Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Systematic Bird Species Monitoring at Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve Western Cuyahoga Audubon Society, Kirtland Bird Club, Audubon Society of Great Cleveland Revised 16 March 2015
Overview
In 2000, the National Audubon Society designated Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve (CLNP), also known as Dike 14, as an Important Bird Area because the area provides essential habitat for migratory, breeding, and wintering birds. CLNP is located at the intersection of four migratory bird routes: Lake Erie, the Lake Erie shoreline, the Cuyahoga River Valley, and the Doan Brook Valley. Over time, its diverse habitats have sustained 280 species of birds, 41 species of butterflies, and many mammals.
In 2012 the Cleveland-Cuyahoga Port Authority changed the areas name from Dike 14 to Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve and opened CLNP to the public. In 2014, Western Cuyahoga Audubon Society, Kirtland Bird Club, and the Audubon Society of Greater Cleveland adopted CLNP as a site for on-going monitoring of bird activity and initiated this Avian Survey Project. The Avian Survey Project has been developed in coordination with Black Swamp Bird Observatory. Data are collected according to standardized protocols so that they can be compared to data collected at other research stations in the region and will provide valid long-term monitoring. This document describes the monitoring protocols for the site.
Procedures
Overview: Two basic methods are used to survey avian activity at CLNP: point counts and a daily checklist. Point counts are performed at a series of 17 fixed points at the site. The observer(s) records all birds seen or heard during a 5 minute count at each designated point. The daily checklist consists of a list of all birds seen or heard while the observer is at CLNP, whether or not the bird is observed during a point count.
Point Locations: The attached map shows the 17 point count locations. Count locations were established to monitor each of the different habitats at the site and to provide a thorough, non-overlapping survey. All points are located on the existing trails. Each point is marked by a green metal post, with the point number indicated on the post. Posts usually have brightly-colored flagging attached, but flagging may be missing some of the time. Descriptions of the point locations and GPS coordinates for the points are included on the attached point location table.
Ideally, all points should be surveyed by some observer during every survey. Points may be surveyed in any order. If it is not possible to survey all points on a given day, observers are encouraged to conduct partial surveys. There are two defined half routes that may be surveyed (see below), or the observer may survey any subset of points.
The defined half routes are as follows: The West Route consists of Points 1-10. The East Route consists of Points 1-3, 6, and 10-17. Note that these two routes overlap at points 1-3 , 6, and 10. Teams that use these routes to split up for the survey should either survey these points together or agree upon which team will survey the overlapping points.
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 2 of 17
Observers: We ask that at least one observer from each party have a good knowledge of the appearance and songs of the birds that may be observed. Any number of observers may participate in point counts and in preparing the daily checklist. All observers must sign the attached release form in order to submit data.
Note that that observers are responsible for their own personal safety during the survey. Neither the Cleveland-Cuyahoga Port Authority, the Cleveland Metroparks, Kirtland Bird Club, Western Cuyahoga Audubon Society, Audubon Society of Greater Cleveland, nor any other entity or individual accepts any responsibility for observer safety. In an emergency, dial 911 or contact the Cleveland Metroparks Ranger Department emergency number 440-333-4911 (non-emergency number 440-331-5530). Note that CLNP is not part of Cleveland Metroparks. However, some Metroparks Rangers are stationed at the Metroparks building at the entrance to CLNP.
Survey Timing: Sunrise is the best time to perform the point counts, and every attempt should be made to conduct the surveys at or near sunrise. However, a survey may be run at any time of day when a sunrise survey is not possible. When possible, conduct counts in good weather, avoiding days with more than very light rain or wind greater than 10 mph. Note, however, that more data are better than fewer data if you can only make it to CLNP on a single day and want to do a survey, do it regardless of the weather and the time of day!
Regardless of when you plan to survey, please sign up for your survey time using the CLNP Survey Google Calendar1 or let Laura Gooch know when you plan to be at the site ([email protected], 216-932-1002). You may view the calendar online at http://www.wcasohio.org/1_Stage/preserve/14-clnp-surveys2 if you wish to check when surveys are being done by others without logging in to your own calendar. Your help with entering your times into the calendar will allow us to make sure that we have enough survey coverage, and it will allow you to make your survey effort count by avoiding double coverage when possible. You can survey at the same time as another surveyor if that is the only time that fits your schedule, but you may want to coordinate with them.
