1

()

1., , 2001; ,

IOSH90-T-038, 2., , 2002; ,

3 3. 2002

4. A Guide to Working Safely in Confined Spaces, Queensland Government,2008

5. ,http://www.nlio.idv.tw/ 6. ,(2006) 7. 2007 8. 99 9.97 10. 11.,, , 2007 12.,,, 201012

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

20 12 15 20 15 12 5 10 6 - - - - -

24 17 21 19 17 17 5 15 8 9 5 6 3 10 (?)

25 12 4 28 28 6 2 10 2 9 6 2 3 6 (?)

99

2

98

98 05 05 98

2010/05/29

6 2010/05/01

24 2009/08/25 1

13

2009/07/21 23

2009/06/18 2121

2008/05/10 111

995106(99)

20105 2 20105 2 8 4

3

1. 18%5 2 2. 4 29 4

3. 27

4. 29 129 1

5. 21 6.

29 6

99

:

8

: :

:

:

:

:

,

7-8

6

4

(PEL(PEL--STEL), ppmSTEL), ppm

(PEL(PEL--Ceiling),Ceiling), ppm ppm

COCO 52.552.5

COCO22 50005000

SOSO22 44

NHNH33 7575

125125 125125

125125

ClCl22 0.50.5

HH22SS 1010

(CO)

(%) ()

0.1 ( 1,000 ppm) 2 0.15 - 0.2 1 0.24 15

25

45

0.4 0.5 30 5 2 3

H2S

(0.05ppm)(50-150ppm)

l0ppm

119

5

H2S

:

2 CH2O CH4 + CO2

191:

(ANSI1977) :

(NIOSH 1979) :

OSHA1993

6

Permit-Required Confined SpacesPRCS, 29 CFR Part 1910 146

19931993

1910.146

Factories Act, Sec. 30The Confined SpaceRegulations

1961196119971997

OccupationalHealth and Safety

19961996

Health and SafetyRegulations-Reg.7

Confined SpaceRegulations

19941994

()

Factories and IndustrialUndertakings (Confined Spaces)Regulations

19731973

1974 (), 1998()

:

()()()

7

()

(()

8

::

::

::

::

: : ::,,: : NN22, Ar, CO, Ar, CO22

: : HH22SS; ; HCN;HCN;;;COCO

:

,,

::,,,,

:,1.5,,

,,,,,,

98

( 98 02 26 )

981013

(87.6.10)

63.73

(92.4.24 /94.11.22?)

( 91 06 12 ) 5

9

1 () 39

8

() () ( ) () () () ()

14

:

1. 19-129-129- 6

2. 295 295

19-1

10

29-1

29-2

29-3

29-2

11

94

94

29-4

29-5

12

29-6

94

________ ___________ ____________________ ______________ __________________ () _______________ ______________ _________________ *

*/ *// */ * *() * * *

47

* ________ _____ _______

1.2 2.3.4.

13

1. :

2. :

3.

4. ()

5.

(87.6.10)

(17~24)

(20,21) (17) (18 19)

(4~16) (4,16)---O2;H2S;; (5,9) (6) (7)

(8)

(18,19) (22) (23) (24):

(25~30)

(31)(8)

(9~12) (13,14) (15)

( )

4

5

18% 18%

1. 18% 2. 10 ppm 3.

4.

5.

14

16

18

24

3

33

3

15

(): 1.

2. () 3.

():

()( ) 1.

(1) (2) ()

() 1. ppm25C1

2. mg/m325C1

3. %1% = 10000ppm ()

1.(PEL-TWA)

2.(PEL-STEL)

131102101001.510010001.2510001

3.(PEL-C)

() 1. 2. (1) (2) (2) (3)

()=(/)(/)

16

(): 1.8

2.15

3.

():

1 1.

2.

63.70

21

17

1.

1.

2 :

()()()()

18

(92.4.24 / 94.11.22?)

1~34~56~89~1011~1819~2021 2421~2425~3233~3435~3839~41

924240920022634 :

:

931020619129l296 l296

()

1.

2.

19

()

1.18%23% 2.10 ppm 3 3.30%

4.

5.

()

1 1. 2. 3.

4.

19%19%