: , - 19/12 . .
, 2012. .
1 ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 ? ........................................................................................ 3
1.2 ? ................................................................ 3
2 .......................................................................................................... 4
3 ....................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Linux Kernel............................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Hardware abstraction layer ......................................................................................... 6
3.3 Libraries...................................................................................................................... 6
3.4 Android Runtime ........................................................................................................ 6
3.5 Application Framework .............................................................................................. 6
4 ......................................................................... 7
4.1 1.5 Cupcake ............................................................................................. 7
4.2 1.6 Donut ................................................................................................. 7
4.3 2.0 Eclair ................................................................................................. 7
4.4 2.2 Froyo ................................................................................................. 8
4.5 2.3 Gingerbread ....................................................................................... 8
4.6 3 Honeycomb .......................................................................................... 8
4.7 4 Ice Cream Sandwich ............................................................................ 9
4.8 4.1 Jelly Bean .......................................................................................... 9
5 .................................................................................................. 10
5.1 Vanilla ...................................................................................................................... 10
5.2 Sense ......................................................................................................................... 11
5.3 Sony Ericsson UI ...................................................................................................... 11
5.4 Touch Wiz ................................................................................................................ 11
6 Google Play Store ............................................................................................................ 12
7 ........................................................................................................ 13
7.1 ? ...................................................................................... 13
7.2 ...................................................................................................................... 13
8 ......................................................................................................................... 14
9 ...................................................................................................................... 15
-19-12
3
1
1.1 ?
Google,
.
. .
Linux () Open Handset Alliance (OHA). 86
,
. , , netbook
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1.2 ?
, iOS,
iPhone, BlackBerry OS, Winodws Phone OS
Apple, Research in Motion, Microsoft. open source
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.
1.1. -
-19-12
4
2
Andy Rubin je Android Inc. 2003. . . Rich Miner-
, Nick Sears- Chris White-, . ,
, ,
2005. . Google, Google-
.
2007. Open Handset Alliance, ,
.
2008,
, ARM. Google.
1.0 2008. ,
HTC Dream. 1.1 ,
- 1.5 (Cupcake).
2.1.
-19-12
5
3
Linux kernel- () 2.6 Linux kernel 3.x, middleware-,
libraries () API ( )
C/C++. ` , middleware-a
. C/C++
Java Android Software Development
Kit (SDK). ,
,
SDK. ( 3.1.)
.
3.1.
-19-12
6
3.1 Linux Kernel
Linux Kernel , ,
Bluetooth-, , USB, , WiFI,
.
3.2 Hardware abstraction layer
.
: , , , , ,...
3.3 Libraries
C/C++ :
Surface Manager
Open GL | ES 3D
SGL 2D
Media Framework OpenCORE
/
Free Type
SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
SQLite
WebKit
Libc C
Linux
3.4 Android Runtime
Android Runtime .
. . Core Libraries
Java. DalvikVirtual Machine
. ,
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.
3.5 Application Framework
. API-
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.
-19-12
7
4.2. CC
4.2. Donut
4.2. Eclair
4
2008. .
, .
( 1.).
1.5 Cupcake 0.1%
1.6 Donut 0.3%
2.1 Eclair 3.1%
2.2 Froyo 12%
2.3 2.3.7 Gingerbread 53.9%
3.1 3.2 Honeycomb 0.4% - 1.4%
4.0.3 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich 25.8%
4.1 4.2 Jelly Bean 2.7%
4.1 -
4.1 1.5 Cupcake
30. 2009. .
.
. .
MPEG-4 3GP.
Bluetooth-.
/. upload- Youtube.
4.2 1.6 Donut
15. 2009. .
, .
,
. Google Play Store
( ).
.
4.3 2.0 Eclair
26. 2009. .
. Bluetooth 2.1.
, .
, .
HTML5. . .
live wallpapers, .
(2.0.1 2.1).
-19-12
8
4.6. GB
4.5. Froyo
4.7. HC
4.4 2.2 Froyo
20. 2010. .
, ,
. Chrome- V8
JavaScript . push
C2DM (Android Cloud to Device Messaging),
.
USB , WiFi hotspot-.
.
SD . Adobe Flash. Froyo
2.2.2 2.2.3.
4.5 2.3 Gingerbread
6. 2010. .
. (1280x768)
. . .
NFC(Near Field Communication). .
, .
Gingerbread-
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Gingerbread- 2.3.7.
4.6 3 Honeycomb
3.x Honeycomb
( ). 22. 2011. .
.
, .
multitasking. .
, .
.
, - (, , ),
. 3.2.2.
-19-12
9
4.9. JB
4.8. ICS
4.7 4 Ice Cream Sandwich
Ice Cream Sandwich (-),
. 4.0.1
19. 2011. .
, .
, .
. screenshot, lock screen-.
.
.
. ,
1080p .
. NFC Andorid Beam, Bluetooth,
. . ,
, Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0.4.
4.8 4.1 Jelly Bean
Jelly Bean ( ) 2012. .
, , Project Butter-,
.
, , Google Now,
iPhone-, , ,
,
. (
Google Maps). 4.2
. , 4.2.
4.10
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10
5
.
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Google- , - ,
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Vanilla , , .
5.1 Vanilla
Vanilla ( 5.1.) Google
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Custom UI . ,
. 5.1.Vanilla Andorid (Google )
-19-12
11
5.2 Sense
Sense ( 6.)
. HTC
UI .
Sense-a Flip
.
, .
. Sense
, , .
5.2. Sense
5.3 Sony Ericsson UI
Sony Ericsson UI ( 7.)
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, .
.
Home
Dock-. UI
,
UI . 5.3. SonyE UI
5.4 Touch Wiz
Samsung- TouchWiz ( 8.)
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TouchWiz .
iOS-a.
Vanilla ,
,
.
Sense . TouchWiz je
,
. 5.4. Touch Wiz
-19-12
12
6 Google Play Store
Google-
,
Google-
.
Google Play Store,
. ,
. App Store iPhone
.
, Google Play Store
850,000 . 6.1. Play Store-a
Google Play Sotre ,
.
.
,
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Google , .
,
-.
Google Play Store, .
Google Play Store ( ) .
, .
, .
.
Google Play Store-
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, Google Checkout.
Google Play Store , .
Google Play Sotre-a
.
-19-12
13
7
/. (Root) Linux
,
.
root .
Linux-.
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. Sadasdasdasda
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root . ,
screenshot .
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custom ROM-.
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,
brick- , . .
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ROM- backup
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7.1. Superuser
-19-12
14
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-19-12
15
9
[1] ( - 2012)
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
( 2012.)
[3] http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%
B8%D0%B4_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8
%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0
%BC) (
2012.)
[4] http://developer.android.com/about/dashboards/index.html -
( 2012.)
[5] 2012. .