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MC LC

Chng 1TNG QUAN V TI

1.1 MC TIU V NI DUNG NGHIN CU

1.1.1 Mc tiu:

- nh gi hiu qu k thut gia h thng chiu sng thng thng v h thng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri v cc thng s: ri, chi, ng u v bn ca cc thit b.

- nh gi cc hiu qu kinh t t c: chi ph u t, thi gian thu hi vn, tit kim nng lng v gim thiu nhim mi trng.

1.1.2 Ni dung nghin cu

- Kho st, chn v tr lp t h thng n LED nng lng mt tri ti tuyn ng inh B Lnh, phng 9, thnh ph M Tho, tnh Tin Giang gm 25 tr n hon chnh;- Thit k bn v mt bng tng th cho h thng v thit k cc bn v k thut cho tng tr n. Vic thit k phi m bo quy chun, tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam hin hnh;- La chn mua cc thit b, vt t ph hp v tng thch vi h thng: n led, cquy tr in, tm panel thu nng lng mt tri (c gng s dng loi sn xut trong nc), cc linh kin khc;

- Thu gia cng, ch to tr;

- Lp rp, th nghim v hiu chnh cc thit b.

1.2 S CN THIT CA TI1.2.1 S cn thitNng lng lun ng mt vai tr c bit quan trng trong i sng ca con ngi v trong qu trnh sn xut vt cht lm giu cho x hi. S khan him v thiu ht nng lng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ln km hm s pht trin kinh t, x hi. Rng hn na, l nhn t khng th thiu v cc k cn thit khi t nc ta ang trong giai on cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc th nhu cu v nng lng rt ln thc y s pht trin kinh t, x hi. Tuy nhin, ngun nng lng ha thch ca Vit Nam khng phi l v tn v cn nhiu hn ch trong vic khai thc, ch bin cng nh pht trin cc ngun nng lng mi thay cho ngun nng lng truyn thng. Chng ta , ang v s tip tc phi b ra mt khon chi ph ln nhp khu nng lng. Bn cnh , s dng nng lng trong qu trnh sn xut ca nc ta cn rt cao so vi nhiu nc khc do cng ngh v thit b lc hu, qun l cha cht ch dn ti lng ph,

i vi chiu sng cng cng, cc h thng hin ang s dng cng ngh chiu sng thng thng tiu tn nhiu nng lng m hiu qu kinh t cn hn ch. tit kim nng lng thng s dng gii php tnh th l ct tit gim 50% s lng n, gy hu qu im sng ti (hiu ng bt thang) mt an ton trong lu thng v an ninh trt t. Do , ti nghin cu ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng l gii php thit thc v ti u trong tnh hnh ca nc ta hin nay. Vic ny cn c tuyn truyn rng ri v nhn rng ti c quan, t chc, ngi dn v doanh nghip.Vic ng k thc hin ti Nghin cu, ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng vi mc ch trin khai thc hin Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu ca B Cng Thng v Chng trnh s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu trn a bn tnh Tin Giang, giai on 2008-2015 ca y ban nhn dn tnh Tin Giang.

Vi ti ny s gip chnh quyn a phng nh gi so snh hiu qu kinh t k thut gia h thng chiu sng thng thng v h thng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri. Ngoi ra, kt qu ti l c s Trung tm Tit kim nng lng Tin Giang tham mu cho cc c quan chuyn mn xut v trnh tnh nhng chnh sch h tr, gii php nhm nhn rng vic ng dng cng ngh chiu sng bng nng lng mt tri ca chnh quyn a phng.1.2.2 Tnh hnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc

1.2.2.1 Trong nc:Hin nay, Vit Nam cng ngh n LED nng lng mt tri c a vo s dng trong ngnh qung co v chiu sng cu ng nhng cn hn ch nu xt v mt hiu qu kinh t v cng cha c ti nghin cu no v n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng m ch l cc m hnh trnh din nh: m hnh gm 12 tr n LED s dng NLMT lp t trn trc ng dn vo Trung tm huyn Phong in thnh ph Cn Th; m hnh 28 tr n LED s dng nng lng gi v NLMT chiu sng tuyn ng thuc thnh ph H Ch Minh; Long An v Nng, Tuy nhin, cc m hnh trnh din ny cha c bo co nh gi chnh thc v hiu qu m hnh hoc nu c cng nh gi khc nhau.

Ring m hnh qun o Trng Sa, o C T pht huy hiu qu rt tt trong vic phc v an ninh, quc phng, i sng ca cc chin s n tr v ngi dn.

Cc cng ty cung cp cng ngh n LED NLMT chiu sng cng cng a phn l nhp ton b dn n chi ph u t ln nh hng n hiu qu kinh t cng nh thi gian thu hi vn rt lu.

V vy, vi ti nghin cu ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng ti tuyn ng inh B Lnh thuc phng 9, thnh ph M Tho s gip cc c quan chc nng nh gi tnh kh thi v kinh t v hiu qu i vi cng ngh LED s dng nng lng mt tri.

1.2.2.2 Ngoi nc:

Cng ngh nng lng mt tri c nghin cu t lu v kh hon thin trn th gii, v vy n c p dng trong nhiu lnh vc trong c c vic cung cp nng lng cho cc hot ng trn cc v tinh nhn to. Mt c tnh chung ca cc h thng nng lng mt tri l hiu sut chuyn i (t quang nng ca mt tri chuyn thnh in nng) kh thp, nn p ng nhu cu cng sut, cn c din tch tm pin mt tri kh ln. V vy, mt vi nghin cu gn y Hoa K, Israel, Trung Quc, c th nghim m hnh tri pin mt tri ln khai thc cng nghip.

Tuy nhin, phn ln cc h thng nng lng mt tri ph bin vn l cc h thng nh, cng sut thp, c bit l cc h thng phc v chiu sng. Do cng sut nh cng vi tnh cht khng lin tc ca nh nng mt tri (my che, ban m,) nn vic tit kim nng lng rt c ch trng trong nghin cu ko di thi gian s dng dung lng tch tr (dung lng bnh c quy) hoc gim kch thc bnh c quy.

Hin nay, xu hng nghin cu trn th gii l nghin cu cng ngh s dng nng lng tit kim ti u nht s dng km vi h thng nng lng mt tri. i vi cc h thng nng lng mt tri phc v chiu sng th cc cng ngh thng l: cng ngh iu khin, cng ngh n chiu sng.

1.3 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

1.3.1 Phng php chung- Phng php thng k: thu thp cc thng tin t sch v, ti liu, internet

- Phng php thc hin v x l s liu: kho st, o c, phn tch nh gi, x l cc thng tin v s liu.

- Phng php chuyn gia: thu thp kin, thu mn cc n v chuyn mn, cc chuyn gia c kinh nghim v nng lc trong cc lnh vc lin quan.

