ond o sylweddoli mai cefnau Chunuk Bair a Sari Bairoedd y prif amcanion, dargyfeiriodd Cyrnol Mustapha Kemal ei fintai’n gyflym.Erbyn canol dydd, torrodd brwydr ffyrnig a chwerw a fyddai’n para am droswyth mis. Gwelodd y diwrnod cyntaf yn unig dros 700 o ddynion yn cael eulladd mewn brwydr a daethpwyd i’w adnabod yn enwog fel Cildraeth ANZAC.

Roedd y tir yn arw ac yn anghroesawgar. Roedd rhaid glanio’r hollgyflenwadau ar y traeth dan saethiadau saethwyr cudd Twrcaidd medrus. Ar19 Mai, brwydrodd yr ANZACs yn llwyddiannus yn erbyn ymosodiad yTyrciaid a arweiniodd at gadoediad digymell er mwyn claddu meirwon maes ygad. Unwaith eto, cloddiodd y fintai hyd nes i ymosodiad graddfa lawn arallddigwydd ym mis Awst.

Brwydrodd sawl Cymro a oedd wedi ymfudo i Awstralia yn ANZAC gangynnwys yr Uwch-sarsiant Robert David Jones o Benmaenmawr.

On the 25th April, further north and in the darkness of the early hours ofthe morning, the first landing on the Gallipoli peninsula was made by theANZACs. Troops overshot their landing near the headland of Gaba Tepeand 4,000 men had to quickly dig in under the cliffs at Ari Burnu. Therewas little opposition from the Turks initially, but Colonel Mustapha Kemal,realising that the Chunuk Bair and Sari Bair ridges were the mainobjectives quickly diverted his troops. By midday a fierce and bitter battlebroke out that would rage on for over eight months. The first day alonesaw over 700 men killed in action at what famously became known asANZAC Cove.

The terrain was rough and inhospitable. All supplies had to be landed onthe beach under the fire of crack-shot Turkish snipers. On the 19th May,the ANZACs successfully fought off a Turkish attack that led to animpromptu truce in order to bury the dead of the battlefield. Once again,troops dug in until another full-scale attack took place in August.

Many Welshmen who had emigrated to Australia fought at ANZACincluding Sergeant Robert David Jones of Penmaenmawr.

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Preifat D.O Hughes, o Borthaethwy’n wreiddiol aoedd yn Awstralia pan dorrodd y rhyfel ac aymunodd â Chorfflu Meddygol yr AIF.

“Glanion ni am 6am fore dydd Sul,25 Ebrill, diwrnod anghofiai fyth.Cyrhaeddon ni yn y Môr Egeaiddrywbryd yn ystod oriau mân y bore,a’r arwydd cyntaf y cawson ni ybydden ni’n gweld brwydr go iawno’r diwedd oedd clywed y llong ryfelyn tanio’u gynnau mawrion. Panddaethom yn agos at y lan, bu rhaidi ni lanio mewn cychodrhwyfo...roedd llawer o’n dynionwedi’u clwyfo cyn cyrraedd y lan.”

Private D. O. Hughes, originally from Menai Bridgewho was in Australia when war broke out andjoined the Medical Corps of the AIF.

“We landed at 6am Sunday morning,April 25th, a day I shall neverforget. We arrived in the Aegean Seasometime in the small hours of themorning, and the first intimation wegot that we were to see a real battleat last was hearing the battleshipsbooming their big guns. When we gotclose to the shore we had todisembark in rowing boats … manyof our men were wounded beforethey got ashore.”

Cildraeth ANZAC heddiw Diolch i Alun Salisbury

ANZAC Cove Today Courtesy of Alun Salisbury

Bedd Uwch-sarsiant 1283 Robert David JonesBedd yr Uwch-sarsiant 1283 Robert David Jones, Cwmni B, 3ydd Bataliwn AIF o Sydney, NSW. Cofrestrodd yr Uwch-sarsiant Jones ar 21 Awst 1914 a glaniodd o Sydney ar fwrdd HMAT “Uripides” ar 20 Ebrill 1915. Fe’i lladdwydmewn brwydr ochr yn ochr â’r rhan fwyaf o’i blatwn ar gefnau Penrhyn Gallipoli. Gan fod yr ardal yn cael ei arsylwigan y gelyn, bu rhaid i’r dynion gloddio’r bedd wrth orwedd yn wastad ar y tir.Y ffotograff a’r wybodaeth uchod © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia.

The Grave of 1283 Sergeant Robert David JonesThe grave of Sgt 1283 Robert David Jones , B Company, 3rd Battalion AIF of Sydney, NSW. Sgt Jones enlisted on 21stAugust 1914 and embarked from Sydney abourd HMAT “Uripides” on the 20th April 1915. He was killed in actionalongside most of his platoon on the ridges of the Gallipoli Peninsula. As the area was under enemy observation, themen had to dig the grave while lying flat on the ground.Photograph and above information © of the Australian War Memorial.

Poster Recriwtio ANZAC © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia U5167

ANZAC Recruiting Poster © Australian War Memorial U5167

Traeth ANZAC © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia A00827

ANZAC cove © Australian War Memorial A00827

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Cyfarfu Pwyllgor y Dardanelles yn Llundain ar 7 Mehefin a,gyda chymeradwyaeth Kitchener, clustnodwyd pum adranychwanegol i Fyddin Ymgyrchol y Canoldir y Cadfridog SyrIan Hamilton mewn ymgais olaf i geisio torri’r sefyllfaannatrys yn Helles ac ANZAC. Cafwyd rhywfaint olwyddiant yn ANZAC i dorri allan o’r troedle. Y cynllun oeddglanio mintai newydd yn Suvla i gysylltu â’r rhai yn ANZAC,atgyfnerthu ac yna cymryd uchderau strategol Cefnen SariBair, ac felly torri unrhyw fintai Dwrcaidd i ffwrdd. Glanioddy don gyntaf yn Suvla ar 6 Awst a sefydlodd bresenoldebyn Lala Baba yn llwyddiannus, wrth i’r fintai yn ANZACymdrechu i gymryd Chunuk Bair.

Roedd hi’n ras i gael y dynion o’r traethau yn Suvla achipio’r bryniau strategol cyn i’r Tyrciaid allu dod â milwyrychwanegol o Bulair. Brwydrodd y dynion yn galed amdridiau ac yna gorchmynnodd y Cadfridog Stopford arhosiado ddeuddydd – digon o amser i’r Cyrnol Mustapha Kemal iddod â mintai newydd i mewn oriau’n unig cyn y glaniadau.

Ym Mae Suvla, brwydrodd y 53ydd Adran [Cymreig] am ytro cyntaf ar 10 Awst. Roedd yr Adran yn cynnwys dynion o5ed, 6ed a 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig a4ydd a 5ed Bataliwn y Gatrawd Gymreig – roedd pob unyn Diriogaethwyr oedd wedi cofrestru i wasanaethu dramora heb erioed wedi gweld ymladd o’r blaen. Wynebodd bobun ohonynt wrthsafiad ffyrnig gan fintai newydd o Dwrci.

Roedd glaniadau Suvla yn drychineb ac yn dynodi’rdiwrnod duaf yn y rhyfel cyfan i sawl rhan o Gymru.

The Dardanelles Committee met in London on the 7thJune, and, with Kitchener’s approval, allocated five extradivisions to General Sir Ian Hamilton’s MediterraneanExpeditionary Force in a final attempt to try to break thedeadlock at Helles and ANZAC. There had been somesuccess at ANZAC to break out from the bridgehead. Theplan was to land fresh troops at Suvla to link up withthose at ANZAC, consolidate and then take the strategicheights of the Sari Bair Ridge, thus cutting off any Turkishtroops. The first wave landed at Suvla on the 6th Augustand successfully established a presence at Lala Baba,whilst troops at ANZAC attempted to take Chunuk Bair.

At Suvla, it was a race to get men from the beaches andcapture the stategic hills before the Turks could bring inreinforcements from Bulair. Men fought hard for three daysand then General Stopford ordered a stay of two days –enough time for Colonel Mustapha Kemal to bring in freshtroops only hours before the landings.

