8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 1/12
Msy}a ec Cesmfìía c Daynfìía ” Uhza 9, kîtc ̀HH ” 6² fka
Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf`
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 2/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 6:3
Ehnck}ía Za`îu hmf c Bsyîehmf
'Manzakckuc ec Daynfìía ]amhams`usyf`(
Nýes`a I<2 Aylfkhrfìóc} Hkucykfmhakfh}2
F} Kfìóc} 'Ec}(Skhef}
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 3/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 6:4
A }hlkhdhmfea ec aylfkhrfìía2
Snf aylfkhrfìía è snf manihkfìía ec c}dayìa} hkehthesfh} vsc ucn zay dhkf`hefec ycf`hrfy zyazý}hua}
ma`cuhta}+ Zay ncha ec snf aylfkhrfìía uaykf.}c za}}îtc` zcy}clshy c f`mfkìfy aibcuhta} vsc }cyhfn
hkfuhklîtch} zfyf snf zc}}af+
Snf lyfkec cnzyc}f as snf zcvsckf adhmhkf, sn `fiayfuýyha as a mayza ec ianichya}, sn ga}zhuf`
as snf c}ma`f }ía uaea} cwcnz`a} ec aylfkhrfìóc}+
Snf aylfkhrfìía è daynfef zc`f }anf ec zc}}af}, nævshkf} c asuya} cvshzfnckua}, ycmsy}a}
dhkfkmchya} c asuya}+ F aylfkhrfìía è a yc}s`ufea ef manihkfìía ec uaea} c}uc} c`cnckua} ayhckufea}
zay sn aibcuhta mansn+ F vsf`hefec è a yc}s`ufea ec sn uyfif`ga ec aylfkhrfìía+
Aylfkhrfìía hkucylatcykfnckuf` 'AH(, ufnièn makgcmhef mana aylfkhrfìía latcykfnckuf`
hkucykfmhakf` 'ALH(, è snf aylfkhrfìía manza}uf zyhkmhzf`nckuc ec C}ufea} }aicyfka} 'ycdcyhea
mana C}ufea}.Ncniya} (, as ec asuyf} aylfkhrfìóc} hkucylatcykfnckufh}+ F} aylfkhrfìóc}
hkucylatcykfnckufh} }ía dycvsckucnckuc mgfnfea} ec aylfkhrfìóc} hkucykfmhakfh}, cniayf c}}c ucyna
za}}f ufnièn hkm`shy aylfkhrfìía kía.latcykfnckuf` hkucykfmhakf`, mana hkucykfmhakf` }cn dhk}
`smyfuhta} 'AKL}( as cnzyc}f} ns`uhkfmhakfh}+
F} aylfkhrfìóc} hkucylatcykfnckufh} l`aifh} lcyf`nckuc }ía ficyuf} ê zfyuhmhzfìía ec kfìóc} ea
nskea hkuchya, ec}ec vsc }cbfn msnzyhea} mcyua} myhuèyha}+ C}uf mfuclayhf hkm`sh f} Kfìóc} Skhef}
'AKS( c f} }sf} flâkmhf} c}zcmhf`hrfef}, mana zay cwcnz`a2 Hkucyza ,̀ f Aylfkhrfìía Nskehf` ea
Manèymha 'ANM(, f Aylfkhrfìía Nskehf` ef} F`dékeclf} 'ANF(, c a Dskea Nakcuæyha
Hkucykfmhakf` 'DNH(+
Bæ f} aylfkhrfìóc} hkucylatcykfnckufh} yclhakfh} }ía ficyuf} f ncniya} ec snf ecucynhkfef yclhía
as makuhkckuc ea nskea+ C}uf mfuclayhf hkm`sh, zay cwcnz`a, a Mak}c`ga ef Csyazf 'MaC(, ef Skhía
Csyazchf'SC(, ef KFUA , f Skhía Fdyhmfkf 'SF(, f Aylfkhrfìía ea} C}ufea}
Fncyhmfka} 'ACF(, F}}amhfìía ef} Kfìóc} ea ]sec}uc F}hæuhma 'F]CFK(, f @hlf Æyfic c f Skhía
ef} kfìóc} }s`.fncyhmfkf} 'SKF]S@(+
Makmchua ec Aylfkhrfìía Hkucylatcykfnckuf`