Point Count Protocol:
At each point, count all birds seen or heard during a five minute uninterrupted period, beginning as soon as you arrive at the point.
If you cannot avoid being interrupted, you may stop the count timer and resume the time when the interruption has passed.
For each bird observed, note age and sex if possible, as long as noting this does not distract you from your overall count.
Note any breeding behaviors you observe if you can do so without having this distract you from your overall count. See the attached Ohio Breeding Bird Atlas (OBBA) codes for breeding
1 Instructions for using the Google Calendar are available on request.
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 3 of 17
behavior information. You do not need to note the low-level behaviors shown in blue on the code sheet (e.g.: counter-singing or presence during safe dates) unless the species is an unusual breeding bird for CLNP.
If you cannot identify a bird as to species, identify it to the lowest taxonomic level possible and note it as such (e.g. woodpecker sp. or warbler sp.).
Count birds flushed within 50 m of the point as you approach as being at the point. If you do not see the bird again during the count, note this.
If you observe a flock during the count, you may follow it for a short time (less than 5 minutes) after the count to determine its size and composition.
If there are large flocks of birds on the lake, you may wish to estimate flock size after your main count is over. If you do this, be sure to only include birds that you saw during the count period. Remember that CLNP itself is the main focus of this survey. Avoid being too distracted by activity on the lake, and only count birds on the lake that are identifiable by binoculars and within a few hundred meters of CLNP.
If a bird gives an unknown song or call during a count, you may attempt to track it down after the count for identification.
Do not re-count birds seen or heard at one point and then seen again at another point. For example, if a Red-tailed Hawk is circling over the area, you might see the bird at several points. Count it only once. When in doubt, count the bird twice and note that you think it might be the same individual.
Record birds that are flying over the area, rather than occupying the site itself, as flybys. If you see a bird that typically uses the habitat overhead and you think its just moving around the area (rather than passing by), you should not record it as a flyby. If you have some birds of a given species that you think are flybys and some that you think are resident, you can make two entries for the species at the point with appropriate notations.
Record birds that are on the lake, rather than at the site itself, as lake. See additional notes from the bullet above for further information. As mentioned above, limit your count of birds on the lake to those that are within binocular ID range.
Indicate birds that you see at the site but outside the fence line (and not on the lake) with a note to that effect. Limit your count of birds outside CLNP to those within about 100 meters of CLNP.
Do not use anything to attract birds or otherwise distort the count. You may pish or use other means to attract and identify unknown birds if you saw or heard them during the count, but not until after the count interval is over.
Note birds that you see while you are at CLNP, but that are not observed during any point count, for inclusion on the daily checklist.
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 4 of 17
Move fairly briskly from point to point. Do not spend too much time during the survey trying to identify unknown species. You may return to a point after all points have been surveyed to further investigate a bird if necessary.
Record all data on the attached field form. The field data forms are also included in the data entry spreadsheet. There are three different version of the form: Concise, which does not include columns for notes and has space for three points on each page, Concise Slow Day, which has space for fewer species at each point and is generally suitable for use during the winter, and Expanded, which includes a column for notes and has space for only two points on each page. You may use any version.
Data Submittal: Enter point count and checklist data for each survey in the CLNP data entry Excel workbook. If you need a copy of the Excel file, contact Laura Gooch at [email protected]; telephone 216-932-1002. Instructions for data entry are included in the spreadsheet. Submit the completed Excel spreadsheet (the whole workbook, with instructions, etc.) to Laura at that email address. If you do not wish to enter the data yourself, you may submit your paper or scanned forms to Dick Hoffman at [email protected]; telephone 216-932-0877.
If possible, also scan and submit electronic copies of your field forms to Laura when you submit your electronic data. If you do not wish to scan your field forms, please retain them for at least a year so that we can refer to them if questions about your observations arise.
Please submit your data as soon as possible after you survey, preferably within a week. Your effort will be most valuable and well have better data quality if you do!