At Suvla Bay, the 53rd [Welsh] Division went into actionfor the first time on the 10th August. The Division includedmen from the 5th, 6th and 7th Battalions Royal WelshFusiliers and the 4th and 5th Battalions from the WelchRegiment – all were Territorials who had signed on forservice overseas and had never seen action before. Theymet a ferocious resistance from fresh Turkish troops.

The Suvla landings were a disaster and signified theblackest day in the entire war for many parts of Wales.

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Rhestr pac a roddwyd i Breifat Jack Leavettcyn ymadael am GallipoliDiolch i Mrs Joan Shirley

Kit list issued to Private Jack Leavett priorto Leaving for GallipoliCourtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

Gorsaf Drin Clwyfau – Chocolate Hill, Bae Suvla Diolch i’r Keep Military Museum, Dorchester

Dressing Station – Chocolate Hill, Suvla BayCourtesy of The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester

Llythyr diwethaf Preifat Jack Leavett adref Fe’i laddwyd mewn brwydr ar 22 Awst 1915Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley

Private Jack Leavett’s last letter homeHe was killed in action on the 22nd August 1915Courtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

Signalwyr – Bae SuvlaDiolch i’r Keep Military Museum,Dorchester

Signallers – Suvla BayCourtesy of The Keep MilitaryMuseum, Dorchester

Preifat Jack Leavett o Borthaethwy – Canol6ed Bataliwn Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley

Private Jack Leavett of Menai Bridge – Centre6th Battalion, Royal Welsh FusiliersCourtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

Llythyr oddi wrth Preifat Jack Leavett i’wfrawd, Frank, ar ei ymadawiad i GallipoliDiolch i Mrs Joan Shirley

Letter from Private Jack Leavett to hisbrother, Frank, on departure to GallipoliCourtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

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Glaniodd 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig fel rhan o’r 158fedBrigad, 53fed Adran [Gymreig] ar lannau Bae Suvla ar 9 Awst, 1915, ganymladd drannoeth ochr yn ochr â’u cyd filwyr yn y Fyddin Diriogaethol.

Yn ôl Uwchgapten R B S Davies, a gofnododd hanes “YSeithfed” mewn llyfryn bach a gyhoeddwyd ar ôl y rhyfel: “Am4 o’r gloch y bore ar y 10fed o Awst dechreuodd y Seithfed areu hymgyrch gofiadwy ar draws Llyn Salt … Yn syth taniwydffrwydron tuag atynt ... collwyd nifer o’r milwyr. Roedd y coedtrwchus yn lle delfrydol i’r saethwyr cudd o Dwrci oedd ynymddangos ym mhob man ac yn creu trafferth fawr i ni.”

Collodd nifer fawr eu bywydau, yn arbennig rhai o’rswyddogion ifanc – yn ôl Uwchgapten Davies anafwyd un arbymtheg o swyddogion o’r 7fed Bataliwn yn ystod yrwythnos gyntaf, yn cynnwys Capten Joseph Beanland, Is-lefftenant Albyn Grant ac Is-lefftenant Russell HalfrenyddJones; ni welwyd yr un ohonynt ar ôl cymryd rhan mewnymgyrch aflwyddiannus. Nid oes beddau cydnabyddedigiddynt ac mae eu henwau wedi eu cofnodi ar Gofeb Helles.

Yn ôl Lefftenant-cyrnol Jelf-Reveley roedd y diwrnod ynanhrefn llwyr a thrawyd Sarsiant David Jones, gyrrwr injan ary rheilffyrdd cyn y rhyfel, pan ffrwydrodd pelen fagnel a’igladdu hyd at ei ben a’i ysgwyddau. Aeth dau ddiwrnodheibio cyn i rywun sylweddoli fod ei lygaid yn symud achloddiwyd y pridd i’w ryddhau. Y geiriau cyntaf a glywoddoedd “Mae’r Sarsiant yn dal yn fyw!”

The 7th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers as part of the 158th Brigade, 53rd[Welsh] Division landed on the shores of Suvla Bay on the 9th August, 1915and went into battle with their fellow Territorials the following day.

Major R B S Davies, who went on to record the history of“The Seventh” in a small booklet published after the war,states: “At 4 am on the morning of August 10th theSeventh started on that memorable advance across SaltLake … they immediately came under heavy shell fire …many casualties were suffered. The thick cover gave idealpositions for the Turkish snipers who seemed to beeverywhere and gave us great trouble.”

Casualties were high, especially among the young officers– Major Davies writes that there were sixteen officercasualties from the 7th Battalion in the first week, includingCaptain Joseph Beanland, 2/Lt Albyn Grant and 2/Lt RussellHalfrenydd Jones who were not seen after taking part in acharge that failed. None have known graves and theirnames are recorded on the Helles Memorial.

Lt Col Jelf-Reveley commented on the chaos that day andSergeant David Jones, an engine driver on the railwaysprior to the outbreak of war, was left for dead when acannon shell exploded burying him up to his head andshoulders. Two days passed before someone noticed hiseyes moving and he was dug out. The first thing he heard– “Sergeant’s still alive!”.

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Hanes Byr “Y Seithfed” a ysgrifennwyd ganUwchgapten R B S Davies yn 1950 er cof amy rhai a gollodd eu bywydau.A Short History of “The Seventh” Written byMajor R B S Davies in 1950 and Dedicated tothose “Who Fell by the Way”.

Arweiniodd Lefftenant-cyrnol Jelf-Reveley o Ddolgellau7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig drwy gydolymgyrch Gallipoli. Yn fuan wedyn cafodd ei daro’n wael.Yn rhifyn Medi 1915 o’r “County Times”, cyhoeddwydcerdd amdano a dyfynnir rhan ohoni isod:

Yn ôl Sarsiant George Hibbott, adderbyniodd Fedal YmddygiadRhagorol ym mrwydr Gallipoliam ei “ddewrder arbennig arfaes y gad” wrth gludo’r rhai aanafwyd ac a gafodd far ar eifedal am ddewrder tebyg yn yr Aifft: “ Ni fyddai’r ungatrawd wedi dymuno cael arweinydd dewrach. Roedd eiddiddordeb ynom yn ystod yr hyfforddiant yn ein cynnalwrth ymladd, a ble bynnag yr âi, yr oeddem yn barod i’wddilyn. Byddai’n gwneud unrhyw beth drosom.”

Diolch i David Pugh am ei gymorth.

Lt Colonel Jelf-Reveley of Dolgellau led the 7th Battalion,Royal Welsh Fusiliers throughout the Gallipoli campaign.Shortly afterwards he became ill. The “County Times” ofSeptember 1915, published a poem written by him andpart of it is reproduced here:

Sergeant George Hibbott,who was awarded theDistinguished ConductMedal at Gallipoli for his“Conspicuous bravery underfire” as a stretcher bearer

and added a bar to this award for similar bravery atEgypt stated: “No regiment could have wished for abraver leader. His interest in us during the training stuckto us in the fighting, and wherever he went we couldcheerfully follow. He would do anything for us.”

With many thanks to David Pugh for his help.

Sarsiant David Jones o Fachynlleth yn Gwella ynAlexandria, Yr Aifft ar ôl goroesi Ffrwydrad yn GallipoliTrwy ganiatâd ei ferch, Mrs Stella Reynolds

Sergeant David Jones of Machynlleth Recovering inAlexandria, Egypt after surviving Shelling at GallipoliCourtesy of his daughter, Mrs Stella Reynolds

Y Culdir a Llyn Salt o Fryn Lala BabaTrwy ganiatâd Graham Knight

The Cut and Salt Lake from Lala Baba HillCourtesy of Graham Knight

“Bu Lefftenant Richard Bowen Woosnam, oedd yn hanu’nwreiddiol o Lanidloes, yn gwasanaethu yn Rhyfel y Boer.Ymddiswyddodd o fod yn swyddog i ddilyn ei ddiddordeb mewnhanes naturiol a theithiodd drwy Asia ac Affrica gyfan i gynnalei astudiaethau. Enillodd Fedal Arian Cymdeithas SwolegolLlundain a bu’n aelod o Undeb Adaregwyr Prydain. Cedwir eigasgliadau yn yr Amgueddfa Brydeinig a’r Amgueddfa HanesNaturiol yn Llundain. Fe’i penodwyd yn un o’r WardeniaidAnifeiliaid Gwyllt cyntaf yn y rhan o Ddwyrain Affrica a oedddan reolaeth Prydain, a ddaeth yn Cenia maes o law.Gwasanaethodd gyda Chatrawd Swydd Caerloyw, ond fe’i lladwydwrth arwain ei ddynion i frwydr ar 4 Mehefin, 1915 yn ystod yDrydedd Frwydr i gipio Krithia.