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 4/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 6:<
ACF F]CFK SKF]S@
F} aylfkhrfìóc} hkucylatcykfnckufh} }ía c}zfìa ec ehæ`ala+
F} aylfkhrfìóc} hkucylatcykfnckufh} dayfn myhfef} zfyf vsc a} zyai`cnf} ec mfef zfî} kía da}}cn
uyfufea} ec nfkchyf h}a`fef c vsc a} ncmfkh}na} vsc hkucydcycn kf ayecn l`aif` zsec}}cn }cy
ycls`fnckufea}+ H}}a hkm`sh zyazay if}c} zfyf f yc}a`sìía ec makd`hua} hkucykfmhakfh}+
Nf}, kcn }cnzyc f hkucydcyâkmhf ec}}f} aylfkhrfìóc} mak}clsc makuyhishy ec nfkchyf cdcuhtf zfyf f
aiuckìía ec sn mak}ck}a+
SF ” Skhía Fdyhmfkf MaC ” Mak}c`ga ef Csyazf @hlf Æyfic
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 5/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 6:7
FKUCMCECKUC]2
Zcyfkuc f} mak}cvsâkmhf} ef 9¢ Lscyyf Nskehf`, }sylhs f kcmc}}hefec ec snf katf ayecn hkucykfmhakf`c ec nfksuckìía ef ZFR+
6853 . MAKDCYÂKMHF EC ]+ DYFKMH]MA
” CSF .
CWH]UÂKMHF ADHMHF@2
95 EC ASUSIYA EC 6853
KATF HAYVSC
Aylfkhrfìía ef} Kfìóc} Skhef}2
'fkucmceckuc} c manza}hìía?
aibcuhta} c flâkmhf} c}zcmhf h̀rfef}(
• Nfkucy f zfr c f }clsyfkìf ka Nskea?
• Zyanatcy f hlsf`efec c a yc}zchua
zc`a} ehychua} ec uaea} a} mhefeía},hkeczckeckucnckuc ef }sf yfìf, }cwa,`îklsf, ms`usyf as yc`hlhía?
• Danckufy f maazcyfìía hkucykfmhakf`kf} æycf} cmakýnhmf, ms`usyf` cgsnfkhuæyhf?
• Ycmakgcmcy a ehychua ea} zata} êfsuaecucynhkfìía+
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 6/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 6:8
C]UYSUSYF EF AKS
Cn 6853, yczyc}ckufkuc} ec 3: zfî}c} ycskhyfn.}c cn ]ía Dyfkmh}ma, ka} C}ufea} Skhea} ef Fnèyhmf,
zfyf c`fiayfycn f mgfnfef Mfyuf ef} Kfìóc} Skhef}+ A} ec`clfea} ea} ehdcyckuc} zfî}c}
yczyc}ckufea} ec`hicyfyfn man if}c ksnf zyaza}uf vsc gfthf }hea dayns`fef cn ncfea} ec 6855
zc`a} yczyc}ckufkuc} ef Mghkf, cw.Skhía ]athèuhmf, Ychka Skhea c C}ufea} Skhea} ef Fnèyhmf+ F mfyuf
dah f}}hkfef cn 94 ec Bskga ec 6853 zc`a} 3: zfî}c} zyc}ckuc}, }ckea vsc f Za`ýkhf, fecyhs `ala cn
}clshef, uaykfkea.}c f}}hn sn ea} 36 ncniya} dskefeayc} ef} Kfìóc} Skhef}+
Ka ckufkua, f aylfkhrfìía ef} Kfìóc} Skhef} 'AKS( zf}}as f cwh}uhy adhmhf`nckuc cn 95 ec Asusiya
ec 6853, vsfkea f mfyuf dah yfuhdhmfef zc`f Mghkf, Dyfkìf, cw.Skhía ]athèuhmf, Ychka Skhea, C}ufea}
Skhea} ef Fnèyhmf c zc`f nfhayhf ea} asuya} ncniya} }hlkfuæyha}+
Ec fmayea man a} mfzîus`a} T, TH, THH, THHH c WHH ef mfyuf, a mak}c`ga ec }clsyfkìf, ucn f} }clshkuc}
dskìóc} c zaecyc}2
f( nfkucy f zfr c f }clsyfkìf hkucykfmhakf`?