1.3.2 Phng php c th- Tham kho kin, thu mn cc n v chuyn mn, cc chuyn gia c kinh nghim v nng lc trong cc lnh vc lin quan. T t ra tiu ch, tin hnh chn v kho st v tr lp t h thng n LED nng lng mt tri.- Yu cu chung ca h thng cn t c nhng phi theo cc tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam hin hnh.- Thit k bn v mt bng tng th cc v tr lp t cc tr n v cc bn v chi tit v kt cu tr n, mng tr cho h thng n. Vic thit k phi m bo theo cc tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam hin hnh.- Tnh ton a ra cc tiu ch, cc thng s k thut la chn mua cc thit b, vt t ph hp cho h thng gm: n led, cquy tr in, tm panel, b iu khin v cc linh kin khc.- Thu gia cng, ch to cc tr n LED s dng nng lng mt tri.- Lp rp, vn hnh th nghim v hiu chnh cc thit b.

- T chc nghim thu, xut gii php nhn rng.Chng 2 KT QU THC HIN2.1 H TR T VN T CC T CHC, C NHN CHUYN MNTrung tm Tit kim nng lng Tin Giang t chc trin khai thc hin ti Nghin cu, ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng c s h tr, t vn v thm nh gi ca cc c quan chuyn mn nh Trung tm Nghin cu v pht trin v tit kim nng lng thnh ph H Ch Minh, Vin vt l thnh ph H Ch Minh v vic la chn, tnh ton v thit k cc thit b v Cng ty C phn nh gi Chun Vit thnh ph H Ch Minh tin hnh thm nh gi h thng n LED s dng NLMT.Ngoi ra, Trung tm Tit kim nng lng Tin Giang t chc hp ly kin ng gp ca S Cng Thng, S Khoa hc v Cng ngh, y ban nhn dn TP. M Tho, Phng Kinh t, Phng Qun l th thnh ph M Tho, i vi cc ni dung chun b trin khai thc hin ti nh thng nht tiu ch chn v tr lp t, v bn thit k ca h thng chiu sng,.. vo ngy 30/7/2010 ti hi trng S Cng Thng.2.2 KHO ST, LA CHN TUYN NG2.2.1. Tiu ch la chn:

- Nhng tuyn ng l ca ng dn vo trung tm thnh ph M Tho.

- Gn khu dn c v trng hc.- C mt xe lu thng ng c.

- Cha c h thng chiu sng hin hu. - m bo an ninh, trnh hin tng mt cp.2.2.2 Tin hnh la chn:- Trung tm Tit kim nng lng S Cng Thng Tin Giang lm vic v thng nht vi y ban nhn dn thnh ph M Tho v vic h tr lp t 25 tr n LED s dng nng lng mt tri cho chiu sng cng cng trn a bn thnh ph. - Theo thuyt minh ti, v tr d kin trin khai lp t h thng gm 25 tr n LED s dng nng lng mt tri cho chiu sng ti tuyn ng tnh 870B. Tuy nhin, thc t khi trin khai ti khng thc hin c trn tuyn ng d kin vi cc l do nh sau: + Vn hnh lang bo v an ton ng dy dn in trn khng hai bn l ng.+ UBND TP. M Tho c k hoch u t lp t h thng chiu sng n hai cp cng sut tit kim in.+ UBND TP. M Tho ngh Trung tm chn tuyn ng khc v c Cng vn s 360/UBND-VP ngy 10/8/2010 v vic thng nht chn tuyn ng inh B Lnh (on t ng Thi Sanh Hnh n Quc l 50) lp t h thng.Xem ph lc 01. 2.2.3 Kho st hin trng on ng:

Trung tm tin hnh kho st, o c hin trng on ng inh B Lnh thuc phng 9, thnh ph M Tho; on t ng Thi Sanh Hnh n Quc l 50 nh sau:

- Tng chiu di tuyn ng thit k chiu sng: 670m, b rng mt ng 11m, l ng rng 4,5m mi bn; c lu lng xe trung bnh thc t cc thi im khc nhau trong thng giao ng t 200 n di 500 xe/gi v tc thit k < 60 km/gi. Mt ng ph b tng nha c mu trung bnh.

- H thng thot nc nm hai bn va h, tim ng cch tim ng 6m, su chn 0,8m.

- H thng nc cp nm trn va h phi (hng xung quc l 50), tim ng cch tim ng 6,5m; su chn 0,8m.

- H thng cp quang Bu in nm trn va h phi (hng xung quc l 50), tim ng cch tim ng 6,5m, su chn 1m.

- Vn hnh lang bo v an ton ng dy dn in trn khng nm l bn phi ng (hng xung quc l 50), cch tim ng 8 - 10m.

2.3 THIT K

2.3.1 Cn c thit k:

- TCVN 4054:2005: Tiu chun thit k ng t.

- QCVN 07/2010-BXD: Quy chun Quc gia cc cng trnh h tng v k thut th. - TCXDVN 104-2007: Tiu chun thit k ng th.

- TCXD 45-1978: Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh.

- TCVN 2737-1995: Ti trng v tc ng.

- TCXD 229:1999: Ch dn tnh ton thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi.

- TCVN 338:2005: Kt cu thp.- TCXD 205:1998: Mng cc.- TCVN 5574:1991: Kt cu b tng ct thp.- Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2004 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht lng cng trnh.

- Ngh nh 106/2005/N-CP ngy 17 thng 8 nm 2005 ca Chnh ph Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut in lc v bo v an ton cng trnh li in cao p.

- Ngh nh 81/2009/N-CP ngy 20 thng 10 nm 2009 ca Chnh ph v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 106/2005/N-CP.- Thng t 03/2010/TT-BCT ngy 22 thng 01 nm 2010 ca B Cng Thng Quy nh mt s ni dung v bo v an ton cng trnh li in cao p.- Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 259:2001 tiu chun thit k chiu sng nhn to ng ph, qung trng th do B Xy dng ban hnh.

- Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 333:2005 chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi cc cng trnh cng cng v k thut h tng th. - Tiu chun chiu sng CIE tham kho.

- Phn mm tnh ton, thng s k thut n chiu sng ca hng DIALux tham kho.

2.3.2 Yu cu chung h thng n LED s dng NLMT

Cn c cc tiu chun, quy chun xy dng Vit Nam hin hnh v kt qu kho st hin trng ng inh B Lnh:

- L ng ni vi ng trc th v ng trc khu vc (ng gom) dn vo trung tm thnh ph M Tho c cp chiu sng l cp B, h thng chiu sng phi m bo cc yu cu sau:+ chi trung bnh: Lav0,6 cd/m2 + ri trung bnh: Eav 12 lux. + H s ng u chi chung: Uo 0,4

- Chiu cao lp t n so vi mt ng l 7 m; khong nh ra l 0,7 m (khong cch t ct ti l ng 1,3 m), tng ng vn cn n 2m vi gc ngng cn n t 7-150 .

y l cc thng s c ly lm c s yu cu thit k h thng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri chiu sng ng inh B Lnh.

Ngoi nhng yu cu v c tnh k thut, cht lng chiu sng, h thng chiu sng cn phi t hiu qu v kinh t v to v m quan th.