Lt Richard Bowen Woosnam originally fromLlanidloes, served in the Boer War. He resigned hiscommission in order to pursue his interest in naturalhistory and his studies took him all over Asia andAfrica. A Silver Medallist of the Zoological Society ofLondon and a member of the British Ornithologists’Union, his collections are held at the British Museumand the Natural History Museum in London. He wasappointed one of the first Game Wardens in what wasthen British East Africa and later became Kenya.Serving with the Worcestershire Regiment, he waskilled leading his men into battle on the 4th June,1915 during the Third Battle for Krithia.

Trwy ganiatâd “The Ibis” Hydref 1915 Courtesy of “The Ibis” October 1915

““NNaayy!! –– aanndd oouurr aannsswweerr iiss ggiivveenn,, wwiitthh pprriiddee ttooyyoouu –– NNeevveerr aa oonnee wwoouulldd hhaavvee ttuurrnneedd ffrroomm tthheeccaallll,, MMeeiirriioonn,, MMoonnttggoommeerryy,, lloonngg mmaayy aabbiiddee ttoo yyoouuJJooyy,, tthhaatt,, aatt MMootthheerrllaanndd’’ss ccrryy,, yyoouu ggaavvee aallll..””

Paratoi i Ymosod ar Fryn ScimitarTrwy ganiatâd Amgueddfa Ryfel The Keep, Dorset

Preparing to Attack Scimitar HillCourtesy of The Keep Military Museum, Dorset

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Gadawodd 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr BrenhinolCymreig Devonport ar 14 Gorffennaf, 1915 gan aneluam Gallipoli. Ar fwrdd “The City of Edinburgh” roeddCapten Edward Lloyd-Jones, Prif Swyddog Cwmni “A” –Llanidloes a Machynlleth – a’i frawd, Is-lefftenant IvorThomas Lloyd-Jones o Vronhaul, Llandinam, SirDrefaldwyn – roedd y ddau’n gefndryd i Gwendoline aMargaret Davies.

Cyn i’r Rhyfel Bydd Cyntaf gychwyn, roedd Edward a gâiei alw’n “Dolly” bob amser gan ei deulu, wedi teithiogyda’i chwiorydd i’r un ardal ac ysgrifennodd o’r llongfilwyr am “ddyfroedd sy’n gyfarwydd iawn i chi.”

Dechreuodd y 7fed Bataliwn ymosod ar10 Awst ym Mae Suvla ochr yn ochr â’ucyd filwyr yn y Fyddin Diriogaethol.Collwyd nifer fawr o’r milwyr yn ybataliwn a lladdwyd Capten EdwardLloyd-Jones yn y frwydr. Bu ei gefnder,Stanley Davies, hefyd yn rhan o ymgyrchGallipoli, a dyma ei eiriau mewn llythyrat y teulu: “Bu’n frwydr erchyll o 4 o’rgloch yn y bore tan 7.30 y nos” acwrth gerdded yn ôl gwelodd“annwyl Dolly yn gorwedd yn heddychlon” gyda’roriawr a roddwyd yn anrheg iddo gan ei ddwy chwaercyn iddo adael am ei arddwrn.

Goroesodd Ivor frwydr Gallipoli ond fe’i lladdwyd wrthymladd ar 26 Mawrth, 1917 yn ystod Brwydr GyntafGaza, Palestina.

Agorodd Gwendoline a Margaret eu cartref i nifer oartistiaid a oedd yn ffoaduriaid o Wlad Belg yn ystod yrhyfel a bu’r ddwy ohonynt yn gwasanaethu gydaChroes Goch Ffrainc ar Ffrynt y Gorllewin, ger Verdun,gan redeg cantîn i filwyr o Ffrainc. Yn 1920, prynodd ychwiorydd Neuadd Gregynog, yn rhannol fel lle i filwyrCymru a ddychwelai o’r ffosydd allu ei ddefnyddio iwella gyda chymorth y celfyddydau o’u cwmpas.

The 7th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers left Devonporton the 14th July, 1915 heading for Gallipoli. On board“The City of Edinburgh” was Captain Edward Lloyd-Jones, the Officer Commanding “A” Company –Llanidloes and Machynlleth – and his brother, 2/Lt IvorThomas Lloyd-Jones of Vronhaul, Llandinam,Montgomeryshire – both cousins of Gwendoline andMargaret Davies.

Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Edward,always known as “Dolly” to his family, had travelledwith the sisters to the same area and he wrote from thetroopship about “waters which are very familiar to you.”

The 7th Battalion went intoaction on the 10th August atSuvla Bay alongside the otherTerritorials of the 53rd [Welsh]Division. Casualties for thebattalion were extremely highand Captain Edward Lloyd-Joneswas killed in action. His cousin,Stanley Davies, who also tookpart in the Gallipoli campaign,wrote to the family that “We had

a most terrible battle from 4 o’clock in the morning until7.30 at night” and on his way up to the lines he found“dear Dolly lying in peace” wearing the wristwatch thathad been a gift from the two sisters prior to his departure.

Ivor survived Gallipoli only to be killed in action on the26th March, 1917 during the First Battle of Gaza,Palestine.

Gwendoline and Margaret gave refuge to severalBelgian refugee artists during the war and both ladiesserved with the French Red Cross on the Western Front,near Verdun, running a canteen for the French troops. In1920, they purchased Gregynog, partly as a place whereWelsh soldiers returning from the trenches could utilisethe healing power of the arts.

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LLllyytthhyyrr aatt GGwweennddoolliinnee DDaavviieess –– 66 AAwwsstt 11991155

“Rydym bellach mewn dyfroedd sy’ngyfarwydd iawn i chi. Mae fy meddwl yncrwydro’n ôl o hyd i’n taith bedair blyneddyn ôl; meddyliwch, ar y pryd roeddem ynteithio yng nghwmni 2 Swyddog o’r Almaena gwr o Dwrci! Mor sydyn mae pethau wedinewid ac mor ddychrynllyd yw’r cyfan.”

LLllyytthhyyrr wweeddii eeii ggyyffeeiirriioo aatt ““BBaawwbb”” –– 77 AAwwsstt 11991155

“Fory rydym yn symud i faes y frwydr, ac wrth gwrs gallai unrhyw beth ddigwyddmewn amser byr iawn. Rydym yngobeithio’r gorau ac yn paratoi am ygwaethaf.”

AA LLeetttteerr ttoo GGwweennddoolliinnee DDaavviieess –– 66tthh AAuugguusstt 11991155

“We are now in waters which are veryfamiliar to you. My mind runscontinually to our voyage of four yearsago; think of it, on that occasion ourtravelling companions were 2 Germanofficers and a Turk! How quickly thingshave changed and how wicked it all is.”

AA LLeetttteerr AAddddrreesssseedd ““TToo EEvveerryyoonnee”” ––77tthh AAuugguusstt 11991155

“Tomorrow we move to the scene ofoperations, and of course anything mayhappen in a very short time. We arehoping for the best and preparing forthe worst.”

