Yong Ho Park

1

Yong Ho ParkYong Ho Park

Dean and Professor

College of Veterinary Medicine

Seoul National University

✉ [email protected]

Evaluation of the Competitiveness of Vet School: SNU case study

Evaluation of the Competitiveness of Vet School: SNU case study

2

Table of Contents

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards

1. Methodology

2. Importance and Characteristics

3. Accreditation Standards

4. Analysis of AVMA Standards

Part II. Other Associations

1. World Veterinary Association (WVA)

2. American Animal Hospital Associations (AAHA)

3. European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE)

4. The Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS)

Part III. Special Topics

1. Internationalization

2. Income Generation

Part IV. Conclusion

3

Part I. Analysis of AVMA StandardsPart I. Analysis of AVMA Standards

1. Methodology1. Methodology

2. Importance & Characteristics 2. Importance & Characteristics

3. Accreditation Standards3. Accreditation Standards

4. Analysis of AVMA Standards4. Analysis of AVMA Standards

4

Ranking SNUCornell Univ.

(USA)

London Univ.

(UK)

Utrecht Univ.

(Netherlands)

Massy Univ.

(New Zealand)

The TIMES1)

63 15 25 95 Out of ranking

News Week2)

Out of top 100

19 25 52 Out of ranking

Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.3)

160 12 26 40 197

Methodology - SEDS

Status Analysis of AVMA/BK21 standards

Evaluation Evaluation by using SWOT analysis model

Direction Benchmarking and Beyond

Strategy Eliminate Reduce Raise Create

SS

EE

SS

SSELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Benchmarking Universities

Specific strategies

1) The World’s Top 200 Universities (The Times, 2006)

2) The Top 100 Global Universities (Newsweek 2006)

3) The Top 500 World Universities (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2006)

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards1. Methodology

5

Importance of AVMA

Importance of AVMA

AVMA is authorized by the U.S. Department of Education as the accrediting body for the 28 schools of veterinary medicine in the United States.

The AVMA educational standards of excellence are recognized worldwide as the "gold standard" in veterinary education.

It will be very meaningful for SNU veterinary school to get the official accreditation from AVMA.

AVMAStandard

Characteristics

AVMAStandard

Characteristics

Relative but not absolute evaluation

Consider creative aspects which are not included in AVMA standards

Consider continuing improvement, as well as current status

Although SNU vet school falls behind the US vet school in the absolute standards, it is possible to get the AVMA accreditation if they explain the special status and establish effective strategies.

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards2. Importance & Characteristics

6

1. Institutional Accreditation

2. Finances

3. Organization & Communication

4. Physical Facilities and Equipment

5. Resources for Clinical Instruction

6. Library and Informational Resources

7. Admission

8. Students

9. Faculty and Staff

10. Curriculum

11. Outcomes Assessment

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards3. Accreditation Standards

7

Standards Status Evaluation

1. Institutional Accreditation A part of Seoul National University

2a. University (SNU) annual budget Insufficient compared with other foreign universities

2b. Vet school annual budget 8.1% level of Cornell Veterinary Medicine School’s budget

2c. The appropriateness of budgetAlthough it is absolutely insufficient, it can relatively meet the standard, if we consider special characteristics such as (1) differences in per capita income, (2) the uncounted income, and so on.

2d. The improvement needed Weak in income sources and income generation strategy 2e. The reserve fund of college The annual reserve fund of 400~500 million won

2f. Scholarship and supporting fund37.3% of current undergraduate students and most of the graduate (master & doctor program) students receive full or partial scholarship ◎


4.2. Finances

Conform & better than other schools

Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools

Not conform, but keep continuing improvement

Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics Not conform

◎

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.1. Institutional Accreditation

8

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

Unnecessary expenses

TERM

Strategies for fund raising (see part IV)

New plan for commercialization of research output

Government support fund

Non-professional commitment

Low

High

TermShort Long

A

B

C

D

E

F

Term-Priority Matrix

Reasonable increase of tuition

Pri

ori

ty

4.2. Finances 4.2.1. Specific Strategies

A

B

C

D

E

F

9

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.3. Organization and Communication


3a. The program must develop and follow its mission statement

The school has a clear mission statement: improving the human and animal welfare.

3b~3g. The structure of organization and communication line

The main decision is made by the ‘Ministry of Education & Human Resources.