i( hktc}uhlfy vsf`vscy eh}zsuf as }husfìía vsc za}}f `ctfy f }husfìóc} ec fuyhua hkucykfmhakf`?
m( ycmanckefy nèuaea} ec fbs}ufnckua ec eh}zsuf} as ucyna} ec fmayea} as fbs}uc}?
e( dayns`fy z`fka} zfyf a c}ufic`cmhnckua ec sn }h}ucnf zfyf ycls`fnckufy a} fynfnckua}?
c( ecucynhkfy f cwh}uâkmhf ec fncfìf} zfyf f zfr as fua} ec flyc}}ía c ycmanckefy vsfh} fìóc} ectcn
}cy uanfef}?
AKS
F}}cni`chf
Lcyf`
]cmycufyhfea
Mak}c`gaCmakýnhma c
]amhf`
Mak}c`ga ec
]clsyfkìf
Uyhiskf`
Hkucykfmhakf`
ec Bs}uhìf
Mak}c`ga ecUsuc`f
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 7/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 66:
d( fzc`fy zfyf vsc a} c}ufea} ncniya} fz`hvscn }fkìóc} cmakýnhmf} c asuyf} ncehef} vsc kía a s}a
ef dayìf zfyf zyctckhy as hkucyyanzcy snf flyc}}ía?
l( feaufy f fìía nh`hufy makuyf sn flyc}}ay?
g( ycmanckefy f fenh}}ía ec kata} ncniya}?
h( cwcymcy f} dskìóc} ec usuc`f ef} kfìóc} skhef} cn yclhóc} c}uyfuèlhmf}? c
b( ycmanckefy ê f}}cni`chf lcyf` f hkehmfìía ea }cmycuæyha.lcyf` c cn makbskua man c}uf, c`clcy a}
bsîrc} ea uyhiskf` hkucykfmhakf` ec bs}uhìf+
A fyuhla 9<² ef mfyuf c}ufic`cmc a }h}ucnf ec uanfef ec ecmh}ía zc`a mak}c`ga ec }clsyfkìf, }clskea a
vsf` mfef ncniya ucn sn taua+ F} ecmh}óc} ec nfuèyhf} ec zyamcehnckua }ía uanfef} zc`a taua
fdhynfuhta ec katc ea} 63 ea} }cs} ncniya}+ Ka ckufkua, f} ecmh}óc} cn nfuèyhf} }si}ufkuhtf}
ycvscycn katc taua}, hkm`s}htc a taua makmayyckuc 'fdhynfuhta( ec uaea} a} ncniya} zcynfkckuc}+
C}uf è f yclyf mgfnfef ec zaecy ec )tcua)+
Ec fmayea man f mfyuf, uaea} a} c}ufea}.ncniya} makmayefn cn fmchufy c feaufy f} ecmh}óc} ea
mak}c`ga ec }clsyfkìf+ Ckvsfkua vsc a} asuya} ýylía} ef} kfìóc} skhef} dfrcn ycmanckefìóc} fa}
latcyka}, }anckuc a mak}c`ga ec }clsyfkìf ucn a zaecy ec uanfy ecmh}óc} vsc a} c}ufea}.ncniya}
}ía aiyhlfea} f feaufy+
F Aylfkhrfìía ea Uyfufea ea Fu`ékuhma Kayuc 'AUFK!KFUA( è snf f`hfkìf ecdck}htf dskefef cn
6858 ka makucwua ef Lscyyf Dyhf zay earc zfî}c} `hecyfea} zc`a} C}ufea} Skhea} ef Fnèyhmf+ Uhkgf
mana dhkf`hefec dfrcy dfmc ê fncfìf nh`hufy }athèuhmf+
Aylfkhrfìía ea Uyfufea ea Fu`ékuhma Kayuc2
'kfusycrf c nh}}ía? C}ufea}.ncniya} c Zfymchya}(
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 8/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 666
Esyfkuc f Lscyyf Dyhf, f AUFK f`fylas.}c, kancfefnckuc, fa ]s` ef Csyazf, man f ckuyfef ec vsfuyakata} ncniya}+
F zfyuhy ea hkîmha ea} fka} 8: ea }èms`a WW, f kfusycrf ef AUFK f`ucyas.}c zyadskefnckuc+ F Skhía