Tudalennau blaen Cyfrol Goffa –Llythyrau Capten Lloyd-Jonesa Gyhoeddwyd yn Breifat gan ei Deulu Trwy ganiatâd Arglwydd ac Arglwyddes Davies

Frontpiece of a Memorial Volume ofCaptain Lloyd-Jones’ LettersPrivately Published by His Family Courtesy of Lord and Lady Davies

Neuadd Gregynog Trwy ganiatâd Anne Pedley

Gregynog Hall Courtesy of Anne Pedley

Capten Edward Lloyd-Jones7fed Bataliwn, Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Mynwent Green Hill, GallipoliTrwy ganiatâd Marietta Crichton Stuart

Captain Edward Lloyd-Jones7th Battalion, Royal Welsh FusiliersGreen Hill Cemetery, GallipoliCourtesy of Marietta Crichton Stuart

Capten Edward Lloyd-JonesTrwy ganiatâd Arglwydd ac Arglwyddes DaviesCaptain Edward Lloyd-JonesCourtesy of Lord & Lady Davies

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Ym 1900, sefydlwyd Cwmni o Wirfoddolwyr ymMhenmaenmawr dan orchymyn Charles HenryDarbishire, Rheolwr Gyfarwyddwr ChwareliDarbishire. Roedd y rhan fwyaf o’r 120 o ddyniona ymunodd yn cael eu cyflogi yn y chwarel leol.

Yn fuan, darparodd y Cyrnol Darbishire NeuaddYmarfer wedi’i hadeiladu i bwrpas ym 1900,Maes Tanio yng Nghwm Graiglwyd ym 1901, tîmpêl-droed y Cwmni a band milwrol danarweiniad J.S. Coverley, a oedd yn arwain band ydref hefyd. Yn arbennig, codwyd ty yn NherasDewi Sant i letya Dril-ringyll amser llawn.

Roedd angen i’r dynion a ymunai â’rGwirfoddolwyr (y Tiriogaethwyr ar ôl 1908)hyfforddi bob wythnos ac ymroi un penwythnos ymis i filwra. Bu rhaid iddynt hefyd fynychuGwersyll Haf Blynyddol. Tra’r oedden nhw yn ygwersyll, ym Morth, Aberystwyth, cafodd CwmniPenmaenmawr o 6ed Bataliwn y FfiwsilwyrBrenhinol Cymreig ei alw adref ar frys ychydig cyni’r rhyfel gael ei gyhoeddi. Ychydig o’r dynionfyddai wedi dychmygu’r diwrnod hwnnw ybydden nhw’n glanio ym Mae Suvla, Gallipoli’rmis Awst canlynol ym 1915

In 1900, a Company of Volunteers wasestablished in Penmaenmawr under thecommand of Charles Henry Darbishire,Managing Director of the Darbishire Quarries.Most of the 120 men who joined wereemployed at the local quarry.

Colonel Darbishire soon provided a purpose-built Drill Hall in 1900, a Firing Range at CwmGraiglwyd in 1901, a Company soccer team anda military band led by J.S. Coverley, who alsoconducted the town band. A house was builtespecially in St. David’s Terrace to accommodatea full-time Drill Sergeant.

Men who joined the Volunteers (Territorials after1908) were required to train on a weekly basisand devote one weekend per month tosoldiering. They also had to attend an annualSummer Camp. It was while at camp, at Borth,Aberystwyth, that the Penmaenmawr Companyof the 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers washurriedly recalled home just before war wasdeclared. Few of the men that day could haveimagined they would be landing at Suvla Bay,Gallipoli the following August of 1915.

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Adroddodd y North Wales Weekly News ar ddydd Iau, 6 Awst,1914, dan bennawd “Eager for Active Service”

“Mae cyffro helaeth ym Mhenmaenmawr, ynenwedig ymhlith y “Teriers” lleol a’u teuluoedd.Fe’u gorchmynnwyd i fod yn y Neuadd Ymarfer arnos Fawrth ac roedden nhw’n parhau i ddisgwylgalwad tan ar ôl canol nos, rhai ohonynt i weld ynawyddus i wasanaethu. Unwaith eto, bore ddoe(Dydd Mercher, 5 Awst), roedd y dynion, yn eulifrai, yn gorymdeithio yn y strydoedd a bu rhaididdynt ymateb i sawl galwad yn ystod y dydd.”

Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Courtesy of the Penmaenmawr Historical Society

The North Wales Weekly News of Thursday, August 6th, 1914,under the heading of “Eager for Active Service” reported that:

“At Penmaenmawr there is widespreadexcitement especially among the local “terriers”and their families. They were ordered to be in theDrill Hall on Tuesday night and they remainedexpecting a call until after midnight some of themseeming eager for active service. Again, yesterdaymorning (Wed. August 5th), the men, wearingtheir uniforms, were parading in the streets andhad to respond to several calls during the day.”

Y Cyrnol DarbishireDiolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Colonel DarbishireCourtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Gweithio yn y ChwarelDiolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Working at the QuarryCourtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Cwmni Penmaenmawr, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig – Saethwyr TargedDiolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Penmaenmawr Company, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers – Target ShootersCourtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Hogiau Chwarel Penmaenmawr – Hyfforddiant – NorthamptonDiolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

The Penmaenmawr Quarry Boys – Training – NorthamptonCourtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum

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Pan dorrodd y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, roedd y Cyrnol yn 70 oed a galwyd yn sythar Gwmni “Penmaenmawr” 6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig iymladd. Yn yr un modd â’r holl Diriogaethwyr, rhoddwyd y dewis i’r dynionymrestru a gwasanaethu tramor am dair blynedd neu “hyd y diwedd”, neuwrthod gwasanaethu tramor.

Ymunodd Cwmni “Penmaenmawr” â Thiriogaethwyr eraill y FfiwsilwyrBrenhinol Cymreig ym Meysydd Bodafon, Llandudno ac erbyn mis Medi1914, anfonwyd pob bataliwn i ardaloedd Rushden a Higham Ferrers ynSwydd Northampton i gael eu hyfforddi. Ymddengys mai’r Ffrynt Gorllewinolfyddai eu tynged, hyd nes i’r cynlluniau ddatblygu ar gyfer ymgyrch Gallipoli.

Ar ôl yr hyfforddiant, dosbarthwyd lifrai trofannol i Hogiau Chwarel Cwmni“Penmaenmawr” a hwylion nhw i Gallipoli fel rhan o Fyddin YmgyrcholCanoldir Prydain ar ddydd Mercher, 14 Gorffennaf, 1915 ar “SS Caledonia”.Cawsant eu harwain gan yr Uwchgapten Augustus Wheeler, Rheolwr yChwarel, Capten H T Jenkins, Meddyg y Chwarel a’r Lefftenant Harold OwenOwen, mab sylfaenydd siop adrannol o’r un enw.

Roedd y Cyrnol Darbishire, a oedd wedi ceisio defnyddio’i ddylanwad iarwain ei ddynion o Benmaenmawr, wedi cadw gwely ar long a hwylioddtua’r Aifft lle prynodd becyn “Tommy” a cheisiodd ymuno â Hogiau’r Chwarelyn Alexandria. Ar ôl i’r awdurdodau ddarganfod ei ddichell, fe’i hanfonwydadref. Treuliodd weddill y rhyfel yn gwasanaethu ar Bwyllgor Pensiynau’rMilwyr lleol a gwneud ei orau i’r rheiny a ddychwelodd adref wedi’u clwyfo.

When the First World War broke out, the Colonel was aged 70 and the“Penmaenmawr” Company of the 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers wasimmediately called up for action. As with all Territorials, the men were giventhe choice to enlist and serve overseas for three years or the “duration”, orto decline to serve abroad.

The “Penmaenmawr” Company joined the other Territorials of the RoyalWelsh Fusiliers at Bodafon Fields, Llandudno and by September 1914 all thebattalions were sent to Rushden and Higham Ferrers areas ofNorthamptonshire for training. It seemed that they would be destined forthe Western Front, until plans began to unfold for the Gallipoli campaign.

After training, the Quarry Boys of the “Penmaenmawr” Company were issuedwith tropical uniforms and sailed for Gallipoli as part of the BritishMediterranean Expeditionary Force on Wednesday, July 14th, 1915 on the “SSCaledonia”. They were led by Major Augustus Wheeler, the Quarry Manager,Captain H T Jenkins, the Quarry Doctor and Lieutenant Harold Owen Owen,the son of the founder of the department store of the same name.