2.3.3 Tnh chn cng sut n v b tr tr n

2.3.3.1 Tnh chn thng s k thut n LED - in p:24V

- Cng sut n: 60W- Hiu sut pht quang:100 lm/W- Quang thng:6000 lm- Nhit mu:6500K

- Gc LED pht quang:110

- Ch s hon mu:CRI70

- Hiu sut b iu kin LED:85%

- Tui th:>50.000 gi

2.3.3.2 Tnh chn cch b tr n

- B tr hai bn so le

- B n 60W - 6000 lm

S dng phn mm chuyn dng cho tnh ton chiu sng cng cng (DIALux) tnh ton v m phng cc phng n b tr tr chiu sng. Xem ph lc 02 Kt qu m phng cc phng n b tr n. T kt qu tnh ton v m phng, ta c bng tng hp sau: Bng 1: Kt qu m phng cc phng n b tr tr

Khong cch tr (m)Cao (m)Vn (m)Gc ngng n () chi TB Lav (cd/m2) ng u chung U0 ri Eav (lux)

2672100,910,7918

2872100,850,6215

3072100,790,513

3272100,740,49

3472100,60,4510

=> Vi kt qu tnh ton v m phng h thng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri cho chiu sng ng inh B Lnh c b tr hai bn so le, khong cch gia hai tr l 30m; chiu cao lp t n so vi mt ng l 7 m; khong nh ra l 0,7 m (khong cch t ct ti l ng 1,3 m), tng ng vn cn n 2m vi gc ngng cn n t 100 p ng yu cu ra.

Hnh 1: Mt bng b tr tr n led nng lng mt tri

Hnh 2: M phng 3D mt bng b tr tr n led nng lng mt tri

2.3.3.3 Kt lun tnh chn cc thng s c bn ca nTheo kt qu tnh ton, m phng bng phn mm DIALux th b n c cng sut 60W-6000 Lm p ng yu cu chung ca tuyn ng v theo tiu chun TCXDVN 259:2001. Tuy nhin trn thc t m bo vic chiu sng t yu cu v n nh trong thi gian di hot ng ca n, ta cn chn nng cng sut n LED t 60W ln thnh n LED 80W, v nhng l do nh sau:

- Do khong cch b tr tr thc t s thay i theo hng xa hn so vi tnh ton thit k.

- Do iu kin bi bn bm lm gim hiu sut pht sng.

- Do quang thng ca n gim dn sau thi gian di s dng.

Tm li: Vi nhng l do trn th b n LED 80W c cc thng s k thut nh sau: Bng 2: Cc ch tiu k thut b n LED nng lng mt tri

SttCh tiu k thutYu cuS lngGhi ch

1in p24V

2Cng sut 80W/b n01 b/trC tnh thm m cao

3Hiu sut pht quang107 lm/W

4Quang thng8560 lm

5Cp bo vIP65 - 66

6Hiu sut b iu khin LED 0,85

7Gc LED pht quang110 - 1400

8Nhit mu2700 7000K

9Ch s hon muCRI 70

10Nhit lm vic 800

12Thi gian hot ng> 50.000 gi

13Thi gian bo hnh 2 nm

14Chng nhn tiu chunCE, IEC

Xem ph lc 03 - Kt qu m phng n LED - 80W b tr so le vi khong cch 30m.

2.3.3.4 Tnh ton kim tra i chng:

- H s s dng ca b n: U = Utrc + Usau Ta c: Utrc = l2/h = 10,3/7 = 1,471 Usau = l1/h = 0,7/7 = 0,1+ l1 = 0,7 m (khong cch t hnh chiu n n h ng cng pha vi n).+ l2 = 10,3 m (khong cch t hnh chiu n n h ng bn i din). + h = 7 m (chiu cao treo n)=> H s s dng: U = 1,571- H s gi ha ca n:

V = V1 x V2Ta c: V1 = 50% (s suy gim quang thng ca n c tnh theo thi gian lm vic 10 nm, mi nm gim 5%)V2 = 0,85 (s bm bn ca n lm suy gim quang thng c bo v)=> H s gi ha: V = 0,425

- Quang thng b n ban u m bo chi trung bnh sau thi gian s dng vi khong cch b tr ct l 30m v 35m:b n = = = 5.934 Lmb n = = = 6.919 Lm

- ri trung bnh: Etb = = = 11,99 12 luxEtb = = = 12,02 12 lux

=> Kt lun: Chn b n LED 80W/24VDC c quang thng 8560 Lm s p ng yu cu chiu sng v n nh sau 10 nm n hot ng p ng theo yu cu i vi tuyn ng inh B Lnh v ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun chiu sng Vit Nam 259:2001 2.3.4 Tnh ton tr lng Acquy

2.3.4.1 Lng in tiu th cho vic thp sng ca n trong 1 ngy vi 3 ch sngLng in tiu th ca bng n c cng sut 80W theo 3 ch sng, 4 gi u tin sng 100% cng sut, 4 gi tip theo sng 70% cng sut v 4 gi cui sng 30% cng sut nn lng in tiu th/ngy l:Q3 = (1+0.7+0.3)*4*80 = 640 (W) 640 (V.A)2.3.4.2 Lng in tiu th cho vic thp sng ca n trong 12 gi/ngy (ch sng 100% cng sut)

Lng in tiu th ca bng n c cng sut 80W c xc nh nh sau: Q12h = 12*80 = 960 (W) 960 (V.A)

2.3.4.3 Tnh chn tr lng cquyDo iu kin thc t l c nhng thi im tri ma nhiu ngy v nng yu s nh hng ln n vic sn sinh to ra in nng. V vy m bo cho vic thp sng l lin tc ta phi chn tr lng cquy sao cho n c th cung cp ngun cho n thp sng lin tc trong iu kin khng c nng t 2 ngy tr ln. Tuy nhin, chng ti chn ch 2 ngy nu chn ln hn s nh hng n chi ph u t mua thit b ca ti.- in nng cquy cho php n tiu th:QTT = Q12h *2 = 960*2 = 1.920 (V.A)

Lng in ny c xc nh theo ch tiu hao in nng nhiu nht (ch sng theo ngy v m)

- Tnh ton cng sut cquy:Qcquy = QTT /85% = 1.920/85% = 2.259 (V.A)Nhm m bo tui th c lu bn ca cquy nn lng in s dng cho php khng vt qu 85% tr lng in danh nh ghi trn nhn c quy.

- Tnh chn chng loi cquy:Hin nay trn th trng, cc chng loi bnh c s dng trong lu tr in cng nghip thng c sn xut cp in p 12V v c cc dung lng Ampe theo cp bc. V vy ta s xc nh dung lng Ampe theo 12V nh sau:

QT = Qcquy /12V = 2.259/12 = 188,3 (Ah) s dng c ngun 24V th ta chn 02 bnh c dung lng bng QT

Qs = 188,3/2 = 94,15 (Ah)=> Kt lun: Chn cquy chuyn dng cho nng lng mt tri loi 12V - 100Ah, s lng 02 ci c cc thng s k thut nh sau:Bng 3: Cc ch tiu k thut cquy chuyn dngSttCh tiu k thutYu cuS lng

1in p nh mc12V DC

2Dung lng 100Ah/ci02 ci/tr

3Thi gian phng in > 24h

4Dng np max< 30A

5Thi gian np y acquy

khi phng ht in 7 gi

6Gi tr in p np th ni13,6 V 14,4VDC nhit 250C

7Dng phng in maxAcquy mi sn xut phng P = 274,3/1,3 = 211 Wp=> Kt lun: Chn tm pin nng lng mt tri loi cng sut t 120Wp tr ln, s lng 02 tm c cc thng s k thut nh sau:

Bng 4: Cc ch tiu k thut tm pin nng lng mt tri

SttCh tiu k thutYu cuS lng

1Cng sut 120Wp/tm 02 tm/tr

2Dung sai 3%

3in p np ti a17,3 17,5V

4Dng np ti a7,3 3% A

5in p h mch21,5 22,8V

6Dng ngn mch7,85A 1%

7Hiu sut t bo quang in15 18%

8 st gim hiu sut5% trong 5 nm, 10% trong 12 nm, 15% trong 18 nm, 20% trong 20 nm.