Rarities: If you think you have seen or heard a rare bird, do your best to document your sighting with either a photograph or a recording. Make good notes about the sighting. Contact other observers to verify your sighting if you think it is appropriate. For more information about documenting rare birds, see the Ohio Ornithological Society web page: http://www.ohiobirds.org/site/committee/rarebird.php
Resources
Song Learning:
Birding by Ear: Eastern/Central (Peterson Field Guides) Audio CD. Richard K. Walton and Robert W. Lawson. Edited by Roger Tory Peterson This is a very good introduction to learning bird songs.
Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs: Easter Region Audio CD. Donald and Lillian Stokes and Lang Elliot This is a fairly complete set of songs with more variations than most collections.
Phone aps from iBirdPro, Sibley, etc. Larkwire.com Excellent program for song learning and for improving song recognition.
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 5 of 17
Ohio Breeding Bird Atlas: http://www.ohiobirds.org/obba2/newsite/ Ohio Ornithological Society: http://www.ohiobirds.org/site/index.php Kirtland Bird Club: http://kirtlandbirdclub.org/ Western Cuyahoga Audubon Society: http://wcasohio.org/ CLNP Surveys Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/CitizenScienseDike14?ref_type=bookmark
Four Letter Codes:
Four letter codes for bird species expected at the site (for data entry and for your use on the data forms if you like) are included in the data entry spreadsheet.
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 6 of 17
Count Point Location Map Revised 16 March 2015
N
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 7 of 17
Point Count Locations Revised 16 March 2015
Point Latitude Longitude Elevation (m) Point Description
CLNP01 41.54265 -81.6295 186.1
Just across the bridge at the entrance by the trail
marker post.
CLNP02 41.54211 -81.631 186.4 North (right) side of trail opposite grove of trees.
CLNP03 41.54162 -81.6326 185.7 West (left) side of trail at bend to north.
CLNP04-2015 41.54329 -81.63229 182
On right side of Northern Harrier trail about 15 m
before mile post 0.1 (east bound) at southeast
corner of sparrow field.
CLNP05-2015 41.54420 -81.63062 184
On right side of Northern Harrier trail about 10 m
before mile post 0.2 (east bound).
CLNP06-2015 41.54344 -81.63399 185
At intersection of paths in the sparrow field next to
Loop Trail mile post 0.4 (north bound).
CLNP07 41.54288 -81.636 186.4
Right side of Perimeter Loop Trail about 25 m
before of milepost 0.5/1.1.
CLNP08 41.54273 -81.6381 187.8 At the "beak" (farthest NW point of the site.
CLNP09 41.54453 -81.6367 186.1
North (left side) of trail along the NW side of the
Perimeter Loop Trail.
CLNP10 41.54454 -81.6347 187.3
On interior trail, left side of trail near a large willow
and just before the trail marker.
CLNP11 41.54572 -81.6359 184.9
South (right) side of trail along the NW side of the
Perimeter Loop Trail. Short distance past bench.
CLNP12 41.54723 -81.6346 184.9
South (right) side of trail along the NW side of the
Perimeter Loop Trail. Just past bench.
CLNP13 41.54787 -81.6322 185.9
Lake edge at the intersection of the Perimeter Loop
Trail and the Northern Harrier Trail
CLNP14 41.5455 -81.631 185.4
North (left) side of trail at "Northern Harrier Trail"
mile post 0.3
CLNP15 41.54651 -81.6303 186.6
East (left) side of trail along the E side of the
Perimeter Loop Trail. Between mile 1.2 and bench.
CLNP16 41.5452 -81.6289 186.6
East (left) side of trail along the E side of the
Perimeter Loop Trail
CLNP17 41.54364 -81.6278 185.2
At base of stairs by Perimeter Loop Trail milepost
1.5/0.1.
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 8 of 17
Waiver and Release of all Claims for Use of the Cleveland
Lakefront Nature Preserve
WAIVER AND RELEASE OF ALL CLAIMS: I have read this form carefully, and am aware that by participating in an on-going research project sponsored by the Western Cuyahoga Audubon Society, Audubon Society of Greater Cleveland and Kirtland Bird Club (the Project) and by my use of and access to the Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve (the Preserve), I am WAIVING and RELEASING all claims for myself, and my heirs and legal representatives, arising out of such use and participation. In consideration of the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authoritys (the Port Authority) permission to participate in the Project and by my use of and access to the Preserve, I hereby agree as follows:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF RISK OR INJURY AND LOSS: I have fully informed myself of all of the details of the Project and have received satisfactory answers to all of my questions I have concerning the Project. I hereby agree to, andand all injuries and of any and all property loss and of all expenses, costs, damages and losses that I may sustain as a resuactivities connected with or associated with the Project or my use of the Preserve.