Colonel Darbishire, who had tried to pull strings to lead his men fromPenmaenmawr, booked a berth on a ship and set sail for Egypt where hebought a “Tommy’s” kit and attempted to join the Quarry Boys atAlexandria. Once his ruse was discovered by the authorities, he was senthome. He spent the rest of the war serving on the local Soldiers’ PensionCommittee and doing his best for those who returned home wounded.

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6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol CymreigSpencer Park, Rushden, Swydd NorthamptonDiolch i Eric Fowell

The 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh FusiliersSpencer Park, Rushden, NorthamptonshireCourtesy of Eric Fowell

Cwmni Penmaenmawr yn Gorymdeithio, Swydd Northampton2/Lt Harold Owen Owen ar y ChwithDiolch i Eric Fowell

The Penmaenmawr Company on Parade,Northamptonshire2/Lt Harold Owen Owen on the LeftCourtesy of Eric Fowell

Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Royal Welsh FusiliersCourtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society 15

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BAE SUVLACymerodd Tri Bataliwn Tiriogaethol y FfiwsilwyrBrenhinol Cymreig ran yng nglaniadau Suvla a glanioar ‘Draeth C’ yn gynnar ar 9 Awst ar ôl hwylio o ynysLemnos. Gwersyllon nhw yn Lala Baba ac aros ynohyd nes iddynt fynd i frwydro’r diwrnod canlynol.

Ar 10 Awst, cawsant eu deffro am 3.30am arhoddwyd te poeth a bisged iddynt cyn ffurfio atddibenion ymosodiad am 4.30am.

Wynebodd Bechgyn Chwarel Penmaenmawrymosodiad trwm o sieliau bron yn syth a chofnododdDyddiadur y Bataliwn eu bod yn “ymladd drwy’rdydd”.

Yn y prynhawn, arweiniodd gorchymyn i ymosodgyda bidogau at ganlyniadau trychinebus. Lladdwydyr Uwchgapten Augustus Wheeler, Rheolwr yChwarel, fel yr Is-sarsiant John Thomas o MountPleasant a’r Preifat Edward Oswald Dowell o GilfachRoad. Bu farw’r Preifat Richard Ellis Williams o Dan-y-Clogwyn, Capel Ulo o’i glwyfau’r diwrnod canlynol.Byddai ei frawd, Robert, yn cael ei ladd gan saethwrcudd yn nes ymlaen yn yr ymgyrch. Clwyfwyd llawermwy o Hogiau’r Chwarel, gan gynnwys y Capten H.T.Jenkins – Meddyg y Chwarel a’r Lt Harold OwenOwen o Dan-y-Foel.

Mae’r cofgolofn rhyfel lleol yng nghanolPenmaenmawr yn cofnodi enwau’r 62 o ddynion a fufarw yn y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf - pris uchel i dref chwarelfach. Cwympodd bron i chwarter ohonynt yn Gallipoli.

SUVLA BAYThree Territorial Battalions of the Royal WelshFusiliers took part in the Suvla landings and theydisembarked on ‘C Beach’ early on the 9th Augustafter sailing from the island of Lemnos. Theybivouacked at Lala Baba and remained there untilthey went into battle the following day.

On the 10th August, they were awoken at 3.30amand were provided with hot tea and a biscuitbefore forming up for an attack at 4.30 am.

Almost immediately, the Penmaenmawr QuarryBoys came under heavy shellfire and the BattalionDiary records that they were “fighting all day.”

In the afternoon an order to charge with bayonetswas made with disastrous results. Major AugustusWheeler, the Quarry Manager was killed, as wasLance Sergeant John Thomas of Mount Pleasantand Private Edward Oswald Dowell of GilfachRoad. Private Richard Ellis Williams of Tan-y-Clogwyn, Capelulo died of his wounds thefollowing day. His brother, Robert, would be killedby a sniper later on in the campaign. Many moreQuarry Boys were wounded, including Captain H.T. Jenkins – the Quarry Doctor and Lt. Harold OwenOwen of Tan-y-Foel.

The local war memorial in the centre ofPenmaenmawr records the names of 62 men whodied in the First World War – a high price for a smallquarrying town. Nearly a quarter fell at Gallipoli.

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““CC”” BBeeaacchh –– SSuuvvllaa BBaayy –– 99tthh AAuugguusstt,, 11991155

“About 6pm that evening, Wheeler, Arthur Davies and Iall went down to have a swim in the sea. We haddiscarded our packs, so only had what we stood in, thindrill, but Roberts, Wheeler’s servant produced a smalltowel we all used. Next day, Wheeler and Arthur Davieswere killed. What a night we had.”

Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

“We started off in Column of Route across the SaltLake in broad daylight to the attack and were shelled toblazes. I often wonder who was responsible for thatterrible mistake, before we got across, I had lost all mysubalterns, but one, and I did not see him for threedays. The men were splendid but, of course, ourcasualties were appalling. We fought all day, and gotwell forward to the left of Chocolate Hill, meanwhilethe front was all on fire. That evening, the rifle,machine gun and big shell fire was awful and I only had24 men left out of 180.”

Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

“We went on till we came to the Salt Lake – there wasno cover at all and it was very muddy. The Turks werestarting to shell us and I could see shells dropping in themiddle of our Boys. A little further on we came to abush and we attended some wounded there. Thinking tomyself I thought my last day had come as the bulletswere dropping alongside of us. Here I saw Dick Williamswounded – a very bad wound, too. We put him to lay onone of the stretchers. The poor lad was shouting for hismother. There was poor hopes for him.”

Private Richard Jones, 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

TTrraaeetthh ““CC”” –– BBaaee SSuuvvllaa –– 99 AAwwsstt,, 11991155

“Tua 6 o’r gloch y noson honno, aeth Wheeler, Arthur Davies aminnau i lawr i’r môr i nofio. Roeddem wedi gadael ein paciau,felly dim ond yr hyn yr oeddem yn sefyll ynddo oedd gennym,dril tenau, ond cyflwynodd Roberts, gwas Wheeler, dywel bacha ddefnyddiwyd gan bob un ohonom. Y diwrnod nesaf, lladdwydWheeler ac Arthur Davies. Dyna beth oedd noson.”

Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

“Dechreusom yn Column of Route ar draws Salt Lake yngngolau dydd i’r ymosodiad a chawsom ein peledu’n ddifrifol.Rwy’n meddwl yn aml pwy oedd yn gyfrifol am ycamgymeriad ofnadwy hwnnw, cyn i ni fynd ar draws, collaisbob un o’m his-swyddogion, namyn un, ac ni welais ef amdridiau. Roedd y dynion yn wych ond, wrth gwrs, roedd eincolledigion yn erchyll. Brwydron ni drwy’r dydd a symudon niymlaen yn dda i ochr chwith Chocolate Hill, ac yn y cyfamserroedd y ffrynt i gyd ar dân. Y noson honno, roedd y tanio ganreiffls, gynnau peiriant a sieliau mawr yn ofnadwy a dim ond24 o ddynion oedd gen i ar ôl o 180 o ddynion.”

Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Aethom ymlaen hyd nes i ni gyrraedd Salt Lake - nid oeddcysgod o gwbl ac roedd hi’n fwdlyd iawn. Roedd y Tyrciaid yndechrau’n peledu ni a gallwn weld y sieliau’n cwympo yngnghanol ein Hogiau. Ychydig ymhellach i fyny, cyrhaeddon nilwyn ac aethom i drin y rhai oedd wedi’u clwyfo yno. Roeddwnyn meddwl i fi’n hun mai hwn oedd fy niwrnod olaf oherwyddroedd y bwledi’n cwympo bob ochr i ni. Dyma le gwelais DickWilliams wedi’i glwyfo - a chlwyf gwael iawn hefyd. Rhoesomef i orwedd ar un o’r cludwelyau. Roedd y llanc druan yngweiddi am ei fam. Nid oedd fawr o obaith iddo.”

