1.3 2-1
:p,q,r,s,
(1)123(2)124(3)1234312(and)
1231
(3)pq
pqpq
312(or)
2123
(3)Pq
pqPq
31333
21
(1)ppp(2)ppppppp(3)p3
pp
()()
1)
. 2)
3 P21
PQ PQ P
().
n n-1 n n+1 x,x pq pq x x pq pq
3:
1.p:
,
p:___________________.
2.
,
__________________.
_1223199975.unknown
_1223200102.unknown
_1223200137.unknown
_1223199787.unknown
3:
1.
,
.
_1223199787.unknown
_1223200262.unknown
2.
,
1.
_1223200348.unknown
_1223200421.unknown
:
1.px
q
0
(A)q (B)p
(C)pq D)pq
2.
.
:________.
3.c>0,p:
R; q:
.
c__________.
_1190386034.unknown
_1205931022.unknown
_1223189493.unknown
_1223189583.unknown
_1223189758.unknown
_1223189554.unknown
_1223189102.unknown
_1205931020.unknown
_1205931021.unknown
_1205931019.unknown
_1172900282.unknown
_1190386018.unknown
_1172900281.unknown
B
(
)(
)
_1223189846.unknown
_1223189852.unknown
_1223189918.unknown
3