9Cp bo vIP 65



2.3.6 Yu cu k thut b iu khin:

Bng 5: Cc ch tiu k thut b iu khin

SttCh tiu k thutYu cu

1V hpHp kim chng r, c IP 65

2in p ra ti 24V

3Gi tr in p np y cquy28,8 V DC

4Dng in vo max30A

5in p ngt kt ni vi thit b tiu th in22 V DC

6Mc in p phn bit ngy m hoc s dng cm bin nh sng. - Ban ngy: 10V DC

- Ban m: 2,5 VDC- S dng cm bin nh sng

7Ph hp loi c quy d tr thch hp 100200Ah

8B iu khin hot ng cc ch khc nhau> 4 ch


10Nhit mi trng lm vic-10+80


2.3.7 Tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca tr n2.3.7.1 Yu cu thit k tr:* i vi thn tr n:

- Tr cn m km nhng nng c thn tr bt gic di 5,420m (bao gm khong ni ngang thn tr vi cn n), c b dy thp bn t 4 - 5mm, tng chiu cao tr k c cn n l 7m.

- Gc tr c dng hnh hp sao m bo lp 02 cquy v b iu khin bn trong, c b dy ca bn thp l 5mm. Ngoi ra, b dy ca chn tr l 12mm.

* i vi cn n:

Thn cn hnh bt gic di 2m c b dy thp bn 4 5mm v vn xa 2m, c b dy thp 3mm c m km nhng nng, c gc nghing cn so vi mt ng t 7 150 c lp trn tr bt gic.

* Mng tr:

- Mng tr chiu sng s dng mng b tng chng lt c ti ch cng nh sau:

+ B tng mng M200 1x2 tnh t va h n lp b tng lt l 1100mm v cao hn va h 150mm

+ B tng lt M100 c dy l 100mm.

- Khung st mng tr gm: st phi 24 x 1450mm x 4 cy c m km v st lm ai: st phi 6 x 640mm x 24 cy.

- Boulon v tn m chp M24 c m km

Hnh 3: Bn v chi tit tr n LED s dng nng lng mt tri2.3.7.2 Tnh ton kim tra bn tr n LED nng lng mt tri

Tr ch to bng thp xy dng k hiu CT3, c cc thng s sau:

(b = (380 ( 490 ) N/mm2

(ch = 250 N/mm2(-1 = 220 N/mm2 E =2.1x105 N/mm2

(o = 100

a. Cc thng s chung ca tr:

- Chiu cao tr n

hct

= 700 cm

- Chiu cao thn tr

hthn ct = 560 cm

- Chiu cao cn n

hcn n = 140 cm

- Hnh chiu cn n

bcn n = 200 cm

- Bn knh cong ca cn n

Rcn n = 100 cm

- Gc nghing ca cn n

cn n = 10

- Trng lng ca bng n

Pn

= 15 kg

- Trng lng ca ng lt + thit b khcPkhc

= 100 kg

- Din tch chn gi ca b n

S

= 0,5 m2- ng knh ngoi ca thn tr:

+ Ti gc:

D1

= 220 mm

+ Ti ngn:

D2

= 112 mm

+ B dy thn tr:

1

= 4 mm

- Cn n:

+ Ti gc:

D3

= 112 mm

+ Ti ngn:

D4

= 81 mm

+ B di thn cn:

2

= 4 mm

- Thng s v bn ct v bu lng neo:

+ Chiu rng bch :

b

= 720 mm+ Chiu di bch :

d

= 12 mm

+ Khong cch gia hai bu lng neo: e

= 635 mm

+ ng knh bu lng neo:

dbl

= 24 mm

+ S lng bu lng neo:

n

= 4 cib. Din tch tit din mt ct:

Hnh 4: Mt ct ngang ca tr n led nng lng mt tri

Trong : Rn; Rng; Rtb l bn knh ng trn ni tip, ngoi tip v trung bnh ca mt ct tr

an; atb: chiu di 1 cnh v trung bnh ca 1 cnh a gic

Chiu di tng ng ca tit din tr l:

an = Dn x K (1)

Vi K l h s chia u cnh, a gic u 8 cnh nn K= 0,1725

Th kch thc ng knh y tr v nh tr vo (1), ta c:

a1 = 220 x 0,1725 = 37,95 mm

a2 = 81 x 0,1725 = 13,98 mm

Chiu di trung bnh ca 1 cnh tit din, vi ( chiu dy tr

atb1 = Dtb1 x K = (220 4) x 0, 1725 = 37,26 mmatb2 = Dtb2 x K = (81 4) x 0, 1725 = 13,28 mm

Nh vy, din tch tit din ti chn tr v nh tr:F1 = atb1 x ( x 8 = 37,26 x 4 x 8 = 1214,4 mm2F2 = atb2 x ( x 8 = 13,28 x 4 x 8 = 447,12 mm2c. M men qun tnh

M men qun tnh mt ct ngang tr ti 1 v tr tnh ton c xc nh theo cng thc:

(2)

Hnh 5: S m men quan tnhTheo s m men qun tnh ta c cng thc:

(3)

Th m men ti chn tr l:

(1 = 750 ( y1 = a1 x sin750 = 37,95 x 0,965 = 36,7 mm

(2 = 450 ( y2 = y1 + a1 x sins450 = 36,7 + 37,95 x 0,707 = 63,5 mm(3 = 150 ( y3 = y2 + a1 x sin150 = 63,5 + 37,95 x 0,25882 = 73,4 mmThay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc (3) tnh ton c:

IMax1 = Ix1 = Iy1 = 10.353.433 mm4 Tnh ton tng t, ta c m men ti nh tr:(1 = 750 ( y1 = a2 x sin750 = 13,98 x 0,965 = 13,49 mm

(2 = 450 ( y2 = y1 + a2 x sins450 = 13,49 + 13,98 x 0,707 = 23,4 mm(3 = 150 ( y3 = y2 + a2 x sin150 = 23,4 + 13,98 x 0,25882 = 27 mmThay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc (3) tnh ton c:

IMax2 = Ix2 = Iy2 = 515817 mm4

d. Tnh ton ti trng tc dng ln tr: Lc gi tc dng ln tr bao gm: ti trng gi (gy nn lc un v lc ct) v lc nn ng tm do trng lng bn thn tr

* Ti trng gi

Ti trng gi tnh ton tc dng ln mi m2 b mt thng ng ca thn tr l: W = W0 x K x C x (4)Trong : W0 l gi tr p lc gi cao 10m so vi mt t ly theo bn phn vng gi Vit NamTheo tiu chun TCVN 2737:1995 v bn phn vng gi (trong ti liu ti trng v tc ng - tiu chun thit k), tnh Tin Giang thuc vng gi II.A, th: W0 = 95 daN/m2 = 950 N/m2, tng ng vn tc gi l v = 39 m/s.

