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« » 17330282.27.060.001-2008
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− 2008 - 04 - 30
2008
II
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III
1. …………………………………………………………………. 1
2. ………………………………………………………………… 1
3. ……………………………………………………………... 2
4. …………………………………………………………………………... 7
5. …………………………………………………………………… 8
6. ……………………………………………. 8
7. ………………………………………… 9
8. ………………………………………………………………………………… 11
9.……………………………………………………………………………. 13
10. …… 17
11. . ……………………………………….. 2012.
……………………………. 2313.
……………………………………………… 2414.
……………………………………………………………………. 3215. ( )
………………………………………. 3316. ( )
……………………………………………………………….. 3317.
…………………………………………………….. 34
18. …………………………………………………………. 3919.
………………………………………………………………………………. 4220.
……………………………………………………………………. 4321.
………. 4422. ( ) ,
…………………………………………………………… 4523. ( ) ( )
4624. )
……………………………………………………………. 62
IV
26. 7027. )
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…………………………………………………………………………… 8531. ( )
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…………………………………………………………………………………. 8933. ( ) ……….. 9034. ( )
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25. ( ) ……………………………………………………………………………… 68
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6433.2-71. . .
4765-73. . .
15140-78. . .
6806-73. . .
21513-76. . - .
12.3.005-75. . . .
12.3.016-87. . . . .
2
12.1.005-88. . .
12.4.011-89. . . .
12.4.103-83. . , . .
9.602-2005 . .
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. 51694-2000 « .
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. 9.304-87 ( 4202-83) . .
. 6058-73 . . 6709-72 . 4165-78 . (II) 5- .
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28
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, ; I –
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( 20-30%), .
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30
13.33 I ( ) , ,
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l = L / 2n, (13.6) 700
, , . n (13.6) .
l ( -2,0 .)
13.36 ( ) ) :
U = I (R + R ) (13.7) R – , .
R – , ., R << R , R
U ( ) :U = I ⋅ R , (13.8)
31
U 12 . R
.13.37 ( )
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R = [ρ / (π⋅ )] ⋅ ln ⋅ (2a / d), , (13.9)ρ - ( ),
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F – ; n – (
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42
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45
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48
I – ; 2 – ..1-
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S
49
J U L .
, 3 . R :
R = U/J (1.2)
ρ, ⋅ , :
ρ = R(S/L), (1.3) R - , ;
S - , 2;L - , .
1 – ; 2 – ; 3 – ;4 – ( );
5 – .
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50
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________________________ _______________________
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,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
______________________________ _____________________________
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R,
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ρ1 2 3 4 5 6
______________________«_____» __________ _______
51
.7
.7.1
, 1000
100 . . 3.
1 – ; 2 – ;pV – ; l – .
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.7.2 ,
100 ,
200 ..7.3
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.
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10 , . ( . 4)
52
. uS 4 ⋅ 5 2 .
:
− ( ), .
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1 – ; 2 – ; 3 – ;4 – ; 5 – ; 6 – ,
; 7 – ; 8 – .
4-
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10 .
53
_________________________ ___________________
____________________________ _____________, _____________________
_______________________________________________ 1,5
,
t, 0 10 20 30 40 50
1 ∆ U .
2 ∆ U .
3 ∆ U .
4 ∆U .
5 ∆U .
6 ∆U .
7 ∆U .
8 ∆U .
9 ∆U .
10 ∆U .
54
_________________________ ___________________
____________________________ _____________, _____________________
_______________________________________________ 1,5
____________________________________________________
,
t, 0 10 20 30 40 50
1 U .
2 U .
3 U .
4 U .
5 U .
6 U .
7 U .
8 U .
9 U .
10 U .
∆U = U . – U ,
U . U
1 2 3
15-20 1
.
.
55
.7.6) 0,04 ,
( , ,
).
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. 200 .
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56
0,7 ..
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57
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( ) 300-350 180-200 .
6456 40 . , ,
3 . 30 , ( )
60-80 . 3-4 .
.
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− 10 ;
− 1-2 5 . 5
10 ;−
10 10.
58
I – ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 -
; 8 - ..5-
.
( , -02) :
m
∆U = (∑Ui / m) - U , (1.5) i=1
∑Ui – , , ; U – ; m –
.
, 10 .
59
_______________________________ __________________________
_________________________________ ________________, _________________________
___________________ 1,5
____________________________________________________
,
t, 0 10 20 30 40 50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4
______________________________________________________________________, )
________________ _______________ _______________
60
.9.5
. – -
0,01 (1⋅10-5 ) ( . 5).
10 10-20 .
_______________________________ __________________________
_________________________________ ________________, _________________________
___________________ 1,5
,
t, 0 10 20 30 40 50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
, J, , J, ,j, 2
1 2 3 4
____________________________________________________________________
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61
:j=J/6,25, m 2, (1.6)
J – , ;6,25 – , 2.
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62
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63
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150/70 0
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, . 500, 1000, 1500 1875 .
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250-500-1000-1500… 3000 ..9
, 0,5 ; 1,0 ; 0,5 ; 1,0 .
1500 . .
3 %- . 250-500-1000-1500 .
65
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