1def

3300nm~780nm3>104m< 105Hz1014Hz radiometry photometryQeJ/J/m3We/W/sre /W/m2 sre/W/m2e/W/m2

2def dS

dS3def

1CIE555nm555 V()= 555/1.0 cd / m 1.0 cd / m

1-3p6

IPTS-68 683lm/W

2

(Candela)(cd)197916(3)5.401014Hz(1683)Wsr555nm 1 5.4000861014Hz3

(lux)(lx) 1lm 1m2 (ph) 1ph=1lmcm2 1ph=104lx (lxlmm2)310-40.2201001005001,00010,000

4dSddSN ()dS cos

()ddddScos() B ( L ) lm(m2sr) lm(cm2sr) (nit)(nt)(stilb)(sb) 1sb=104nt

cdcm2 sb 10-10 10-3 0.25 3 8 5001,500 120,000 150,000

p20

60cd O 4m 3m 4m 80% 6m P

0.860cdOABOOcos

Lambert1761 e 1768)17661.20. 0K 1. KirchhoffG.R.1859 T

102. J.H.LambertL

() J.H.Lambert

B S

J.H.LambertL=L I=I0cos

1

2 I=I0cos =90I=0 3M =L

3.

IPd PdA;dAP

=0

4. Planck

42

Wien()Rayleigh-Jeans()Planck5. -Stephan-Boltzmann

6. Wien

Wien

P47 61.2

M = /S = LS/S =L 1.1

1.3

12

A1A2A1A2

L1

LxLx=L1

l f 1/D f F

Bouguer

3100km78.09%20.94%1%Ar 0.93(CO2)(CO)(N2O)(CH4)(O3)(H2O) (1)2%(2) :pwPa :wg/m3(3): ps (4): sg/m3(5):RH

(6):

0.0330.040.050.039.6m25km10m3~5m

T=288.15kp=101325PapsCO230010-6

=0.185~1.695m110-8

N0

dx

m

. . , 1990.

Flash

- 3.0