3h. Possibility of members’ participation from budget to curriculum

The budget and revenue allocated to college are assigned after sufficient communication among professors and staff. As for the curriculum, the roles of professors are very important.





◎

10

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A

B

C

D


Pri

ori

ty

A

B

C

D

4.3. Organization and Communication 4.3.1. Specific Strategies

Ineffective work procedure of administration

Communication channel between director and students (e.g., “Meet with the Dean” in U.S. universities

Program to enhance the tie between faculty members and students (e.g., BBQ party & Softball game)

Unnecessary rules and regulations

Short Long

E

Effectiveness of meetings

E

11

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.4. Physical Facilities and Equipment


4a. Adequate in number, appropriate in maintenance of required facilities for educational goals.

The school owns most of the equipments required in veterinary education, and it has been the best among the universities in Korea.

4b.Contemporary and standard type of facilities and equipment

It does not go well in the aspect of equipment sharing among laboratories.

4c. Sufficient office space for the instructional and administrative personnel

Space is sufficient for professors and staff for their work.

4d. Maintenance of laboratory animal Laboratory animals are well maintained.

4e. Safety of students, program personnel, and animals

Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources of Seoul National University manages and supervises the laboratory security.

4f. Maintenance and regulation of drugs, biologics, reagents, and other materials

The source of supply is stable

4g. Waste managementThe waste is separately collected in the school, and secondarily removed by the maintenance company on the regularly scheduled dates.

4h. Sufficient storage for program needs There are separated storages for each laboratory and study room.





◎

12

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A

B

D

E


Pri

ori

ty

A

B

D E

4.4. Physical Facilities and Equipment4.4.1. Specific Strategies

Separated storage for each laboratory

Sharing equipments among laboratories

Commonly sharing storage

Expansion of facilities and equipments (e.g., research center for biomedical engineering)

C

Further classification for waste categorization

C

Short Long

13

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.5. Resources for Clinical Instruction


5a. Laboratory animals required in clinical instructionThe school keeps most of the AVMA required animals, but not the recommended animals.

5b. Guidelines for the care and use of animalsThe standards are met by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources of Seoul National University.

5c. The use of models and other alternate methods of teaching

Alternate methods are used without distorting original veterinary education objective.

5d. Records and logs for animals usedThe records and logs of using laboratory animals are drawn up and kept according to the standard made by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources of Seoul National University.

5e. Off-campus providers of instructional supportThe off-campus clinical education facilities used at present are Korean Horse Racing Association, National Veterinary Research Quarantine Service Center, animal farm of SNU Suwon Campus, and affiliated farms.





◎

14

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

AB

C


Pri

ori

ty

A B

C

4.5. Resources for Clinical Instruction 4.5.1. Specific Strategies

Expanding the types and quantity of laboratory animals

Expanding the off-campus clinical education facilities(E.g., expanding the affiliated farms, enhancing the relationship between professors and off-campus farms)

Expanding the alternate methods of experiments on animals

Short Long

15

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.6. Library and Informational Resources


6a. Timely access to current information resources and qualified librarian or resource specialist

The school possesses the vet school library besides SNU library and medical library. The search and browse are available on line for both foreign and domestic journals in all of the above libraries.

◎

6b. Method of library use and development of information retrieval skills

Periodic education is provided for an updated use of library database. Students can access to the e-Resource which continuously updates the recent trend.

◎





◎

16

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A

B

C


Pri

ori

ty

A B C

4.6. Library and Informational Resources4.6.1. Specific Strategies

Sharing the book reviews through Internet

Sharing the archive materials and database with other institutes (e.g., Inter-library Loan)

Revenue generation through professional search by the librarians Short Long

17

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.7. Admission


7a. The institution and program admission policiesThe school follows the well defined and documented admission policy according to the standard of higher education law of Korea.

7b. Qualifications of applicants

Qualification of candidates for admission is judged by university admission department. Specifically the applicants are evaluated through university qualification exam, university math exam, interview, and essay- writing.

7c. Selective admissions and non-selective admissions

Students are chosen through selective admission procedure.

7d. Catalogs or other official publications for admission

Related publications are not sufficient.

7e. The institution responsible for student recruitment practices

The university takes responsibilities for the whole procedure from recruitment to selection.