Preifat Richard Jones, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Preifat Richard “Dick” Williams, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol CymreigDiolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Private Richard “Dick” Williams, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh FusiliersCourtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Milwyr yn glanio ar Traeth C, Bae Suvla gan Norman WilkinsonTroops Landing at C Beach, Suvla Bay by Norman WilkinsonIWM Art 2452©Imperial War Museum

Braslun o Fap o Ffosydd Suvla, Capten Frank MillsDiolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Sketch Map of Trenches at Suvla, Captain Frank MillsCourtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum

Yr Uwchgapten Augustus “Gus”Wheeler, Rheolwr y ChwarelLladdwyd mewn brwydr – 10 Awst,1915Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Major Augustus “Gus” Wheeler,Quarry ManagerKilled in action – 10th August, 1915Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Preifat Edward Oswald Dowell,Yr hogyn ieuengaf o’r chwarel igael ei ladd mewn brwydr – 10Awst, 1915Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr

Private Edward Oswald Dowell,The youngest quarry boy killed inaction – 10th August, 1915Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

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Daeth cyrch mis Awst i ben yn raddol ac aeth y fintai ati i gloddio mewn ffosydd,gan ddioddef gwres tanbaid y dydd a thymereddau oer y nos. Wrth i’r flwyddyn fynd rhagddi, gwaethygodd y tywydd ac ar noson 26 Tachwedd,wedi storm daranau ddifrifol, bwrodd cenllif o law. Llenwodd y ffosydd bron ynsyth. Cafodd dynion eu boddi neu eu hysgubo ymaith a bu rhaid iddynt nofio ifan diogel, gyda sawl un yn dal eu gafael mewn coed am y noson.

Yn oriau mân 27 Tachwedd, trodd y storm i gyfeiriad y gogledd-ddwyrain athrodd yn storm eira gyda gwyntoedd o hyd at 80 milltir yr awr. Parodd amddeuddydd arall.

Yn eu lifrai trofannol o hyd, rhewodd ddynion i farwolaeth yn y ffosydd adioddefodd llawer mwy o ewinrhew ac oerfel. Cafwyd dros 5,000 o gwympedigion.

The August offensive fizzled out and troops found themselves dug intotrenches, enduring the severe heat of the day and the cold temperatures ofnight. As the year progressed, the weather deteriorated and on the night ofthe 26th November, after a severe thunderstorm, torrential rain fell. It filledup the trenches almost immediately. Men drowned or were swept awayand had to swim to safety, with many clinging onto trees for the night.

In the early hours of the 27th November, the storm veered to the north-eastand became a blizzard, with winds of up to 80 miles per hour. It lasted fora further two days.

Still wearing tropical uniform, men froze to death in the trenches and manymore suffered from frostbite and exposure. There were over 5,000 casualties.

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2288tthh NNoovveemmbbeerr –– SSuunnddaayy:: “Strong wind. Froze all day and snowed at thesame time, felt most miserable. Fires could not be made for cooking –about 12 men found frozen to death. My eyes were bad could not see.”SUVLA BAY

Lt/QM George Claridge, 5th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

2266tthh NNoovveemmbbeerr 11991155:: “About 5.30 a dreadful thunderstorm burst over us andit seemed as though all the furies of hell had broken loose. All our dug-outswere washed out and the stream was 2 ft deep in the trenches. It continuedtill 10 pm and then cleared a bit and I turned up my breeches, took off mysocks waded round the Company to see how they were, and I was delightedto find them in fair spirits. I have never known such a storm in any part ofthe world and the strength of the wind was appalling.” ANZAC

Captain Scott Powell – 8th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

“For the last few days there had been rumours of an attack on the Turkishposition on Scimitar Hill, but if this had been so the weather stepped in, and,not only frustrated the chance of a possible operation but gave us all, the Turksincluded, probably the most unpleasant time we experienced during the war.”

Lt Col C E Kitchen, 4th Battalion, South Wales Borderers

2288 TTaacchhwweedddd –– DDyydddd SSuull:: “Gwynt cryf. Roedd hi wedi rhewi drwy’r dydd ac yn bwrweira’r un pryd, roeddwn i’n teimlo’n ddiflas dros ben. Nid oedd modd cynnau tân igoginio – daethpwyd o hyd i ryw 12 gwr oedd wedi rhewi i farwolaeth. Roedd fyllygaid yn wael, ni allwn weld.” BAE SUVLA

Lt/Swyddog Cyflenwi George Claridge, 5ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

2266 TTaacchhwweedddd 11991155:: “Am tua 5.30, ffrwydrodd storm o daranau ofnadwy drosom acroedd hi fel petai holl ddicter uffern wedi torri’n rhydd. Cafodd ein holl ffosyddymochel eu golchi i ffwrdd ac roedd y ffrwd yn 2 droedfedd o ddyfnder yn y ffosydd.Parhaodd tan 10 pm ac yna cliriodd am ychydig a throes fy nhrywsus i fyny, tynnu fysanau er mwyn troedio o gwmpas y Cwmni i weld sut oedden nhw ac roeddwn i wrthfy modd o weld fod pawb mewn hwyliau gweddol. Nid ydw i erioed wedi gweld y fathstorm mewn unrhyw ran o’r byd ac roedd cryfder y gwynt yn frawychus.” ANZAC

Capten Scott Powell – 8fed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

“Bu sôn dros y dyddiau diwethaf am ymosodiad ar safle’r Tyrciaid ar Fryn Scimitar,ond os dyna oedd eu bwriad, tarfodd y tywydd arnynt, gan rwystro’r cyfle oweithredu posibl ond gan roi i ni gyd, gan gynnwys y Tyrciaid, yr amser mwyafannymunol yr oeddem wedi cael profiad ohono yn ystod y rhyfel o bosibl.”

Lt Cyrnol C E Kitchen, 4ydd Bataliwn, Cyffinwyr De Cymru

“Ar y nos Wener cyn i ni gael ein rhyddhau, daeth stormfawr. Taranau, mellt, eira a glaw. Y storm fwyaf i mi eiweld neu obeithio’i weld erioed. Ar ddiwedd y storm, roeddy dwr i fyny hyd at ein pengliniau. Rhaid i mi ddweudwrthych, daeth y dwr i mewn i’r ffosydd heb unrhywrybudd, gan bron foddi rhai o’r dynion.

Dechreuodd hi rewi wedyn. Wnai fyth anghofio’r storm eirahon. Bu farw sawl un o’n dynion yn y twyni tywodoherwydd yr oerfel. Dau o Gaernarfon yr helpais eu cladduwrth yr ysbyty. Gweinyddodd Mr Hughes, Rhostryfan. Maellawer o’r hogiau yn yr ysbyty’n dioddef o ewinrhew acoerfel. Dim ond 60 o ddynion sydd ar ôl yn y bataliwn.

Collais i bob dim – gan gynnwys fy reiffl, offer, dillad isaf,raseli – popeth yn y storm eira –nid oeddwn yn poeni am ddimheblaw fy mywyd. Gallaf ddweudwrthych ei bod hi’n rhyfeddol einbod ni wedi dal ati.

CQMS Isaac Roberts, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

“On the Friday night before we were relieved a big stormcame on. Thunder, lightening, snow and rain. The biggeststorm I have ever seen or hope to see. At the end of thestorm we were up to our knees in water. I must tell youthat the water came into the trenches without any warning,very nearly drowning some of the chaps.

Then it began to freeze. I shall never forget this blizzard.Many of our chaps died in the sand dunes from exposure.Two from Caernarfon which I helped to bury at thehospital. Mr Hughes, Rhostryfan officiating. Many of thechaps are in hospital suffering from frostbite and exposure.There are only 60 men left in the battalion.

I lost every scrap – including rifle, equipment,underclothing, razors –everything in the blizzard – Icared for nothing but my life.I may tell you its wonderfulhow we have stuck it.”

CQMS Isaac Roberts, 6th Battalion,Royal Welsh Fusiliers

Y cwympedigion ar ôl Storm Fawr misTachwedd a darodd penrhyn GallipoliDiolch i The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester

Casualties after the Great Storm ofNovember that hit the Gallipoli peninsulaCourtesy of The Keep Military Museum, Dorchest

Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol CymreigCourtesy of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers Museum

© Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia – A03770 © Australian War Memorial – G01265

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Methiant oedd ymosodiad mis Awst yn ANZAC a BaeSuvla. Rhyddhawyd y Cadfridog Syr Ian Hamilton oorchymyn Byddin Ymgyrchol y Canoldir ac fe’idisodlwyd gan y Cadfridog Syr Charles Monro.