WAIVER AND RELEASE OF CLAIMS: I hereby agree to, and do, waive release and relinquish all claims, demands, rights of action, damages, liabilities and controversies of every kind, known and unknown, present and future, that I may have against the Port Authority and its officers, agents, servants, employees, insurers, related or affiliated individuals or entities, successors and assign arising out of, connected with, or in any way related to the Project or my use of the Preserve.
INDEMNITY AND DEFENSE: I hereby further agree to indemnify and hold harmless and defend the Port Authority and its officers, agents, servants, employees, insurers, related or affiliated individuals or entities, successors and assigns from any and all claims, lawsuits, demands, damages, liabilities, losses and expenses, including attorney's fees and administrative expenses, of every kind, known and unknown, present and future, arising out of, connected with, or in any way related to my participation in the Program or use of the Preserve.
I have read and fully understand the above WAIVER & RELEASE OF ALL CLAIMS and execute it of my own free will and without any reservation whatsoever. __________________________________________________
Print Name and address:______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Date: __________________________
Dike 14-Doan Brook IBA: Avian Survey Project Monitoring Protocol Revised 16 March 2015 Page 9 of 17
Cleveland Lakefront Nature Preserve/Dike 14 - Avian Survey Project
Bird Survey Data Entry Form - OBBA Codes
OBBACode Code Definition Code Type
X heard or seen within safe dates2, but NOT in suitable breeding habitat
3 Observed
OS heard or seen within safe dates and in suitable breeding habitat Possible
PO mated pair seen within safe dates and in suitable breeding habitat Probable
T1
territorial behavior (counter singing, territorial singing, woodpecker drumming, male-
male chases, etc.). Note that in this database this code will be used for territorial
behavior at any location. If it is noted at the same point 7 days apart, it should be
upgraded to T7 for entry into the OBBA database.
Probable
T7 singing male at same location 7 or more days apart Probable
AB agitated behavior and/or anxiety calls from adult Probable
CC courtship displays or copulation Probable
VS visiting probable nest site, or nest building by wrens, woodpeckers, kingfisher,
chickadees, titmice Probable
UN used nest (inactive nests; must be readily identifiable) Confirmed
CM adult carrying material for nest (nest not seen) Confirmed
NB nest building observed (nest seen) Confirmed
DD distraction display/behavior; broken wing display or dive-bombing humans Confirmed
PE gravid condition or highly vascularized brood-patch (bird banders only) Confirmed
CF adult carrying food or fecal sac Confirmed
ON occupied nest; nest attended by adult(s), but contents not visible Confirmed
NE nest with eggs Confirmed
NY nest with nestlings Confirmed
FY recently fledged young, incapable of sustained flight Confirmed
CU confirmed, OBBA code not specified - NOT AN OBBA CODE Confirmed
MI migrant species - NOT AN OBBA CODE
2 Refer to the attached field checklist of Ohio breeding birds from the Ohio Breeding Bird Atlas II for safe dates for each
species. 3 For the purpose of the CLNP Avian Survey, you do not need to specifically note the behaviors shown in blue except for
unusual species.
!
"
!!
#$
"$
!
%
&$'(
)
!"#$%&'!()!*+++#,!*++--+*$
* * * * * *
" " "
( ( (
$& $& $&
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+
)!
-
. )/)(
./
/01
203 &
40/5 !6
/10/4 &
/7052
68 &
952
(:&
& $
;&
&
'< !&$
6 '( 0
$ !
&!!
$
&'
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
/0/3= /0/>= /01?/>0/3' ! !'
!"#"$%&!"#"'%(!"#)*+*"'#"$,--,
!
"
!!
#$
"$
!