]athèuhmf dyflnckuas.}c, a vsc hnzõ} snf katf `ýlhmf ec aylfkhrfìía ef ecdc}f ma`cuhtf ea Amheckuc+
F AUFK uctc ec fefzufy f} c}uysusyf} c mfzfmhefec} nh`hufyc} f katf} ufycdf}, mana2 f lc}uía ec
myh}c}, f nfksuckìía ef zfr c azcyfìóc} ec fzaha ef zfr, zfymcyhf} zfyf f zfr 'ZZZ( c maazcyfìía
makuyf a ucyyayh}na+
Cn yc}za}uf fa} kata} ec}fdha} ef }clsyfkìf, f AUFK echwas ec }cy zyhnfyhfnckuc snf F`hfkìf man
f yc}zak}fih`hefec ef ecdc}f ma`cuhtf zfyf }c uaykfy a mckuya ec snf zfymcyhf ec zfî}c} maazcyfkea
c}uychufnckuc ka eanîkha nfh} tf}ua ef }clsyfkìf+
Ai}cytfyfn.}c ka} ò`uhna} fka} katf} fec}óc} ê aylfkhrfìía zay zfyuc ec fkuhla} zfî}c} manskh}uf}
ef Csyazf ec @c}uc2 Yczòi`hmf Mgcmf, Gsklyhf c Za`ýkhf, cn Nfyìa ec 6888? Is`læyhf, C}uýkhf,
@cuýkhf, @husékhf, Yanèkhf, C}`atævshf c C}`atèkhf, cn Nfyìa ec 9::5+ Man c}uc} kata} ncniya}, f
aylfkhrfìía ckmakuyf.}c ê} zayuf} ef Yò}}hf ” man vscn f`hæ}, c}ufic`cmcs sn Mak}c`ga AUFK.
Yò}}hf+
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 9/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 669
Snf Aylfkhrfìía Kía Latcykfnckuf` 'AKL( è vsf`vscy lysza mak}hecyfea kía `smyfuhta daynfea
zay mhefeía} ta`skuæyha} c aylfkhrfea f kîtc` `amf`, kfmhakf` as hkucykfmhakf`+
Man sn makbskua ec ufycdf} ayhckufef} c ehyhlhef} zay hkehtîesa} man hkucyc}}c mansk}, f} AKL
zyc}ufn snf lyfkec tfyhcefec ec }cythìa} c ec dskìóc} gsnfkhuæyhf}, fkf`h}fn a} zyai`cnf} vsc }c
`ctfkufn fa} mhefeía} c fa} latcyka}, }szcyth}hakfn f} za`îuhmf}, c hkmckuhtfn f zfyuhmhzfìía ef
manskhefec+
Makmchua ec Aylfkhrfìía Kía.Latcykfnckuf`2
'énihua} c cwcnz`a} ec fìía?
aibcuhta} c manzcuâkmhf}(
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 10/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 66=
A nathnckua ef} AKL è if}ufkuc gcucyalèkca, c}ufkea f }sf myhfìía yc`fmhakfef man ehdcyckuc}
mhymsk}uékmhf} c ycd`cuhkea ehtcy}f} uyfehìóc} c ms`usyf}+
F} AKL zaecn }cy m`f}}hdhmfef} ec ehdcyckuc} nfkchyf}, }clskea f} }sf} fuhthefec}, f }sf hkd`sâkmhf
lcalyædhmf, cum+
F} AKL ma`amfn f cwzcyhâkmhf fevshyhef ka makufmua man f} zazs`fìóc} `amfh} fa }cythìa ef fbsef
fa ec}ckta`thnckua c kf }szcyth}ía c makmycuhrfìía ec fmayea} hkucykfmhakfh}+ F`lsnf} c}uía
aylfkhrfef} cn f}}skua} c}zcmîdhma}, ufh} mana a} ehychua} gsnfka}, a fnihckuc as f }fòec+
]ía cwcnz`a} ec AKL2
. Fnkh}uhf Hkucykfmhakf`?
. Nèehma} ea Nskea 'NEN(?
. Nèehma} ]cn Dyakuchyf} 'N]D(?
. Mysr Tcync`gf?
. Lycckzcfmc?