◎

18

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A

B

C


Pri

ori

ty

A

B C

4.7. Admission4.7.1. Specific Strategies

Advertising for admission (e.g., publishing brochure)

Publishing periodical news letter (e.g., on-line/off-line, Korean/English)

Public relation programs for high school students (e.g., campus visit) Short Long

19

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards4.8. Students


8a. The number of studentsThe vet school has been cutting down the number of new students for the past ten years to maintain the optimum number of students. The current recruitment number is 40, while the facilities can allow 60 students.

8b. Student support service, interactions between students and faculty members/staff

The university provides various student support service, such as the job seeking service, consulting service for student, international communication service and so on. But the participation rate for course evaluation is very low.

8c. Teamwork, ethical and professional behavior

Teamwork, ethnical and professional behavior educations are provided through team teaching, team projects, and invited lecturers.

8d. Student organizationThe student organization performs friendship activities and some volunteer social services.





◎

20

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A B

C


Pri

ori

ty

A

B

C

4.8. Students4.8.1. Specific Strategies

Including visiting professors, adjunct professors, and full-time lecturers in the faculty members

Participation in course evaluation

Specially-appointed endowed professors

Team-teaching, and team project courses

D

Expanding the scope of student council activities both regionally and nationally

E

D

E

Short Long

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Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.9. Faculty and Staff


9a. The number of faculty and staffResearch assistants and public service personnel complement the lack of administration office workers, but the number of professors is insufficient.

9b. Qualification and responsibility of instructors and staff

Qualified instructors and staff are employed only when they meet the high standards.

9c – 9d. The qualification and responsibility of director

The Dean is a vet school professor and in charge of the whole administration affairs.

9e. Full-time licensed veterinarian and veterinary

(1) All the courses are provided by qualified veterinarians and professors with Ph.D. degree (2) Although veterinary technicians are insufficient compared with those of foreign universities, they are supplemented by graduated students.

9f. Compensation, incentives, and employment security

Professors are tenured and categorized as high income group in Korea.

9g. Faculty assisting programProfessors are supported through teaching and research development program of SNU.

9h. Sufficient facility and qualified faculty for off-campus clinical

The school possesses the off-campus facilities, but does not have special personnel to take responsibility in the off-campus clinical education.





◎

22

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A

C


Pri

ori

ty

B

A

4.9. Faculty and Staff4.9.1. Specific Strategies

The number of professors

Director’s tenure

C

Veterinary technician system

D

B

D

Enhancing Dean’s power of allocating compensations

Short Long

23

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.10. Curriculum


10a. The curriculum shall provide a foundation in veterinary technology that will inspire the student to continue life-long learning

The curriculum includes all the courses of basic, laboratory, and clinical knowledge.

10b. The specific courses shall teach basic medical science, communication, critical thinking, decision- making, and clinical application skills

The specific courses teach basic medical science, communication, clinical application skills, but not critical thinking and decision making.

10c. The curriculum must include general education and specific veterinary technology course content, and course objectives must be clearly communicated to the student

General education courses and major courses are separated, but the contents are not well informed for the students.

10d. A practical veterinary experience is a required portion of the curriculum

The field practice is the required course for SNU vet school students.

10e - f. The program must provide documentation of standard criteria for evaluating completion of all essential skills and the documentation that students have completed all essential skills

There are well-documented criteria for student evaluation. The school also maintains the high pass rate of national veterinary qualification examination.

10g. The program includes certain areas within the curriculum to capitalize on regional variation, institutional strengths, and available job market.

There is no particular curriculum to capitalize on regional and university variation.

10h. The academic institutions accept credits from other colleges, universities, or recognized educational entities.

The school does not accept credits from other institutions. 10i. Students are required to demonstrate the competency of the courses, if credit is to be given for high school courses,

High school credits are not accepted.





◎

24

Pri

ori

ty

ELIMINATEELIMINATE

short mid long

REDUCEREDUCE

RAISERAISE

CREATECREATE

TERM

Low

High

Term

A

BC


A

B

C

4.10. Curriculum4.10.1. Specific Strategies

D

E

D

EThe number of courses

Publishing the course syllabus for the prospective students

Formal courses of critical thinking and decision making

Specific schedules for clinical practices

Transfer credits between schools and institutions

Short Long

25

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.11. Outcomes Assessment


11a. Assessment of student outcome No assessment by the students

11b. Assessment of institutional outcome No assessment by the administrators

11c. Assessment of clinical competencies outcome No assessment by the employers of the graduates