%
&$'(
)
! "#$%&'(")* "+,,,$- "+,,..,+%
* * * * * *
" " "
( ( (
$& $& $&
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
* * * * * *
" " "
( ( (
$& $& $&
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
+, +, +,
-.-/0 -.-10 -.23-1.-/' ! !'
(4&
& $
5&
&
'6 !&
$ 7 '
( .$
!&!!
$
&'
/!*0*)
8-
-.2
9./ &
:.-; !7
-2.-: &
-;9
+
)!
?
!
!"#"$%&!"#"'%(!"#)*+*"'#"$,--,
!!"
!
"
!!
#$
"$
!
%
&$'(
)
#"$%&'( )$*"$+,,,&-"$+,,..,+'
* *
" "
( (
$& ( $& (
+, +,
+, +,
+, +,
+, +,
(-&
& $ .
& &
'/ !&
$ 0 '( 1
$ !
&!!
$ &'
23124 &
25167
08 &
967
/#0*
:2
213
71; &
4126 !0
+
)!
= 213?2>12;' ! !'
!!"#
!"#"$%&!"#"'%(!"#)*+*"'#"$,--,
!
"
#
$
"
%
&
#
'
(
) *
+
,
+
-
)
.
/
"
0
.
1
"
2
3
4
5
#
'
(
6
7
8
9
,
+
7
'
(
:
?
@
A
?
B C
D
E
F
G
G
H
I
E
Sav
anna
h S
parr
ow -
1R
J
K
L
J
M
K
N
J
Gra
ssho
pper
Spa
rrow
- 1
R
J
K
L
O
M
K
N
J
Hen
slow
's S
parr
ow -
2
J
K
L
O
M
K
N
J
Son
g S
parr
ow -
1
J
K
J
M
K
N
J
Sw
amp
Spa
rrow
- 1
R
J
K
L
J
M
K
N
J
Whi
te-t
hroa
ted
Spa
rrow
- 3
P
K
N
O
M
K
N
J
Dar
k-ey
ed J
unco
- 3
P
K
N
M
K
N
J
Nor
ther
n C
ardi
nal -
1
Q
K
N
J
M
K
Q
N
Ros
e-br
east
ed G
rosb
eak
- 1
R
P
K
N
R
K
Q
N
Blu
e G
rosb
eak
- 2
P
K
N
R
K
Q
N
Indi
go B
untin
g -
1
J
K
L
J
R
K
Q
N
Dic
kcis
sel -
1R
P
K
N
R
K
Q
N
Bob
olin
k -
2
P
K
N
P
K
Q
O
Red
-win
ged
Bla
ckbi
rd -
1
J
K
N
P
K
Q
O
Eas
tern
Mea
dow
lark
- 1
J
K
N
O
R
K
Q
N
Wes
tern
Mea
dow
lark
- 3
J
K
N
J
R
K
Q
N
Yel
low
-hea
ded
Bla
ckbi
rd -
3
J
K
N
P
K
Q
O
Com
mon
Gra
ckle
- 1
S
K
N
J
P
K
Q
O
Bro
wn-
head
ed C
owbi
rd -
1
J
K
N
O
R
K
N
O
Orc
hard
Orio
le -
1
P
K
N
R
K
Q
N
Bal
timor
e O
riole
- 1
J
K
L
J
R
K
Q
N
Pur
ple
Fin
ch -
2
J
K
L
J
R
K
Q
N
Hou
se F
inch
- 1
J
K
N
R
K
Q
N
Red
Cro
ssbi
ll -
3
J
K
N
J
R
K
Q
N
Pin
e S
iski
n -
3
P
K
N
R
K
Q
N
Am
eric
an G
oldf
inch
- 1
P
K
N
M
K
Q
N
Hou
se S
parr
ow -
1
L
K
N
T
K
N
J
U
V
V
W
X
W Y
Z
[
\
] ^
_
`
W
_
a
b