Tuy nhin m bo an ton hn i vi cng trnh, chng ti quyt nh chn W0 = 125 daN/m2 = 1250 N/m2, tng ng vn tc gi l v = 45 m/s. - H s tnh n s thay i cao v a hnh: K = 1,16

- H s kh ng: C = 1

- H s vt ti: = 1,2Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc (1) ta c: W = 174 kg/m2 * Lc gi tc dng ln tr n gm lc tc dng ln ct v cn n: - Din tch chn gi trn thn tr:

S1 = (D1 + D2) x h1/2 + (D3 + D4) x h2/2 = 1,1 m2- Din tch chn gi ca cn n v n (tnh t phn bn knh cng):

S2 = 0,75 m2- ng knh ti 1 v tr xt cao y ca thn tr l:

Di = D1 - 2ytg (5)

Ta c tg = (D1 D2)/2h => 2tg = (D1 D2)/h => Di = D1 - (D1 D2) y/h = [2R1 (R1 R2)x 2y/h] - Lc gi ch tc dng ln na mt thn tr: dQ1 = (W x Di x dy)

(6)

Thay cc thng s vo (6), ta c: Q = 29,6 kg/m = 0,296 kg/cm- Lc gi tc dng ln cn n phn thanh ngang: Q2 = W x S2 = 49,9 kg/m = 0,499 kg/cm=> Lc gi tc dng ln ton tr n l 0,713 kg/cm* Trng lng bn thn tr n led nng lng mt tri:

Hnh 6: Hnh tr n led nng lng mt tri v dng kt cu

Trng lng bn thn ca tr v cn n:

- Thay cc thng s c tnh ton phn trn vo (7) th trng lng v p lc gi tc dng ln on BC l PBC = 0,19 kg/cm v QBC = 0,499 kg/cm- Tng t trng lng v p lc gi tc dng ln on AB l PAB = 0,273 kg/cm v QAB = 0,29 kg/cm=> Trng lng ton ct v trang thit b trn ct l: P = PAB + PBC = 0,273 x 700 + 0,19 x 200 = 38 + 191 = 230 kg* M men un do gi tc ng ln mt ct cn xt

hocMA = (Pn x b2 + PBC x b2 + QBC x b2 + QAB x h2) x 0,5 = (15 x 200 + 0,19 x 2002 + 0,499 x 2002 + 0,29 x 7002) x 0,5 = 86330 kgcmMB = (Pn x b2 + PBC x b2 + QBC x b2 ) x 0,5 = (15 x 200 + 0,19 x 2002 + 0,499 x 2002 ) x 0,5 = 15280 kgcm

e. Tnh ton kim nghim bn ca tr:

Trng thi chu lc ca tr l rt phc tp gm: + Lc un v ct do gi gy ra: Q = 0,713 kg/cm v Mg = 86330 kgcm + Lc nn ng tm NZ do trng lng thn tr v thit b: NZ = 230 kg* Kim tra bn ti chn tr (A):Ta c cng thc (8):

V p lc gi gy tc dng ln tr theo 1 phng nht nh no , nn ta xt theo phng X ta c:

NZ = 230 kg

MX = 86330 kgcm

F = 1214,4 mm2 = 12,144 cm2

J = 103500,3 cm4Th cc thng s vo (8), ta c:

=> A = 230/ 12,144 + 86330/103500,3 x 700= 603 kg/cm2 = 60,3 N/mm2* Tng t, kim tra bn nh tr (B):

NZ = 38 kg

MX = 15280 kgcm

F = 447,12 mm2 = 4,47 cm2

J = 51581,7 cm4Tng t, th cc thng s vo (8), ta c:

=> B = 38/4,47 + 15280/51581,7 x 700 =216 kg/cm2 = 21,6 N/mm2 Vt liu lm tr n led nng lng mt tri c:

(k = (380 ( 490) N/mm2 => [(k ] = (k / n = (190 ( 245) N/mm2

(n = 250 N/mm2 => [(n ] = (k / n = 125 N/mm2

Vi n = 2 l h s an tonSo vi cc ng sut cc i v cc tiu do ti trng gy ra ti chn tr v nh tr ta thy: A = 60,3 N/mm2 < [(k ] = (190 ( 245) N/mm2 B = 21,6 N/mm2 < [(n ] = 125 N/mm2=> Kt lun: kt cu tr n led nng lng mt tri c chiu cao 7m nh thit k, m bo bn vi sc gi 125 daN/m22.3.7.3 Tnh boulong mng tr n: Khong cch b tr bulong: L = 63,5 cmng knh mi bulong: d = 2,4 cmS lng bulong: n = 4

=> Tit din mi bulong: S = 4,52 cm2 Lc tc dng ln tr gm c: - Trng lng bn thn tr: P = 230 kg

- Lc ct (do gi gy ra): Q = 0,713 kg/cm- Lc un (do gi gy ra): M = 86330 kgcm- ng lc cc i bulong:PMax = P/n (3,93 x MMax /P x L 1) = 230/4 (3,93 x 86330/230 x 63,5 1) = 1278 kg = 12780 N- ng sut ko: Kmax = PMax / S = 230 / 4,52 = 50,9 kg/cm2- ng sut ct bulong: = 0,713 / 4 x 0,8 = 0,22 kg/cmH s k n s phn phi lc ct khng u cho mi bulong l 0,8

- ng sut ct bulong: = 0,22 /4,52 = 0,049 kg/cm3 iu kin bn: (9)Vi m = 0,55; Rbk = 1500 kg/cm2 khng lc tnh ton bulong vi thp CT3 (theo bng 60 ph lc 2 TCVN 5575:1991)

m x Rbk = 0,55 x 1500 = 825 kg/cm2 (a)

Th vo (9) ta c: 59,9 kg/cm2 (b)=> Kt lun: (b) < (a) nn Bulong chn m bo v bn v an ton cho tr n2.3.7.4 Tnh mng tr: * D liu thit k:- Chiu cao ct: L = 7m

- ng knh nh tr n: Db = 0,081 m

- ng knh y tr n: D = 0,22 m

- ng knh trung bnh: Dtb =0,15 m

- Din tch chn gi ca b n: S = 0,5 m

- Trng lng ca b n: P = 15 kg

- Trng lng ca tr n: Ptr = 215 kg

- Vn tc gi thit k: V0 = 45 m/s

Hnh 7: Mng tr n led s dng nng lng mt tri

- p lc gi tc ng ln tr: W = 174 kg/m2 = 174 daN/m2 = 0,174 T/m2- Lc dc tiu chun l ti trng ca cng trnh tc dng ln mng: 0,230T

- M men: M = 1,7086 (T/m) v H = 0,43517 T- Chiu di ca cp mng pha trn: a1 = 1,02 m

- Chiu rng ca cp mng pha trn: b1 = 1,02 m

- Chiu di ca b tng mng: hm1 = 1,37m

- Chiu di ca cp mng pha di: a2 = 1,2 m

- Chiu rng ca cp mng pha di: b2 = 1,2 m

- Chiu di ca b tng mng lt: hm1 = 0,1m

- Chiu cao ca mng: Hm = hm1 + hm2 = 1,47 m- Trng lng ring ca b tng: gbt = 2,5 (T/m3)

