© 2002 IBM Corporation
Архитектура операционного окружения On Demand
Андрей Саранцев, архитектор решений на базе ПО IBM
© 2004 IBM Corporation2
Предприятие, чьи бизнес-процессы
полностью интегрированы
и охватывают как саму компанию, так и ее
ключевых партнеров, поставщиков и
заказчиков— может
оперативно реагировать
на возникающие потребности заказчиков,
появляющиеся возможности и внешние
угрозы.
On Demand Business
© 2004 IBM Corporation3
Традиционная модель На основе Интернет On Demand
Структурированныерасчеты
Обработка данныхТранзакции
Открытые стандартыВзаимодействие
ГибкостьПростота
Модульные компоненты,которые легко задаются и
управляютсяДинамическое определение и
управление
Расширение интеграции ИТ и бизнеса Развивающаяся модель On Demand
© 2004 IBM Corporation5
Обобщенный взгляд на бизнес и IT
Гибкость в финансовой сфере и сфере поставок
ВХОД
ВХОД
Приоритеты вашей организации определяют то, с чего следует начинать.
Трансформациябизнеса
Рабочая средаOn Demand
Бизнес-процессы
© 2004 IBM Corporation6
Гибкость в финансовой сфере и сфере поставок
Трансформация бизнеса
Рабочая средаOn Demand
Бизнес-процессы
Фокус IBM в области ПО: рабочая среда On Demand
© 2004 IBM Corporation7
Текущая ситуация: автоматизация функций
Исторические ограничение:
• У «монолитных» приложений невозможно изменить сферу применения
• В результате специализированной интеграции образуются связи, которые трудно как изменять, так и поддерживать
• Отсутствие единых стандартов ограничивает возможность обеспечения подлинного взаимодействия
Маркетинг
Партнеры
Web
Партнеры
Продажи
Партнеры
© 2004 IBM Corporation8
Маркетинг
Партнеры
Web
Партнеры
Продажи
Партнеры
Будущее: горизонтальная интеграция процессов
Усовершенствования, которые делают горизонтальную интеграцию возможной:
• Основные поставщики согласовали единые стандарты создания сервисов и обеспечения их взаимосвязи
• Появилась инфраструктура, которая поддерживает индивидуальные, практически не связанные с другими сервисы
• Появились механизмы, позволяющие интегрировать существующие системы
• Имеются возможности для автоматизации и виртуализация системных ресурсов
Заказчик/поставщик
© 2004 IBM Corporation9
Для горизонтальных бизнес-процессов необходима технологическая инфраструктура нового поколения
Горизонтальныйпроцесс
Упрощение IT-инфраструктуры
Автоматизация/виртуализация • Надежность• Безопасность• Оптимизация• Готовность к работе• Настройка в соответствии с
едиными принципами• Управление в области бизнес-
услуг • Виртуализация ресурсов –
серверов, хранилищ данных, распределенных систем/сетей
• Бизнес-моделирование • Трансформация процессов• Интеграция приложений и
информации• Доступ и взаимодействие• Управление бизнес-процессами
Интеграция
Управление инфраструктуройГибкость бизнеса
© 2004 IBM Corporation10
Сервисно-ориентированная архитектура (SOA) является ключевым фактором
Что такое SOA? SOA обеспечивает гибкость во взаимодействии приложений и ресурсов за счет:
• Представления каждого приложения или ресурса в виде сервиса со стандартным интерфейсом
• Обеспечения обмена структурированной информацией.
Почему этот так важно?SOA помогает обеспечить гибкость с точки зрения технологий. Все больше компаний и специалистов признают принцип SOA в качестве основного похода к интеграции и формированию единой структуры взаимодействующих приложений.
Горизонтальный процесс
Партнер
Партнер
Интеграция
Управление инфраструктурой
© 2004 IBM Corporation11
Определение сервиса. Поведение сервисов.
Интерфейс. Инкапсуляция
Слабозвязанность. Протоколы.
Многократно используемая бизнес-функция.
Внутренняя хореография
Неинвазивные обертки, вмешательство в код, заложенность в код.
Bind
ServiceRegistry
ServiceRequester
ServiceProvider
FindPublish
ServiceProviderServiceProvider
ServiceRequester
ServiceRequester
ServiceRequester
ServiceProvider
ServiceProvider
© 2004 IBM Corporation12
On demand Operating Environment ArchitectureB
US
INE
SS
US
ER
Enterprise Service Bus
BusinessServices
Infrastructure Services
Business Performance Management
Application Services
Business Process Choreography Services
User Interaction Services
InformationManagement Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Utility Business Service
The On Demand Operating Environment is based upon the concept of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Each element of the architecture is a service that together implements the Operating Environment capabilities.
© 2004 IBM Corporation13
BU
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On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation14
BU
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SU
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On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation15
BU
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SU
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On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation16
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
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On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation17
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
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On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation18
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
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On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation19
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation20
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation21
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation22
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation23
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation24
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation25
BU
SIN
ES
SU
SE
R
On demand Operating Environment Architecture
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
© 2004 IBM Corporation26
BU
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Модификация системы
Enterprise Service Bus
Utility Business Services
Resource Virtualization Services
Business Function Services
Business Process
Choreography Services
Common Services
UserAccess
Services
Business Connections
Availability Services
Security Services
BillingRatingMetering Services
Server Storage Resource MappingNetwork
Choreography
Personalization
Reporting
Custom Applications
Packaged Applications
Adaptation
Business Rules
Interaction Acquired Services
Service Level Automation and Orchestration
Workload Services
Configuration Services
User Interaction Services
Collaboration
PresentationConnectivity
InformationManagement
Services
Information Access
Information Integration
Application ServicesBusinessServices
Peering Settlement
Infrastructure Services
Analytics
Information
Mediation, Messaging, Events, QoS
Problem Management
… … … …… …
…
…
Metadata
Data Placement
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
BusinessService
Business Performance Management
Новая модель Новая функция
Новые правила
© 2004 IBM Corporation27
Корпоративная Сервисная Шина
Корпоративная – все приложения в масштабе корпорации
Сервисная – соединяет потребителей сервисов и поставщиков сервисов
Шина – распределенное подключение и централизованное управление
© 2004 IBM Corporation28
Функции Корпоративной Сервисной Шины
Маршрутизация Трансформация Взаимодействие с базами данных События Качество служб
© 2004 IBM Corporation29
Видимые трудности на пути внедрения СОА
Привычный клиент-серверный базоцентрический подход
WS * - спецификации находятся в процессе выработки. Web Services – единственный на данный момент действующий способ реализации COA
Технология Web Services сама по себе имеет недостатки, являющиеся обратной стороной интероперабельности.
Все будет хорошо!
© 2004 IBM Corporation30
От единой базы данных к единой шине
Базоцентрический подход – Одно приложение размещает в общей базе документ, другое приложение опрашивает базу считывает документ
Среда, основанная на обмене сообщениями – приложение хранит свое состояние в своей базе, формирует документ на основе информации из базы, посылает его как сообщение другому приложению.
© 2004 IBM Corporation31
WS * - спецификации находятся в процессе выработки
J2EE – пример пути, который будет пройден WS*-парадигмой Нижележащие слои обеспечивают недостающую
функциональность Реальные проекты уже стартуют
© 2004 IBM Corporation32
Недостатки WS-технологий будут преодолены
WS* - ZIP для передачи текстовых данных
© 2004 IBM Corporation33
Спасибо!