◎

26

Conclusion of Evaluation

• Needs number of international Faculty/Staff and students

• Develop better Curriculum fit for international standard, however, it should be specific and unique at the region

• Prepare good rationale for the accreditation

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Part II. Other AssociationsPart II. Other Associations

1. World Veterinary Association (WVA)1. World Veterinary Association (WVA)

2. American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) 2. American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)





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Part II. Other Associations 1. World Veterinary Association (WVA)

Difference between WVA & AVMADifference between WVA & AVMA

WVA: Minimum requirements for veterinary education

AVMA:The highest standard of achievement for veterinary medical education in the United States.

ObjectivesObjectives

1. To set up a world-wide accreditation system to establish accreditation on a regional basis.

2. To identify basic requirements for setting up a veterinary school to obtain WVA approval.

3. To identify areas in which veterinary involvement could be introduced or improved.

4. To explore possibilities of distance learning and to make recommendations for post-graduate education and professional development.

5. To suggest to the WVA ways and means by which these tasks could be implemented.

WVA Accreditation StandardsWVA Accreditation Standards

1. A veterinary education institution must be of university level.

2. The veterinary curriculum must be under the immediate and sole direction of a veterinarian.

3. The duration of the veterinary curriculum must of at least four years. A minimum of eight months of instruction is required in each year.

4. The veterinary curriculum must cover subjects in relation to the various animal species and animal production systems.

5. Appropriate library and audio-visual facilities as well as sufficient clinical, laboratory and practical training must be provided.

6. Students must be properly supervised and evaluated throughout the course of their studies.

7. The research activities must contribute to the acquisition of knowledge, both at the applied and fundamental levels.

8. The continuing education must be able to assist practicing veterinarians to cope with rapidly changing professional demands.

Source: www.worldvet.orgSource: www.worldvet.org

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Part II. Other Associations 2. American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)

Characteristics of AAHACharacteristics of AAHA

AAHA is the only organization that accredits animal hospitals throughout the U.S. and Canada.

AAHA is well known among veterinarians and pet owners for its standards for hospitals and pet health care.

Characteristics of AAHA Accreditation SystemCharacteristics of AAHA Accreditation System

There are more than 900 standards in the 18 areas.

Hospitals do not have to meet every single standard provided. They can pick and choose the standards they are already meeting and improve your practice in other areas if necessary.

There are only 46 mandatory core standards.

Source: www.aahanet.orgSource: www.aahanet.org

ActivitiesActivities

The Association develops the following activities to help companion animal practices thrive.

- Benchmarks- Business practice standards- Informative publications- Educational programs

AAHA Accreditation StandardsAAHA Accreditation Standards

1. Anesthesia (9)

2. Client Service

3. Contagious Disease (1)

4. Continuing Education

5. Dentistry (2)

6. Diagnostic Imaging (5)

7. Emergency/Urgent Care (1)

8. Human Resource

9. Housekeeping & Maintenance (1)

10. Examination Facilities

11. Laboratory (2)

12. Leadership

13. Medical Record

14. Pain Management (2)

15. Patient Care (6)

16. Pharmacy (3)

17. Safety Standards

18. Surgery (11)

Note: The areas in bold are those which have mandatory core standards. And the figure in parenthesis are number of mandatory standards

Note: The areas in bold are those which have mandatory core standards. And the figure in parenthesis are number of mandatory standards

30


About the EAEVEAbout the EAEVE

Established in 1988.

38 vet schools have been accredited (’07.7)

Advisory Committee on Veterinary Training (ACVT, EC Directive 1978/1028/EEC)

Proposed Veterinary specialization

Established European Board of Veterinary Specialist (07. 11)

Consists of 35 Vet Med Associations and 4 Councils (UEVP, UEVH, EASVO, EVERI)

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About the AAVSAbout the AAVS

The scope and variety of activities need to be improved to cope with the rapidly changing professional demands in Asia.