- Trng lng ring ca t: g = 1,8 (T/m3)

- Trng lng ring ca mng:

Gmng = (a1 x b1 x hm1 + a2 x b2 x hm2 ) = 3,92 (Tn)

- Trng lng ca lp t trn mng: Gt = 2,27 (Tn)

* Duyt ng sut ca mt ct y mng theo gii hn:

- Din tch y: Fm = a2 x b2 = 1,44 m2

- M un chng un ca mng khi quy c ti y mng: W = a2 x (b2)2 /6 = 0,288 m3

n1 = 1,1

Tng lc dc tnh ton ti y mng:

Ntt = n1 x (Ntc + Gmng + Gt) = 6,99 (Tn)Tng m men tnh ton ti mt ct y mng:

Mtt = n1 x M = 1,1 x 1,7086 = 1,88 T/m

Tnh ton ng sut ln nht ti y mng:

(ttmax = Ntt / F + Mtt /W = 11,38 (T/m2)

Tnh ton ng sut nh nht ti y mng:

(ttmin = Ntt / F - Mtt /W = - 1,67 (T/m2)

* Tnh ton cng ca nn t t mng: Chn su chn mng l 1,47m (k c lp b tng lt), tra bng TCXD 45- 78 c cng quy c ca ct lm m R0 = 4 kg/cm2 = 400 Kpa = 40 T/m2Vi mng c su R = 40 [1+0,125x(1,2-1,02)/1,02] + 0,25 x 1,8 (1,47-1,37) = 40,76 T/m2Kt lun: Nn t lun n nh t nn mng tr. * Tnh ton n nh chng lt ca mng:

Di tc dng ca ti trng ngoi c lc ngang ln t trn cao mng c th gy lt . Chnh v vy, ta cn phi kim tra n nh chng lt ca mng.

H s n2 tnh ton vi n nh chng lt: n2 = 0,9

Lc dc tiu chun ca cng trnh tc ng ln mng:

Ntc = 0,23 Tn

Tng lc dc tiu chun ti y mng:

N = Ntc + Gmng + Gt = 0,23 + 3,92 + 2,27 = 6,42 TnM men chng lt ti mt ct y mng:

Mcl = n2 x N x L = 0,9 x 6,42 x 0,635 = 3,67 TmM men gy lt ti mt ct y mng:

Mgl = Mtt = 1,88 TmH s t l: k1 = Mcl / Mgl = 3,67/ 1,88 = 1,95

H s ca s m bo chng lt: kt = 1,5

=> Mng c m bo v n nh chng lt do k1 > kt 2.4 THI CNG LP T2.4.1 T chc u thu T chc u thu gi thu Xy lp ti nghin cu ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng, c thc hin theo ng trnh t nh sau:- Quyt nh s 1295/Q-UBND ngy 17/5/2011 ca y ban nhn dn tnh Tin Giang v vic ph duyt k hoch u thu gi thu xy lp ti nghin cu ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng. Xem ph lc 4- Cng vn s 57/TT.TKNL ngy 18/5/2011 ca Trung tm Tit kim nng lng v vic ngh Trung tm Thng tin T vn Dch v ti chnh t vn, t chc u thu. Xem ph lc 5- Xy dng v ph duyt h s thu; ng bo mi thu trn ton quc v bn h s thu. - Quyt nh s 63/Q-TKNL ngy 9/6/2011 ca Trung tm Tit kim nng lng v vic thnh lp t chuyn gia u thu gi thu v tin hnh nh gi h s d thu. Xem ph lc 6 - Bo co kt qu u thu:

+ T trnh s 50/TTr-TT ngy 07/7/2011 ca Trung tm Thng tin T vn Dch v ti chnh v vic bo co Ch u t xem xt trnh S Ti chnh thm nh v kt qu u thu. Xem ph lc 7.

+ Cng vn s 1274/STC-VGCS ngy 19/7/2011 ca S Ti chnh v vic ph duyt kt qu chn la nh thu. Xem ph lc 8.+ Quyt nh s 1931/Q-UBND ngy 26/7/2011 ca y ban nhn dn tnh Tin Giang v vic ph duyt kt qu la chn nh thu thc hin gi thu. Xem ph lc 9.

+ Thng bo s 20/TB-TrT ngy 01/8/2011 ca Trung tm Thng tin T vn Dch v ti chnh v vic thng bo kt qu u thu. Xem ph lc 10.+ K hp ng kinh t s 01/TVE-TTTKNL.TG/2011 gia Trung tm Tit kim nng lng v Cng ty TNHH Thung mi Dch v in t Ton Vit v vic trin khai thc hin cc ni dung ca gi thu.

- Tin hnh giao nhn mt bng thi cng. Xem ph lc 11

2.4.2 Trin khai lp t2.4.2.1 M t cng tc thi cng mng tr:- Trc tin phi xc nh v tr tm mng v kch thc mng theo ng kch thc trong bn v thit k c duyt bng cch dng sn nh du. Tuy nhin, c mt s v tr mng tr s khng ng nh v tr trong bn v thit k c duyt do phi trnh nh ngi dn, ng hm, - Sau khi xc nh kch thc v v tr mng tr, s tin hnh cng on o mng. Mi mng o xong s c t vn gim st kim tra v nghim thu kch thc mng theo thit k. Cng vic ny c thc hin dt im trong ngy, tc sau khi nghim thu khong 8 mng s cho php n v thi cng tin hnh btng v thc hin cho n khi kt thc 25 mng tr. Xem phn bin bn nghim thu s 01 - Ph lc H s k thut

- B tng c theo ng thit k nh sau: b tng lt M100 v b tng mng tr M200. ng thi s tin hnh ly mu kim tra cht lng cht lng b tng sau 28 ngy. Xem phn bin bn nghim thu s 01 v bin bn chng kin nn mu - Ph lc H s k thut

Mt s hnh nh v cng tc o mng tr v b tng:

Hnh 8: Mt s hnh nh v cng tc o mng tr v b tng

2.4.2.2 M t cng tc thi cng lp t

m bo cht lng cng trnh v tun th theo ng quy nh v cc cng trnh xy dng th sau 28 ngy k t ngy b tng v c kt qu kim tra cht lng b tng. Ch u t, t vn gim st tin hnh nghim thu cng on thi cng mng tr v cho php n v t vn tin hnh trin khai thc hin cng tc lp t tr n. Trc khi thc hin cng vic lp t thit b, vt t th n v thi cng phi chng minh vi ch u t, t vn gim st ca ch u t l cc thit b vt t m bo cht lng v p ng cc yu cu k thut ca ch u t a ra, cng nh trong h s tham gia d thu s c chp nhn nghim thu a vo lp t cho h thng nh sau:

- Tr n phi m bo theo bn v thit k c duyt. Xem cc phiu kt qu th nghim ca Trung tm k thut tiu chun o lng cht lng 3 v Bin bn nghim thu s 02 Ph lc H s k thut- Tm panel, n, b iu khin v acquy phi m bo cht lng, p ng yu cu k thut ra ca ch u t v trong h s d thu. Phi c giy chng nhn CO, CQ, catalog v Bin bn nghim thu s 02 Ph lc H s k thut- Tin hnh cng tc lp t tr n nng lng mt tri c thc hin theo trnh t nh sau:

Hnh nh lp panel vo khung gi

Hnh nh v vic u ni n v panel

Hnh nh dng thc cn nghing panel

Hnh nh bt bulong c nh khung gi panel

Hnh nh s dng silicon trt knh cc ch h

Hnh nh dng tr

Hnh nh lp t hon chnh 25 tr n

Hnh 9: Mt s hnh nh thi cng lp t

2.4.2.3 u ni v nguyn l hot ng* S u ni:

- Hai tm panel c u ni tip vi nhau nh sau: cc m ca tm 1 c ni vi cc dng tm 2 v 2 cc cn li ca 2 tm panel s c u vo 2 cc tng ng ca b iu khin.- Tng t panel, th hai c quy c u ni tip vi nhau ging nh cch u hai tm panel v 2 cc cn li ca 2 c quy s c u vo 2 cc tng ng ca b iu khin.- ng thi, hai cc ca b n LED cng s c u ni vo 2 cc tng ng ca b iu khin.