c d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
ld
e
]
k
j
k
m
f
c
j
k
g
nd
h
l
g
f
o p
q r
s
t
u
s
v
u
v
w
u
x
s
v
r
y
s
z
x {
y
y
s
|
u
{
}
z
~
~
t
{
{
}
{
vr
s
t
u
z
~
s
{
y
v
{
t
{
}
u
y
y
s
s
x
u
}
|
z
y
s
y
s
u
y
s
x
z
r
{
v
v
u
~
s
{
y
r
y
{
z
~
s
y
s
t
{
y
x
{
y
{
y
z
~
z
v
~
{
t
u
v
v
u
t
u
s
}
o
p
q r
s
t
u
s
v
u
v
y
s
|
u
{
}
z
~
~
y
z
y
s
{
y
s
y
}
t
{
{
}
v
s
s
s
|
u
{
}
z
~
q r
s
t
u
s
v
u
v
q r
s
t
u
z
~
s
{
y
v
{
t
{
}
u
y
y
s
s
x
u
}
|
v
z
v
z
y
s
s
}
t
{
y
z
|
s
x
z
v
u
v
t
{
~
~
s
t
u
{
}{
~
u r
~
s
y
s
t
{
y
x
v
w
u
u
}
s
z
t
~
{
t
~
s
z
v
s
y
s
t
{
y
x
z
t
t
y
z
s
~
{
t
z
u
{
}
v
~
z
u
x
s
~
{
}
|
u
x
s
w
u
u
}
~
{
t
v
p
q r
s
t
u
s
v
{
t
{
}
v
s
y
z
u
{
}
u
}
s
y
s
v
{
v
~
u
{
q
r
s
t
u
s
v
{
{
}
t
s
y
}
z
}
x
q r
s
t
u
z
~
}
s
y
s
v
q r
s
t
u
z
~
s
{
y
v
{
t
{
}
u
y
y
s
s
x
u
}
|
v
z
v
z
y
s
s
}
t
{
y
z
|
s
x
z
v
u
v
t
{
~
~
s
t
u
{
}
{
~
u r
~
s
y
s
t
{
y
x
v
w
u
u
}
s
z
t
~
{
t
~
s
z
v
s
y
s
t
{
y
x
z
t
t
y
z
s
~
{
t
z
u
{
}
v
~
z
u
x
s
~
{
}
|
u
x
s
w
u
u
}
~
{
t
v
p
q r
s
t
u
s
v
{
v
z
s
w
u
x
s
y
z
y
u
{
y
w
u
{
u
t
u
z
~
v
z
s
w
u
x
s
}
x
z
}
|
s
y
s
x {
y
y
s
z
s
}
s
x
v
z
v
s
t
{
y
x
y
s
u
y
s
v
v
u
v
v
u
{
}{
{
u
t
u
z
~
x
{
t
s
}
z
u
{
}
{
y
z
}
x
z
t
t
y
z
s
~
{
t
z
u
{
}
v
~
z
u
x
s
~
{
}
|
u
x
s
w
u
u
}
~
{
t
v
q r
s
t
u
z
~
s
{
y
v
{
t
{
}
u
y
y
s
s
x
u
}
|
v
z
v
z
y
s
v
y
{
}
|
~
s
}
t
{
y
z
|
s
x
z
v
u
v
t
{
~
~
s
t
u
{
}{
~
u
r
~
s
y
s
t
{
y
x
v
w
u
u
}
s
z
t
~
{
t
v
s
y
s
y
v
{
~
x
r
y
{
u
x
s
x
s
z
u
~
v
{
v
u
|
u
}
|
v
{
s
y
s
v
r
s
t
u
s
s
|
u
{
}
z
~
{
{
y
x
u
}
z
{
y
B
B
5
B
B
I
B
I
B
E
G
E
G
G
E
4
4
R
3
K
I
I
I
!
"
#
I
$
"
2
2
K
#
G
5
%
I
&
E
"
#
"
5
"
'
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
. /
0
1
2
3 4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6 7
8
9
4
5
5
5
5
5
:
;
=
>
a
_
Y
b
c
[
d
b
e
[
Y
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
:
7
8
?