Suggestions:- Develop accreditation system for Asian vet schools (by benchmarking AVMA)- Develop accreditation system for Asian animal hospitals (by benchmarking AAHA)- Organize joint symposium on Zoonosis, Food Safety and develop continuing

education programs

Year of 2001, Seoul, KOREAYear of 2001, Seoul, KOREA

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Part III. Special TopicsPart III. Special Topics

1. Internationalization1. Internationalization

2. Income Generation 2. Income Generation

33

Part III. Special Topics 1. Internationalization

현행 : 한국어 위주

지향점 : 영어 비중 확대

Directions for InternationalizationDirections for Internationalization

현행 : 연구중심

지향점 : 연구 + 교육Present: research focus

Future: research + education

Present: research focus

Future: research + educationPresent: developed countries

Future: developed + developing countries

Present: developed countries

Future: developed + developing countries

Present: classes in national language

Future: increase of classes in English

Present: classes in national language

Future: increase of classes in English

Present: short-term & one-off events

Future: long-term & continuing events

Present: short-term & one-off events

Future: long-term & continuing events

34

Part III. Special Topics 2. Income Generation

8 types of income generation methods are proposed for SNU vet school

Strategy

Strategy

Tool Tool3

Target

Target

4

2

Method suggestions Detailed methods

2.12.1

2.22.2

3.13.1

3.23.2

4.14.1

4.24.2

Source

Source

1

1.11.1

1.21.2

donationdonation

gift shopgift shop

individual (animal owners/specialists)individual (animal owners/specialists)

institution (companies/ research institutes)institution (companies/ research institutes)

using existing school facilitiesusing existing school facilities

establishing new business department/companyestablishing new business department/company

using existing advertising mediausing existing advertising media

new advertising medianew advertising media

1.11.1

1.21.2

gift aid, donation (gifts of books and manuscripts, artwork, equipment, cash, securities and so on)gift aid, donation (gifts of books and manuscripts, artwork, equipment, cash, securities and so on)

on-line shop (gifts for pets & pet owners, souvenir and so on)on-line shop (gifts for pets & pet owners, souvenir and so on)

2.12.1

2.22.2

lectures, seminars, & continuing educationlectures, seminars, & continuing education

consulting, co-research & technology transferconsulting, co-research & technology transfer

3.13.1

3.23.2

renting lecture hall, equipment, laboratory & library servicerenting lecture hall, equipment, laboratory & library service

Business Development Team to promote the industry collaboration)Business Development Team to promote the industry collaboration)

4.14.1

4.24.2

publication business (journals and newsletter) publication business (journals and newsletter)

New strategies (paws for a cause, walk of honor)New strategies (paws for a cause, walk of honor)

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Part IV. ConclusionPart IV. Conclusion

36

Part IV. Conclusion

1. AVMA/AAHA Accreditation System1. AVMA/AAHA Accreditation System It is important to benchmark the AVMA and AAHA

accreditation standards when we establish a similar association in Asia.

2. International Scope2. International Scope The scope of the association should go beyond individual

national level to the Asian region.

3. Effective Cooperation3. Effective Cooperation Since there are similarities in history and culture, the Asian

countries can effectively help with each other, in research, teaching, and setting standards for veterinarian medicine in the Asian region.

37

•Develop the Joint Communiqué of the 8th AAVS DEAN’S MEETING 2008

38

Joint Communiqué of the 8th AAVS MEETING 2008

• 1. The first Executive Committee Meeting presided over by the AAVS former president Hayashi Yoshihiro took place on 21 of February 2008 prior to the AAVS annual meeting on April 24-25 2008, with the AAVS vice-president PARK, Yong Ho and KIMURA Junpei and LEE, Yong Soon, for the discussion of the meeting agenda, the election of AAVS president, approval of new member school and examination of next hosting country of the AAVS 2009.

• 2. The 8th Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS) Dean’s meeting of the AAVS

convened from 24 to 25 April 2008 at Seoul, Korea, the invitation to which was extended by the AAVS, was participated by 33 delegates from 11 member countries and US. The list of participating countries is found in the appendix 1 and 2

• 3. The 8th AAVS Dean’s meeting was focused on 1) standardization of Asian veterinary education 2) accreditation of Asian veterinary schools 3) collaboration and cooperation on prevention of zoonotic diseases in food-producing animals and companion animals

• 4. All participating delegates agreed with the necessity of development of AAVS standard and accreditation based on proposal of Prof Mohd Zamir Saad, Malaysia. For the further determination, delegates also agreed with Special Council under the AAVS organization. The Council will develop detail protocols for the above mentioned issues.

• 5. All participating delegates also agreed with the development of joint degree or dual degree program among the accredited Asian veterinary schools upon agreement.

Documents

Yong Ho Park