Zoe Chan

Esther Chung

Ivy Law

a group of many different diseases that generally all affect cells

The spread of cancer is called metastasis

cells keep dividing, and form too much tissue. Excess tissue can form a mass called a tumor, and this mass can be either benign or malignant tumor.

正常細胞 癌細胞

~They are not cancer~They can be removed. ~The cells do not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body.

~~They are cancer.

~~The cancer cells divide out of control.~~They can invade and destroy nearby healthy tissue or organ.~~Cancer cells can break away from the tumor enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, , then form new tumors in other organs.~~This is how cancer spreads from the

original or primary tumor to form new tumors in other parts of the body.

What is carcinogen?

~They are a substance that causes cancer.

~There are many substances contain carcinogen such food and drug.

﹟Chemicals

﹟Diet

﹟Ionizing radiation

﹟Radiation

﹟Other type of carcinogen such as tobacco.

1~Polycyclic hydrocarbon

2~Artificial colorings

3~Nitrites

4~ Hydrogen peroxide

Diet1~A high-fat diet

2~Heavy drinks of alcohol

Ionizing radiation and radiation

1~Ionizing radiation

2~Radiation ＊ X-ray

＊ gamma ray

＊ ultra-violet

Other types of carcinogen

★tobacca

★Viruses

1.Lung cancer

2.Breast cancer

3.Oral cancer

4.Skin cancer

5.Nasopharyngeal cancer

Lung cancer1~ non-small cell lung cancer

2~small cell lung cancer

※ It is more common

※generally grows and spreads more slowly

※It sometimes called oat cell cancer※It is less common

※It grows more quickly

※more likely to spread to other organs

Causes of lung cancer§Cigarettes

§Cigars and pipes

§Environmental Tobacco Smoke§Pollution

Ductal carcinoma,Lobular carcinoma

When breast cancer spread outsidecancer cell often found in lypmh node under arm

cancer cell have spread to other parts of body (e.g. bone, liver) via the lymphatic system or the bloodstreamWhen breast cancer spreads, it is called me

tastatic breast cancer

Almost all oral cancer are squamous carcinomasSpreads through the lymphatic system, carried along by lymph to other parts of the body Causes:

1. tobacco

2. alcohol

Skin Cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

2 common kinds

Skin cancers need to be detected early and treated

They can invade and destroy nearby tissue

CauseUltraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun

Artificial sources of UV radiation, such as sunlamps and tanning booths

Protection of the skin from the sun should start at childhood to prevent skin cancer later in life.

  

 

Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC)

A cancer which develops in the nasopharynx

(area in the back of the nose and upper throat )

Malignant tumor(NPC) most common type

three subtypes of NPC - keratinizing squamous cell carcinomanon-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaundifferentiated carcinoma

What causes NPC?

Not known

Associated with certain dietary habits

e.g.Eating a diet high in salt-cured fish and meat

香港女性十大常見癌症

How is Cancer Treated?Four major types :

Surgery

Radiation

Chemotherapy

Biologic therapies

Also hormone therapies such as tamoxifen and transplant options such as those done with bone marrow.

Prevention of cancer

Good health

1.Include fruit in your diet

2.Limit alcohol

3.Maintain a healthy body weight

Include fruit in your diet

Diets high in vegetables and fruits decrease the risk of many other cancers.

Good for overall health, they are low in energy and a good source of fibre, vitamins and minerals.

In most cases, better eat the skin of fruit which is full of vitamins and fibre.

Limit alcohol

High alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing bowel cancer.

It linked to cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver and breast.

Alcohol is high in energy (kJ) so drinking too much can also make it harder to manage your body weight.

Maintain a healthy body weight

Find time for regular physical activity;eat more vegetables, fruit and less fat ; reduce your alcohol intake

Reduces the risk of developing cancer and many other diseases

Doing regular exercise can also helps people to:

Feel better Be more relaxed Sleep better