@
A
@
B
C D
E
F
D
G H
I
J
K
L
L
M
N
J
Red
-bre
aste
d N
utha
tch
- 3
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Whi
te-b
reas
ted
Nut
hatc
h -
1
O
P
Q
T
P
Q
O
Bro
wn
Cre
eper
- 2
O
P
Q
O
R
P
S
Q
Car
olin
a W
ren
- 1
V
P
Q
T
P
S
X
Bew
ick'
s W
ren
- 3
O
P
Q
T
P
Q
O
Hou
se W
ren
- 1
O
P
W
O
T
P
Q
O
Win
ter
Wre
n -
3
O
P
W
X
T
P
Q
O
Sed
ge W
ren
- 2
U
P
Q
T
P
Q
O
Mar
sh W
ren
- 2
O
P
W
O
T
P
Q
O
Gol
den-
crow
ned
Kin
glet
- 3
O
P
Q
O
T
P
Q
O
Blu
e-gr
ay G
natc
atch
er -
1O
P
Q
O
R
P
Q
O
Eas
tern
Blu
ebird
- 1
O
P
Q
T
P
Q
O
Vee
ry -
1R
U
P
O
R
P
S
Q
Her
mit
Thr
ush
- 3
O
P
W
X
R
P
S
Q
Woo
d T
hrus
h -
1
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Am
eric
an R
obin
- 1
O
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Gra
y C
atbi
rd -
1
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Nor
ther
n M
ocki
ngbi
rd -
1R
O
P
Q
X
T
P
Q
O
Bro
wn
Thr
ashe
r -
1
O
P
Q
O
R
P
S
Q
Eur
opea
n S
tarli
ng -
1
V
P
Q
O
R
P
Q
O
Ced
ar W
axw
ing
- 1
U
P
O
R
P
W
X
Blu
e-w
inge
d W
arbl
er -
1R
O
P
W
O
R
P
Q
O
Gol
den-
win
ged
War
bler
- 3
O
P
W
O
R
P
Q
O
BW
WA
x G
WW
A H
ybrid
- 2
O
P
W
O
R
P
Q
O
Nas
hvill
e W
arbl
er -
3
O
P
W
O
R
P
Q
O
Nor
ther
n P
arul
a -
1R
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Yel
low
War
bler
- 1
O
P
W
O
U
P
S
X
Che
stnu
t-si
ded
War
bler
- 1
R
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Mag
nolia
War
bler
- 2
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Bla
ck-t
hroa
ted
Blu
e W
arbl
er -
3
U
P
Q
T
P
Q
X
Bla
ck-t
hroa
ted
Gre
en W
arbl
er -
2
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Bla
ckbu
rnia
n W
arbl
er -
3
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Yel
low
-thr
oate
d W
arbl
er -
1R
O
P
Q
O
R
P
Q
O
Pin
e W
arbl
er -
1R
O
P
Q
X
T
P
Q
O
Pra
irie
War
bler
- 1
R
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Cer
ulea
n W
arbl
er -
2
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Bla
ck-a
nd-w
hite
War
bler
- 1
R
U
P
Q
R
P
Q
O
Am
eric
an R
edst
art -
1R
U
P
Q
R
P
W
X
Pro
thon
otar
y W
arbl
er -
2
O
P
W
O
R
P
Q
O
Wor
m-e
atin
g W
arbl
er -
1R
O
P
W
O
R
P
Q
O
Ove
nbird
- 1
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Nor
ther
n W
ater
thru
sh -
3
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Loui
sian
a W
ater
thru
sh -
1R
O
P
Q
R
P
Q
X
Ken
tuck
y W
arbl
er -
1R
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Mou
rnin
g W
arbl
er -
3
U
P
Q
O
R
P
S
Q
Com
mon
Yel
low
thro
at -
1
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Hoo
ded
War
bler
- 1
R
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Can
ada
War
bler
- 2
U
P
O
R
P
W
X
Yel
low
-bre
aste
d C
hat -
1R
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Sum
mer
Tan
ager
- 1
R
U
P
Q
R
P
S
Q
Sca
rlet T
anag
er -
1
O
P
W
O
R
P
S
Q
Eas
tern
Tow
hee
- 1
O
P
W
X
T
P
Q
O
Chi
ppin
g S
parr
ow -
1
O
P
W
X
T
P
Q
O
Cla
y-co
lore
d S
parr
ow -
3
U
P
Q
T
P
Q
O
Fie
ld S
parr
ow -
1
O
P
Q
O
T
P
Q
O
Ves
per
Spa
rrow
- 1
R
O
P
O
T
P
Q
O
Lark
Spa
rrow
- 3
U
P
Q
T
P
Q
O