Hnh 10: u ni c quy v b iu khin

* Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng

Khi c nh nng mt tri th cc t bo quang in ca tm panel hp th v chuyn thnh in nng np lin tc cho n khi y dung lng ca h thng c quy thng qua b iu khin. n khi tri ti, b phn cm bin nh sng t ng s pht tn hiu v b iu khin, b iu khin ng in v cp ngun in t ngun d tr ca h thng c quy cho n hot ng trong sut khong thi gian tri ti v t ng ngt in khi tri sng cng theo nguyn l cm bin nh trn

2.4.2.4 Kim tra cht lng chiu sng h thng n

Sau khi lp t v u ni hon chnh 25 tr n LED s dng nng lng mt tri, ch u t yu cu n v thi cng tin hnh vn hnh th nghim v hiu chnh trong 01 tun ch u t, cng nh n v gim st theo di tnh hnh hot ng ca h thng xem c p ng yu cu ra. Khi h thng vn hnh n nh, ch u t cng n v gim st ca ch u t v n v thi cng tin hnh kim tra nh gi cht lng chiu sng ca h thng n. p dng tiu chun TCXDVN 259: 2001 kim tra kt qu nghim thu v nh gi cht lng ca h thng chiu sng, cn thc hin theo trnh t nh sau:- Trc tin xc nh li o ri v chi: + Li o ri: Khong cch gia hai ct n c chia thnh 3 phn bng nhau, t xc nh 3 trc ngang ca li o. Giao im gia cc trc ngang v dc l im o ri. ri trung bnh (Etb) l gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc ri im.

+ Li o chi: Cc im o v tnh ton ca chi cng nm trn cc trc nh ca ri, nhng khong cch gia chng nh hn. Khong cch gia cc im trn trc dc c th thay i ty theo tng trng hp, nhng c th ly gn bng 5m gi tr ng u dc tuyn t chnh xc cn thit theo tiu chun quc t. Trn s li o chi, vic xc nh v tr ngi quan st l rt quan trng c th nh gi cc yu t ng u ca chi.

- o ri: S dng Lux k (Luxmeter) o kim ri v ch cc vn trong qu trnh o kim l on ng c chn o phi thng, nm ngang, vic o c tin hnh sau khi n hot ng t 20 pht tr ln khi quang thng pht ra n nh v khng t bo o b che bng bi ngi o. Trong qu trnh o, vic m bo an ton cho con ngi, phng tin giao thng lun c c bit coi trng. Hnh di y th hin qu trnh o ri ca mt on in hnh:

Hnh 11: V tr o ri h thng n LED nng lng mt tri

Tng t, tin hnh o ri cho cc on cn li cho n khi ht h thng chiu sng. T kt qu o c th ri trung bnh Etb = 15 lux - o chi: c thc hin bng my o chi (Candelameter). Tuy nhin y l php o tng i phc tp v i hi chnh xc cao. Thit b o phi c nhy quang ph, gii o thch hp. Nn chng ti s dng phng php gn ng thng qua php o ri theo cng thc:

Ltb = Etb / R = 15/20 = 0,75 cd/m2=> Vi kt qu thc t o c v tnh ton th cht lng chiu sng ca h thng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri m bo yu cu ra v tha theo TCXDVN 259:2001 i vi tuyn ng inh B Lnh l:

+ chi trung bnh: Lav0,6 cd/m2 + T s R = Etb/Ltb = 20 => ri trung bnh Eav 12 lux. + H s ng u chi chung: Uo 0,4 Xem bin bn nghim thu s 06 H s k thut

Hnh 12: H thng vn hnh n nh

2.5 HIU QU CNG TRNHSau khi lp t hon chnh v a vo vn hnh h thng, Trung tm Tit kim nng lng Tin Giang theo di, phn tch nh gi trong sut thi gian 02 thng. Trung tm c kt lun nh sau:

2.5.1 u im Nhc im:

* u im: Bng 6: So snh u im ca hai h thngB n LED s dng NLMTB n Sodium thng thng

- S dng NLMT nn tit kim in khng tr chi ph tin in hng thng- Hot ng hon ton c lp vi ngun in li nn khng b cp in - Khng tn chi ph u t ngun cp, dy cp ngun,

- Chiu sng ng u do khng phi ct tit gim TK. - Tui th n trn 50.000 gi v panel trn 20 nm.

- Khng cn bo tr trong 03 nm u

- nh sng pht ra lp tc khng cn si nng

- An ton, khng b in git do ngun 24V- T ng m/tt n nn khng phi tn nhn cng lm vic

- Hiu sut pht quang cao: 100 lm/W- Ch s hon mu CRI cao: 70- Khng nh hng khi thi tit ma bo ko di- Quang thng ln- Nhit mu cao

- ri cao hn nhng tha so vi nhu cu, gy lng ph

* Nhc im: Bng 7: So snh nhc im ca hai h thngB n LED s dng NLMTB n Sodium thng thng

- nh hng khi thi tit ma bo ko di

- Quang thng thp hn- Nhit mu thp

- Tui th h thng cquy khng cao

- ri gim nhng vn m bo theo TCXDVN 259:2001- S dng in li nn tn chi ph tin in- Hot ng ph thuc vo ngun in li nn khng hot ng khi cp in- Tn chi ph u t ngun, dy dn,

- Cht lng chiu sng b bc thang do ct tit gim- Tui th n thp 12.000 gi

- Tn chi ph bo tr, bo dng v thay th,

- Tn thi gian si nng- Tn hao in t ballast- Khng an ton in do in p 220V- Tn nhn cng vn hnh tt m

- Hiu sut pht quang thp: 80 lm/W- Ch s hon mu thp CRI = 30 40

- Gy nhim mi trng do pht thi CO2

=> T nhng u, nhc im ca b n LED s dng NLMT so vi b n Sodium thng thng, s gip cho c quan chc nng c nhiu cch la chn gii php gii quyt bi ton v thiu ngun cung cp cng nh t hiu qu v mt kinh t. 2.5.2 Hiu qu v mt k thut: Bng 8: Cc thng s k thut ca hai b nThng sn Sodium 250Wn LED - 80WGhi ch