. Dskea Nskehf` zfyf f Kfusycrf '\\D(+
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 11/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 665
Man a fsnckua ec }husfìóc} ec cncylâkmhf, cn thyusec ea fsnckua ea} makd`hua} c ea} hnzfmua} ef}
mfuæ}uyadc} kfusyfh}, f} AKL uân ec}ckta`thea ksncya}f} fìóc} ec fbsef ec cncylâkmhf c ec
zyalyfnf} ec ec}ckta`thnckua, kancfefnckuc ka} zfî}c} cn ec}ckta`thnckua 'zfî}c} nfh} zaiyc}(+
F} AKL uân ma`fiayfea cn ehtcy}a} eanîkha}, ufh} mana2 f }fòec, f cesmfìía c f daynfìía
zyadh}}hakf`+
C}uc fzaha daykcmhea zay c}uf} aylfkhrfìóc} ucn }hea snf fbsef zycmha}f kf} }husfìóc} ec myh}c,
fbsefkea f} zazs`fìóc}, eckskmhfkea eyfnf} gsnfka} c fzc`fkea ê manskhefec hkucykfmhakf`+ Dayfn
f} AKL vsc hkuyaesrhyfn sn makmchua nshua hnzayufkuc, a ec ‐ectcy ec f}}h}uâkmhf„, vsc f AKS, cn
6877, zf}}as f ec}hlkfy zay ‐ectcy ec hklcyâkmhf gsnfkhuæyhf„+
Fa `akla ea} fka}, f fbsef ucn f`mfkìfea f`lsk} }smc}}a} cn ehtcy}f} æycf}2 kf cesmfìía, kf }fòec,
ka manifuc ê danc, kf nc`gayhf ef flyhms`usyf as ka `fkìfnckua ec hkdyfc}uysusyf}+
Ta`skufyhfea2 sn cwcnz`a f }clshy․
A uyfif`ga ta`skuæyha è mak}hecyfea zc`f Aylfkhrfìía ef} Kfìóc} Skhef} 'AKS( sn ea} mfnhkga}
zfyf f yc}a`sìía ea} nfhayc} zyai`cnf} nskehfh}+ F zfyuhmhzfìía mhth` zay ncha ec fbsef nòusf, ef
lfyfkuhf ec }cythìa} iæ}hma} c ef ecdc}f ec mfs}f} kfmhakfh} c hkucykfmhakfh} è mak}hecyfef sn
hnzayufkuc hk}uysnckua zfyf a f`mfkmc ea} Aibcuhta} ec Ec}ckta`thnckua ea Nh`èkha+
F makmycuhrfìía ea zauckmhf` ef naih`hrfìía mhth` ta`skuæyhf zfyf a ec}ckta`thnckua zaec }cy
hkd`sckmhfef zay za`îuhmf} zòi`hmf}+ Latcyka}, aylfkhrfìóc} hkucykfmhakfh} c a }cmuay zyhtfea uân
uyfif`gfea zfyf uyfk}daynfy a hnzs`}a }a`heæyha, fhkef mfyyclfea ec c}zîyhua ef mfyhefec, ksn
manzyanh}}a man nsefkìf} }amhfh}+
F AKS ecm`fyas 9::6 a Fka Hkucykfmhakf` ea Ta`skufyhfea+ F hkhmhfuhtf fbseas f mak}mhckmhf`hrfy f}
}amhcefec} }aiyc f hnzayuékmhf ef hk}uhusmhakf`hrfìía ef zyæuhmf ckuyc tæyha} fuayc} }amhfh}+ Ka énihua
mayzayfuhta, f} hkhmhfuhtf} dayfn zfyf`c`f} ê ycecdhkhìía ea zfzc` ef} cnzyc}f} kf }amhcefec+ Fkuc}
Daynf} ec zfyuhmhzfìía mîthmf kf yc}a`sìía
ec zyai`cnf} nskehfh}
8/3/2019 cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmamodulob7-110917141123-phpapp01 12/12
C}ma`f ]cmskeæyhf ec Ickftckuc
Zyadc}}ay2 Bafvshn Nfeyslf . MCD ” Uhza 9, kîtc` HH . Mhefefkhf c Nskea Fusf` ” 6² Fka Zælhkf 674
C}uc hk}uysnckua zceflýlhma }clsc a} makucòea} ecdhkhea} ka zyalyf nf ef e h}mhz`hkf ec Mhefefk hf c Nskea Fusf `+