1def
3300nm~780nm3>104m< 105Hz1014Hz radiometry
photometryQeJ/J/m3We/W/sre /W/m2 sre/W/m2e/W/m2
2def dS
dS3def
1CIE555nm555 V()= 555/1.0 cd / m 1.0 cd / m
1-3p6
IPTS-68 683lm/W
2
(Candela)(cd)197916(3)5.401014Hz(1683)Wsr555nm 1
5.4000861014Hz3
(lux)(lx) 1lm 1m2 (ph) 1ph=1lmcm2 1ph=104lx
(lxlmm2)310-40.2201001005001,00010,000
4dSddSN ()dS cos
()ddddScos() B ( L ) lm(m2sr) lm(cm2sr) (nit)(nt)(stilb)(sb)
1sb=104nt
cdcm2 sb 10-10 10-3 0.25 3 8 5001,500 120,000 150,000
p20
60cd O 4m 3m 4m 80% 6m P
0.860cdOABOOcos
Lambert1761 e 1768)17661.20. 0K 1. KirchhoffG.R.1859 T
102. J.H.LambertL
() J.H.Lambert
B S
J.H.LambertL=L I=I0cos
1
2 I=I0cos =90I=0 3M =L
3.
IPd PdA;dAP
=0
4. Planck
42
Wien()Rayleigh-Jeans()Planck5. -Stephan-Boltzmann
6. Wien
Wien
P47 61.2
M = /S = LS/S =L 1.1
1.3
12
A1A2A1A2
L1
LxLx=L1
l f 1/D f F
Bouguer
3100km78.09%20.94%1%Ar 0.93(CO2)(CO)(N2O)(CH4)(O3)(H2O) (1)2%(2)
:pwPa :wg/m3(3): ps (4): sg/m3(5):RH
(6):
0.0330.040.050.039.6m25km10m3~5m
T=288.15kp=101325PapsCO230010-6
=0.185~1.695m110-8
N0
dx
m
. . , 1990.
Flash
- 3.0