Gyda Bwlgaria’n dod i mewn i’r rhyfel ar ochr y PwerauCanol a’r lluoedd bellach o fewn tafliad carreg oANZAC yn Salonika, aeth y sefyllfa’n eithafol. Gwnaedargymhelliad i ymgilio o’r penrhyn yn dilyn ymweliadgan yr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol dros y Rhyfel, yCadlywydd Horatio Kitchener.

Yn wahanol i’r ymgyrch ar y tir, roedd yr ymgiliad oGallipoli’n llwyddiant. Hwyliodd bron i 150,000 oddynion i ffwrdd o’r penrhyn rhwng mis Rhagfyr 1915 amis Ionawr 1916 gyda nifer fach iawn o gwympedigion.

Y llong olaf i fynd â’r fintai i ffwrdd o Fae Suvla oeddHMS Barryfield – arferai’r Stemar Olwyn Barry fod yngwch oedd yn fwy cysylltiedig â phleser na rhyfel cyn1914. Gweithiodd HMS Barryfield ar hyd ymgyrchGallipoli yn cludo dynion a darpariaethau i’r traethau,gan ddioddef rhywfaint o ddifrod i un o’i hesgyll pangafodd ei tharo gan ffrwydryn. Yn yr Ail Ryfel Byd, fe’ihailenwyd yn HMS Snaefell a hon oedd un o’r “llongaubach” a achubodd y dynion o draethau Dunkirk.

The August offensive at ANZAC and Suvla Bay was afailure. General Sir Ian Hamilton was relieved of thecommand of the Mediterranean Expedition Force andreplaced by General Sir Charles Monro.

With the entry of Bulgaria into the war on the side ofthe Central Powers and forces now within strikingdistance of ANZAC at Salonika, the situation becamedrastic. A recommendation was made to evacuate thepeninsula following a visit made by the Secretary ofState for War, Field Marshal Horatio Kitchener.

Unlike the land campaign, the evacuation of Gallipoliwas a success. Nearly 150,000 men sailed away fromthe peninsula between December 1915 and January1916 with minimal casualties.

The last ship to take troops away from Suvla Bay wasHMS Barryfield – formerly Paddle Steamer Barry thathad been a boat more associated with pleasure thanwar prior to 1914. HMS Barryfield worked throughoutthe Gallipoli campaign ferrying men and provisions tothe beaches, sustaining some damage to one of itspaddles when hit by a mine. In World War 2,renamed HMS Snaefell, it was one of the “little ships”that rescued men from the Dunkirk beaches.

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OO DDddyyddddiiaadduurr RRhhyyffeell BBaattaalliiwwnn yy FFffiiwwssiillwwyyrr BBrreennhhiinnooll CCyymmrreeiigg,, 88ffeedd BBaattaalliiwwnn::

“8 Ionawr, 1916: Cynhaliwyd yrymgiliad olaf o’r PENRHYN yn ystod ynos. Gadawodd y gyfran fwy o’rBataliwn y ffosydd am 20.00 gan adaelrhengoedd ôl o 120 o swyddogiondigomisiwn a dynion dan orchymyn yCapten A P C Rees i gynnal y llinelltan 23.45. Cynhaliwyd yr esgyniad i’rllong o DRAETH “Z”. Cafwydanhawster gyda’r llwythi ysgafnacholaf oherwydd bod y môr wedi codi acroedd gwynt cryf yn chwythu.Aethpwyd â Phencadlys y Bataliwn a300 o ddynion mewn llong ddistryw adechreuwyd teithio i LEMNOS ondoherwydd y môr eithriadol o arw,roedd hi’n amhosibl symud ymlaenyno ac aeth y Llong Ddistryw iIMBROS i gysgodi lle trawslwythwyd yfintai i stemar olwyn a’u cludo iLEMNOS. Casglwyd y Bataliwn i gydyma erbyn 12.00 ar 10 Ionawr -cynhaliwyd yr ymgiliad cyflawn bronheb unrhyw gwympedigion.”

Y Lt Cyrnol A Hay, y Prif Swyddog, 8fed Bataliwn, yFfiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig.

FFrroomm 88tthh BBaattttaalliioonn,, RRooyyaall WWeellsshhFFuussiilliieerrss BBaattttaalliioonn WWaarr DDiiaarryy::

“8th January, 1916: The finalevacuation of the PENINSULA wascarried out during the night. Thegreater portion of the Battalion left thetrenches at 20.00 leaving a rear partyof 120 NCO’s and men under thecommand of Captain A P C Rees tohold the line till 23.45. Embarkation

was carried out from “Z”BEACH. Difficulty wasexperienced with the lastfew lighter loads owing tothe sea having got up and astrong wind blowing.

Battalion Headquarters and 300men were taken off in aDestroyer and a start wasmade for LEMNOS butowing to the extremelyrough sea it was impossibleto proceed there and theDestroyer went for shelterto IMBROS where thetroops were transhipped toa paddle steamer andconveyed to LEMNOS. TheBattalion was all collectedhere by 12.00 on January

10th – the complete evacuationhaving been carried out withpractically no casualties.”

Lt Colonel A Hay, Commanding Officer, 8thBattalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

Arglwydd Kitchener yn ymweld â’r ffosydd, GallipoliLord Kitchener Visiting Trenches, GallipoliQ13595©Imperial War Museum

Stemar Olwyn Barry [HMS Barry] Y llong olaf iadael Bae Suvla yn ystod Ymgiliad mis Rhagfyr. Ffotograff diolch i wefan y Barry Merchant Seamen

Paddle Steamer Barry [HMS Barry] Last ship toleave Suvla Bay during the December Evacuation.Photograph courtesy of the Barry Merchant Seamen website

Bedd y Preifat Thomas H Bull, 8fed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr BrenhinolCymreig – Mynwent Pink Farm. 16 oed. Bu farw yn ystod yr ymgiliado Gallipoli – 7 Ionawr, 1916.Diolch i Alun Salisbury�

Grave of Private Thomas H Bull, 8th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers –Pink Farm Cemetery. 16 years old. He died during the evacuation ofGallipoli – 7th January, 1916.Courtesy of Alun Salisbury

Tedi Bêr – Fe’i darganfuwyd gan yr Uwch-sarsiantSidney Davies Bean, DCM, 2il Fataliwn, CyffinwyrDe Cymru yn ystod yr ymgiliad o’r ffosydd ynHelles ym mis Ionawr 1916. Ni wyddys pwy oeddy perchennog gwreiddiol ond mae’n debygol nalwyddodd i oroesi ymgyrch Gallipoli.Dyfarnwyd y Fedal Gwasanaeth Neilltuol i’rUwch-sarsiant Bean ar 3 Mai 1915. Diolch i Amgueddfa Gatrodol y Cymry Brenhinol, Aberhonddu

Teddy Bear – Discovered by Sergeant SidneyDavies Bean, DCM, 2nd Battalion, South WalesBorderers during the evacuation of trenches atHelles in January 1916. It is not known whowas the original owner but it is likely that hedid not survive the Gallipoli campaign.Sergeant Bean went on to be awarded theDistinguished Service Medal on the 3rd May 1915. Courtesy of The Regimental Museum of the Royal Welsh, Brecon

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Mae un hanes am gludwr dwr o Dwrci, neu saka, yn tynnu sylw at y caredigrwyddhwnnw, hyd yn oed ar yr adegau mwyaf anodd:

“Un diwrnod, collodd cludwr dwr o’r 57fed Catrawd ei ffordd a chamoddi ffosydd y gelyn. Gan sylweddoli iddo wneud camgymeriad, dywedodd‘Anfonodd fy nghomander fi draw yma. Roedd yn meddwl efallai bodangen dwr arnoch yn ystod y diwrnodau haf poeth hyn.’ Roedd y milwyrCynghreiriol oedd wastad yn eithriadol o brin o ddwr yn falch iawn o’rcynnig. Cymerasant y bagiau dwr oddi wrtho a llwytho’i ful gyda’urhoddion eu hunain, bwyd mewn tun a siocledi cyn iddynt ei anfon yn ôl.”