Cng sut280 W/b (gm ballast)80 W/b

ri trung bnh17 lux15 luxGim 11,7%, p ng TCXDVN 259:2001

in nng tiu th trong 12 gi3,36 kWhKhng tn in

Nh vy vi b n LED s dng nng lng mt tri s gip ta tit kim in 3,36 kWh/m (khong 12 gi). Tuy nhin, ri trung bnh gim 11,7% nhng cht lng chiu sng ng u hn v vn p ng TCXDVN 259:2001.2.5.3 Hiu qu nng lng:

So snh v hiu qu nng lng ca mt tr n LED s dng NLMT vi b n in Sodium cao p 250W thng thng, tnh theo l thuyt nh sau:

2.5.3.1 Hiu qu nng lng trong nm:Bng 9: Tnh hiu qu nng lng trong nmCh tiun vn LED NLMT (A)n 250W thng thng (B)

Chi ph u t ban u (1) = (2) + (3) + (4)1000 44.32039.920

u t tr n (n, tr, dy dn) (2)1000 44.32030.000

Chi ph u t trm (chia trung bnh cho mt tr) (3)1000 02.000

u t dy dn cung cp ngun (4)1000 07.920

Chi ph u t chnh lch

(5) = (1A) (1B)1000 4.4000

Gi in bnh qunng/kWh1.3691.369

in nng tiu th trong ngy (12 gi)kWh/ngy03,36

S ngy s dng trong nmngy365365

in nng tiu th trong nmkWh/nm01.226

Chi ph tin in trong nm1000 01.680

Tit kim chi ph tin in (6)1000 1.6800

Thi gian thu hi vn u t chnh lch(7) = (5)/(6)nm2,60

Pht thi CO2tn00,52

Tm li: Nu u mt tr n LED s dng NLMT phi tn chi ph u t chnh lch l 4,4 triu ng nhng gip ta tit kim c 1.226 kWh/nm, tng ng 1,68 triu ng, cha n 3 nm s thu hi vn u t chnh lch v gp gim pht thi CO2 ra mi trng l 0,52 tn/nm. Nh vy, vi h thng l 25 tr n LED s dng NLMT th chi ph u t chnh lch l 110 triu ng nhng b li mi nm tit kim 30.660 kWh/nm, tng ng 42 triu ng v gip gim pht thi CO2 ra mi trng l 13 tn/nm.

2.5.3.2 Hiu qu nng lng trong vng i - Tui th n LED l hn 50.000 gi nn c thi gian s dng l 12,5 nm v n Sodium l 12.000 gi th c thi gian s dng 2,5 nm.

=> Nh vy n LED gp gn 5 ln n Sodium.

- Tui th cquy t 3 5 nm v panel l 20 nm.

Nh vy ta phi tnh n chi ph bo tr bo dng h thng trong vng i ca n nh sau:

Bng 10: Tnh hiu qu nng lng trong vng i ca n

Ch tiun vn LED NLMT (A)n 250W thng thng (B)

Chi ph u t, thay th, bo tr bo dng n (1) = (2) x (3)1000 04.960

Gi bng n (bao gm ch ph nhn cng) (2)1000 / bng8.122992

S ln thay th (3)ln05

Chi ph u t, thay th cquy

(4) = (5) x (6)1000 16.5600

Gi c quy (5)1000 /ci2.760 0

S ln thay (6)ln3 x 2 ci/tr0

in nng tiu th trong vng i

(7)= (8) x (9) x (3)kWh015.330

Thi gian s dng n (8)nm 12,52,5

in nng tiu th trong nm (9)kWh/nm01.226

Chi ph tin in trong vng i (11) = (7) x (10)1000 021.000

Gi in bnh qun (10)1000 1,3691,369

Chi ph u t ban u (12)1000 44.32039.920

Tng chi ph trong mt vng i ca n (13) =(1)+(4) + (11) + (12)1000 60.88065.900

Tit kim chi ph trong vng i ca n (14)1000 5.0400

Tng tit kim chi ph trong vng i ca h thng (15) = (14) x 25 tr1000 126.0000

Tng in nng tiu th (16) = (7) x 25 trkWh0383.250

Tng chi ph tin in trong vng i ca h thng (17) = (11) x 251000 0525.000

Pht thi CO2 ca ntn06,44

Gim pht thi CO2 ca h thngtn0161

Nh vy trong vng i, vi h thng 25 tr n LED NLMT s gip tit kim 383.250 kWh/nm, tng ng tit kim chi ph 525 triu ng. Tuy nhin, do trong qu trnh hot ng ca h thng cn tn chi ph bo tr, bo dng nn tit kim thc t l 126 triu ng v gim pht thi CO2 161 tn.

Chng 3 KT LUN V KIN NGH

3.1 KT LUN ti nghin cu, ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng c trin khai thc hin v t hiu qu nh sau:

- Cng tc thit k v thi cng lp t h thng n LED s dng NLMT ti tuyn ng inh B Lnh lun lun m bo theo TCXDVN hin hnh.- H thng sau khi hon thnh v vn hnh n nh p ng c cc yu cu k thut ra nh ri trung bnh l 15 lux (tng 25% so vi yu cu); chi t 0,75 cd/m2; ng u ln hn 0,4; tui th ca thit b cao (n LED tui th 11 nm, panel 20 nm,).- Vi h thng 25 tr n LED NLMT th mi nm in nng tit kim 30.660 kWh/nm, tng ng 40 triu ng v gip gim pht thi CO2 ra mi trng l 13 tn/nm. Trong vng i th in nng tit kim 383.250 kWh/nm, tng ng tit kim chi ph 525 triu ng. Tuy nhin, do trong qu trnh hot ng hot ng ca h thng cn tn chi ph bo tr, bo dng nn tit kim thc t l 126 triu ng v gim pht thi CO2 l 161 tn.

- Gip cho ngi tham gia lu thng c an ton hn v m bo an ninh trt t cho khu vc do khng phi ct tit gim TK.

- p ng yu cu v bo v mi trng nh khng thi ra kh CO2 gy hiu ng nh knh do s dng nng lng mt tri.

- H thng chiu sng cn t c hiu qu kinh t v m quan th.

- Gip nh nc gim chi ph u t c s h tng sn xut v phn phi in.3.2 KIN NGH- Nghim thu ti Nghin cu, ng dng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri trong chiu sng cng cng.

- Bn giao h thng n LED s dng nng lng mt tri chiu sng ti tuyn ng inh B Lnh, phng 9, thnh ph M Tho cho Phng Qun l th thnh ph qun l v Cng ty Cng trnh th thnh ph vn hnh s dng.

- H tr kinh ph cho Trung tm TKNL thc hin cng tc theo di, nh gi kim chng thc t trong thi gian khong ba nm. - T kt qu theo di, Trung tm TKNL tham mu cc c quan chc nng kin ngh UBND tnh c chng trnh trin khai p dng rng ri v chnh sch h tr cc a phung, doanh nghip s dng n LED NLMT trong chiu sng cng cng.

- Xy dng h thng n LED s dng NLMT cho cc cng trnh chiu sng cng cng xy dng mi nht l h thng chiu sng ni b ca cc khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip trn a bn tnh./.

Bo co ti: Nghin cu, ng dng n LED s dng NLMT trong CSCC 1Bo co ti: Nghin cu, ng dng n LED s dng NLMT trong CSCC4

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