O: “Gallipoli Campaign” gan Simon Bilge a’r Is-gadfridog R Tuaf 1995.

Gallipoli was a defeat for the Allies and a victory forTurkey. It eventually led to the founding of a newstate led by one of the heroes of the campaign– Kemal Atatürk.

For New Zealand and Australia, theGallipoli campaign was a turning point intheir respective histories. It is here thatthe ANZAC legend was born.

The conditions had been horrific for allsides and the tenacity and braveryshown by those who fought for theeight months of the campaign wasacknowledged by both armies thatfought on the peninsula. A mutualrespect grew between the“Johnnies” and the “Mehmets”.

Although the fighting was fierce andbloody, small acts of kindness andrespect were acted out amid thehorror of warfare – truces to bury thedead on both sides werecommonplace and the Great Storm ofNovember became “an unforseennatural phenomenon with casualtiesworse than battle.”

Roedd Gallipoli yn orchfygiad i’rCynghreiriaid ac yn fuddugoliaeth i Dwrci.Arweiniodd yn y pen draw at sefydlugwladwriaeth newydd dan arweiniad un oarwyr yr ymgyrch – Kemal Atatürk.

Roedd ymgyrch Gallipoli yn drobwynt ynhanesion Seland Newydd ac Awstralia.Dyma lle ganed yr ANZAC chwedlonol.

Bu’r amodau’n erchyll i bob ochr achydnabuwyd y cryfder a’r dewrder addangoswyd gan y rheiny a frwydrodd amwyth mis yr ymgyrch gan y ddwy fyddin afrwydrodd ar y penrhyn. Magodd parchrhwng y “Johnnies” a’r “Mehmets”.

Er i’r ymladd fod yn ffyrnig a gwaedlyd,gwelwyd achosion bach o garedigrwydd apharch ymhlith erchylltra’r rhyfela – roeddy cadoediadau i gladdu’r meirw ar y ddwyochr yn gyffredin a daeth Storm Fawr misTachwedd yn “ffenomenon naturiol heb eirhagweld gyda’r cwympedigion yn waethna’r rhai yn y brwydrau.”

Darlun gan y Lefftenant Richard John Lunt Robertso’r 6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig, awasanaethodd yn ystod ymgyrch Gallipoli. Roeddyn arlunydd dawnus a aeth ymlaen i ddarluniocloriau llyfrau a darlunio i gylchgrawn Punch. Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

Drawing by Lt Richard John Lunt Roberts of6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers, whoserved during the Gallipoli campaign. He wasa talented artist who later went on to ilustratebook covers and draw for Punch magazine.Courtesy of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers Museum

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System Ffosydd Twrci – Diolch i Alun Salisbury

Turkish Trench System – Courtesy of Alun Salisbury

One story about a Turkish water carrier, a saka, highlights that kindness, even inthe most difficult of times:

“One day a water carrier from the 57th Regiment lost his way andentered enemy trenches. Realising his mistake he said ‘Mycommander sent me over here. He thought you might be in need ofwater during these hot summer days.’ The Allied soldiers who werealways extremely short of water were very pleased with the offer.They took the bags of water off him and loaded his mule with giftsof their own, canned food and chocolates before sending him back.”

From: “Gallipoli Campaign” by Simon Bilge and Lt Gen R Tuaf 1995.

Gallipoli – Milwr Twrcaidd wedi’i anafu mewn Gorsaf Drin Clwyfau Awstralaidd© Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia – A03770

Gallipoli – Injured Turkish soldier at an Australian Dressing Station. © Australian War Memorial – A03770

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Arafodd a stopiodd ymgyrch Gallipoli gyda’r gost oran bywydau’n rhyw 86,000 o fintai Twrcaidd,10,000 o Ffrancod a rhyw 36,000 o filwyr yGymanwlad.

Nid oedd modd i Gomisiwn y Beddau RhyfelImperialaidd ddychwelyd i’r penrhyn i glirio maes ygad a cheisio enwi cynifer o’r cwympedigion âphosibl tan ar ôl y Cadoediad ym 1918.

Erbyn hyn, roedd y beddau gwreiddiol oeddwedi’u marcio gyda’u henwau wedi diflannu ac niddaethpwyd o hyd iddynt fyth eto. Arysgrifennwyd27,000 o enwau ar chwe chofeb i’r colledigion arGallipoli gyda’r mwyafrif wedi’u canfod ar GofebHelles sy’n sefyll ar flaen y penrhyn.

Mae Cofeb Merthyron Çanakkale wedi’i chysegrui’r milwyr Twrcaidd a frwydrodd yn ddewr am eumamwlad ac a ddaeth yn wrthwynebwyr mawr euparch i’r dynion a glaniodd ar eu glannau.

The Gallipoli campaign ground to a halt with thecost in lives of around 86,000 Turkish troops,10,000 Frenchmen and almost 36,000Commonwealth soldiers.

It was not until after the Armistice of 1918 that theImperial War Graves Commission was able to returnto the peninsula to clear the battlefields and attemptto identify as many of the fallen as possible.

By this time, original graves that had been markedby name had disappeared and were never foundagain. 27,000 names are inscribed on six memorialsto the missing on Gallipoli with the majority foundon the Helles Memorial that stands on the tip of thepeninsula.

The Çanakkale Martyrs’ Memorial is dedicated to theTurkish soldiers who fought bravely for theirhomeland and who became respected adversariesto the men who landed on their shores.

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Preifat Willie Williams7fed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol CymreigBlaenrhos, 205, Heol Manod, Blaenau FfestiniogDiolch i Alun Salisbury

Private Willie Williams7th Battalion, Royal Welsh FusiliersBlaenrhos, 205, Manod Road,Blaenau FfestiniogCourtesy of Alun Salisbury

Cofeb Helles, Gallipoli – Diolch i Marietta Crichton Stuart

Helles Memorial, Gallipoli – Courtesy of Marietta Crichton Stuart

Preifat Thomas Maelor Davies6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig6, Stryd Fictoria, CaernarfonMynwent Lala Baba, Bae Suvla Yn debygol o fod wedi marw yn y Storm FawrDiolch i Alun Salisbury

Private Thomas Maelor Davies6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers6, Victoria Street, CaernarfonLala Baba Cemetery, Suvla BayLikely to have been a casualty of the Great StormCourtesy of Alun Salisbury

Mynwent Ffrengig, GallipoliDiolch i Graham Knight

French Cemetery, GallipoliCourtesy of Graham Knight

Cofeb y Merthyron – I gofio’r Colledigion Twrcaidd yn ystod Ymgyrch GallipoliDiolch i Graham Knight

The Martyrs Memorial – Commemorating the Turkish Losses During the Gallipoli CampaignCourtesy of Graham Knight

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“Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives;You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country.

Therefore rest in peace.There is no difference between the Johnnies and the MehmetsTo us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours.

You, the mothers, who sent their sons from far away countries,Wipe away your tears;

Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace.After having lost their lives on this land They have become our sons as well.”

Mustapha Kemal AtatürkFirst President of TurkeyWho Fought at Gallipoli

1934

“I’r arwyr hynny a gollodd waed ac yna’u bywydau;Rydych chi’n gorwedd dan dir gwlad gyfeillgar.

Felly cysgwch yn dawel.Nid oes gwahaniaeth rhwng y Johnnies a’r Mehmets i ni

Lle gorweddant ochr yn ochr yn ein gwlad.

Chi famau a anfonodd eu meibion o wledydd pell,Sychwch eich dagrau;

Gorwedd eich meibion yn ein mynwes ac mewn hedd.Ar ôl colli eu bywydau ar y tir hwn

Maen nhw nawr yn feibion i ni hefyd.”

Mustapha Kemal AtatürkArlywydd Cyntaf TwrciA Frwydrodd yn Gallipoli

1934

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1934

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Page 24: Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI€¦ · Fusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regiment and many fighting in other regiments had died. This is the story of the

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